CN111864375B - Compact one-dimensional holographic electromagnetic metasurface antenna - Google Patents
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- CN111864375B CN111864375B CN202010715089.5A CN202010715089A CN111864375B CN 111864375 B CN111864375 B CN 111864375B CN 202010715089 A CN202010715089 A CN 202010715089A CN 111864375 B CN111864375 B CN 111864375B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/0086—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices having materials with a synthesized negative refractive index, e.g. metamaterials or left-handed materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
- H01Q19/104—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces using a substantially flat reflector for deflecting the radiated beam, e.g. periscopic antennas
Abstract
The invention discloses a compact one-dimensional holographic electromagnetic metasurface antenna which is characterized by comprising a grounding medium substrate, a one-dimensional surface wave emitter and an electromagnetic metasurface; the one-dimensional surface wave transmitter consists of a 50-ohm rectangular microstrip line, a trapezoidal microstrip gradient line and a rectangular reflecting copper plate which are arranged in the middle of the left side of the front surface of the grounding medium substrate; the electromagnetic metasurface is arranged on the front side of the grounding medium substrate on the right side of the trapezoidal microstrip gradient line and is of a structure that a plurality of periodically arranged square patch arrays extend to the right side of the front side of the grounding medium substrate; each square patch array realizes different surface impedances of each point through a plurality of different square patch units, and the relationship between the surface impedance value and the one-dimensional coordinate x meets the holographic theoretical formula. The antenna can realize the functions of arbitrarily appointed beam deflection angles and beam angular frequency sweep at a given working frequency point, and has the characteristics of narrow beams, high gain, simple feed structure and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of antennas, and relates to a compact one-dimensional holographic antenna which is realized by utilizing an electromagnetic metasurface technology.
Background
With the rapid development of wireless communication systems, the design of antennas as rf front-ends also faces many challenges. On one hand, the requirements on antenna radiation patterns, such as beam deflection, multi-beam and the like, compared with the traditional phased array antenna, the beam deflection can be realized by designing an impedance surface by utilizing the holographic technology, and a complex feed network is avoided. On the other hand, with the increase of the working frequency, the size of the antenna is small, and the performance of the antenna needs to be optimized. In recent years, due to the emergence of electromagnetic metasurface technology, the introduction of electromagnetic wave control characteristics into antenna design is one of important means for improving antenna performance, but the electromagnetic metasurface has a two-dimensional periodic structure, is large in size, and cannot be integrated with other systems, so that miniaturization becomes one of important research directions.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a compact one-dimensional holographic electromagnetic metasurface antenna, which can realize the functions of arbitrarily appointed beam deflection angle and beam angular frequency sweep at a given working frequency point and has the characteristics of narrow beam, high gain, simple feed structure and the like.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention for solving the technical problems is: a compact one-dimensional holographic electromagnetic metasurface antenna is designed, and is characterized by comprising a grounding medium substrate, a one-dimensional surface wave emitter and an electromagnetic metasurface, wherein: the grounding dielectric substrate is a dielectric substrate with the back surface fully coated with copper, and supports surface wave propagation of transverse magnetic waves as a main mode;
the one-dimensional surface wave transmitter consists of a 50-ohm rectangular microstrip line, a trapezoidal microstrip gradient line and a rectangular reflecting copper plate which are arranged in the middle of the left side of the front surface of the grounding medium substrate; the left side edge of the 50-ohm rectangular microstrip line is coincided with the edge of the left side of the front face of the grounding medium substrate and is arranged in the center, the trapezoidal microstrip gradient line is connected to the right side of the 50-ohm rectangular microstrip line in the center, and the rectangular reflecting copper plate is connected to the right side of the trapezoidal microstrip gradient line and forms an included angle with the upper surface of the grounding medium substrate; the shape of the trapezoid microstrip gradual change line is isosceles trapezoid, the length of the edge at the joint of the 50 ohm rectangular microstrip line and the trapezoid microstrip gradual change line is equal, the length of the edge at the joint of the trapezoid microstrip gradual change line and the rectangular reflecting copper plate is equal, and the length of the edge on the left side of the trapezoid microstrip gradual change line is smaller than that of the edge on the right side;
the electromagnetic metasurface is arranged on the front side of the grounding medium substrate on the right side of the trapezoidal microstrip gradient line and is a structure in which a plurality of periodically arranged square patch arrays extend to the right side of the front side of the grounding medium substrate, and the maximum width of the electromagnetic metasurface is equal to the length of the side on the right side of the trapezoidal microstrip gradient line; each square patch array realizes different surface impedances of each point through a plurality of different square patch units, and the relationship between the surface impedance value and the one-dimensional coordinate x meets the holographic theoretical formula:
in the above formula, Zs(x) Is the surface impedance value, k, at each point in one dimension0(f0) At the operating frequency f0Vacuum wave number of (theta)0At the operating frequency f0Beam deflection angles of the antennas relative to the edge-firing direction; eta0Is the vacuum wave impedance, about 377 Ω; m is a modulation factor, X0For the average surface impedance, two parameters need to be set in advance to satisfy M<0.3，0.7η0<X0<1.2η0。
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the antenna abandons the traditional method for realizing beam deflection, introduces the holographic technology into the antenna design, realizes the beam deflection of the specified angle without adding a complex feed network, thereby reducing the cost of the antenna.
2. The electromagnetic metasurface is introduced into the antenna design, so that the characteristics of high gain and narrow beam of the antenna are realized.
3. In order to reduce the size of the electromagnetic metasurface and to compact the antenna, the technical scheme of the invention provides a one-dimensional surface wave transmitter which is simple in structure, can realize efficient conversion from quasi-transverse electromagnetic waves to transverse magnetic surface waves, has fewer units on the excited electromagnetic metasurface, reduces the width of the antenna, and is easy to integrate with other systems.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic top view of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention. (in the figure, 1-grounding dielectric substrate, 2-50 ohm rectangular microstrip line, 3-trapezoidal microstrip gradual change line, 4-reflection copper plate, 5-square patch and 6-square patch array).
Fig. 2 is a schematic front view of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention. (in the figure: 1-ground dielectric substrate, 4-reflecting copper plate).
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a square patch module according to an embodiment of the antenna of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a graph of surface impedance of the square patch module shown in fig. 3 as a function of gap g.
FIG. 5 shows the reflection coefficient of the antenna obtained in example 1 of the present invention at a frequency band of 10-18 GHz.
FIG. 6 is the E-plane radiation pattern of the antenna obtained in example 1 of the present invention at frequencies of 15GHz, 16GHz and 17 GHz.
Detailed Description
The invention is explained in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings.
The invention provides a compact one-dimensional holographic electromagnetic metasurface antenna (antenna for short), which is characterized in that: the antenna comprises a grounding medium substrate, a one-dimensional surface wave emitter and an electromagnetic metasurface, wherein: the grounding dielectric substrate is a dielectric substrate with the back surface fully coated with copper, and supports surface wave propagation with the main mode of transverse magnetic wave.
The one-dimensional surface wave transmitter consists of a 50-ohm rectangular microstrip line, a trapezoidal microstrip gradient line and a rectangular reflecting copper plate which are arranged in the middle of the left side of the front surface of the grounding medium substrate; the left side edge of the 50-ohm rectangular microstrip line is coincided with the edge of the left side of the front face of the grounding medium substrate and is arranged in the middle, the trapezoidal microstrip gradual change line is connected to the right side of the 50-ohm rectangular microstrip line in the middle, and the rectangular reflection copper plate is connected to the right side of the trapezoidal microstrip gradual change line and forms an included angle with the upper surface of the grounding medium substrate. The shape of trapezoidal microstrip gradual change line is isosceles trapezoid, and the length of the limit of 50 ohm rectangle microstrip line and trapezoidal microstrip gradual change line both junctions is equal, and the length of the limit of trapezoidal microstrip gradual change line and rectangular reflection copper plate both junctions is equal, and the length of the limit on trapezoidal microstrip gradual change line left side is less than the length of the limit on right side. The trapezoidal microstrip gradual change line is used for realizing impedance matching and reducing the reflection of an input signal; the rectangular reflecting copper plate is used for generating a longitudinal electric field component and realizing the high-efficiency conversion from a feed-in signal in a quasi-transverse electromagnetic wave mode to a surface wave in a transverse electromagnetic wave mode. Signals are fed in through the left side of the 50 ohm rectangular microstrip line, impedance matching is achieved through the trapezoidal microstrip gradient line, and finally conversion from quasi-transverse electromagnetic waves to transverse magnetic surface waves is achieved through the rectangular reflection copper plate. Since its energy propagates in one dimension, i.e., a one-dimensional surface wave launcher.
The electromagnetic metasurface functions to convert the transverse magnetic surface wave into leaky waves, forming electromagnetic radiation. The electromagnetic metasurface is arranged on the front side of the grounding medium substrate on the right side of the trapezoidal microstrip gradient line and is a structure in which a plurality of periodically arranged square patch arrays extend to the right side of the front side of the grounding medium substrate, and the maximum width of the electromagnetic metasurface is equal to the length of the side on the right side of the trapezoidal microstrip gradient line; each square patch array realizes different surface impedances of each point through a plurality of different square patch units, and the relationship between the surface impedance value and the one-dimensional coordinate x meets the holographic theoretical formula:
in the above formula, Zs(x) The surface impedance value, k, at each point in one dimension (for example, in the x-axis direction)0(f0) At the operating frequency f0Vacuum wave number of (theta)0At the operating frequency f0Beam deflection angles of the antennas relative to the edge-firing direction; eta0Is the vacuum wave impedance, about 377 Ω; m is a modulation factor, X0For the average surface impedance, two parameters need to be set in advance, and usually M is satisfied<0.3，0.7η0<X0<1.2η0To suppress the generation of open stopband.
The specific solving mode of the square patch array on the electromagnetic metasurface is as follows: will give the working frequency f0Arbitrarily specified beam deflection angle θ0And set M, X0Substituted into equation (1), and then applied to the surface impedance Zs(x) The method comprises the steps of sampling t sections at equal intervals in one period to obtain t surface impedance sample values which are sequentially distributed in the one-dimensional direction, wherein different surface impedance values are n, and then utilizing n different square patch units to achieve equivalent effectThe n different surface impedance values; the final electromagnetic metasurface is formed by h periodic square patch arrays, each square patch array comprises w × t square patch units, w is the number of rows, and t is the number of columns. Generally speaking, in order to ensure the radiation efficiency of leakage waves, the period number h is between 6 and 8; t square patch units arranged on each row correspond to t surface impedance sampling values sequentially arranged in the one-dimensional direction one by one, and in order to meet sampling precision, the number of columns t is generally not less than 8; and the w square patch units in each column are the same, the row number w is the same while the radiation aperture and the longitudinal size of the antenna are compact, and w is between 3 and 6.
The specific process of using n different square patch units to equate the n different surface impedance values is as follows: setting a square patch module, wherein the square patch module comprises a square grounding medium substrate with the side length of a and a square patch with the side length of s etched at the center of the front surface of the square patch module, and then the square patch and the upper surface of the square grounding medium substrate at the periphery of the square patch module are called as a square patch unit, and the side length a of the square grounding medium substrate is the side length of the square patch unit; the distance from the edge of the square patch to the edge of the square grounding dielectric substrate on the corresponding side is g/2, and the gap g is a-s. Since the sampling in one period is t segments, there are:
obtaining the value of the side length a of the square patch unit according to the formula; then according to the obtained value of the side length a of the square patch unit, 4 square patch modules with different g values are selected, modeling is carried out in electromagnetic simulation software CST respectively, and corresponding 4 surface impedances Z are obtained through an intrinsic mode solver of the modulessThen using a cubic polynomial Zs＝mg3+eg2+ pg + q fitting to obtain surface impedance ZsA function of the relationship with the gap g; and finding out different gap g values corresponding to the n different surface impedance values on the graph of the relation function, and further obtaining n square patch units with different square patch side lengths.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a compact one-dimensional holographic electromagnetic metasurface antenna (referred to as an antenna for short, see fig. 1-2), which realizes a beam deflection angle of 50 degrees relative to an edge-firing direction at 16GHz, and is characterized in that the antenna comprises a grounding medium substrate, a one-dimensional surface wave emitter and an electromagnetic metasurface; the grounding dielectric substrate is a Rogers4003C dielectric substrate with the back surface coated with copper, the recommended value of the dielectric constant circuit is 3.55, and the size is 336mm multiplied by 40mm multiplied by 1.524 mm.
The one-dimensional surface wave transmitter consists of a 50-ohm rectangular microstrip line, a trapezoidal microstrip gradient line and a rectangular reflecting copper plate which are arranged in the middle of the left side of the front surface of the grounding medium substrate; the left side edge of the 50-ohm rectangular microstrip line is coincided with the edge of the left side of the front face of the grounding medium substrate and arranged in the middle, the trapezoidal microstrip gradual change line is connected to the right side of the 50-ohm rectangular microstrip line in the middle, and the rectangular reflection copper plate is connected to the right side of the trapezoidal microstrip gradual change line and arranged in an included angle with the upper surface of the grounding medium substrate. The shape of trapezoidal microstrip gradual change line is isosceles trapezoid, and the length of the limit of 50 ohm rectangle microstrip line and trapezoidal microstrip gradual change line both junctions is equal, and the length of the limit of trapezoidal microstrip gradual change line and rectangular reflection copper plate both junctions is equal, and the length of the limit on trapezoidal microstrip gradual change line left side is less than the length of the limit on right side.
A one-dimensional surface wave launcher includes: the size of the 50 ohm rectangular microstrip line 2 is 5mm multiplied by 3.5 mm; the trapezoidal microstrip gradual change line 3 is connected with the 50 ohm rectangular microstrip line 2, the edge of the left side of the trapezoidal microstrip gradual change line is 3.5mm, the edge of the right side of the trapezoidal microstrip gradual change line is 25mm, and the height of the trapezoidal microstrip gradual change line is 40.5 mm; the size of the rectangular reflecting copper plate 4 connected with the right side of the trapezoidal microstrip gradual change line 3 is 25mm multiplied by 15mm multiplied by 0.3mm, and the rectangular reflecting copper plate and the upper surface of the grounding medium substrate form an included angle of 30 degrees.
The electromagnetic metasurface functions to convert the transverse magnetic surface wave into leaky waves, forming electromagnetic radiation. The electromagnetic metasurface is arranged on the front side of the grounding medium substrate on the right side of the trapezoidal microstrip gradient line and is a structure in which a plurality of periodically arranged square patch arrays extend to the right side of the front side of the grounding medium substrate, and the maximum width of the electromagnetic metasurface is equal to the length of the side on the right side of the trapezoidal microstrip gradient line; each square patch array realizes different surface impedances of each point through a plurality of different square patch units.
The specific solving mode of the square patch array on the electromagnetic metasurface is as follows: will be at the operating frequency f0Achieving a specified beam deflection angle theta at 16GHz 050 °, and M0.2, X0＝0.75η0Substituting into equation (1), and then applying to the surface impedance Zs(x) The sampling is carried out for 8 sections at equal intervals in one period, 8 surface impedance sampling values are obtained, wherein the sampling values are j339.3 omega, j322.74 omega, j282.75 omega, j242.76 omega, j226.2 omega, j242.76 omega, j282.75 omega and j322.74 omega respectively, and the cosine function has symmetry, and the sampling values comprise 5 different surface impedance values of j339.3 omega, j322.74 omega, j282.75 omega, j242.76 omega and j226.2 omega. Then 5 different square patch units are utilized to equate the above 5 different surface impedance values; the final electromagnetic metasurface is formed by 6 periodic square patch arrays, each square patch array comprises 5 × 8 square patch units, wherein 5 is the number of rows and 8 is the number of columns. The 8 square patch units arranged on each row correspond to the 8 surface impedance sample values sequentially arranged in the one-dimensional direction one by one, and the 5 square patch units in each column are the same.
The specific process of utilizing another 5 different square patch units to equate the 5 different surface impedance values is as follows: setting a square patch module (see fig. 3), wherein the square patch module comprises a square grounding medium substrate with the side length of a and a square patch with the side length of s etched at the center of the front surface of the square patch module, and then the square patch and the upper surface of the square grounding medium substrate at the periphery of the square patch module are called as a square patch unit, and the side length a of the square grounding medium substrate is the side length of the square patch unit; the square grounding dielectric substrate is a Rogers4003C dielectric substrate with the back surface fully coated with copper, the distance from the edge of the square patch to the edge of the corresponding square grounding dielectric substrate is g/2, and the gap g is a-s. Since the sampling in one period is 8 segments, there are:
calculating the side length of the square patch unit according to the formulaa is 5mm, then according to the obtained side length a of the square patch unit is 5mm, four square patch modules with different g values (g is 1.5mm, 1.8mm, 2.1mm and 2.4mm) are selected, respectively modeled in the electromagnetic simulation software CST, and corresponding four surface impedances Z are obtained through an eigenmode solver carried by the modulessValue of (Z)sJ362.98 Ω, j302.98 Ω, j257.92 Ω, j225 Ω), and then using a cubic polynomial Zs＝mg3+eg2+ pg + q fitting to obtain surface impedance ZsFunction of the relationship with gap g:
Zs＝-9.2g3+129.6g2-552g+930.2 (3)
the graph of the relation function is shown in fig. 4, the values of the gap g corresponding to j339.3 Ω, j322.74 Ω, j282.75 Ω, j242.76 Ω and j226.2 Ω are found through the graph, and the side length a of the square patch unit is 5mm, so that 5 kinds of square patches with different sizes are obtained, wherein the side lengths s-g are 3.39mm, 3.3mm, 3.08mm, 2.78mm and 2.64mm respectively; then, the 5 kinds of square patch units are correspondingly arranged in a row in sequence according to the sampling time sequence of 8 surface impedance sampling values, the sizes of the square patches in the 5 kinds of square patch units are 3.39mm multiplied by 3.39mm, 3.3mm multiplied by 3.3mm, 3.08mm multiplied by 3.08mm, 2.78mm multiplied by 2.78mm, 2.64mm multiplied by 2.64mm, 2.78mm multiplied by 2.78mm, 3.08mm multiplied by 3.08mm and 3.3mm multiplied by 3.3mm from left to right in sequence, and the size a of 8 square patch units in each row is 5mm multiplied by 5 mm; repeating the 1 line longitudinally into 5 lines to obtain a 5 x 8 square patch array; and finally, transversely and periodically arranging 6 square patch arrays on the right side of the front surface of the grounding medium substrate to obtain the electromagnetic metasurface, as shown in figure 1.
Fig. 5 shows the antenna reflection coefficient of the antenna obtained in embodiment 1 of the present invention at the frequency band of 10-18 GHz. It can be seen that the antenna satisfies a reflection coefficient of less than-10 dB at 10-18 GHz. A one-dimensional surface wave transmitter capable of converting an input quasi-transverse electromagnetic wave into a transverse magnetic surface wave with good efficiency is described.
Fig. 6 is an E-plane radiation pattern of the antenna obtained in embodiment 1 of the present invention at frequencies of 15GHz, 16GHz, and 17 GHz. It can be seen that the beam deflection angle of the antenna at 16GHz is 48 degrees, which is very close to the preassigned 50 degrees, and the fact that the one-dimensional metasurface antenna based on the holographic theory realizes the expected beam deflection angle at the appointed working frequency point is illustrated. The antenna has the gain of 17dBi, the beam width of 5 degrees, the high-gain narrow-beam characteristic and different beam deflection angles at different frequencies of 15GHz, 16GHz and 17GHz, which shows that the antenna has the beam angle frequency sweep function.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can make various equivalent modifications or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and these modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Nothing in this specification is said to apply to the prior art.
Claims (5)
1. A compact one-dimensional holographic electromagnetic metasurface antenna is characterized by comprising a grounding medium substrate, a one-dimensional surface wave launcher and an electromagnetic metasurface, wherein: the grounding dielectric substrate is a dielectric substrate with the back surface fully coated with copper, and supports surface wave propagation of transverse magnetic waves as a main mode;
the one-dimensional surface wave transmitter consists of a 50-ohm rectangular microstrip line, a trapezoidal microstrip gradient line and a rectangular reflecting copper plate which are arranged in the middle of the left side of the front surface of the grounding medium substrate; the left side edge of the 50-ohm rectangular microstrip line is coincided with the edge of the left side of the front face of the grounding medium substrate and is arranged in the center, the trapezoidal microstrip gradient line is connected to the right side of the 50-ohm rectangular microstrip line in the center, and the rectangular reflecting copper plate is connected to the right side of the trapezoidal microstrip gradient line and forms an included angle with the upper surface of the grounding medium substrate; the shape of the trapezoid microstrip gradual change line is isosceles trapezoid, the length of the edge at the joint of the 50 ohm rectangular microstrip line and the trapezoid microstrip gradual change line is equal, the length of the edge at the joint of the trapezoid microstrip gradual change line and the rectangular reflecting copper plate is equal, and the length of the edge on the left side of the trapezoid microstrip gradual change line is smaller than that of the edge on the right side;
the electromagnetic metasurface is arranged on the front side of the grounding medium substrate on the right side of the trapezoidal microstrip gradient line and is a structure in which a plurality of periodically arranged square patch arrays extend to the right side of the front side of the grounding medium substrate, and the maximum width of the electromagnetic metasurface is equal to the length of the side on the right side of the trapezoidal microstrip gradient line; each square patch array realizes different surface impedances of each point through a plurality of different square patch units, and the relationship between the surface impedance value and the one-dimensional coordinate x meets the holographic theoretical formula:
in the above formula, Zs(x) Is the surface impedance value, k, at each point in one dimension0(f0) At the operating frequency f0Vacuum wave number of (theta)0At the operating frequency f0Beam deflection angles of the antennas relative to the edge-firing direction; eta0Is the vacuum wave impedance, about 377 Ω; m is a modulation factor, X0For the average surface impedance, two parameters need to be set in advance to satisfy M<0.3，0.7η0<X0<1.2η0；
The specific solving mode of the square patch array on the electromagnetic metasurface is as follows: will give the working frequency f0Arbitrarily specified beam deflection angle θ0And set M, X0Substituted into equation (1), and then applied to the surface impedance Zs(x) Performing t-segment equal-interval sampling in one period to obtain t surface impedance sampling values which are sequentially distributed in the one-dimensional direction, wherein different surface impedance values are n, and then utilizing n different square patch units to be equivalent to the n different surface impedance values; the final electromagnetic metasurface is formed by h periods of square patch arrays, each square patch array comprises w multiplied by t square patch units, wherein w is the number of rows and t is the number of columns; t square patch units arranged on each row correspond to t surface impedance sample values sequentially arranged in the one-dimensional direction one by one, and w square patch units in each column are the same;
the specific process of using n different square patch units to equate the n different surface impedance values is as follows: setting a square patch module, wherein the square patch module comprises a square grounding medium substrate with the side length of a and a square patch with the side length of s etched at the center of the front surface of the square patch module, and then the square patch and the upper surface of the square grounding medium substrate at the periphery of the square patch module are called as a square patch unit, and the side length a of the square grounding medium substrate is the side length of the square patch unit; the distance from the edge of the square patch to the edge of the square grounding dielectric substrate on the corresponding side is g/2, and the gap g is a-s; since the sampling in one period is t segments, there are:
obtaining the value of the side length a of the square patch unit according to the formula; then according to the obtained value of the side length a of the square patch unit, 4 square patch modules with different g values are selected, modeling is carried out in electromagnetic simulation software CST respectively, and corresponding 4 surface impedances Z are obtained through an intrinsic mode solver of the modulessThen using a cubic polynomial Zs＝mg3+eg2+ pg + q fitting to obtain surface impedance ZsA function of the relationship with the gap g; and finding out different gap g values corresponding to the n different surface impedance values on the graph of the relation function, and further obtaining n square patch units with different square patch side lengths.
2. The compact one-dimensional holographic electromagnetic metasurface antenna of claim 1, wherein the number of cycles h is between 6 and 8.
3. The compact one-dimensional holographic electromagnetic metasurface antenna of claim 1, wherein the number of columns t is not less than 8.
4. The compact one-dimensional holographic electromagnetic metasurface antenna of claim 1, wherein the number of rows w is between 3 and 6.
5. The compact one-dimensional holographic electromagnetic metasurface antenna of claim 1, wherein the antenna achieves a 50 ° beam deflection angle with respect to the broadside direction at 16GHz, the ground dielectric substrate is a Rogers4003C dielectric substrate with copper-clad back, the dielectric constant is 3.55, and the dimensions are 336mm x 40mm x 1.524 mm; the one-dimensional surface wave launcher includes: the size of the 50 ohm rectangular microstrip line is 5mm multiplied by 3.5 mm; the trapezoidal microstrip gradient line is connected with a 50 ohm rectangular microstrip line, the edge of the left side of the trapezoidal microstrip gradient line is 3.5mm, the edge of the right side of the trapezoidal microstrip gradient line is 25mm, and the height of the trapezoidal microstrip gradient line is 40.5 mm; the rectangular reflecting copper plate connected with the side on the right side of the trapezoidal microstrip gradient line has the size of 25mm multiplied by 15mm multiplied by 0.3mm, and forms an included angle of 30 degrees with the upper surface of the grounding dielectric substrate;
the electromagnetic metasurface is formed by 6 square patch arrays of 5 x 8 in a transverse periodic arrangement mode; the sizes of the square patch units in each square patch array are 5mm multiplied by 5mm, the sizes of the square patches in each row of 8 square patch units in the array are 3.39mm multiplied by 3.39mm, 3.3mm multiplied by 3.3mm, 3.08mm multiplied by 3.08mm, 2.78mm multiplied by 2.78mm, 2.64mm multiplied by 2.64mm, 2.78mm multiplied by 2.78mm, 3.08mm multiplied by 3.08mm and 3.3mm multiplied by 3.3mm from left to right in sequence, and the sizes of the square patches in 5 square patch units in each array in the array are the same.
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| EP3570375A1 (en) * | 2018-05-14 | 2019-11-20 | Paris Sciences et Lettres - Quartier Latin | Reconfigurable antenna assembly having a metasurface of metasurfaces |
| CN209766650U (en) * | 2019-05-16 | 2019-12-10 | 东南大学 | one-bit liquid crystal-based digital super surface |
| CN210926317U (en) * | 2019-06-05 | 2020-07-03 | 云南大学 | ISGW feed gap coupling super-surface antenna |
| CN110600879B (en) * | 2019-09-10 | 2020-12-08 | 西安电子科技大学 | Method for generating omnidirectional circularly polarized vortex electromagnetic wave |
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