CN111870757A

CN111870757A - Hollow fiber membrane oxygenator

Info

Publication number: CN111870757A
Application number: CN202010837207.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张向军; 张腾飞; 徐涛; 索轶平; 雒建斌
Original assignee: Tsinghua University; Tianjin Institute of Advanced Equipment of Tsinghua University
Current assignee: Beijing Qinghan Medical Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-08-19
Filing date: 2020-08-19
Publication date: 2020-11-03

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of medical instruments, and discloses a hollow fiber membrane oxygenator, which comprises: the blood purification device comprises a shell, a blood purification device and a blood purification device, wherein a blood inlet and a blood outlet are arranged along the horizontal direction, and a gas inlet and a gas outlet are arranged along the vertical direction; the plurality of drainage plates are vertically arranged and are arranged in the shell at intervals along the horizontal direction, and a circulation path for communicating the blood inlet with the blood outlet is formed among the plurality of drainage plates; and each group of fiber bundle group is arranged between two adjacent drainage plates and comprises a plurality of vertically arranged hollow fiber bundles, and two ends of each hollow fiber bundle are respectively communicated with the gas inlet and the gas outlet. Through the structure, the blood circulation direction is vertical to the gas circulation direction, and the circulation path is formed by the plurality of drainage plates to guide the blood circulation, so that the blood circulation path is prolonged, the blood-gas exchange rate can be effectively improved, gas can enter the hollow fiber bundle and is not directly contacted with the blood, and the damage of the blood to the shape components is avoided.

Description

Hollow fiber membrane oxygenator

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of medical instruments, in particular to a hollow fiber membrane oxygenator.

Background

The oxygenator is a core component in extracorporeal Circulation (CPB) and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), and has a function of replacing the pulmonary function of a human body to perform an exchange function of blood and gas, so that oxygenation of the blood and removal of carbon dioxide are realized, and the blood is converted from venous blood to arterial blood. In the prior art, the hollow fiber membrane oxygenator has the advantages that the blood flows outside the hollow fibers, so that the shearing force of the blood can be reduced, and the damage of the blood to the formed components can be reduced; the laminar flow of blood is reduced, and the blood-gas exchange efficiency is improved; the oxygenation capacity is enhanced, the contact area of blood and foreign matters is reduced, the pre-charging amount is reduced, and the oxygenation device is widely applied.

The existing hollow fiber membrane oxygenator mainly comprises an oxygen exchange unit and a temperature exchange unit, and can better realize the conversion from venous blood to arterial blood. However, the existing hollow fiber membrane oxygenator has the problem of low blood gas exchange rate.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a hollow fiber membrane oxygenator to improve the blood-gas exchange rate.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a hollow fiber membrane oxygenator comprising:

the blood purification device comprises a shell, a blood purification device and a blood purification device, wherein a blood inlet and a blood outlet are arranged on the shell along the horizontal direction, and a gas inlet and a gas outlet are arranged on the shell along the vertical direction;

the plurality of drainage plates are vertically arranged and are arranged in the shell at intervals along the horizontal direction, and a circulation path for communicating the blood inlet and the blood outlet is formed among the plurality of drainage plates;

and each fiber bundle group is arranged between two adjacent drainage plates and comprises a plurality of vertically arranged hollow fiber bundles, and two ends of each hollow fiber bundle are respectively communicated with the gas inlet and the gas outlet.

Preferably, two gas chambers are provided in the housing, wherein one of the gas chambers communicates with one end of the hollow fiber bundle and the gas inlet, and the other of the gas chambers communicates with the other end of the hollow fiber bundle and the gas outlet.

Preferably, two ends of the shell along the vertical direction are provided with a sealing adhesive layer, and two ends of the hollow fiber bundle are connected to the sealing adhesive layer in a sealing manner and are communicated with the gas inlet and the gas outlet.

Preferably, the housing includes an upper cover and a lower cover, the upper cover and the upper end of the sealing layer form the upper end of the gas chamber, and the lower cover and the lower end of the sealing layer form the lower end of the gas chamber.

Preferably, two ends of the drainage plate are respectively sealed with the corresponding adhesive sealing layers.

Preferably, the hollow fiber membrane oxygenator further comprises a heat exchanger, the heat exchanger is positioned on one side of the shell and comprises a blood channel and a heat exchange channel which are perpendicular to each other, and an outlet of the blood channel is communicated with the blood inlet.

Preferably, the hollow fiber membrane oxygenator further comprises a heat exchanger, the heat exchanger is located in the shell and comprises a plurality of heat exchange tubes, the heat exchange tubes are horizontally arranged, and the tube walls of the heat exchange tubes are perpendicular to the direction of blood circulation.

Preferably, a heat exchange cavity is arranged in the shell, and two ends of the heat exchange tube are respectively communicated with one heat exchange cavity.

Preferably, the heat exchangers are provided with at least two groups, and the at least two groups of heat exchangers are arranged in the shell at intervals.

Preferably, the flow path has an S-shape, a straight shape, or a zigzag shape.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: through above-mentioned structure, blood circulation direction is perpendicular with the gas flow direction, and forms the circulation route through a plurality of drainage plates and guide the blood circulation, has prolonged blood flow route, can effectively improve blood gas exchange rate, can guarantee moreover that gas gets into inside and not direct and blood contact of hollow fiber bundle, avoids the damage of blood tangible composition.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a hollow fiber membrane oxygenator provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is an exploded schematic view of a hollow fiber membrane oxygenator (heat exchanger not shown) provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a flow path according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of another flow path provided by the first embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of another flow path provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of another flow path provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of another flow path provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a fiber bundle assembly provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a schematic structural view of a hollow fiber membrane oxygenator provided in the second embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 10 is an exploded schematic view of a hollow fiber membrane oxygenator provided in the second embodiment of the present invention.

In the figure:

1. a housing; 11. a blood inlet; 12. a blood outlet; 13. a gas inlet; 14. a gas outlet; 15. an upper cover; 16. a lower cover; 17. a front plate; 18. a back plate; 19. a middle frame; 1a, heat exchange mounting holes; 2. a drainage plate; 3. a hollow fiber bundle; 4. a glue sealing layer; 5. a heat exchanger; 51. a blood channel; 52. a heat exchange channel; 53. a heat exchange pipe; 6. and (6) a heat exchange sealant layer.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not limiting of the invention. It should be further noted that, for the convenience of description, only some of the structures related to the present invention are shown in the drawings, not all of the structures.

In the description of the present invention, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "connected," "connected," and "fixed" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning permanently connected, removably connected, or integral to one another; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.

In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, "above" or "below" a first feature means that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are not in direct contact but are in contact with each other via another feature therebetween. Also, the first feature being "on," "above" and "over" the second feature includes the first feature being directly on and obliquely above the second feature, or merely indicating that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature includes the first feature being directly under and obliquely below the second feature, or simply meaning that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.

In the description of the present embodiment, the terms "upper", "lower", "right", etc. are used in an orientation or positional relationship based on that shown in the drawings only for convenience of description and simplicity of operation, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used only for descriptive purposes and are not intended to have a special meaning.

Example one

The present embodiment provides a hollow fiber membrane oxygenator, preferably a membrane hollow fiber membrane oxygenator, that is capable of increasing the blood gas exchange rate while avoiding damage to blood's visible components.

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the hollow fiber membrane oxygenator of the present embodiment includes a housing 1, a plurality of flow guide plates 2 and a plurality of sets of fiber bundles, all disposed in the housing 1, wherein:

a blood inlet 11 and a blood outlet 12 are respectively formed at both sides of the housing 1 in a horizontal direction (i.e., a left-right direction shown in fig. 1), and blood can enter the housing 1 through the blood inlet 11 and flow out through the blood outlet 12. A gas inlet 13 and a gas outlet 14 are respectively arranged on two sides of the housing 1 along the vertical direction (i.e. the up-down direction shown in fig. 1), oxygen enters the housing 1 through the gas inlet 13, and after oxygenation with blood, the residual oxygen and carbon dioxide flow out through the gas outlet 14. In addition, the blood flowing direction is perpendicular to the oxygen flowing direction, and compared with a parallel flowing mode (parallel flowing forms laminar flow, which causes a boundary layer, and the existence of the boundary layer affects the blood-gas exchange rate), the embodiment can improve the blood-gas exchange rate and the blood-gas exchange effect.

In this embodiment, the casing 1 includes an upper cover 15, a lower cover 16, and a middle frame 19 located between the upper cover 15 and the lower cover 16, the closed casing 1 is formed between the upper cover 15, the middle frame 19, and the lower cover 16, the gas inlet 13 is opened on the upper cover 15, the gas outlet 14 is opened on the lower cover 16, and the blood inlet 11 and the blood outlet 12 are opened on two side walls of the middle frame 19.

In this embodiment, two gas chambers are disposed in the housing 1, wherein one gas chamber is disposed at the upper cover 15 and is communicated with one end of the plurality of fiber bundle groups. The other gas chamber is disposed at the lower cover 16 and is communicated with the other end of the plurality of fiber bundle groups.

Preferably, the gas chamber of the present embodiment may be formed between the upper cover 15 and the sealant layer 4, and between the lower cover 16 and the sealant layer 4. Specifically, the casing 1 of the present embodiment further includes two adhesive sealing layers 4, a groove is formed in the upper cover 15, the adhesive sealing layer 4 is sealed at the upper cover 15, and a gas chamber located at the upper end is formed between the adhesive sealing layer 4 and the groove. Similarly, a groove is also formed in the lower cover 16, the sealant layer 4 is sealed at the lower cover 16, and a gas chamber at the lower end is formed between the sealant layer 4 and the groove. Through the setting of above-mentioned sealing glue layer 4, can realize the isolation to oxygen and blood in the gas cavity, guarantee that oxygen is not direct and blood contact.

In this embodiment, the plurality of drainage plates 2 are vertically arranged in the casing 1, and preferably, the plurality of drainage plates 2 are arranged at intervals along the horizontal direction, and each drainage plate 2 is arranged at intervals with the side wall of the casing 1, so that a circulation path for communicating the blood inlet 11 with the blood outlet 12 is formed between the plurality of drainage plates 2. When the blood flows into the casing 1 through the blood inlet 11, the blood flows into the flow path, is sufficiently oxygenated by oxygen exchange, and then flows out through the blood outlet 12.

As shown in fig. 3, the plurality of flow guide plates 2 of the present embodiment are arranged in a staggered manner to form an S-shaped flow path as shown in fig. 3. Of course, the straight-line flow path shown in fig. 4 may be used, or the loop-shaped flow path shown in fig. 5 may be used. In addition, the flow guide plate 2 of the present embodiment may have a flat plate structure as shown in fig. 3 to 5, an arc structure as shown in fig. 6, or other structures such as a wave shape. The drainage plate 2 of the flat plate structure may be provided obliquely (as shown in fig. 7) as long as a tortuous and sufficiently long flow path is formed to satisfy sufficient blood-gas exchange.

In this embodiment, it should be pointed out that the end of each drainage plate 2 in the vertical direction is hermetically connected to the corresponding sealant layer 4. As shown in fig. 2, the fiber bundle groups are provided with a plurality of groups, the specific number is related to the number of the flow guide plates 2, that is, a group of fiber bundle groups is provided between two adjacent flow guide plates 2 and the inner wall of the casing 1, the fiber bundle groups are used for oxygen to pass through, and in the process, blood can be oxygenated by oxygen, oxygen does not directly contact with blood, blood flows outside the hollow fibers, so that the shearing force of blood can be reduced, and the damage of blood to shaped components can be reduced.

Illustratively, as shown in fig. 8, the fiber bundle group of the present embodiment includes a plurality of closely arranged and vertically arranged hollow fiber bundles 3, that is, each fiber bundle group has a plurality of hollow fiber bundles 3, the hollow fiber bundles 3 form a gas channel in the middle, and the fiber walls thereof can form an oxygenation membrane, so that oxygenation can be achieved without blood directly contacting with oxygen. The upper end of the hollow fiber bundle 3 communicates with the gas chamber at the upper end to communicate with the gas inlet 13, and the lower end of the hollow fiber bundle 3 communicates with the gas chamber at the lower end to communicate with the gas outlet 14.

In the present embodiment, the hollow fiber bundle 3 is also filled in the gap between the drainage plate 2 and the side wall of the casing 1, so that the blood is constantly oxygenated in the flow path, and the blood-gas exchange effect is further improved. Preferably, the hollow fiber bundle 3 may be made of microporous polypropylene (PP) or asymmetric polymethylpentene (PMP).

In this embodiment, two ends of the hollow fiber bundle 3 are sealed in the sealant layer 4 and are communicated with the gas inlet 13 and the gas outlet 14, that is, the hollow fiber bundle 3 can be communicated with the gas chamber through the sealant layer 4, so as to ensure that oxygen can only pass through the hollow fiber bundle 3, and oxygenation is performed with blood through an oxygenation membrane formed by the fibers. Further ensuring that oxygen does not enter the flow path of the blood.

In this embodiment, it should be noted that the connection between the sealant layer 4 and the drainage plate 2 and the hollow fiber bundle 3 is implemented in the following manner: after the hollow fiber bundle 3 with the length larger than the height of the middle frame 19 is placed into the middle frame 19, pouring sealant treatment is respectively carried out on the end faces of the two ends of the middle frame 19, a sealant layer 4 is formed after the sealant is solidified, and the part of the hollow fiber bundle 3, which exceeds the end face of the sealant layer 4, is cut off to obtain a flat section and exposed fiber holes. It can be understood that the pouring sealant can be bonded with the drainage plate 2, the middle frame 19 and the hollow fiber bundle 3 in the solidification process to realize sealing. Meanwhile, before the potting adhesive, in order to ensure that the interior of the hollow fiber bundle 3 does not enter too much potting adhesive, the hollow fiber bundle 3 may be sealed.

In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the hollow fiber membrane oxygenator further includes a heat exchanger 5, the heat exchanger 5 is located at one side of the housing 1, and the heat exchanger 5 includes a blood channel 51 and a heat exchange channel 52 which are perpendicular to each other, wherein the blood channel 51 is horizontally disposed, the heat exchange channel 52 is vertically disposed, and an outlet of the blood channel 51 is communicated with the blood inlet 11 for circulating blood. A heat exchange medium (usually hot water) flows through the heat exchange channel 52 for exchanging heat with the blood in the blood channel 51 to heat the blood.

When the hollow fiber membrane oxygenator is used, venous blood firstly enters the blood channel 51 of the heat exchanger 5 and exchanges heat with a heat exchange medium in the heat exchange channel 52 of the heat exchanger 5, the venous blood is heated to a preset temperature by the heat exchange medium and then flows into the flow path through the blood inlet 11, oxygen enters the gas chamber at the upper end through the gas inlet 13 and enters the hollow fiber bundle 3 during the circulation process in the flow path, the venous blood is oxygenated with the oxygen circulating in the hollow fiber bundle 3, and then the oxygenated arterial blood flows out through the blood outlet 12. The oxygen and carbon dioxide remaining after oxygenation enter the gas chamber at the lower end through the hollow fiber bundle 3 and finally flow out through the gas outlet 14.

The blood flowing direction of the hollow fiber membrane oxygenator of the embodiment is perpendicular to the gas flowing direction, and the flowing path is formed by the plurality of the drainage plates 2 to guide the blood flowing, so that the blood-gas exchange rate can be effectively improved, gas can be ensured to enter the hollow fiber bundle 3 without directly contacting with the blood, and the damage of the blood to the formed components is avoided.

Example two

The hollow fiber membrane oxygenator provided in the present embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that the heat exchanger 5 of the present embodiment is integrated in the housing 1, which enables the hollow fiber membrane oxygenator to have a higher integration level and a smaller volume.

As shown in fig. 9 and 10, a heat exchanger 5 is arranged in the housing 1 of the hollow fiber membrane oxygenator, the heat exchanger 5 includes a plurality of heat exchange tubes 53 horizontally arranged, and the tube walls of the plurality of heat exchange tubes 53 are perpendicular to the direction of blood circulation, and the plurality of heat exchange tubes 53 are in a form that can increase the heat exchange area of blood and improve the heat exchange effect of blood.

In this embodiment, a heat exchange mounting hole 1a is formed in the casing 1, and the heat exchange mounting hole 1a is used for mounting the heat exchange tube 53 of the heat exchanger 5, in this embodiment, as shown in fig. 10, two groups of the heat exchanger 5 are provided, one group is disposed at the edge of the casing 1, and the other group is disposed at the middle of the casing 1. Accordingly, correspondingly, a heat exchange mounting hole 1a is formed at an edge of the casing 1, the heat exchange mounting hole 1a is communicated with the blood inlet 11 and the circulation path, and another heat exchange mounting hole 1a is formed at a middle of the casing 1, and the heat exchange mounting hole 1a is communicated with the circulation path. After the heat exchange tube 53 is installed in the heat exchange installation hole 1a, blood passes through the blood inlet 11 and the heat exchanger 5, is heated and warmed, then flows into the circulation path, and exchanges blood gas with oxygen, then passes through the heat exchanger 5 again, is heated and warmed, then continues to exchange blood gas, and finally flows out through the blood outlet 12. In the embodiment, two or more groups of heat exchangers 5 are arranged at intervals, so that the blood can not be gradually cooled along with the moving process in the whole oxygenation process, and the temperature can be well maintained at the set requirement by heating for multiple times.

Further, heat exchange glue sealing layers 6 are arranged at two ends of the heat exchange mounting hole 1a, so that two sides of the heat exchange mounting hole 1a are sealed. The connection between the heat exchange adhesive sealing layer 6 and the heat exchange tube is realized by adopting the following mode: after the heat exchange tube 53 with the length larger than that of the heat exchange mounting hole 1a is placed into the heat exchange mounting hole 1a, pouring sealant treatment is respectively carried out at two ends of the heat exchange mounting hole 1a, a heat exchange sealant layer 6 is formed after the sealant is solidified, and then the part of the heat exchange tube 53 exceeding the end face of the heat exchange sealant layer 6 is cut off to obtain a smooth section and exposed heat exchange tube holes. It can be understood that the pouring sealant can be bonded with the inner wall of the heat exchange mounting hole 1a and the heat exchange tube 53 in the solidification process to realize sealing. Meanwhile, the heat exchange tube 53 needs to be sealed before the sealant is applied, so as to prevent the sealant from entering the heat exchange tube 53 too much to block the heat exchange water path during the potting process.

In this embodiment, two heat exchange chambers are further disposed in the casing 1, two ends of the heat exchange tubes 53 of each group of heat exchangers 5 are respectively communicated with one heat exchange chamber, and one end of each of the heat exchange tubes 53 of at least two groups of heat exchangers 5 is communicated with one of the heat exchange chambers while the other end is communicated with the other heat exchange chamber. The heat exchange medium firstly enters one of the heat exchange chambers, then is shunted to each heat exchange tube 53 through the heat exchange chamber, and after heat exchange with blood, the heat exchange medium is converged to the other heat exchange chamber through the heat exchange tube 53 and finally flows out through the other heat exchange chamber.

As shown in fig. 10, the casing 1 of the present embodiment further includes a front plate 17 and a rear plate 18, and sealed chambers, i.e., the heat exchange chambers, are formed between the front plate 17 and the middle frame 19 and between the rear plate 18 and the middle frame 19. Specifically, grooves may be formed in the front plate 17 and the rear plate 18, and the front plate 17 and the rear plate 18 are attached to the middle frame 19, so that the grooves and the outer wall of the middle frame 19 form a heat exchange chamber.

The rest of the structure of this embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment, and is not described again.

It should be understood that the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Numerous obvious variations, adaptations and substitutions will occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hollow fiber membrane oxygenator, comprising:

the blood purification device comprises a shell (1), wherein a blood inlet (11) and a blood outlet (12) are arranged on the shell (1) along the horizontal direction, and a gas inlet (13) and a gas outlet (14) are arranged on the shell (1) along the vertical direction;

the plurality of flow guide plates (2) are vertically arranged and are arranged in the shell (1) at intervals along the horizontal direction, and a circulation path for communicating the blood inlet (11) and the blood outlet (12) is formed among the plurality of flow guide plates (2);

the fiber bundle group is arranged between every two adjacent drainage plates (2) and comprises a plurality of vertically arranged hollow fiber bundles (3), and two ends of each hollow fiber bundle (3) are respectively communicated with the gas inlet (13) and the gas outlet (14).

2. The hollow fiber membrane oxygenator of claim 1 wherein two gas chambers are provided in the housing (1), one of which communicates with one end of the hollow fiber bundle (3) and the gas inlet (13) and the other of which communicates with the other end of the hollow fiber bundle (3) and the gas outlet (14).

3. The hollow fiber membrane oxygenator according to claim 2, wherein both ends of the housing (1) in the vertical direction are provided with a sealant layer (4), and both ends of the hollow fiber bundle (3) are hermetically connected to the sealant layer (4) and communicate with the gas inlet (13) and the gas outlet (14).

4. The hollow fiber membrane oxygenator of claim 3, wherein the housing (1) includes an upper cover (15) and a lower cover (16), the upper cover (15) and the sealant layer (4) at an upper end forming the gas chamber at an upper end, the lower cover (16) and the sealant layer (4) at a lower end forming the gas chamber at a lower end.

5. The hollow fiber membrane oxygenator of claim 3, wherein both ends of the flow guide plate (2) are sealed to the respective sealant layers (4).

6. The hollow fiber membrane oxygenator of any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising a heat exchanger (5), wherein the heat exchanger (5) is located at one side of the housing (1), and the heat exchanger (5) comprises a blood channel (51) and a heat exchange channel (52) which are perpendicular to each other, and an outlet of the blood channel (51) is communicated with the blood inlet (11).

7. The hollow fiber membrane oxygenator as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5 further comprising a heat exchanger (5), wherein the heat exchanger (5) is located within the housing (1) and the heat exchanger (5) comprises a plurality of heat exchange tubes (53), the plurality of heat exchange tubes (53) are horizontally disposed and the tube walls of the heat exchange tubes (53) are perpendicular to the direction of blood flow.

8. The hollow fiber membrane oxygenator of claim 7 wherein the housing (1) has heat exchange chambers therein, one of the heat exchange chambers being in communication with each of the two ends of the heat exchange tubes (53).

9. The hollow fiber membrane oxygenator as claimed in claim 7 or 8 wherein the heat exchangers (5) are provided in at least two groups, at least two groups of the heat exchangers (5) being spaced apart within the housing (1).

10. The hollow fiber membrane oxygenator of any one of claims 1 to 5 wherein the flow path is S-shaped, in-line or in-loop.