CN111870757A - A hollow fiber membrane oxygenator - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of medical devices, and discloses a hollow fiber membrane oxygenator, comprising: a casing, a blood inlet and a blood outlet are arranged in a horizontal direction, and a gas inlet and a gas outlet are arranged in a vertical direction; The plates are arranged vertically and are arranged in the housing at intervals along the horizontal direction, and a circulation path connecting the blood inlet and the blood outlet is formed between the plurality of drainage plates; a plurality of groups of fiber bundles, each group of fiber bundles is arranged in two adjacent Between the guide plates, the fiber bundle group includes a plurality of vertically arranged hollow fiber bundles, and two ends of each hollow fiber bundle are respectively communicated with the gas inlet and the gas outlet. Through the above-mentioned structure, the present invention makes the blood circulation direction perpendicular to the gas circulation direction, and a plurality of drainage plates are used to form a circulation path to guide the blood circulation, which prolongs the blood flow path, can effectively improve the blood gas exchange rate, and can ensure that the gas enters the hollow fiber bundle. The inside is not in direct contact with the blood, so as to avoid the damage of the blood's formed components.

Description

A hollow fiber membrane oxygenator

technical field

The invention relates to the field of medical devices, in particular to a hollow fiber membrane oxygenator.

Background technique

Oxygenator is the core component of extracorporeal circulation (CPB) and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Blood changes from venous blood to arterial blood. In the prior art, the hollow fiber membrane oxygenator has the ability of blood flowing outside the hollow fiber, which can reduce the shear force of the blood and reduce the damage of the blood formed components; reduce the blood laminar flow and improve the blood gas exchange efficiency; It has the advantages of reducing the contact area between blood and foreign bodies and reducing the precharge, and is widely used.

The existing hollow fiber membrane oxygenator is mainly composed of an oxygen exchange unit and a temperature exchange unit, which can better realize the transformation from venous blood to arterial blood. However, the existing hollow fiber membrane oxygenator has the problem of low blood gas exchange rate.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a hollow fiber membrane oxygenator to improve the blood gas exchange rate.

For this purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

A hollow fiber membrane oxygenator, comprising:

a housing, which is provided with a blood inlet and a blood outlet along the horizontal direction, and a gas inlet and a gas outlet along the vertical direction;

a plurality of drainage plates, which are vertically arranged and arranged in the casing at intervals along the horizontal direction, and a circulation path connecting the blood inlet and the blood outlet is formed between the plurality of drainage plates;

Multiple groups of fiber bundle groups, each group of the fiber bundle groups is arranged between two adjacent said guide plates, and the fiber bundle group includes several vertically arranged hollow fiber bundles, each of the hollow fiber bundles is Both ends are communicated with the gas inlet and the gas outlet respectively.

Preferably, two gas chambers are provided in the casing, one of the gas chambers communicates with one end of the hollow fiber bundle and the gas inlet, and the other gas chamber communicates with the hollow fiber bundle. the other end and the gas outlet.

Preferably, both ends of the casing along the vertical direction are provided with a sealing layer, and both ends of the hollow fiber bundle are sealed and connected to the sealing layer and communicate with the gas inlet and the gas outlet.

Preferably, the casing includes an upper cover and a lower cover, the gas chamber at the upper end is formed between the upper cover and the sealing layer at the upper end, and the lower cover and the sealing layer at the lower end form the gas chamber at the upper end. The gas chamber at the lower end is formed therebetween.

Preferably, both ends of the drainage plate are respectively sealed with the corresponding sealing layer.

Preferably, the hollow fiber membrane oxygenator further includes a heat exchanger, the heat exchanger is located on one side of the shell, and the heat exchanger includes a blood channel and a heat exchange channel that are perpendicular to each other. The outlet of the blood channel communicates with the blood inlet.

Preferably, the hollow fiber membrane oxygenator further includes a heat exchanger, the heat exchanger is located in the shell, and the heat exchanger includes a plurality of heat exchange tubes, and the plurality of the heat exchange tubes are horizontal It is arranged and the tube wall of the heat exchange tube is perpendicular to the direction of blood circulation.

Preferably, a heat exchange chamber is provided in the shell, and two ends of the heat exchange tube are respectively connected to one of the heat exchange chambers.

Preferably, the heat exchangers are provided with at least two groups, and at least two groups of the heat exchangers are arranged in the shell at intervals.

Preferably, the circulation path is in an S-shape, a straight-line shape or a back-shape.

The beneficial effects of the present invention: through the above structure, the blood circulation direction is perpendicular to the gas circulation direction, and a plurality of drainage plates form a circulation path to guide the blood circulation, prolong the blood flow path, effectively improve the blood gas exchange rate, and ensure the gas Into the hollow fiber bundle without direct contact with blood, to avoid the damage of blood components.

Description of drawings

1 is a schematic structural diagram of a hollow fiber membrane oxygenator provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the exploded schematic diagram of the hollow fiber membrane oxygenator (the heat exchanger is not shown) provided by the first embodiment of the present invention;

3 is a schematic diagram of a flow path provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

4 is a schematic diagram of another circulation path provided by Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

5 is a schematic diagram of still another circulation path provided by Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

6 is a schematic diagram of still another circulation path provided by Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

7 is a schematic diagram of still another circulation path provided by Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

8 is a schematic structural diagram of a fiber bundle group provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

9 is a schematic structural diagram of the hollow fiber membrane oxygenator provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

Fig. 10 is an exploded schematic diagram of the hollow fiber membrane oxygenator provided in the second embodiment of the present invention.

In the picture:

1. Housing; 11. Blood inlet; 12. Blood outlet; 13. Gas inlet; 14. Gas outlet; 15. Upper cover; 16. Lower cover; 17. Front plate; 18. Back plate; 19. Middle frame; 1a, heat exchange installation hole; 2, drainage plate; 3, hollow fiber bundle; 4, sealing layer; 5, heat exchanger; 51, blood channel; 52, heat exchange channel; 53, heat exchange tube; 6, exchange Heat sealant layer.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention, but not to limit the present invention. In addition, it should be noted that, for the convenience of description, the drawings only show some but not all structures related to the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "connected", "connected" and "fixed" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integrated ; It can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between the two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific situations.

In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, a first feature "on" or "under" a second feature may include the first and second features in direct contact, or may include the first and second features Not directly but through additional features between them. Also, the first feature being "above", "over" and "above" the second feature includes the first feature being directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is level higher than the second feature. The first feature is "below", "below" and "below" the second feature includes the first feature being directly below and diagonally below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature has a lower level than the second feature.

In the description of this embodiment, the terms "upper", "lower", "right", etc. are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, which are only for convenience of description and simplified operation, rather than indicating Or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operate in a particular orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for distinction in description, and have no special meaning.

Example 1

This embodiment provides a hollow fiber membrane oxygenator, preferably a membrane hollow fiber membrane oxygenator. The hollow fiber membrane oxygenator can improve the blood gas exchange rate, and can also avoid the formation of blood damage.

As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 , the hollow fiber membrane oxygenator of the present embodiment includes a housing 1, a plurality of guide plates 2 and a plurality of groups of fiber bundles all disposed in the housing 1, wherein:

A blood inlet 11 and a blood outlet 12 are respectively provided on both sides of the casing 1 along the horizontal direction (ie, the left and right direction shown in FIG. 1 ), and blood can enter the casing 1 through the blood inlet 11 and flow out through the blood outlet 12 . A gas inlet 13 and a gas outlet 14 are respectively provided on both sides of the casing 1 along the vertical direction (ie, the up and down direction shown in FIG. 1 ). The oxygen enters the casing 1 through the gas inlet 13 and is oxygenated with blood, and the remaining The oxygen and carbon dioxide flow out through the gas outlet 14 . Moreover, the blood flow direction of this embodiment is perpendicular to the oxygen flow direction. Compared with the parallel flow method (parallel flow will form laminar flow, resulting in the appearance of a boundary layer, and the existence of the boundary layer will affect the blood gas exchange rate), this embodiment can Increases the rate of gas-blood exchange and the effect of blood-gas exchange.

In this embodiment, the casing 1 includes an upper cover 15 , a lower cover 16 and a middle frame 19 located between the upper cover 15 and the lower cover 16 , and a closed shell is formed between the upper cover 15 , the middle frame 19 and the lower cover 16 Body 1, the gas inlet 13 is opened on the upper cover 15, the gas outlet 14 is opened on the lower cover 16, and the blood inlet 11 and the blood outlet 12 are opened on the side walls of the middle frame 19.

In this embodiment, two gas chambers are provided in the casing 1 , one of which is disposed at the upper cover 15 , and the gas chamber is connected to one end of the above-mentioned multiple groups of fiber bundles. Another gas chamber is disposed at the lower cover 16, and the gas chamber communicates with the other ends of the above-mentioned groups of fiber bundles.

Preferably, the gas chamber in this embodiment may be formed between the upper cover 15 and the sealing layer 4 , and between the lower cover 16 and the sealing layer 4 . Specifically, the housing 1 of this embodiment further includes two sealing layers 4 , a groove is formed in the upper cover 15 , the sealing layer 4 is sealed at the upper cover 15 , and the sealing layer 4 is connected to the grooves. A gas chamber at the upper end is formed therebetween. Similarly, the lower cover 16 is also provided with a groove, the sealing layer 4 is sealed at the lower cover 16 , and a gas chamber at the lower end is formed between the sealing layer 4 and the groove. Through the arrangement of the above-mentioned sealing layer 4, the isolation of oxygen and blood in the gas chamber can be realized, so as to ensure that the oxygen does not directly contact with the blood.

In this embodiment, the above-mentioned plurality of flow guide plates 2 are vertically arranged in the casing 1 , and preferably, the plurality of flow guide plates 2 are arranged at intervals along the horizontal direction, and each flow guide plate 2 is arranged between the side wall of the casing 1 . They are arranged at intervals, so that a circulation path connecting the blood inlet 11 and the blood outlet 12 is formed between the plurality of drainage plates 2 . When blood flows into the housing 1 through the blood inlet 11 , it flows into the above-mentioned flow path, and after being sufficiently exchanged and oxygenated with oxygen, it flows out through the blood outlet 12 .

As shown in FIG. 3 , the plurality of flow guide plates 2 in this embodiment are arranged in a staggered manner to form an S-shaped flow path as shown in FIG. 3 . Of course, it can also be the straight-line-shaped circulation path shown in FIG. 4 , or the back-shaped circulation path shown in FIG. 5 . In addition, the flow guide plate 2 of this embodiment may be a flat plate structure as shown in FIGS. 3-5 , an arc structure as shown in FIG. 6 , or other structures such as a wave shape. The drainage plate 2 of the flat plate structure can also be inclined (as shown in FIG. 7 ), as long as a tortuous and long enough flow path can be formed to satisfy sufficient blood gas exchange.

In this embodiment, it should be pointed out that the vertical end of each of the above-mentioned flow guide plates 2 is sealed and connected to the corresponding sealing layer 4 . As shown in FIG. 2 , the above-mentioned fiber bundle groups are provided with multiple groups, and the specific number is related to the number of the flow guide plates 2 , that is, two adjacent flow guide plates 2 and the edge flow guide plates 2 and the inner wall of the housing 1 are provided with a The fiber bundle group is used for the passage of oxygen, and in the process, the blood can be oxygenated with oxygen, and the oxygen does not directly contact the blood, the blood flowing outside the hollow fiber can reduce the shear force of the blood , to reduce the damage of blood formed components.

Exemplarily, as shown in FIG. 8 , the fiber bundle group in this embodiment includes several hollow fiber bundles 3 that are closely arranged and vertically arranged, that is to say, each fiber bundle group has a plurality of hollow fiber bundles 3 . A gas channel is formed in the middle of the hollow fiber bundle 3, and the fiber wall thereof can form an oxygenation membrane, so that oxygenation can be achieved without direct contact of the blood with oxygen. The upper end of the hollow fiber bundle 3 communicates with the gas chamber at the upper end to communicate with the gas inlet 13 , and the lower end of the hollow fiber bundle 3 communicates with the gas chamber at the lower end to communicate with the gas outlet 14 .

It should be noted that, in this embodiment, the gap between the drainage plate 2 and the side wall of the casing 1 is also covered with the hollow fiber bundles 3, so that the blood is always oxygenated in the circulation path, which further improves the Blood gas exchange effect. Preferably, the above-mentioned hollow fiber bundles 3 can be made of microporous polypropylene (PP) or asymmetric polymethylpentene (PMP).

In this embodiment, both ends of the above-mentioned hollow fiber bundles 3 are sealed to the sealing layer 4 and communicate with the gas inlet 13 and the gas outlet 14, that is, through the sealing layer 4, the hollow fiber bundles 3 can only be communicated with the gas chamber, In this way, it is ensured that oxygen can only pass through the hollow fiber bundles 3, and is oxygenated with the blood through the oxygenation membrane formed by the fibers. Further ensures that oxygen does not enter the circulation path of the blood.

In this embodiment, it should be pointed out that the connection between the above-mentioned sealing layer 4 and the drainage plate 2 and the hollow fiber bundle 3 is realized in the following manner: by placing the hollow fiber bundle 3 whose length is greater than the height of the middle frame 19 into the middle frame 19 , the end faces of the two ends of the middle frame 19 are treated with potting glue, and the glue layer 4 is formed after the glue is solidified, and the part of the hollow fiber bundle 3 beyond the end face of the sealing glue layer 4 is cut off to obtain a flat cut surface and exposed fiber holes. It can be understood that during the solidification process of the potting glue, it will be bonded with the drainage plate 2 , the middle frame 19 and the hollow fiber bundle 3 to achieve sealing. At the same time, in order to ensure that too much potting glue does not enter the interior of the hollow fiber bundle 3, the hollow fiber bundle 3 may be sealed first before the sealing.

In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1 , the hollow fiber membrane oxygenator further includes a heat exchanger 5 , the heat exchanger 5 is located on one side of the shell 1 , and the heat exchanger 5 includes a vertical blood channel 51 and a heat exchange channel 52, wherein the blood channel 51 is arranged horizontally, and the heat exchange channel 52 is arranged vertically, and the outlet of the blood channel 51 is communicated with the blood inlet 11 for blood circulation. A heat exchange medium (usually hot water) circulates in the above-mentioned heat exchange channel 52 , which is used for heat exchange with the blood in the blood channel 51 to achieve the purpose of heating the blood.

In the hollow fiber membrane oxygenator of this embodiment, when in use, venous blood will first enter the blood channel 51 of the heat exchanger 5 and exchange heat with the heat exchange medium in the heat exchange channel 52 of the heat exchanger 5 is heated to a preset temperature by the heat exchange medium, and then flows into the circulation path through the blood inlet 11. During the circulation in the circulation path, the oxygen enters the gas chamber at the upper end through the gas inlet 13, and enters the hollow fiber bundle 3, The venous blood is oxygenated with the oxygen circulating in the hollow fiber bundle 3 , and the arterial blood formed after the oxygenation flows out through the blood outlet 12 . The remaining oxygen and carbon dioxide after oxygenation enter the gas chamber at the lower end through the hollow fiber bundle 3 and finally flow out through the gas outlet 14 .

In the above-mentioned hollow fiber membrane oxygenator of this embodiment, the blood circulation direction is perpendicular to the gas circulation direction, and the circulation paths are formed by a plurality of drainage plates 2 to guide the blood circulation, which can effectively improve the blood gas exchange rate and ensure that the gas enters The inside of the hollow fiber bundle 3 is not in direct contact with the blood, so as to avoid the damage of the blood forming components.

Embodiment 2

The difference between the hollow fiber membrane oxygenator provided in this embodiment and the first embodiment is that the heat exchanger 5 of this embodiment is integrated in the shell 1, which makes the integration degree of the hollow fiber membrane oxygenator higher. taller and smaller.

As shown in FIG. 9 and FIG. 10 , a heat exchanger 5 is provided in the shell 1 of the hollow fiber membrane oxygenator. The heat exchanger 5 includes a plurality of horizontally arranged heat exchange tubes 53, and a plurality of heat exchange tubes The wall of the tube 53 is perpendicular to the direction of blood flow, and the form of the plurality of heat exchange tubes 53 can increase the heat exchange area of the blood and improve the heat exchange effect of the blood.

In this embodiment, a heat exchange installation hole 1a is opened in the casing 1, and the heat exchange installation hole 1a is used for installing the heat exchange tube 53 of the above-mentioned heat exchanger 5. In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 10, There are two groups of heat exchangers 5 , one of which is arranged at the edge of the casing 1 , and the other is arranged at the middle of the casing 1 . Therefore, correspondingly, a heat exchange installation hole 1a is opened at the edge of the casing 1, the heat exchange installation hole 1a is connected to the blood inlet 11 and the circulation path, and another heat exchange installation hole 1a is opened in the middle of the casing 1. , the heat exchange mounting hole 1a communicates with the flow path. After the heat exchange tube 53 is installed in the heat exchange installation hole 1a, the blood first passes through a set of heat exchangers 5 through the blood inlet 11 to be heated and heated, then flows into the circulation path, and exchanges blood gas with oxygen, and then passes through another set of heat exchangers 5 again. The heat exchanger 5 is heated and heated up, and then the blood gas exchange is continued, and finally flows out through the blood outlet 12 . In this embodiment, two or more sets of heat exchangers 5 are arranged at intervals, so that the blood will not gradually cool down with the moving process during the entire oxygenation process, and the temperature can be better maintained at the set requirement by heating for multiple times.

Further, both ends of the heat exchange installation hole 1a are provided with a heat exchange sealant layer 6 to achieve sealing on both sides of the heat exchange installation hole 1a. The connection between the above-mentioned heat exchange sealing layer 6 and the heat exchange tubes is realized in the following manner: after placing the heat exchange tubes 53 longer than the length of the heat exchange installation holes 1a into the heat exchange installation holes 1a, the heat exchange installation holes The two ends of 1a are treated with potting glue respectively, and the heat exchange sealing glue layer 6 is formed after the glue is solidified, and then the part of the heat exchange tube 53 beyond the end face of the heat exchange sealing glue layer 6 is cut off to obtain a flat cut surface and an exposed heat exchange tube. hole. It can be understood that during the solidification process of the potting glue, it will adhere to the inner wall of the heat exchange installation hole 1a and the heat exchange tube 53 to achieve sealing. At the same time, the heat exchange tube 53 needs to be sealed before sealing, so as to prevent the potting glue from entering the heat exchange tube 53 too much during the potting process and blocking the water exchange circuit.

In this embodiment, two heat exchange chambers are further provided in the casing 1, and the two ends of the heat exchange tubes 53 of each group of heat exchangers 5 are connected to one heat exchange chamber respectively, and at least two groups of heat exchange chambers are provided. One end of the plurality of heat exchange tubes 53 of the device 5 is connected to one of the heat exchange chambers, and the other end is connected to the other heat exchange chamber. The heat exchange medium first enters one of the heat exchange chambers, and is then branched to each heat exchange tube 53 through the heat exchange chamber. heat chamber, and finally outflow through the other heat exchange chamber.

As shown in FIG. 10 , the housing 1 of this embodiment further includes a front plate 17 and a rear plate 18 , and a closed cavity is formed between the front plate 17 and the middle frame 19 and between the rear plate 18 and the middle frame 19 , namely The above heat exchange chamber. Specifically, grooves may be formed in the front plate 17 and the rear plate 18 , and the front plate 17 and the rear plate 18 are attached to the middle frame 19 , so that the groove and the outer wall of the middle frame 19 form a heat exchange chamber.

The rest of the structures in this embodiment are the same as those in the first embodiment, and will not be repeated here.

Obviously, the above-mentioned embodiments of the present invention are only examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, rather than limiting the embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, various obvious changes, readjustments and substitutions can be made without departing from the protection scope of the present invention. There is no need and cannot be exhaustive of all implementations here. Any modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. a hollow fiber membrane oxygenator, is characterized in that, comprises: a housing (1), the housing (1) is provided with a blood inlet (11) and a blood outlet (12) in a horizontal direction, and a gas inlet (13) and a gas outlet (14) in a vertical direction; A plurality of drainage plates (2) are vertically arranged and arranged in the housing (1) at intervals along the horizontal direction, and a communication between the blood inlet (11) and all the drainage plates (2) is formed between the plurality of drainage plates (2). the flow path of the blood outlet (12); Multiple groups of fiber bundle groups, each group of said fiber bundle groups is arranged between two adjacent said flow guide plates (2), and said fiber bundle group includes several vertically arranged hollow fiber bundles (3), each of which is Both ends of the hollow fiber bundle (3) are respectively communicated with the gas inlet (13) and the gas outlet (14). 2 . The hollow fiber membrane oxygenator according to claim 1 , wherein two gas chambers are provided in the shell ( 1 ), and one of the gas chambers communicates with the hollow fiber bundle. 3 . One end of (3) and the gas inlet (13), and the other gas chamber communicates with the other end of the hollow fiber bundle (3) and the gas outlet (14). 3. The hollow fiber membrane oxygenator according to claim 2, characterized in that, both ends of the casing (1) along the vertical direction are provided with sealing layers (4), and the hollow fiber bundles ( Both ends of 3) are hermetically connected to the sealing layer (4) and communicate with the gas inlet (13) and the gas outlet (14). 4 . The hollow fiber membrane oxygenator according to claim 3 , wherein the housing ( 1 ) comprises an upper cover ( 15 ) and a lower cover ( 16 ), the upper cover ( 15 ) and the upper end The gas chamber at the upper end is formed between the sealant layers (4) at the upper end, and the gas chamber at the lower end is formed between the lower cover (16) and the sealant layer (4) at the lower end . 5 . The hollow fiber membrane oxygenator according to claim 3 , wherein both ends of the guide plate ( 2 ) are respectively sealed with the corresponding sealing layers ( 4 ). 6 . 6. The hollow fiber membrane oxygenator according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein the hollow fiber membrane oxygenator further comprises a heat exchanger (5), and the heat exchanger (5) ) is located on one side of the shell (1), and the heat exchanger (5) includes a blood channel (51) and a heat exchange channel (52) that are perpendicular to each other, and the outlet of the blood channel (51) is connected to the The blood inlet (11) communicates. 7. The hollow fiber membrane oxygenator according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein the hollow fiber membrane oxygenator further comprises a heat exchanger (5), and the heat exchanger (5) ) is located in the casing (1), and the heat exchanger (5) includes a plurality of heat exchange tubes (53), and the plurality of the heat exchange tubes (53) are arranged horizontally and the heat exchange tubes (53) ) is perpendicular to the direction of blood flow. 8 . The hollow fiber membrane oxygenator according to claim 7 , wherein a heat exchange chamber is provided in the shell ( 1 ), and two ends of the heat exchange tube ( 53 ) are connected to one the heat exchange chamber. 9. The hollow fiber membrane oxygenator according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the heat exchanger (5) is provided with at least two groups, and at least two groups of the heat exchanger (5) are provided at intervals in the casing (1). 10. The hollow fiber membrane oxygenator according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein the flow path is in an S-shape, a straight-line shape or a back-shape.

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