CN111854449A - Scrap steel preheating device and preheating method - Google Patents
Scrap steel preheating device and preheating method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN111854449A CN111854449A CN202010864174.8A CN202010864174A CN111854449A CN 111854449 A CN111854449 A CN 111854449A CN 202010864174 A CN202010864174 A CN 202010864174A CN 111854449 A CN111854449 A CN 111854449A
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- Prior art keywords
- ladle
- burner
- scrap
- steel
- preheating
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D13/00—Apparatus for preheating charges; Arrangements for preheating charges
- F27D13/002—Preheating scrap
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/52—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/56—Manufacture of steel by other methods
- C21C5/562—Manufacture of steel by other methods starting from scrap
- C21C5/565—Preheating of scrap
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Furnace Details (AREA)
- Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a scrap steel preheating device and a preheating method, belonging to the technical field of ferrous metallurgy.A scrap steel preheating device comprises a ladle with an opening at the top and a ladle cover arranged at the opening of the ladle, wherein a burner which can extend into the ladle is arranged on the ladle cover and is connected with a fuel pipeline, an oxygen pipeline and an air pipeline so as to enable the burner to adopt air and/or oxygen for combustion supporting; a smoke exhaust pipeline is also arranged on the ladle cover, and a smoke temperature detection device is arranged on the smoke exhaust pipeline; when the scrap steel is preheated, adding the scrap steel to be preheated into a steel ladle for multiple times, and preheating the scrap steel to a set temperature through a burner after adding the scrap steel every time. According to the invention, the burner is connected with the fuel pipeline, the oxygen pipeline and the air pipeline, so that double combustion supporting of the burner is realized; by adopting different heating modes in different heating stages, not only is fuel saved to the maximum extent, but also the heating speed is improved, and the scrap steel preheating cost is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ferrous metallurgy, and relates to a scrap steel preheating device and a scrap steel preheating method.
Background
China is a big country for steel production, and the steel yield is the first world for years. In recent years, with the increasing supply of steel, the release amount of scrap steel is increasing, the use proportion of the scrap steel in domestic steel making is increasing, and the data show that the proportion of the scrap steel in 2019 is more than 20%.
Compared with the traditional long flow of the converter, the short flow of the electric furnace steelmaking has the advantages of investment, energy conservation, environmental protection and the like, so the electric furnace steelmaking is inevitably the development trend of the industry in the future along with the continuous increase of the steel scrap reserves in China.
The electric furnace is divided into an intermediate frequency furnace, an electric arc furnace, a resistance furnace and the like, and scrap steel is heated and melted by adopting modes of electromagnetism, electric arc, conductor impedance and the like, so that the main production cost of electric furnace steelmaking is power consumption, and the power consumption of each ton of steel reaches 400-600 kw.h.
In addition, the scrap steel needs to be heated from normal temperature to the melting temperature, and the process needs a long time. The comprehensive thermal efficiency of the electric furnace is not high due to the influence of the conversion efficiency of primary energy into electric energy. At the same time, steelmaking throughput is limited by the heating rate.
The scrap steel preheating is a method capable of solving the problems, but the prior scrap steel preheating has the problems of high energy consumption, non-uniform preheating, low preheating temperature and low speed.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, an object of the present application is to provide a scrap preheating device and a scrap preheating method, so as to solve the problem of high energy consumption in scrap preheating.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a scrap steel preheating device comprises a ladle with an opening at the top and a ladle cover arranged at the opening of the ladle, wherein a burner which can extend into the ladle is arranged on the ladle cover and is connected with a fuel pipeline, an oxygen pipeline and an air pipeline so as to enable the burner to adopt air and/or oxygen for combustion supporting; the steel ladle cover is also provided with a smoke exhaust pipeline, and the smoke exhaust pipeline is provided with a smoke temperature detection device.
Optionally, the steel ladle cover bracket comprises a fixing piece positioned on one side of the steel ladle and a connecting rod rotatably connected to the fixing piece, and the other section of the connecting rod is fixedly connected with the steel ladle cover.
Optionally, the burner is located in the center of the ladle cover.
Optionally, a plurality of burners are arranged on the ladle cover, and the burners are uniformly distributed on a concentric circle concentric with the ladle cover.
Optionally, the burner is eccentrically arranged relative to the ladle cover, a rotating device capable of rotating around the axial lead of the ladle cover is arranged on the ladle cover, and the burner is arranged on the rotating device.
Optionally, the rotating device includes a rotating member and a motor disposed on the steel ladle cover, the upper portion of the rotating member is provided with a driven wheel concentric with the rotating member, an output shaft of the motor is provided with a driving wheel meshed with the driven wheel, the burner is disposed on the rotating member, the lower portion of the rotating member is provided with a connecting portion matched with an annular hole disposed on the steel ladle cover, and the burner rotates around an axial lead of the steel ladle cover under the driving of the motor along with the rotating member.
Optionally, the steel ladle support further comprises a steel ladle support, the steel ladle support comprises a base located at the bottom of the steel ladle, limiting parts arranged on two sides of the steel ladle relatively, and casters arranged on the base, and the limiting parts are fixedly connected with the base.
The scrap steel preheating method is characterized in that the scrap steel to be preheated is added into a steel ladle for multiple times by applying the scrap steel preheating device, and the scrap steel is preheated to a set temperature through a burner after the scrap steel is added every time.
Optionally, when the exhaust gas temperature is less than or equal to T1, the burner is used for supporting combustion by air; when the exhaust gas temperature is higher than T1, the burner is assisted by oxygen-enriched or pure oxygen.
Alternatively, T1 is from 500 ℃ to 700 ℃.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the invention, the burner is connected with the fuel pipeline, the oxygen pipeline and the air pipeline, so that double combustion supporting of the burner is realized, and different heating modes are adopted in different heating stages, so that the fuel is saved to the maximum extent, the heating speed is increased, and the waste steel preheating cost is reduced.
2. The invention realizes layered preheating by adding the scrap steel for multiple times, and improves the temperature uniformity of scrap steel preheating.
3. According to the invention, the plurality of burners are arranged on the ladle cover, so that the preheating uniformity of the scrap steel is improved, and the preheating speed of the scrap steel is also improved.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention may be realized and attained by the means of the instrumentalities and combinations particularly pointed out hereinafter.
Drawings
For the purposes of promoting a better understanding of the objects, aspects and advantages of the invention, reference will now be made to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a scrap preheating apparatus according to the present invention.
Reference numerals: the device comprises a base 1, casters 11, a limiting piece 12, a ladle 2, a lifting lug 21, a ladle cover 3, a burner 31, a fuel pipeline 32, an oxygen pipeline 33, an air pipeline 34, a smoke exhaust pipeline 35, a smoke temperature detection device 36, a ladle cover bracket 37 and scrap steel 4.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to specific embodiments, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will be easily understood by those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present specification. The invention is capable of other and different embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways, and its several details are capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. It should be noted that the drawings provided in the following embodiments are only for illustrating the basic idea of the present invention in a schematic way, and the features in the following embodiments and examples may be combined with each other without conflict.
Wherein the showings are for the purpose of illustrating the invention only and not for the purpose of limiting the same, and in which there is shown by way of illustration only and not in the drawings in which there is no intention to limit the invention thereto; to better illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, some parts of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the size of an actual product; it will be understood by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted.
The same or similar reference numerals in the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention correspond to the same or similar components; in the description of the present invention, it should be understood that if there is an orientation or positional relationship indicated by terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", etc., based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, it is only for convenience of description and simplification of description, but it is not an indication or suggestion that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and therefore, the terms describing the positional relationship in the drawings are only used for illustrative purposes, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention, and the specific meaning of the terms may be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
Referring to fig. 1, a scrap preheating device comprises a ladle 2 with an opening at the top and a ladle cover 3 arranged at the opening of the ladle, wherein a burner 31 capable of extending into the ladle 2 is arranged on the ladle cover 3, and the burner 31 is connected with a fuel pipeline 32, an oxygen pipeline 33 and an air pipeline 34, so that the burner 31 can be used for supporting combustion by air and/or oxygen; the steel ladle cover 3 is also provided with a smoke exhaust pipeline 35, and the smoke exhaust pipeline 35 is provided with a smoke temperature detection device 36.
In order to open the ladle cover 3 conveniently, the invention is also provided with a ladle cover bracket 37, the ladle cover bracket 37 comprises a fixing piece positioned on one side of the ladle 2 and a connecting rod rotatably connected on the fixing piece, the other section of the connecting rod is fixedly connected with the ladle cover 3, the fixing piece can be directly fixed on the ground, and the fixing piece is also provided with a baffle plate for limiting the rotation angle of the ladle cover 3.
Preferably, the burner 31 is located in the center of the ladle cover 3.
In order to improve the uniformity of scrap preheating, the burner 31 of the invention is eccentrically arranged relative to the ladle cover 3, and the burner 31 is arranged in a mode of rotating around the axial lead of the ladle cover 3, and the specific arrangement mode is as follows: the ladle cover 3 is provided with a rotating device, the position of the ladle cover 3 relative to the burner is provided with an annular hole concentric with the ladle cover 3, the rotating device comprises an annular rotating part and a motor fixed on the ladle cover 3, the upper part of the rotating part is provided with a driven wheel concentric with the rotating part, and an output shaft of the motor is provided with a driving wheel meshed with the driven wheel; the burner 31 is arranged on the rotating member, the lower part of the rotating member is provided with a connecting part matched with the annular hole, the connecting part is positioned in the annular hole, and the burner 31 rotates around the axial lead of the steel ladle cover 3 along with the rotating member under the driving of the motor.
The invention can also improve the preheating uniformity by arranging a plurality of burners 31 on the ladle cover 3, and preferably, the burners 31 are uniformly distributed on a concentric circle concentric with the ladle cover 3. The arrangement mode can improve the preheating uniformity of the scrap steel and the preheating speed of the scrap steel.
Preferably, the ladle support is further included, the ladle support comprises a base 1 located at the bottom of the ladle, limiting pieces 12 oppositely arranged on two sides of the ladle, and casters 11 arranged on the base 1, and the limiting pieces 12 are fixedly connected with the base 1.
A scrap steel preheating method applies the scrap steel preheating device, adds scrap steel 4 to be preheated into a steel ladle 2 for multiple times, and preheats the scrap steel to a set temperature through a burner 31 after adding the scrap steel 4 each time.
In order to reduce the heating cost, when the exhaust gas temperature is less than or equal to T1, the burner 31 adopts air to support combustion; when the exhaust gas temperature is higher than T1, the burner 31 uses oxygen-enriched or pure oxygen to support combustion.
Preferably, T1 is from 500 ℃ to 700 ℃.
Example 1
The utility model provides a scrap steel preheating device, includes base 1, ladle 2, ladle lid 3, ladle 2 is used for placing scrap steel 4, base 1 is used for supporting ladle 2, is provided with locating part 12 on the base 1, ladle lid 3 sets up the top at ladle 2, is provided with nozzle 31 on the ladle lid 3, and nozzle 31 is two combustion-supporting for air oxygen boosting, still is provided with exhaust pipe 35 on the ladle lid 3, is provided with the smoke temperature detection device 36 that is used for detecting exhaust gas temperature on the exhaust pipe 35, and smoke temperature detection device 36 is temperature sensor.
Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
in this embodiment, the base 1 of the scrap steel preheating device is provided with a stopper 12 and a caster 11. One end of the limiting piece 12 is connected with the base 1, and the other end is used for limiting the movement of the ladle 2 in the horizontal direction of the base 1; the caster 11 is arranged below the base 1, so that the base 1 and the ladle 2 can move conveniently.
In the embodiment, the ladle 2 of the scrap steel preheating device is placed on the base 1, so that the ladle 2 is positioned in the limiting part 12 on the base 1 and cannot independently move horizontally, the inner cavity of the ladle 2 is used for placing the scrap steel 4, and the lifting lug 21 for lifting and overturning the ladle 2 is arranged on the ladle 2.
The ladle cover 3 of the scrap steel preheating device of the embodiment is positioned above the ladle 2, the ladle cover 3 is provided with the burner 31 for preheating the scrap steel 4, the number of the burner 31 can be 1 or more, the outlet of the burner 31 faces to the inner cavity of the ladle 2, the burner 31 is connected with a fuel pipeline 32, an oxygen pipeline 33 and an air pipeline 34, and the burner 31 adopts an air/oxygen double combustion-supporting mode. The steel ladle cover 3 is also provided with a smoke exhaust pipeline 35, and the smoke exhaust pipeline 35 is provided with a temperature detection device 36. The ladle cover 3 is connected with a ladle cover bracket 37, one end of the ladle cover bracket 37 is connected with the ladle cover 3, the other end is fixed on the ground, and the ladle cover bracket 37 enables the ladle cover 3 to be opened or closed relative to the ladle 2.
Example 2
A scrap steel preheating method comprises the following steps: placing an empty ladle 2 in a limiting piece 12 on a base 1, and adding scrap steel 4 into the ladle 2 for multiple times; every time the scrap steel 4 is added, the ladle cover 3 is covered, the burner 31 is opened, the smoke temperature is detected through a smoke temperature detection device 36 positioned on a smoke exhaust pipeline 35, when the smoke temperature is less than or equal to T1, the burner 31 adopts an air combustion supporting mode, namely the burner 31 introduces fuel gas and air through a fuel pipeline 32 and an air pipeline 34, when the smoke temperature is more than T1, the burner 31 adopts an oxygen enrichment or pure oxygen combustion supporting mode, namely the burner 31 introduces fuel, oxygen and air through the fuel pipeline 32, an oxygen pipeline 33 and the air pipeline 34 to realize oxygen enrichment combustion, or the fuel pipeline 32 and the oxygen pipeline 33 are opened to introduce fuel and oxygen to realize pure oxygen combustion, and T1 is 600 ℃; when the flue gas temperature is higher than T2, closing the burner 31, opening the ladle cover 3 and continuing to add the scrap steel 4, wherein T2 is the flue gas temperature when the scrap steel 4 reaches the process preheating temperature; repeating the heating process until the steel scrap 4 in the steel ladle 2 is full and the exhaust temperature is higher than T2, closing the burner 31, ending the steel scrap preheating process, and then moving the steel ladle 2 to the next procedure through the base 1.
The method comprises the steps of adding the scrap steel 4 into a steel ladle 2 for multiple times, opening a burner 31 positioned on a steel ladle cover 3 to preheat the scrap steel 4 after adding the scrap steel once, supporting combustion by air through the burner 31 when the exhaust gas temperature is lower than a certain value in the preheating process, supporting combustion by oxygen enrichment or pure oxygen through the burner 31 when the exhaust gas temperature is higher than a certain value, and closing the burner 31 when the exhaust gas temperature exceeds the preheating temperature needed by the scrap steel for a certain value.
According to the invention, different heating modes are used at different temperatures, so that fuel can be saved to the maximum extent, and rapid heating is realized; the layered preheating is realized by adding the scrap steel for multiple times, and the temperature uniformity of the scrap steel preheating is improved.
The invention is used for preheating the scrap steel before entering the electric furnace in the short process of steel production, greatly reduces the power consumption of the subsequent electric furnace process, reduces the discharge, reduces the production cost, improves the competitiveness of enterprises, solves the problems of high energy consumption of the electric furnace, large energy consumption of scrap steel preheating, uneven preheating and low heating rate at present, saves energy, reduces the cost and reduces the pollutant discharge.
Finally, the above embodiments are only intended to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit the present invention, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions, and all of them should be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a scrap steel preheating device, includes open-top's ladle and sets up the ladle lid at the ladle opening part, its characterized in that: the steel ladle cover is provided with a burner which can extend into the steel ladle, and the burner is connected with a fuel pipeline, an oxygen pipeline and an air pipeline so as to enable the burner to adopt air and/or oxygen to support combustion; the steel ladle cover is also provided with a smoke exhaust pipeline, and the smoke exhaust pipeline is provided with a smoke temperature detection device.
2. A scrap preheating apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: the steel ladle cover support comprises a fixing part positioned on one side of the steel ladle and a connecting rod which can be rotatably connected to the fixing part, and the other section of the connecting rod is fixedly connected with the steel ladle cover.
3. The scrap preheating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the burner is positioned in the center of the ladle cover.
4. The scrap preheating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the steel ladle cover is provided with a plurality of burners which are uniformly distributed on a concentric circle concentric with the steel ladle cover.
5. The scrap preheating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the burner is eccentrically arranged relative to the ladle cover, the ladle cover is provided with a rotating device capable of rotating around the axial lead of the ladle cover, and the burner is arranged on the rotating device.
6. The scrap preheating apparatus according to claim 5, wherein: the rotating device comprises a rotating part and a motor arranged on the steel ladle cover, the upper part of the rotating part is provided with a driven wheel concentric with the rotating part, an output shaft of the motor is provided with a driving wheel meshed with the driven wheel, the burner is arranged on the rotating part, the lower part of the rotating part is provided with a connecting part matched with an annular hole arranged on the steel ladle cover, and the burner rotates around the axial lead of the steel ladle cover under the driving of the motor along with the rotating part.
7. The scrap preheating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the steel ladle support comprises a base located at the bottom of the steel ladle, limiting parts arranged on two sides of the steel ladle relatively and trundles arranged on the base, and the limiting parts are fixedly connected with the base.
8. A scrap steel preheating method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the scrap preheating apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the scrap to be preheated is charged into the ladle in a plurality of times, and the scrap in the ladle is preheated to a predetermined temperature after each charging of the scrap.
9. The scrap preheating method according to claim 8, wherein: when the exhaust gas temperature is less than or equal to T1, the burner adopts air to support combustion; when the exhaust gas temperature is higher than T1, the burner is assisted by oxygen-enriched or pure oxygen.
10. A method of preheating scrap steel according to claim 9, characterized in that: t1 is 500-700 ℃.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010864174.8A CN111854449A (en) | 2020-08-25 | 2020-08-25 | Scrap steel preheating device and preheating method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010864174.8A CN111854449A (en) | 2020-08-25 | 2020-08-25 | Scrap steel preheating device and preheating method |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN111854449A true CN111854449A (en) | 2020-10-30 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010864174.8A Pending CN111854449A (en) | 2020-08-25 | 2020-08-25 | Scrap steel preheating device and preheating method |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114774625A (en) * | 2022-05-10 | 2022-07-22 | 湖南华菱涟源钢铁有限公司 | Method for preheating and melting scrap steel step by step |
| CN114891952A (en) * | 2022-05-10 | 2022-08-12 | 湖南华菱涟源钢铁有限公司 | Oxygen-fuel-electricity combined scrap steel premelting method |
-
2020
- 2020-08-25 CN CN202010864174.8A patent/CN111854449A/en active Pending
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114774625A (en) * | 2022-05-10 | 2022-07-22 | 湖南华菱涟源钢铁有限公司 | Method for preheating and melting scrap steel step by step |
| CN114891952A (en) * | 2022-05-10 | 2022-08-12 | 湖南华菱涟源钢铁有限公司 | Oxygen-fuel-electricity combined scrap steel premelting method |
| CN114774625B (en) * | 2022-05-10 | 2024-04-09 | 湖南华菱涟源钢铁有限公司 | Method for preheating and melting scrap steel step by step |
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