CN111854458B - Lime kiln and control method thereof - Google Patents

Lime kiln and control method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111854458B
CN111854458B CN201910340952.0A CN201910340952A CN111854458B CN 111854458 B CN111854458 B CN 111854458B CN 201910340952 A CN201910340952 A CN 201910340952A CN 111854458 B CN111854458 B CN 111854458B
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gas
coal
fuel
valve
nitrogen
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CN111854458A (en
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刘前
周浩宇
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Zhongye Changtian International Engineering Co Ltd
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Zhongye Changtian International Engineering Co Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D19/00—Arrangements of controlling devices
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2/00—Lime, magnesia or dolomite
    • C04B2/10—Preheating, burning calcining or cooling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D19/00—Arrangements of controlling devices
    • F27D2019/0028—Regulation
    • F27D2019/0075—Regulation of the charge quantity

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)

Abstract

The application discloses a lime kiln and a control method thereof, wherein the lime kiln comprises a fuel online switching system, and the system comprises a coal gas supply device, a coal powder supply device, N fuel switchers and N spray guns; when the fuel of all the spray guns is switched from coal powder to coal gas, a valve body and a coal powder stop valve at a coal powder inlet in the fuel switcher are closed in sequence, and a coal powder conveying blower is adjusted to be standby; the running frequency of a gas conveying fan is improved, when the gas pressure reaches the requirement of entering the kiln, a gas stop valve and a valve body at a gas inlet in a fuel switcher are sequentially opened, and gas flows into a kiln chamber through a gas conveying pipeline, a gas ring pipe, gas inlets and fuel outlets of N fuel switchers and N spray guns in sequence; and opening the combustion-supporting air cut-off valve, adjusting the operating frequency of the combustion-supporting fan to enable the combustion-supporting air quantity to be matched with the coal gas quantity, and ending the switching process. The method overcomes the defects of single type of lime kiln fuel and poor production adaptability, and realizes the on-line switching of the coal gas/coal powder of the lime kiln.

Description

Lime kiln and control method thereof
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of lime kilns, in particular to a lime kiln and a control method thereof.
Background
The lime kiln is a core device in the lime production process, limestone raw materials are heated to 1100 ℃ in the lime kiln and calcined to generate a finished lime product, and fuel used for limestone calcination generally comprises coal gas and coal powder. Due to the different combustion characteristics of coal gas and pulverized coal, the type of fuel used is fixed for a specific lime kiln.
Because the existing lime kiln can only use one of coal gas or pulverized coal fuel, if the type of the fuel needs to be changed, the flexibility is very poor only by modifying a heating system of the lime kiln. In addition, although the cost of lime kilns built in steel plants is low, coal gas is used as a byproduct of processes such as iron making and steel making, the supply is unstable, the gas quantity and the heat value of the coal gas are often greatly fluctuated, the production stability is difficult to ensure only by using the coal gas as a single fuel, and the lime production cost is increased by using only coal powder as a single fuel. Therefore, the heat supply fuel of the existing lime kiln is single, the fuel types can not be flexibly switched according to the working condition adaptability in the steel plant, and the production adaptability of the lime kiln is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides a lime kiln and a control method thereof, which aim to solve the problems of single type of lime kiln fuel and poor production adaptability.
In a first aspect, the application provides a lime kiln, which comprises a combustion-supporting fan and a kiln chamber, wherein a combustion-supporting air pipe is communicated between the combustion-supporting fan and the kiln chamber, a combustion-supporting air cut-off valve is arranged on the combustion-supporting air pipe, the lime kiln further comprises a fuel online switching system, the fuel online switching system comprises a coal gas supply device, a coal powder supply device, N fuel switchers and N spray guns, the fuel switchers correspond to the spray guns one to one, and the spray guns are communicated with the kiln chamber;
the gas supply device comprises a gas conveying fan and a gas ring pipe, the gas ring pipe is communicated with N gas branch pipes, the gas conveying fan is communicated with the gas ring pipe through a gas conveying pipeline, and a gas stop valve is arranged on the gas conveying pipeline;
the pulverized coal supply device comprises a pulverized coal conveying fan and a pulverized coal ring pipe, wherein the pulverized coal ring pipe is communicated with N pulverized coal branch pipes, the pulverized coal conveying fan is communicated with the pulverized coal ring pipe through a pulverized coal conveying pipeline, and a pulverized coal cut-off valve is arranged on the pulverized coal conveying pipeline;
each fuel switcher comprises a coal gas inlet, a coal powder inlet and a fuel outlet, wherein the coal gas inlet is communicated with a coal gas branch pipe, the coal powder inlet is communicated with a coal powder branch pipe, and the fuel outlet is communicated with a spray gun; the coal gas inlet and the coal powder inlet are respectively provided with a valve body.
With reference to the first aspect, in a first possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the fuel online switching system further includes a nitrogen purging device, the nitrogen purging device includes a nitrogen compression tank and a nitrogen ring pipe, the nitrogen ring pipe is communicated with the N nitrogen branch pipes, the nitrogen compression tank and the nitrogen ring pipe are communicated with each other through a nitrogen conveying pipeline, and a nitrogen cut-off valve is disposed on the nitrogen conveying pipeline.
With reference to the first possible implementation manner of the first aspect, in a second possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the fuel switcher further includes a nitrogen inlet, the nitrogen inlet is communicated with the nitrogen branch pipe, a valve body is arranged at the nitrogen inlet, and only one of the coal gas inlet, the coal powder inlet and the nitrogen inlet is communicated with the fuel outlet at the same time by adjusting each valve body; when the nitrogen shut-off valve and the valve body at the nitrogen inlet are opened, the residual coal gas or coal powder in the fuel switcher is blown into the spray gun by the nitrogen.
With reference to any one of the first aspect, the first possible implementation manner of the first aspect, and the second possible implementation manner of the first aspect, in a third possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the valve body includes a rigid sealing ring, a sealing plug, and a return spring; a fixed supporting steel body is arranged in the center of the interior of the fuel switcher; the rigid sealing rings are respectively fixed on the peripheries of pipe orifices of the coal gas inlet, the coal powder inlet and the nitrogen inlet; one end of the reset spring is connected with the support steel body, and the other end of the reset spring is connected with the sealing plug; when the sealing plug is subjected to the pressure from the interior of the fuel switcher, the sealing plug is tightly pressed with the rigid sealing ring, so that the valve body is in a closed state; when the sealing plug is pressed from the outside of the fuel switcher, the return spring is compressed, and the sealing plug and the rigid sealing ring are separated, so that the valve body is in an open state.
With reference to the first aspect and any one of the foregoing possible implementation manners of the first aspect, in a fourth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the gas supply device further includes a gas return pipeline, a gas return valve is disposed on the gas return pipeline, an outlet end of the gas return pipeline is communicated with an inlet end of the gas conveying fan, an inlet end of the gas return pipeline is communicated with the gas conveying pipeline, and an inlet end of the gas return pipeline is located between the gas shut-off valve and an outlet end of the gas conveying fan; the pulverized coal supply device further comprises a pulverized coal return pipeline, a pulverized coal return valve is arranged on the pulverized coal return pipeline, the outlet end of the pulverized coal return pipeline is communicated with the inlet end of the pulverized coal conveying fan, the inlet end of the pulverized coal return pipeline is communicated with the pulverized coal conveying pipeline, and the inlet end of the pulverized coal return pipeline is located between the pulverized coal shut-off valve and the outlet end of the pulverized coal conveying fan.
In combination with the second possible implementation manner of the first aspect, in a fifth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, a coal gas branch pipe regulating valve is respectively arranged on each of the N coal gas branch pipes, a coal powder branch pipe regulating valve is respectively arranged on each of the N coal powder branch pipes, and a nitrogen gas branch pipe regulating valve is respectively arranged on each of the N nitrogen gas branch pipes, so that each spray gun has a corresponding coal gas branch pipe regulating valve, coal powder branch pipe regulating valve and nitrogen gas branch pipe regulating valve to control fuel switching of a single spray gun.
In a second aspect, the present application provides a control method for a lime kiln, which is used in any one of the first to fourth possible implementation manners of the first aspect, and is configured to synchronously switch fuels of all injection guns from pulverized coal to gas, before switching, all valve bodies at pulverized coal inlets in a pulverized coal shutoff valve, a pulverized coal conveying fan and N fuel switches are in an open state, all valve bodies at coal gas inlets in a gas shutoff valve and N fuel switches are in a closed state, and a gas conveying fan is in a standby state, where the method includes:
sequentially closing the valve bodies and the pulverized coal cut-off valves at pulverized coal inlets in the N fuel switchers, and adjusting the pulverized coal conveying and blowing machine to a standby state;
the running frequency of the gas conveying fan is improved, and after the gas wind pressure meets the requirement of entering the kiln, the gas stop valve and the valve bodies at the gas inlets of the N fuel switchers are sequentially opened, so that the gas flows into the kiln chamber through the gas conveying pipeline, the gas ring pipe, the N gas branch pipes, the gas inlets and the fuel outlets of the N fuel switchers and the N spray guns in sequence;
and opening a combustion-supporting air cut-off valve, and adjusting the running frequency of a combustion-supporting fan to enable the combustion-supporting air quantity entering the kiln to be matched with the coal gas quantity, so that the switching process is finished.
With reference to the second aspect, in a first possible implementation manner of the second aspect, after the pulverized coal conveying fan is adjusted to the standby state and before the operating frequency of the gas conveying fan is increased, the method further includes: and opening the nitrogen stop valve and the valve body at the nitrogen inlet in the N fuel switchers, blowing residual coal powder in the N fuel switchers to the corresponding spray guns by the nitrogen, and sequentially closing the valve body at the nitrogen inlet in the N fuel switchers and the nitrogen stop valve.
With reference to the second aspect or the first possible implementation manner of the second aspect, in a second possible implementation manner of the second aspect, the method further includes: and opening the pulverized coal return valve while closing the pulverized coal cut-off valve.
With reference to the first possible implementation manner of the second aspect, in a third possible implementation manner of the second aspect, after the nitrogen shut-off valve and the valve bodies at the nitrogen inlets of the N fuel switchers are closed, and before the operating frequency of the gas conveying fan is increased, the method further includes: closing the gas return valve.
A third aspect, the present application provides a control method for a lime kiln, which is used in any one of the first to fourth possible implementation manners of the first aspect, and is configured to synchronously switch fuel of all spray guns from gas to pulverized coal, before switching, all valve bodies at gas inlets in a gas shut-off valve, a gas supply pipe, and N fuel switches are in an open state, all valve bodies at pulverized coal inlets in a pulverized coal shut-off valve and N fuel switches are in a closed state, and a pulverized coal supply fan is in a standby state, where the method includes:
sequentially closing valve bodies and gas stop valves at gas inlets in the N fuel switchers, and adjusting the gas conveying and supplying machine to a standby state;
the operation frequency of the pulverized coal conveying fan is improved, and after the pressure of pulverized coal reaches the requirement of entering the kiln, the pulverized coal cut-off valve and the valve bodies at the pulverized coal inlets of the N fuel switchers are sequentially opened, so that the pulverized coal flows into the kiln chamber through the pulverized coal conveying pipeline, the pulverized coal annular pipe, the N pulverized coal branch pipes, the pulverized coal inlets and the fuel outlets of the N fuel switchers and the N spray guns in sequence;
and opening a combustion-supporting air cut-off valve, and adjusting the running frequency of a combustion-supporting fan to enable the combustion-supporting air quantity entering the kiln to be matched with the pulverized coal quantity, so that the switching process is finished.
With reference to the third aspect, in a first possible implementation manner of the third aspect, after the coal gas conveying fan is adjusted to the standby state and before the operation frequency of the pulverized coal conveying fan is increased, the method further includes: and opening the valve bodies at the nitrogen inlet in the nitrogen stop valve and the N fuel switchers, blowing residual coal gas in the N fuel switchers to the corresponding spray guns by the nitrogen, and then closing the valve bodies at the nitrogen inlet in the N fuel switchers and the nitrogen stop valve in sequence.
With reference to the third aspect or the first possible implementation manner of the third aspect, in a second possible implementation manner of the third aspect, the method further includes: and opening the gas return valve while closing the gas stop valve.
With reference to the first possible implementation manner of the third aspect, in a third possible implementation manner of the third aspect, after the nitrogen shut-off valve and the valve body at the nitrogen inlet of the N fuel switches are closed, and before the increasing of the operating frequency of the pulverized coal conveying fan, the method further includes: and closing the coal powder return valve.
In a fourth aspect, the present application provides a control method for a lime kiln, for as the fifth possible implementation manner of the first aspect lime kiln, be used for switching the fuel of part spray gun into coal gas by the buggy, before the switching, the valve body of buggy trip valve, buggy conveying fan and N fuel switch in the buggy import department is the on-state, the coal gas trip valve, the nitrogen gas trip valve, the valve body of coal gas import department in N fuel switch and the valve body of nitrogen gas import department in N fuel switch are all the off-state, the coal gas conveying fan standby, N coal gas branch pipe governing valves, N coal powder branch pipe governing valves and N nitrogen gas branch pipe governing valves are the on-state, then the method includes:
acquiring the position and the switching number N of the spray gun needing to switch the fuelx，NxLess than the total number N of the spray guns;
turn off the rest of N-NxA gas branch pipe regulating valve and a nitrogen branch pipe regulating valve corresponding to each spray gun, and simultaneously, N of the parts is closedxA pulverized coal branch pipe regulating valve corresponding to each spray gun and a valve body at a pulverized coal inlet in the fuel switcher;
sequentially opening nitrogen cut-off valve and N of the positionxThe valve body at the nitrogen inlet of the fuel switcher corresponding to each spray gun sequentially closes N at the part after the nitrogen blows residual coal powder in the fuel switcher to the spray gunsxValve body and nitrogen gas at nitrogen gas inlet in fuel switcher corresponding to each spray gunA shut-off valve;
increasing the running frequency of the gas conveying fan, and opening the gas stop valve and the N of the part in sequence after the gas pressure reaches the requirement of entering the kilnxThe valve body at the gas inlet of the fuel switcher corresponding to each spray gun leads the gas to pass through the gas conveying pipeline, the gas ring pipe and the NxGas branch pipe, NxGas inlet and fuel outlet of a fuel switch, and NxThe spray gun flows into the kiln chamber;
and opening a combustion-supporting air cut-off valve, and adjusting the running frequency of a combustion-supporting fan to ensure that the combustion-supporting air quantity entering the kiln is matched with the total fuel quantity, thus finishing the switching process.
In a fifth aspect, the present application provides a control method for a lime kiln, which is used in the lime kiln according to the fifth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, and is used for switching fuel of part of spray guns into pulverized coal by gas, before switching, the valve bodies of gas inlets in a gas cut-off valve, a gas conveying fan and N fuel switches are in an open state, the valve bodies of the coal inlets in the coal gas cut-off valve, a nitrogen cut-off valve, N fuel switches and the valve bodies of the nitrogen inlets in N fuel switches are all in a closed state, the pulverized coal conveying fan is in standby state, N gas branch pipe regulating valves, N pulverized coal branch pipe regulating valves and N nitrogen branch pipe regulating valves are in an open state, and then the method comprises:
acquiring the position and the switching number N of the spray gun needing to switch the fuelx，NxLess than the total number N of the spray guns;
turn off the rest of N-NxA pulverized coal branch pipe regulating valve and a nitrogen branch pipe regulating valve corresponding to each spray gun, and simultaneously, closing N of the partsxA gas branch regulating valve corresponding to each spray gun and a valve body at a gas inlet in the fuel switcher;
sequentially opening nitrogen cut-off valve and N of the positionxThe valve body at the nitrogen inlet in the fuel switcher corresponding to each spray gun is used for sequentially closing N of the part after the nitrogen blows residual coal gas in the fuel switcher to the spray gunxA valve body and a nitrogen shut-off valve at the nitrogen inlet of the fuel switcher corresponding to each spray gun;
the operation frequency of the pulverized coal conveying fan is improved, and when the pulverized coal pressure reaches the requirement of entering the kiln, the pulverized coal cut-off valve and the N of the part are opened in sequencexThe valve body at the coal powder inlet of the fuel switcher corresponding to each spray gun makes the coal powder pass through the coal powder conveying pipeline, the coal powder ring pipe and the NxCoal dust branch pipe, NxPulverized coal inlet and fuel outlet of individual fuel switch, and NxThe spray gun flows into the kiln chamber;
and opening a combustion-supporting air cut-off valve, and adjusting the running frequency of a combustion-supporting fan to ensure that the combustion-supporting air quantity entering the kiln is matched with the total fuel quantity, thus finishing the switching process.
In the lime kiln and the control method thereof, a fuel on-line switching system is additionally arranged on the basis of the existing lime kiln structure, the fuel on-line switching system adopts a coal gas supply device and a coal powder supply device in parallel, and the fuel switching control of the lime kiln is realized through a fuel switcher. Specifically, taking the example of switching the fuel of all the spray guns from coal powder to coal gas, the valve bodies and the coal powder cut-off valves at the coal powder inlets of the N fuel switchers are required to be closed in sequence, and the coal powder conveying fan is returned to the standby state to completely cut off the coal powder supply pipeline, then the running frequency of the coal gas conveying fan is gradually increased from the standby state, so that the air pressure in the coal gas conveying pipeline is increased, after the air pressure of the coal gas reaches the kiln entering requirement, namely after the coal gas can be smoothly injected into the kiln chamber, the coal gas cut-off valves and the valve bodies at the coal gas inlets of the fuel switchers are opened in sequence, so that the coal powder supply pipeline is conducted, the coal gas flows out from the coal gas conveying fan, sequentially enters the coal gas conveying pipeline, the coal gas ring pipe, the coal gas inlets and the fuel outlets of the N fuel switchers into the N spray guns, thereby switching the fuel to gas.
The valve body is arranged at each fuel inlet inside the fuel switcher, only the valve body at one inlet is opened at the same time, and other valve bodies are in a closed state, so that coal gas entering a coal powder ring pipe or coal powder entering the coal gas ring pipe due to mutual communication between inlets is avoided, and fuel mixing caused by fuel backflow in a kiln chamber can be avoided, so that coal gas and coal powder are effectively cut off. The pulverized coal supply device and the coal gas supply device are combined and isolated through the fuel switcher, and the lime kiln fuel can be switched quickly, automatically and flexibly by controlling the opening and closing states of all valves in the lime kiln and the running state of the fan, so that the defects of single type of lime kiln heat supply fuel and poor production adaptability are overcome, and the on-line switching of the lime kiln fuel is really realized.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a lime kiln according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a fuel switch according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of another fuel switch according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of another lime kiln shown in the fourth embodiment of the present application.
Wherein, 1-a gas supply device, 11-a gas conveying fan, 12-a gas ring pipe, 13-a gas branch pipe, 14-a gas conveying pipeline, 15-a gas stop valve, 16-a gas return pipeline, 17-a gas return valve and 18-a gas branch pipe regulating valve; 2-pulverized coal supply device, 21-pulverized coal conveying fan, 22-pulverized coal ring pipe, 23-pulverized coal branch pipe, 24-pulverized coal conveying pipeline, 25-pulverized coal shut-off valve, 26-pulverized coal return pipeline, 27-pulverized coal return valve, 28-pulverized coal branch pipe regulating valve; 3-nitrogen purging device, 31-nitrogen compression tank, 32-nitrogen ring pipe, 33-nitrogen branch pipe, 34-nitrogen conveying pipeline, 35-nitrogen stop valve, 36-nitrogen branch pipe regulating valve; 4-fuel switcher, 41-coal gas inlet, 42-coal powder inlet, 43-nitrogen inlet, 44-fuel outlet, 45-valve body, 451-rigid sealing ring, 452-sealing plug, 453-return spring and 46-support steel body; 5-a spray gun; 6-combustion-supporting fan, 61-combustion-supporting air pipe and 611-combustion-supporting air cut-off valve; 7-kiln chamber; 8-a distributor.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the lime kiln according to the first embodiment of the present application includes a combustion fan 6 and a kiln chamber 7, the combustion fan 6 and the kiln chamber 7 are communicated with a combustion air pipe 61 through between, the combustion air pipe 61 is provided with a combustion air cut-off valve 611, and the top of the kiln chamber 7 is provided with a distributor 8. The lime kiln further comprises a fuel online switching system, the fuel online switching system further comprises a coal gas supply device 1, a coal powder supply device 2, N fuel switchers 4 and N spray guns 5, the fuel switchers 4 correspond to the spray guns 5 one by one, the spray guns 5 are communicated with a kiln chamber 7, only one group of fuel switchers 4 and one group of spray guns 5 are shown in figure 1, the connection structures of the rest N-1 groups of fuel switchers 4 and the other groups of spray guns 5 are the same, and therefore the connection structures are not shown in figure 1. The fuel switcher 4 is used for combining and isolating the coal gas supply device 1 and the coal powder supply device 2 from each other, so that the lime kiln can realize switching the fuel from coal gas to coal powder and switching the fuel from coal powder to coal gas, and mixed flow between the coal gas and the coal powder in the lime kiln can be avoided. Limestone raw materials are loaded into a kiln chamber 7 through a distributor 8, a spray gun 5 is used for spraying switched fuel (coal gas or coal powder) into the kiln chamber 7, then a combustion-supporting air cut-off valve 611 is opened, combustion-supporting air conveyed by a combustion-supporting fan 6 enters the kiln chamber 7 through a combustion-supporting air pipe 61, and the fuel is combusted to supply heat for calcining limestone so as to generate a lime finished product.
The gas supply device 1 comprises a gas conveying fan 11 and a gas ring pipe 12, the gas ring pipe 12 is communicated with N gas branch pipes 13, the gas conveying fan 11 is communicated with the gas ring pipe 12 through a gas conveying pipeline 14, and a gas stop valve 15 is arranged on the gas conveying pipeline 14. In the gas supply pipeline, a gas conveying fan 11, a gas conveying pipeline 14 and a gas ring pipe 12 form a gas main pipeline, and N gas branch circuits are generated from the gas ring pipe 12 and comprise a gas branch pipe 13, a fuel switcher 4 and a spray gun 5 which correspond to each other in sequence. When the gas cut-off valve 15 is in an open state and the gas conveying fan 11 normally works, the gas main pipeline is conducted, and the N gas branches are also conducted together, so that gas fuel is conveyed to the kiln chamber 7; when the gas stop valve 15 is in a closed state and the running frequency of the gas conveying fan 11 is lowered to a standby state, the whole gas supply pipeline is cut off, and gas is not supplied to the kiln chamber 7 at the moment.
The coal powder supply device 2 comprises a coal powder conveying fan 21 and a coal powder ring pipe 22, the coal powder ring pipe 22 is communicated with N coal powder branch pipes 23, the coal powder conveying fan 21 is communicated with the coal powder ring pipe 22 through a coal powder conveying pipeline 24, and a coal powder cut-off valve 25 is arranged on the coal powder conveying pipeline 24. In the coal powder supply pipeline, a coal powder conveying fan 21, a coal powder conveying pipeline 24 and a coal powder circular pipe 22 form a coal powder main pipeline, and N coal powder branches are generated from the coal powder circular pipe 22 and comprise a coal powder branch pipe 23, a fuel switcher 4 and a spray gun 5 which correspond to one another in sequence. When the coal dust cut-off valve 25 is in an open state and the coal dust conveying fan 21 normally works, the coal dust main pipeline is conducted, and the N coal dust branches are also conducted together, so that coal dust fuel is conveyed to the kiln chamber 7; when the coal dust cut-off valve 25 is in a closed state and the running frequency of the coal dust conveying fan 21 is low to a standby state, the whole coal dust supply pipeline is cut off, and at the moment, the coal dust is not supplied to the kiln chamber 7 any more.
Referring to fig. 2, each fuel switch 4 includes a gas inlet 41, a pulverized coal inlet 42 and a fuel outlet 44, the gas inlet 41 is communicated with the gas branch pipe 13, the pulverized coal inlet 42 is communicated with the pulverized coal branch pipe 23, and the fuel outlet 44 is communicated with the lance 5; the coal gas inlet 41 and the coal powder inlet 42 are respectively provided with a valve body 45. Taking the example of conveying coal powder to the kiln chamber 7, the valve body 45 at the coal powder inlet 42 is opened, and the valve body 45 at the coal gas inlet 41 is closed, so that the coal powder fuel from the coal powder branch pipe 23 is prevented from entering the coal gas supply pipeline through the coal gas inlet 41, and the coal powder and the coal gas are prevented from mixing. At this time, only the pulverized coal inlet 42 is communicated with the fuel outlet 44, and the pulverized coal flows in from the pulverized coal inlet 42, flows out from the fuel outlet 44, and then enters the lance 5. At the same time, only one of the coal gas inlet 41 and the pulverized coal inlet 42 is communicated with the fuel outlet 44, so that the pulverized coal and the coal gas are isolated. The valve body 45 may be a solenoid valve or other type of fluid control valve, and is not limited in this application.
Since the cross-sectional area of the fuel switch 4 is larger than the diameter of each inlet (the gas inlet 41, the pulverized coal inlet 42 and the nitrogen inlet 43), a small portion of the fuel may not be sufficiently discharged from the fuel outlet 44, resulting in a possibility of fuel remaining in the fuel switch 4. In addition, since the fuel outlet 44, the lance 5 and the kiln chamber 7 are communicated with each other, there may also occur a case where the fuel in the kiln chamber 7 flows back into the fuel switcher 4. For example, when it is required to switch the fuel of the lime kiln from the pulverized coal to the coal gas, because there may be residual pulverized coal in the fuel switcher 4, once the valve body 45 at the coal gas inlet 41 is opened, the residual pulverized coal may enter the coal gas supply pipeline from the coal gas inlet 41, resulting in the mixed flow of the coal gas and the pulverized coal, i.e. there is no effective isolation and cut-off of the coal gas and the pulverized coal. On one hand, if the mixed flow of the coal gas and the coal powder enters the kiln chamber 7, the combustion characteristics of the coal gas and the coal powder are different, the uniformity of the temperature distribution of a calcining zone in the kiln chamber 7 is influenced, and the product quality of the lime kiln is influenced; on the other hand, if the coal powder and the coal gas are mixed, explosion is also easily caused, so that potential safety hazards exist in the production of the lime kiln.
In contrast, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the fuel online switching system further includes a nitrogen purging device 3, the nitrogen purging device 3 includes a nitrogen compression tank 31 and a nitrogen ring pipe 32, the nitrogen ring pipe 32 is communicated with N nitrogen branch pipes 33, the nitrogen compression tank 31 and the nitrogen ring pipe 32 are communicated through a nitrogen conveying pipeline 34, and the nitrogen conveying pipeline 34 is provided with a nitrogen shut-off valve 35. The fuel switcher 4 further comprises a nitrogen inlet 43, the nitrogen inlet 43 is communicated with the nitrogen branch pipe 33, a valve body 45 is arranged at the nitrogen inlet 43, and only one of the coal gas inlet 41, the coal powder inlet 42 and the nitrogen inlet 43 is communicated with the fuel outlet 44 at the same moment by adjusting each valve body 45; when the nitrogen shut-off valve 35 and the valve body 45 at the nitrogen inlet 43 are opened, the residual gas or pulverized coal in the fuel switch 4 is blown into the lance 5 by the nitrogen gas.
In the nitrogen supply line, the nitrogen compression tank 31, the nitrogen delivery pipe 34, and the nitrogen loop 32 constitute a nitrogen main line, and N nitrogen branches including the nitrogen branch pipes 33, the fuel switch 4, and the lance 5 corresponding in sequence are generated from the nitrogen loop 32. When the nitrogen shut-off valve 35 is in an open state, the nitrogen main pipeline is conducted, the N nitrogen branches are also conducted together, the valve body 45 at the nitrogen inlet 43 in the N fuel switchers 4 is opened, and the nitrogen blows the residual fuel in the fuel switchers 4 into the spray gun 5 and returns to the kiln chamber 7 through the spray gun 5; after the purging is completed, the nitrogen shut-off valve 35 and the valve body 45 at the nitrogen inlet 43 are closed, the entire nitrogen supply line is shut off, the preceding work of the switching process is completed, and the fuel can be switched based on the aforementioned gas supply line or pulverized coal supply line. Because nitrogen is inert gas and has no flammability, the fuel is blown into the kiln chamber 7 by adopting nitrogen, the combustion of the fuel is not influenced, the explosion risk is avoided, the effective separation of coal powder and coal gas is realized by arranging the nitrogen blowing device, and the production safety of the lime kiln is improved.
In a preferred aspect of the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, the present embodiment provides a specific structure of a valve body 45, and unlike an electronic control valve, the valve body 45 includes a rigid sealing ring 451, a sealing plug 452, and a return spring 453; a fixed supporting steel body 46 is arranged in the center of the interior of the fuel switcher 4; the rigid sealing rings 451 are respectively fixed on the peripheries of the pipe orifices of the coal gas inlet 41, the coal powder inlet 42 and the nitrogen inlet 43; one end of the return spring 453 is connected to the support steel body 46, and the other end is connected to the sealing plug 452; when the sealing plug 452 receives pressure from the inside of the fuel switch 4, the sealing plug 452 is tightly pressed against the rigid sealing ring 451, so that the valve body 45 is in a closed state; when the sealing plug 452 receives pressure from the outside of the fuel switch 4, the return spring 453 is compressed, and the sealing plug 452 and the rigid seal ring 451 are separated, so that the valve body 45 is opened.
Taking the example of conveying the pulverized coal into the kiln chamber 7, the pulverized coal conveying air from the pulverized coal branch pipe 23 has a certain pressure, and when passing through the pulverized coal inlet 42, the sealing plug 452 is pushed from the outside, and the return spring 453 is compressed, so that the pulverized coal inlet 42 is opened, and the pulverized coal inlet 42 is communicated with the fuel outlet 44, therefore, for the valve body 45 at the pulverized coal inlet 42, the pressure of the pulverized coal conveying air from the pulverized coal branch pipe 23 on the sealing plug 452 belongs to the pressure from the outside of the fuel switcher 4; when the pulverized coal conveying air enters the inside of the fuel switch 4 from the pulverized coal inlet 42, the air pressure of the pulverized coal conveying air can make the sealing plugs 452 at the gas inlet 41 and the nitrogen inlet 43 press the rigid sealing rings 451, so as to ensure the tightness of the gas inlet 41 and the nitrogen inlet 43, and the sealing plugs 452 at the gas inlet 41 and the nitrogen inlet 43 are subjected to the pressure from the inside of the fuel switch 4.
Support steel body 46 and the position that sets up at fuel switch 4 is fixed, reset spring 453's one end is connected with support steel body 46, reset spring 453's the other end is connected with sealing plug 452, sealing plug 452 can move along with reset spring 453's flexible, after fuel delivery finishes, reset spring 453 resets and drives sealing plug 452 crimping rigidity sealing ring 451, thereby control opening and close of fuel inlet and nitrogen gas import, avoid intercommunication each other between each import. A rigid sealing ring 451 is arranged around each inlet, the diameter of the rigid sealing ring 451 being slightly larger than the diameter of the inlet, and the sealing plug 452 being dimensioned larger than the diameter of the rigid sealing ring 451 to ensure sealing performance of each inlet. If the rigid sealing ring 451 is not arranged, the sealing plug 452 directly blocks the inlet of the fuel switcher 4, the sealing performance of the surface contact sealing is poor, and the rigid sealing ring 451 and the sealing plug 452 are in a pressure connection mode, so that the valve body 45 has good sealing performance, and the fuel switching effect is ensured. The valve body shown in fig. 3 has a simple structure, can reduce the equipment cost of the lime kiln, automatically controls the opening and closing of the valve body 4 by spontaneously sensing the pressure from the inside and the outside of the fuel switcher 4 without sending an electric control signal for control, and improves the sealing performance and the control efficiency of the valve body 45.
When the fuel in the kiln chamber 7 flows back, the fuel may enter the inside of the fuel switch 4 from the fuel outlet 44, and then the sealing plugs 452 of the valve bodies 45 at the coal gas inlet 41, the coal powder inlet 42 and the nitrogen gas inlet 43 are all subjected to the pressure from the inside of the fuel switch 4, and are matched with the return spring 453, so that all three valve bodies 45 are in a closed state, and the three inlets of the fuel switch 4 have good sealing performance, thereby ensuring that the returned fuel cannot enter the coal gas branch pipe 13, the coal powder branch pipe 23 and the nitrogen gas branch pipe 33. When the fuel is switched, the returned fuel remaining in the fuel switch 4 may be blown back to the lance 5 by the nitrogen purge device and may be ejected back to the kiln chamber 7 from the lance 5.
When fuel is switched, taking the example of switching fuel from coal gas to coal powder, after the coal gas cut-off valve 15 is closed, the coal gas main pipeline is cut off, and the coal gas conveying fan 11 cannot stop operating suddenly, but the operating frequency needs to be gradually reduced to a standby state, so that the pressure of the coal gas conveying pipeline 14 between the coal gas cut-off valve 15 and the coal gas conveying fan 11 is increased, and the safety of a coal gas supply pipeline is further influenced. Similarly, the pulverized coal supply line has the same problem.
In view of this, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 1, the gas supply device 1 further includes a gas return pipeline 16, a gas return valve 17 is disposed on the gas return pipeline 16, an outlet end of the gas return pipeline 16 is communicated with an inlet end of the gas conveying fan 11, an inlet end of the gas return pipeline 16 is communicated with the gas conveying pipeline 14, and an inlet end of the gas return pipeline 16 is located between the gas shutoff valve 15 and the outlet end of the gas conveying fan 11, when the gas return valve 17 is opened, the gas conveying air can be circulated between the gas return pipeline 16 and the gas conveying fan 11 to release the pressure of the gas conveying fan 11, thereby ensuring the safety of the gas supply pipeline.
The pulverized coal supply device 2 further comprises a pulverized coal return pipeline 26, a pulverized coal return valve 27 is arranged on the pulverized coal return pipeline 26, the outlet end of the pulverized coal return pipeline 26 is communicated with the inlet end of the pulverized coal conveying fan 21, the inlet end of the pulverized coal return pipeline 26 is communicated with the pulverized coal conveying pipeline 24, the inlet end of the pulverized coal return pipeline 26 is located between the pulverized coal cut-off valve 25 and the outlet end of the pulverized coal conveying fan 21, when the pulverized coal return valve 27 is opened, pulverized coal conveying air can circularly flow between the pulverized coal return pipeline 26 and the pulverized coal conveying fan 21, so that the pressure of the pulverized coal conveying fan 21 is released, and therefore the safety of a pulverized coal supply pipeline is guaranteed.
Regarding the lime kiln described in the first embodiment, there are two control methods, one is to synchronously switch the fuel of all N injection guns 5 from coal powder to coal gas, or the other is to synchronously switch the fuel of all N injection guns 5 from coal gas to coal powder, and the two control methods will be described in the second and third embodiments below.
The second embodiment of the present application provides a control method of a lime kiln, which is directed at the lime kiln of the first embodiment, and is configured to synchronously switch fuel of all N lances from pulverized coal to coal gas, and before switching, pulverized coal is conveyed into a kiln chamber 7 by using a pulverized coal supply device 2, N fuel switchers 4, and N lances 5, so that a system state is as follows: the coal dust cut-off valve 25, the coal dust conveying fan 21 and the valve bodies 45 at the coal dust inlets 42 in the N fuel switchers 4 are all in an open state; the gas stop valve 15 and the valve body 45 at the gas inlet 41 in the N fuel switchers 4 are all in a closed state, and the gas conveying fan 11 is in a standby state; the nitrogen shut-off valve 35 and the valve body 45 at the nitrogen inlet 43 in the N fuel switches 4 are all in a closed state; the coal gas return valve 17 is in an open state and the pulverized coal return valve 27 is in a closed state.
Under the state of the system, when the fuel for simultaneously controlling the N spray guns is switched from coal powder to coal gas, the following program steps are required to be executed:
firstly, the valve body 45 and the coal dust cut-off valve 25 at the coal dust inlet 42 of the N fuel switchers 4 are sequentially closed, and the coal dust return valve 27 is simultaneously opened to adjust the coal dust conveyor fan 21 to a standby state. At this time, the whole coal powder supply pipeline is cut off, the system does not convey coal powder into the kiln chamber 7 any more, and the pressure of the coal powder conveying fan 21 is released by utilizing the backflow.
Secondly, the nitrogen shut-off valve 35 and the valve body 45 at the nitrogen inlet 43 of the N fuel switches 4 are opened in sequence, and after the nitrogen blows the residual pulverized coal inside the N fuel switches 4 to the corresponding spray guns 5, the nitrogen blowing process is ended, and the valve body 45 at the nitrogen inlet 43 of the N fuel switches 4 and the nitrogen shut-off valve 35 are closed in sequence. At this time, the residual coal powder in the N fuel switchers 4 is removed, so that the possibility of mixing of the coal powder and the coal gas in the switching process is effectively avoided, and the whole nitrogen supply pipeline can be cut off to prepare for subsequent coal gas conveying.
Thirdly, the gas return valve 17 is closed, the operating frequency of the gas conveying fan 11 is improved, after the gas wind pressure meets the requirement of entering the kiln, namely, after the gas can be ensured to be pumped into the kiln chamber 7 through the spray gun 5, the gas stop valve 15 and the valve body 45 at the gas inlet 41 of the N fuel switchers 4 are sequentially opened, so that the gas flows into the kiln chamber 7 through the gas conveying pipeline 14, the gas ring pipe 12, the N gas branch pipes 13, the gas inlet 41 and the fuel outlet 44 of the N fuel switchers 4 and the N spray guns 5 in sequence. By the method, the fuel in the N spray guns can be synchronously switched into the coal gas.
Fourthly, the combustion-supporting air cut-off valve 611 is opened, the operating frequency of the combustion-supporting fan 6 is adjusted, the combustion-supporting air quantity entering the kiln is matched with the coal gas quantity, and the switching process is finished.
The third embodiment of the present application provides a control method of a lime kiln, which is directed at the lime kiln of the first embodiment, and is configured to synchronously switch fuel of all N lances from coal gas to pulverized coal, and before switching, the pulverized coal is conveyed into a kiln chamber 7 by using a pulverized coal supply device 2, N fuel switchers 4, and N lances 5, so that a system state is as follows: the gas stop valve 15, the gas conveying fan 11 and the valve body 45 at the gas inlet 41 in the N fuel switchers 4 are all in an open state; the coal dust cut-off valve 25 and the valve body 45 at the coal dust inlet 42 in the N fuel switchers 4 are all in a closed state, and the coal dust conveying fan 21 is in a standby state; the nitrogen shut-off valve 35 and the valve body 45 at the nitrogen inlet 43 in the N fuel switches 4 are all in a closed state; the coal gas return valve 17 is in a closed state, and the pulverized coal return valve 27 is in an open state.
Under the state of the system, when the fuel for simultaneously controlling the N spray guns is switched from coal gas to coal powder, the following program steps are required to be executed:
firstly, the valve body 45 and the gas stop valve 15 at the gas inlet 41 of the N fuel switchers 4 are sequentially closed, and the gas return valve 17 is simultaneously opened to adjust the gas conveying fan 11 to a standby state. At this point the entire gas supply line is cut off and the system no longer delivers gas into the kiln chamber 7, while the return flow is used to release the pressure of the gas delivery blower 11.
Secondly, the nitrogen shut-off valve 35 and the valve body 45 at the nitrogen inlet 43 of the N fuel switches 4 are sequentially opened, and after the nitrogen blows the residual pulverized coal inside the fuel switches 4 to the spray gun 5, the nitrogen blowing process is finished, and the valve body 45 at the nitrogen inlet 43 of the N fuel switches 4 and the nitrogen shut-off valve 35 are sequentially closed. At this time, the residual coal powder in the N fuel switchers 4 is removed, so that the possibility of mixing of the coal powder and the coal gas in the switching process is effectively avoided, and the whole nitrogen supply pipeline can be cut off to prepare for subsequent coal powder conveying.
Thirdly, the coal powder return valve 27 is closed, the operation frequency of the coal powder conveying fan 21 is improved, when the pressure of the coal powder reaches the requirement of entering the kiln, namely, after the coal powder can be pumped into the kiln chamber 7 through the spray guns 5, the coal powder cut-off valve 25 and the valve body 45 at the coal powder inlet 42 of the N fuel switchers 4 are opened in sequence, so that the coal powder flows into the kiln chamber 7 through the coal powder conveying pipeline 24, the coal powder ring pipe 22, the N coal powder branch pipes 23, the coal powder inlet 42 and the fuel outlet 44 of the N fuel switchers 4 and the N spray guns 5 in sequence. In this way, the fuel in the N spray guns can be synchronously switched into the pulverized coal.
Fourthly, the combustion air cut-off valve 611 is opened, the operating frequency of the combustion fan 6 is adjusted, the combustion air quantity entering the kiln is matched with the pulverized coal quantity, and the switching process is finished.
For the lime kiln described in the first embodiment, when coal gas is delivered to the kiln chamber 7, the whole coal powder supply pipeline is cut off, and the coal powder return valve 27 is opened to release the pressure of the coal powder delivery fan 21, or when coal powder is delivered to the kiln chamber 7, the whole coal gas supply pipeline is cut off, and the coal gas return valve 17 is opened to release the pressure of the coal gas delivery fan 11, so that the fuel of the N injection guns is synchronously switched, and the fuel in the N injection guns is all coal gas or all coal powder. In practical application, especially for lime kilns built in steel plants, coal gas is used as a byproduct of processes of iron making, steel making and the like, although the cost is low, the supply is unstable, the gas quantity and the heat value of the coal gas are often fluctuated greatly, the production stability is difficult to ensure only by taking the coal gas as a single fuel, and the lime production cost is increased by only taking the coal powder as a single fuel, so that the coal gas and the coal powder can be used for compound heat supply.
In the first embodiment, the gas supply device 1 and the coal powder supply device 2 which are independent of each other share a spray gun group consisting of N spray guns 5, when gas is preferentially adopted for heat supply, when the gas pressure is too low due to large gas fluctuation, the pressure in the gas ring pipe and the pressure in the kiln chamber can be detected to determine whether to switch part of the N spray guns into the coal powder fuel, and the position of the spray gun for switching the coal powder fuel and the number N of the spray guns are obtainedx，NxLess than the total number N of the spray guns, so as to realize the composite uniform heat supply of the two fuels, and the specific implementation mode can refer to other patent documents filed on the same day as the application, which are not repeated in the specification of the application. The coal gas and pulverized coal compound heat supply mode not only requires that the fuels of N spray guns can be synchronously switched, but also requires that the fuel of a spray gun group can be switched and implemented to a certain spray gun 5 or a certain part of spray guns 5 by taking the single spray gun 5 as the minimum switching unit.
In this regard, as shown in fig. 4, the fourth embodiment of the present application provides another lime kiln, which is different from the lime kiln described in the first embodiment in that: the N coal gas branch pipes 13 are respectively provided with a coal gas branch pipe regulating valve 18, the N coal powder branch pipes 23 are respectively provided with a coal powder branch pipe regulating valve 28, and the N nitrogen branch pipes 33 are respectively provided with a nitrogen branch pipe regulating valve 36, so that each spray gun 5 is provided with the corresponding coal gas branch pipe regulating valve 18, coal powder branch pipe regulating valve 28 and nitrogen branch pipe regulating valve 36 to control the fuel switching of a single spray gun 5. The coal gas branch pipe regulating valve 18 can control the connection and disconnection of the coal gas branch pipe, the coal powder branch pipe regulating valve 28 can control the connection and disconnection of the coal powder branch pipe, and the nitrogen branch pipe regulating valve 36 can control the connection and disconnection of the nitrogen branch pipe, so that the switching process of the system is implemented to each spray gun 5, and the composite heat supply of coal gas and coal powder can be realized. Fig. 4 shows only the connection structure of one group of fuel switchers 4 to the lances 5 and the corresponding structural relationship of one group of lances 5 to the respective branch regulating valves, and the remaining N-1 groups of connections are the same and thus not shown in fig. 4. Specifically, for the lime kiln described in the fourth embodiment, there are at least two possible control methods, one is to switch the fuel of a part of the lances 5 from coal powder to coal gas, or the other is to switch the fuel of a part of the lances 5 from coal gas to coal powder, and the two control methods will be described in the fifth embodiment and the sixth embodiment, respectively.
The fifth embodiment of the present application provides a control method of a lime kiln, which is used for the lime kiln as in the fourth embodiment, wherein part of the fuel of the spray guns 5 is switched from coal powder to coal gas, before switching, the fuel of the spray guns 5 is coal powder, that is, single coal powder is adopted to supply heat, and at this time, the system state is as follows: the coal powder cut-off valve 25, the coal powder conveying fan 21 and the valve body 45 at the coal powder inlet 42 of the N fuel switchers 4 are in an open state, and the coal powder return valve 27 is in a closed state; the gas shut-off valve 15, the nitrogen shut-off valve 35, the valve bodies 45 at the gas inlets 41 of the N fuel switches 4, and the valve bodies 45 at the nitrogen inlets 43 of the N fuel switches 4 are all in a closed state; the gas conveying fan 11 is in a standby state, and the gas return valve 17 is in an open state; the N coal gas branch regulating valves 18, the N coal dust branch regulating valves 28 and the N nitrogen branch regulating valves 36 are all in an open state.
In the above system state, when controlling the N lances 5, and when the fuel of part of the lances is switched from pulverized coal to coal gas, the following program steps are required:
first, the position of the lance 5 requiring fuel switching and the number of switching N are obtainedx，NxLess than the total number of spray guns N. The step can be adaptively obtained according to the actual production working condition of the lime kiln, the distribution state of the N spray guns 5 and other factors.
Second, turn off the rest of N-NxThe gas branch pipe regulating valve 18 and the nitrogen branch pipe regulating valve 36 corresponding to each spray gun 5 are closed, and simultaneously, N at the part is closedxA pulverized coal branch pipe regulating valve 28 corresponding to each spray gun 5, and N for closing the partxEach lance 5 corresponds to a valve body 45 at the coal powder inlet 42 of the fuel switch 4.
For the remaining N-Nx A spray gun 5 passing throughAfter the two-step adjustment, the corresponding coal gas branch and the nitrogen branch are cut off, and only the coal powder branch is still conducted, so that the N-NxThe fuel medium sprayed by each spray gun 5 is still coal powder and cannot be influenced by subsequent nitrogen purging and coal gas switching, and the coal powder sequentially passes through a coal powder conveying pipeline 24, a coal powder ring pipe 22 and an N-N (nitrogen-nitrogen) ring pipexCoal dust branch pipes 23, N-NxPulverized coal inlet 42 and fuel outlet 44 of each fuel switch 4, and N-NxA lance 5, which flows into the kiln chamber 7. N for said sitexThe corresponding coal powder branch of each spray gun 5 is cut off, a nitrogen supply pipeline can be opened, and residual coal powder in the fuel switcher 4 is blown so as to ensure that the spray guns 5 cannot blow out mixed fuel of coal gas and coal powder.
Thirdly, the nitrogen shut-off valve 35 and the N of the part are opened in sequencexThe valve body 45 at the nitrogen inlet 43 of the fuel switcher 4 corresponding to each spray gun 5 is used for sequentially closing N at the part after the nitrogen blows the residual coal dust in the fuel switcher 4 to the spray guns 5xEach lance 5 corresponds to a valve body 45 and a nitrogen shut-off valve 35 at a nitrogen inlet 43 in the fuel switch 4. When the nitrogen shut-off valve 35 is opened, the nitrogen main pipeline is conducted, and nitrogen enters the N part of the part from the nitrogen ring pipe 32xN corresponding to each spray gun 5xA nitrogen branch is formed, and corresponding N isxBlowing residual coal powder in each fuel switcher 4 and sending the coal powder into each spray gun 5, cutting off nitrogen branches to prepare for subsequent N of the partxThe fuel of each lance 5 is switched to gas.
Fourthly, the running frequency of the gas conveying fan 11 is improved, and after the gas wind pressure reaches the requirement of entering the kiln, the gas stop valve 15 and the N of the part are opened in sequencexThe valve body 45 at the gas inlet 41 of the fuel switcher 4 corresponding to each spray gun 5 leads the gas to pass through the gas transmission pipeline 14, the gas ring pipe 12 and the N in sequencexA gas branch pipe 13, NxGas inlet 41 and fuel outlet 44 of individual fuel switch 4, and NxA lance 5, which flows into the kiln chamber 7.
The fuel on-line switching system provided with the gas return pipeline 16 and the gas return valve 17 in the embodiment I is improvedBefore the operating frequency of the gas supply fan 11, the gas return valve 17 needs to be closed. In this embodiment, the coal gas conveying fan 11 and the pulverized coal conveying fan 21 can be operated normally at the same time, and the coal gas conveying fan 11 is used for conveying the coal gas to the N position of the partxOne spray gun 5 is used for conveying coal gas, and the pulverized coal conveying fan 21 is used for conveying coal gas to another N-NxThe coal gas and coal powder composite heat supply can be realized because each spray gun 5 is provided with the corresponding coal gas branch pipe regulating valve 18, coal powder branch pipe regulating valve 28 and nitrogen branch pipe regulating valve 36, the coal gas supply device 1 and the coal powder supply device 2 can supply fuel simultaneously, and the mutual interference can not be generated.
Fifthly, the combustion air cut-off valve 611 is opened, the operating frequency of the combustion fan 6 is adjusted, the combustion air quantity entering the kiln is matched with the total fuel quantity, and the switching process is finished. The total fuel amount described here is NxGas delivery of individual lance 5 and N-NxThe total amount of pulverized coal transportation of the individual lances 5.
The sixth embodiment of the application provides a control method of a lime kiln, which is used for the lime kiln as described in the fourth embodiment, wherein part of the fuel of the spray guns 5 is switched from coal gas to coal powder, before switching, the fuel of the N spray guns 5 is coal gas, that is, single coal gas is adopted for heat supply, and at this time, the system state is as follows: the gas stop valve 15, the gas conveying fan 11 and the valve body 45 at the gas inlet 41 in the N fuel switchers 4 are in an open state, and the gas return valve 17 is in a closed state; the pulverized coal shut-off valve 25, the nitrogen shut-off valve 35, the valve bodies 45 at the pulverized coal inlets 42 of the N fuel switches 4, and the valve bodies 45 at the nitrogen inlets 43 of the N fuel switches 4 are all in a closed state; the pulverized coal conveying fan 21 is in a standby state, and the pulverized coal return valve 27 is in an open state; the N coal gas branch regulating valves 18, the N pulverized coal branch regulating valves 28, and the N nitrogen branch regulating valves 36 are all in an open state.
In the above system state, when the fuel of part of the lances is switched from coal gas to coal powder in controlling the N lances 5, the following program steps are required to be executed:
first, the position of the lance 5 requiring fuel switching and the number of switching N are obtainedx，NxLess than the total number of spray guns N. This step isCan be obtained adaptively according to the actual production working condition of the lime kiln, the distribution state of the N spray guns 5 and other factors.
Second, turn off the rest of N-NxThe coal powder branch pipe regulating valve 28 and the nitrogen gas branch pipe regulating valve 36 corresponding to each spray gun 5 are closed, and simultaneously, the N of the part is closedxA gas branch regulating valve 18 corresponding to each spray gun 5, and N for closing the partxEach lance 5 corresponds to a valve body 45 at the gas inlet 41 of the fuel switch 4.
For the remaining N-NxThe spray guns 5 are adjusted in the second step, the corresponding coal powder branch and the nitrogen branch are cut off, and only the coal gas branch is still conducted, so that the N-NxThe fuel medium sprayed by each spray gun 5 is still coal gas and cannot be influenced by subsequent nitrogen purging and switching to coal powder, and the coal gas sequentially passes through a coal gas conveying pipeline 14, a coal gas circular pipe 12 and N-NxA gas branch pipe 13, N-NxGas inlet 41 and fuel outlet 44 of each fuel switch 4, and N-NxA lance 5, which flows into the kiln chamber 7. N for said sitexThe corresponding gas branch of each spray gun 5 is cut off, a nitrogen supply pipeline can be opened, and residual gas in the fuel switcher 4 is purged, so that the spray guns 5 can not blow out mixed fuel of gas and coal powder.
Thirdly, the nitrogen shut-off valve 35 and the N of the part are opened in sequencexThe valve body 45 at the nitrogen inlet 43 of the fuel switcher 4 corresponding to each spray gun 5 is used for sequentially closing N at the part after the nitrogen blows residual coal gas in the fuel switcher 4 to the spray gun 5xEach lance 5 corresponds to a valve body 45 at the nitrogen inlet 43 of the fuel switch 4 and a nitrogen shut-off valve 35. When the nitrogen shut-off valve 35 is opened, the nitrogen main pipeline is conducted, and nitrogen enters the N part of the part from the nitrogen ring pipe 32xN corresponding to each spray gun 5xNitrogen branch is arranged, and corresponding N isxAfter residual gas in the fuel switcher 4 is blown and sent into the respective spray guns 5, the nitrogen branch can be cut off to prepare for subsequent N of the partxThe fuel of each lance 5 is switched to pulverized coal.
Fourthly, the operation frequency of the pulverized coal conveying fan 21 is increased when the coal is usedAfter the powder pressure reaches the requirement of entering the kiln, the coal powder cut-off valve 25 and the N of the part are opened in sequencexThe valve body 45 at the coal powder inlet 42 of the fuel switcher 4 corresponding to each spray gun 5 makes the coal powder pass through the coal powder conveying pipeline 24, the coal powder ring pipe 22 and the N in sequencexCoal dust branch pipes 23, NxPulverized coal inlet 42 and fuel outlet 44 of each fuel switch 4, and NxA lance 5, which flows into the kiln chamber 7.
For the fuel on-line switching system equipped with the pulverized coal return pipe 26 and the pulverized coal return valve 27 according to the first embodiment, the pulverized coal return valve 27 needs to be closed before the operation frequency of the pulverized coal conveyor fan 21 is increased. In this embodiment, the coal gas conveying fan 11 and the pulverized coal conveying fan 21 can be operated normally at the same time, and the pulverized coal conveying fan 21 is used for conveying the pulverized coal to the N of the partxThe spray guns 5 convey coal powder, and the coal gas conveying fan 11 conveys coal powder to another N-NxThe spray guns 5 are used for conveying coal gas, and each spray gun 5 is provided with the corresponding coal gas branch pipe regulating valve 18, coal powder branch pipe regulating valve 28 and nitrogen gas branch pipe regulating valve 36, so that the coal gas supply device 1 and the coal powder supply device 2 can supply fuel simultaneously, and mutual interference cannot be generated, and the coal gas and coal powder composite heat supply can be realized.
Fifthly, the combustion air cut-off valve 611 is opened, the operating frequency of the combustion fan 6 is adjusted, the combustion air quantity entering the kiln is matched with the total fuel quantity, and the switching process is finished. The total fuel amount described here is NxPulverized coal delivery and N-N of each lance 5xThe total amount of gas delivery of each lance 5.
In the above embodiments of the control method, the valve body 45 at the three inlets inside the fuel switcher 4 may adopt a valve body structure as shown in fig. 2, such as a conventional electromagnetic valve, or may also adopt a specially designed pressure-sensitive automatic regulating valve as shown in fig. 3, as long as the three inlets inside the fuel switcher 4 can be sealed and opened and closed. The lime kiln of embodiments one and four further comprises a computer control unit configured to perform the program steps of the control methods of embodiments two, three, five and six.
It should be noted that, the lime kiln described in the first embodiment and the fourth embodiment is not limited to the several control methods enumerated in this application, and when the lime kiln actually supplies heat, a person skilled in the art can flexibly control the opening and closing states of the valves and the operation state of the fan involved in the fuel on-line switching system, so as to achieve a desired fuel switching effect.
It is clear to those skilled in the art that the techniques of the embodiments of the present application can be implemented by software and various physical devices in a lime kiln. In a specific implementation, the present application further provides a computer storage medium, wherein the computer storage medium may store a program, and when the program is executed, the program may include some or all of the steps in the control method embodiment of the lime kiln provided by the present application. The storage medium may be a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a read-only memory (ROM) or a Random Access Memory (RAM).
The same and similar parts in the various embodiments are referred to each other in this specification.
The above-described embodiments of the present application do not limit the scope of the present invention.

Claims (15)

1. A lime kiln comprises a combustion fan (6) and a kiln chamber (7), wherein a combustion air pipe (61) is communicated between the combustion fan (6) and the kiln chamber (7), and a combustion air cut-off valve (611) is arranged on the combustion air pipe (61), and the lime kiln is characterized by further comprising an online fuel switching system, wherein the online fuel switching system comprises a coal gas supply device (1), a pulverized coal supply device (2), N fuel switches (4) and N spray guns (5), the fuel switches (4) correspond to the spray guns (5) one by one, and the spray guns (5) are communicated with the kiln chamber (7); the coal gas supply device (1) comprises a coal gas conveying fan (11) and a coal gas ring pipe (12), the coal gas ring pipe (12) is communicated with N coal gas branch pipes (13), the coal gas conveying fan (11) is communicated with the coal gas ring pipe (12) through a coal gas conveying pipeline (14), and a coal gas stop valve (15) is arranged on the coal gas conveying pipeline (14); the pulverized coal supply device (2) comprises a pulverized coal conveying fan (21) and a pulverized coal ring pipe (22), the pulverized coal ring pipe (22) is communicated with N pulverized coal branch pipes (23), the pulverized coal conveying fan (21) is communicated with the pulverized coal ring pipe (22) through a pulverized coal conveying pipeline (24), and a pulverized coal shut-off valve (25) is arranged on the pulverized coal conveying pipeline (24); each fuel switcher (4) comprises a coal gas inlet (41), a coal powder inlet (42) and a fuel outlet (44), the coal gas inlet (41) is communicated with the coal gas branch pipe (13), the coal powder inlet (42) is communicated with the coal powder branch pipe (23), and the fuel outlet (44) is communicated with the spray gun (5); the coal gas inlet (41) and the coal powder inlet (42) are respectively provided with a valve body (45);
the valve body (45) comprises a rigid sealing ring (451), a sealing plug (452) and a return spring (453); a fixed supporting steel body (46) is arranged in the center of the interior of the fuel switcher (4); the rigid sealing rings (451) are respectively fixed on the peripheries of the pipe orifices of the coal gas inlet (41), the coal powder inlet (42) and the nitrogen inlet (43); one end of the return spring (453) is connected with the supporting steel body (46), and the other end of the return spring is connected with the sealing plug (452); when the sealing plug (452) receives pressure from the inside of the fuel switcher (4), the sealing plug (452) is tightly pressed with the rigid sealing ring (451), so that the valve body (45) is in a closed state; when the sealing plug (452) receives pressure from the outside of the fuel switch (4), the return spring (453) is compressed, and the sealing plug (452) and the rigid sealing ring (451) are separated, so that the valve body (45) is in an open state.
2. The lime kiln according to claim 1, wherein the fuel on-line switching system further comprises a nitrogen purging device (3), the nitrogen purging device (3) comprises a nitrogen compression tank (31) and a nitrogen ring pipe (32), the nitrogen ring pipe (32) is communicated with N nitrogen branch pipes (33), the nitrogen compression tank (31) and the nitrogen ring pipe (32) are communicated through a nitrogen conveying pipeline (34), and a nitrogen shut-off valve (35) is arranged on the nitrogen conveying pipeline (34).
3. The lime kiln according to claim 2, characterized in that the fuel switch (4) further comprises a nitrogen inlet (43), the nitrogen inlet (43) is communicated with the nitrogen branch pipe (33), a valve body (45) is arranged at the nitrogen inlet (43), and only one of the coal gas inlet (41), the coal powder inlet (42) and the nitrogen inlet (43) is communicated with the fuel outlet (44) at the same time by adjusting each valve body (45); when the nitrogen shut-off valve (35) and the valve body (45) at the nitrogen inlet (43) are opened, the residual coal gas or coal powder in the fuel switcher (4) is blown into the spray gun (5) by the nitrogen.
4. The lime kiln according to claims 1-3, characterized in that the gas supply device (1) further comprises a gas return line (16), a gas return valve (17) is arranged on the gas return line (16), the outlet end of the gas return line (16) is communicated with the inlet end of the gas conveying fan (11), the inlet end of the gas return line (16) is communicated with the gas conveying line (14), and the inlet end of the gas return line (16) is located between the gas shut-off valve (15) and the outlet end of the gas conveying fan (11), when the gas return valve (17) is opened, the gas conveying air is circulated between the gas return line (16) and the gas conveying fan (11) to release the pressure of the gas conveying fan (11);
the coal powder supply device (2) further comprises a coal powder return pipeline (26), a coal powder return valve (27) is arranged on the coal powder return pipeline (26), the outlet end of the coal powder return pipeline (26) is communicated with the inlet end of the coal powder conveying fan (21), the inlet end of the coal powder return pipeline (26) is communicated with the coal powder conveying pipeline (24), the inlet end of the coal powder return pipeline (26) is located between a coal powder stop valve (25) and the outlet end of the coal powder conveying fan (21), and when the coal powder return valve (27) is opened, coal powder conveying air circularly flows between the coal powder return pipeline (26) and the coal powder conveying fan (21) to release the pressure of the coal powder conveying fan (21).
5. The lime kiln according to claim 3, characterized in that N gas branch pipes (13) are respectively provided with a gas branch pipe regulating valve (18), N coal dust branch pipes (23) are respectively provided with a coal dust branch pipe regulating valve (28), and N nitrogen branch pipes (33) are respectively provided with a nitrogen branch pipe regulating valve (36), so that each lance (5) is provided with a corresponding gas branch pipe regulating valve (18), coal dust branch pipe regulating valve (28) and nitrogen branch pipe regulating valve (36) to control fuel switching of a single lance (5).
6. A control method of a lime kiln according to any of claims 1-4, for synchronously switching the fuel of all the lances from pulverized coal to gas, before switching, all the valve bodies at the pulverized coal inlets of the pulverized coal shut-off valve, the pulverized coal conveying fan and the N fuel switches are in an open state, all the valve bodies at the coal gas inlets of the coal gas shut-off valve and the N fuel switches are in a closed state, and the gas conveying fan is in a standby state, characterized in that the method comprises:
sequentially closing the valve bodies and the pulverized coal cut-off valves at pulverized coal inlets in the N fuel switchers, and adjusting the pulverized coal conveying and blowing machine to a standby state;
the running frequency of the gas conveying fan is improved, and after the gas wind pressure meets the requirement of entering the kiln, the gas stop valve and the valve bodies at the gas inlets of the N fuel switchers are sequentially opened, so that the gas flows into the kiln chamber through the gas conveying pipeline, the gas ring pipe, the N gas branch pipes, the gas inlets and the fuel outlets of the N fuel switchers and the N spray guns in sequence;
and opening a combustion-supporting air cut-off valve, and adjusting the running frequency of a combustion-supporting fan to enable the combustion-supporting air quantity entering the kiln to be matched with the coal gas quantity, so that the switching process is finished.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein after adjusting the pulverized coal handling fan to a standby state, and prior to increasing the operating frequency of the gas handling fan, the method further comprises: the valve body of nitrogen gas import department in nitrogen gas trip valve and the N fuel switch of opening in proper order, blow the inside remaining buggy of N fuel switch at nitrogen gas and send to corresponding spray gun after, close valve body and the nitrogen gas trip valve of nitrogen gas import department in the N fuel switch in proper order.
8. The method of claim 6, further comprising: and opening the pulverized coal return valve while closing the pulverized coal cut-off valve.
9. The method of claim 7, wherein after closing the nitrogen shut-off valve and the valve body at the nitrogen inlet of the N fuel switches, and before increasing the operating frequency of the gas transfer blower, the method further comprises: closing the gas return valve.
10. A control method of a lime kiln according to any of claims 1-4, used for synchronously switching the fuel of all the lances from gas to pulverized coal, before switching, all the valve bodies at the gas inlets of the gas shut-off valve, the gas supply air and the N fuel switches are in an open state, all the valve bodies at the pulverized coal inlets of the pulverized coal shut-off valve and the N fuel switches are in a closed state, and the pulverized coal conveying fan is in a standby state, characterized in that the method comprises:
sequentially closing valve bodies and gas stop valves at gas inlets in the N fuel switchers, and adjusting the gas conveying and supplying machine to a standby state;
the operation frequency of the pulverized coal conveying fan is improved, and after the pressure of pulverized coal reaches the requirement of entering the kiln, the pulverized coal cut-off valve and the valve bodies at the pulverized coal inlets of the N fuel switchers are sequentially opened, so that the pulverized coal flows into the kiln chamber through the pulverized coal conveying pipeline, the pulverized coal annular pipe, the N pulverized coal branch pipes, the pulverized coal inlets and the fuel outlets of the N fuel switchers and the N spray guns in sequence;
and opening a combustion-supporting air cut-off valve, and adjusting the running frequency of a combustion-supporting fan to enable the combustion-supporting air quantity entering the kiln to be matched with the pulverized coal quantity, so that the switching process is finished.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein after adjusting the coal gas conveying fan to a standby state and before increasing the operating frequency of the coal powder conveying fan, the method further comprises: open the valve body of nitrogen gas import department among nitrogen gas trip valve and the N fuel switch in proper order, blow the remaining coal gas of N fuel switch insidely to corresponding spray gun after nitrogen gas, close valve body and nitrogen gas trip valve of nitrogen gas import department among the N fuel switch in proper order.
12. The method of claim 10, further comprising: and opening the gas return valve while closing the gas stop valve.
13. The method of claim 11, wherein after closing the nitrogen shut-off valve and the valve body at the nitrogen inlet of the N fuel switches, and before the increasing the operating frequency of the pulverized coal conveying fan, the method further comprises: and closing the coal powder return valve.
14. A control method of a lime kiln according to claim 5, for switching part of the fuel of the lance from pulverized coal to gas, before switching, the valve bodies at the pulverized coal inlet in the pulverized coal cut-off valve, the pulverized coal conveying fan and the N fuel switches are in an open state, the valve bodies at the pulverized coal inlet in the pulverized coal cut-off valve, the nitrogen cut-off valve, the N fuel switches and the valve body at the nitrogen inlet in the N fuel switches are all in a closed state, the coal conveying fan is in standby state, and the N coal gas branch pipe regulating valves, the N pulverized coal branch pipe regulating valves and the N nitrogen branch pipe regulating valves are in an open state, characterized in that the method comprises:
acquiring the position and the switching number N of the spray gun needing to switch the fuelx，NxLess than the total number N of the spray guns;
turn off the rest of N-NxA gas branch pipe regulating valve and a nitrogen branch pipe regulating valve corresponding to each spray gun, and simultaneously, closing N of the partsxA pulverized coal branch pipe regulating valve corresponding to each spray gun and a valve body at a pulverized coal inlet in the fuel switcher;
sequentially opening nitrogen cut-off valve and N of the positionxThe valve body at the nitrogen inlet of the fuel switcher corresponding to each spray gun sequentially closes N at the part after the nitrogen blows residual coal powder in the fuel switcher to the spray gunsxA valve body and a nitrogen shut-off valve at the nitrogen inlet of the fuel switcher corresponding to each spray gun;
increasing the running frequency of the gas conveying fan, and opening the gas stop valve and the N of the part in sequence after the gas pressure reaches the requirement of entering the kilnxThe valve body at the gas inlet of the fuel switcher corresponding to each spray gun leads the gas to pass through the gas conveying pipeline, the gas ring pipe and the NxGas branch pipe, NxGas inlet and fuel outlet of a fuel switch, and NxSpray gunAnd flows into the kiln chamber;
and opening a combustion-supporting air cut-off valve, and adjusting the running frequency of a combustion-supporting fan to ensure that the combustion-supporting air quantity entering the kiln is matched with the total fuel quantity, thus finishing the switching process.
15. A control method of a lime kiln as claimed in claim 5, for switching part of the fuel of the lance from gas to pulverized coal, before switching, the valve bodies at the gas inlets in the gas shut-off valve, the gas conveying fan and the N fuel switches are in an open state, the valve bodies at the coal powder inlets in the N fuel switches and the valve bodies at the nitrogen inlets in the N fuel switches are all in a closed state, the pulverized coal conveying fan is in standby state, and the N gas branch regulating valves, the N pulverized coal branch regulating valves and the N nitrogen branch regulating valves are in an open state, characterized in that the method comprises:
acquiring the position and the switching number N of the spray gun needing to switch the fuelx，NxLess than the total number N of the spray guns;
turn off the rest of N-NxA pulverized coal branch pipe regulating valve and a nitrogen branch pipe regulating valve corresponding to each spray gun, and simultaneously, closing N of the partsxA gas branch regulating valve corresponding to each spray gun and a valve body at a gas inlet in the fuel switcher;
sequentially opening nitrogen cut-off valve and N of the positionxThe valve body at the nitrogen inlet of the fuel switcher corresponding to each spray gun is used for sequentially closing N of the part after the nitrogen blows residual coal gas in the fuel switcher to the spray gunxA valve body and a nitrogen shut-off valve at the nitrogen inlet of the fuel switcher corresponding to each spray gun;
the running frequency of the pulverized coal conveying fan is improved, and after the pulverized coal pressure reaches the requirement of entering the kiln, the pulverized coal cut-off valve and the N of the part are opened in sequencexThe valve body at the coal powder inlet of the fuel switcher corresponding to each spray gun makes the coal powder pass through the coal powder conveying pipeline, the coal powder ring pipe and the NxCoal dust branch pipe, NxPulverized coal inlet and fuel outlet of individual fuel switch, and NxThe spray gun flows into the kiln chamber;
and opening a combustion-supporting air cut-off valve, and adjusting the running frequency of a combustion-supporting fan to ensure that the combustion-supporting air quantity entering the kiln is matched with the total fuel quantity, thus finishing the switching process.
CN201910340952.0A 2019-04-25 2019-04-25 Lime kiln and control method thereof Active CN111854458B (en)

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CN114249548B (en) * 2021-12-15 2022-11-08 广西柳州钢铁集团有限公司 Method for stably blending fuel in gas double-hearth kiln

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