CN111853812A - Solid waste and dangerous waste gas melting furnace with central gas collection function - Google Patents
Solid waste and dangerous waste gas melting furnace with central gas collection function Download PDFInfo
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- CN111853812A CN111853812A CN202010844504.7A CN202010844504A CN111853812A CN 111853812 A CN111853812 A CN 111853812A CN 202010844504 A CN202010844504 A CN 202010844504A CN 111853812 A CN111853812 A CN 111853812A
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- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 166
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 title claims description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000002920 hazardous waste Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 31
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000003566 sealing material Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009270 solid waste treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012768 molten material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 241001062472 Stokellia anisodon Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004200 deflagration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000004127 vitreous body Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
- F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
- F23G5/442—Waste feed arrangements
- F23G5/444—Waste feed arrangements for solid waste
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/50—Control or safety arrangements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
- F23G2201/40—Gasification
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2208/00—Safety aspects
- F23G2208/10—Preventing or abating fire or explosion, e.g. by purging
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
- Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a solid waste and hazardous waste gasification melting furnace with central gas collection, and relates to the field of solid waste treatment melting furnaces. The treatment furnace comprises a furnace top charging system, a furnace throat central gas collecting device and a furnace body gasification melting part, wherein the furnace top charging system is used for feeding materials into the furnace and comprises a receiving hopper, a sealing valve and a sealing material barrel, and a nitrogen charging pipe and a material level meter are arranged in the sealing valve. The central gas collecting device of the furnace throat is used for collecting gas in the center, collecting and discharging furnace gas in the furnace from the middle part, and comprises a gas guide beam, a gas collecting bell and a throat shell, wherein the gas collecting bell is fixed at the central part of the throat shell through the gas guide beam. The furnace body gasification melting part comprises a furnace shell, a refractory material furnace lining, a hearth and a furnace hearth, wherein the furnace hearth is provided with a tuyere device and a liquid discharge port. The invention improves the charging sealing form by arranging the furnace top sealing valve and the nitrogen charging facility, arranges the furnace throat central gas collecting device, changes the furnace gas guiding out mode, solves the problems of charging sealing, gas flow in the furnace and the like, and has simple structure, low manufacturing cost and wide application range.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of solid waste treatment melting furnaces, in particular to a solid waste and dangerous waste gas melting furnace with central gas collection.
Background
In modern society production and life, a large amount of solid wastes and dangerous wastes generated need harmless treatment, a vertical barrel type melting furnace which supplies a heat source by fuel combustion is adopted, organic matters in the dangerous waste and solid wastes can be cracked and gasified to generate fuel for utilization, the inorganic matters are melted into vitreous bodies, harmful heavy metals can be stably solidified, and the vitreous bodies are recycled.
The existing melting furnace with a furnace gas outlet below a charging opening and a sealed charging barrel is structurally characterized in that the sealed charging barrel is arranged at the lower part of the charging opening of the melting furnace, a furnace gas annular chamber is arranged below the sealed charging barrel and connected with the furnace gas outlet, and a large amount of furnace gas generated by the reaction in the furnace and collected by the furnace gas annular chamber is discharged through the furnace gas outlet and enters a furnace gas treatment system. After the furnace burden is added from the charging opening, a certain height is kept in the sealed charging barrel, and when the furnace gas treatment system works, the furnace gas annular chamber and the furnace gas outlet are in a negative pressure state.
The design of the melting furnace aims to utilize the material column in the sealed charging barrel to generate certain resistance to gas and prevent air from entering the furnace gas annular chamber, but in fact, part of air still enters the furnace gas annular chamber through the gap of furnace burden in the sealed charging barrel at an open charging opening, and the part of air not only increases the load of a furnace gas processing system, but also increases the risk of furnace gas deflagration due to the mixing of oxygen components in the air. Meanwhile, the furnace burden in the sealing charging barrel is directly communicated with the furnace burden in the preheating zone of the furnace body, the weight of the furnace burden is completely pressed in the preheating zone, and the furnace burden is conducted through the preheating zone, so that the compression of the melting zone is increased, the excessive extrusion of the melting zone is caused, and the air permeability of the furnace burden is influenced. High-temperature furnace gas generated by reaction in the melting furnace passes through the preheating zone to dry and heat cold materials and finally enters the furnace gas annular chamber at the upper end of the preheating zone, the resistance of the gas flow in the central area of the material column of the preheating zone is larger than that of the outer edge of the material column of the preheating zone due to the existence of the central material column, and the furnace wall effect is added, so that the gas flow in the furnace of the preheating zone mainly rises along the outer edge of the material column, the gas flow speed at the outer edge of the material column of the preheating zone is high, the heat flow is high, the temperature is high, the gas flow is reflected to the melting zone, the melting position close to the furnace wall is higher than the central position of the furnace, the gas.
In order to solve these problems in combination, it is necessary to design a new solid waste fusion treatment apparatus or to modify the existing fusion furnace.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical defects of the existing melting furnace, the invention provides the melting furnace for melting the solid waste and the hazardous waste gas with central gas collection, and solves the problems of feed sealing, gas flow in the furnace and the like by improving the feed sealing form and changing the furnace gas guiding mode.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the utility model provides a solid useless and dangerous waste gas ization melting furnace of center gas collection, includes furnace roof charging system, furnace throat center gas collection device and furnace shaft gasification melting part, furnace roof charging system includes from the top down fixed connection's receiving hopper, seal valve and sealed feed cylinder, be provided with the nitrogen charging pipe on the lateral wall of seal valve, the lower part of seal valve is provided with the charge level indicator. The furnace throat central gas collecting device comprises a gas guide beam, a gas collecting bell and a furnace throat shell, wherein the furnace throat shell is a conical cylinder, an upper opening is connected with a sealing charging barrel, and a lower opening is connected with a furnace shell; the gas collecting bell is of a conical bell-shaped structure, the lower cavity of the gas collecting bell is a gas collecting chamber, the gas collecting bell is fixed at the central part of the furnace throat shell through a plurality of gas guiding beams, the gas guiding beams are uniformly distributed on the side wall of the gas collecting bell, the gas guiding beams are hollow beams and are communicated with the gas collecting chamber, and the gas guiding beams penetrate through the side wall of the furnace throat shell and then are connected to a furnace gas main pipe through a furnace gas connecting pipe; the furnace gas main pipe is connected with a furnace gas treatment system. The gasification and melting part of the furnace body comprises a furnace shell, the furnace shell is a cylindrical barrel, a refractory material furnace lining is built on the inner wall of the furnace shell or sprayed on the inner wall of the furnace shell, the inner cavity of the furnace lining forms a hearth of the melting furnace, the section of the hearth is circular, the hearth is sequentially divided into a preheating zone, a melting zone and a superheating zone from top to bottom, the diameter of the upper end of the preheating zone is gradually enlarged until the preheating zone is correspondingly connected with the inner cavity of the lower part of the furnace throat shell, the bottom of the superheating zone is a furnace hearth, the upper part of the furnace hearth is provided with a tuyere device, and the bottom; the tuyere devices are uniformly distributed along the radial direction of the furnace shell and penetrate through the furnace shell to extend into the hearth to the upper part of the hearth; the upper part of the outer side of the furnace shell is provided with a cooling spray nozzle, the bottom of the outer side of the furnace shell is provided with a water collecting tank, and the bottom of the water collecting tank is also provided with a water outlet.
The solid waste and dangerous waste gas gasification melting furnace with central gas collection starts from solving the sealing problem in the charging process, further solves the export problem of furnace gas, improves the gas flow distribution in the furnace by improving the charging of furnace materials, and promotes the gasification melting reaction process to be smoothly carried out.
The furnace top charging system adopts a triple sealing mode: a. the sealing valve completes mechanical sealing; b. the nitrogen filling pipe realizes nitrogen sealing; c. the sealing charge column increases air resistance. The sealing principle is as follows: the receiving hopper of the furnace top charging system is arranged at the upper part of the sealing valve, the sealing valve simultaneously plays the roles of sealing and blocking (the structure of the sealing valve is also an innovation point, the specific content of the sealing valve is provided in another patent application), the sealing valve is in a closed state, various furnace materials prepared by the raw material system are lifted to the furnace top through the charging bucket or the skip car, the receiving hopper is firstly added, when the furnace is required to be charged, the nitrogen charging pipe is opened in advance, nitrogen gas is charged into the sealing valve and the sealing charging barrel, then the sealing valve is opened, the furnace materials fall into the sealing charging barrel, and the sealing valve is closed after charging. In the opening stage of the charging sealing valve, because of the resistance action of the sealing material column and the existence of nitrogen in the sealing valve and the sealing material barrel, only a small amount of nitrogen enters the furnace, and air does not enter the furnace, so that the sealing effect is achieved. When the furnace top charging system is sealed, a charge level indicator can be adopted to detect the height of the materials in the sealed charging barrel, and whether the sealing valve is opened or not and whether the materials are fed or not can be determined according to the height of the furnace materials.
The central gas collecting device of the furnace throat of the invention cancels a gas collecting annular chamber of the prior art, replaces a central gas collecting clock, directly leads furnace gas out of the furnace by a gas guide beam, and comprises the gas guide beam, the gas collecting clock and a furnace throat shell, wherein the gas collecting clock is arranged at the center of the furnace throat shell, and the lower part of the gas collecting clock is a hearth part. The surface of the gas collecting bell is in a conical shape, when the furnace burden from the sealing charging barrel passes through the gas collecting bell, the furnace burden descends and expands along the smooth surface of the gas collecting bell, reaches the upper part of a preheating zone of a hearth through the lower edge of the gas collecting bell, and gradually shrinks and falls towards the center in the process of continuously descending the hearth to form an inverted cone-shaped charge level, and a cavity between the inverted cone-shaped charge levels and the lower cavity of the gas collecting bell form a gas collecting chamber together. When a large amount of furnace gas generated from the reaction of the hearth rises to the upper part of the preheating zone of the hearth, the furnace gas overflows from the inverted conical charge level of the furnace charge, enters a gas collection chamber, is discharged out of the furnace through a gas guide beam, is collected to a main pipe through a furnace gas connecting pipe outside the furnace, and is finally sent to a furnace gas treatment system for post-treatment. The furnace gas treatment system is in a negative pressure state when working, so that the furnace gas can be completely discharged from the central gas collecting device. The gas collecting bell and the gas guide beam have a supporting function on the furnace burden at the upper part, the furnace burden with a certain height is kept in the sealing charging barrel, most of the weight of the furnace burden is pressed on the gas collecting bell and the gas guide beam, and one part of the furnace burden bypassing the gas collecting bell is pressed on the upper flaring of the preheating zone of the hearth, so that the pressure of the furnace burden on the melting zone of the hearth is reduced.
The gasification and melting part of the furnace body is the main process link of the melting furnace, the gasification and melting process is completed in a furnace hearth, organic matters in the furnace burden are gasified and cracked through the preheating, melting and overheating processes of the furnace burden to generate combustible gas, one part of the combustible gas reacts with oxygen in the furnace hearth to generate heat, the other part of the combustible gas is discharged out of the furnace body for reutilization, the inorganic matters in the furnace burden are melted into liquid substances, and the liquid substances are discharged from a liquid discharge port of a melt to be subjected to water quenching treatment. The furnace body gasification melting part comprises a furnace shell and a hearth, a refractory material furnace lining is built on or sprayed on the inner wall of the furnace shell, the inner cavity of the furnace lining forms the hearth of the melting furnace, the section of the hearth is circular, the upper part of the hearth is a preheating zone, the lower part of the hearth is a melting zone and a superheating zone in sequence, the lowermost part of the hearth is a hearth, and strong oxidation-reduction reaction is carried out in the hearth to finish the treatment of furnace materials. The diameter of the upper end of the preheating zone is gradually enlarged until the diameter of the upper end of the preheating zone is correspondingly connected with the inner cavity of the lower part of the furnace throat shell to form a bell mouth, the bottom of the overheating zone is a furnace cylinder, the furnace cylinder is a position for accumulating and discharging molten materials, a molten material discharge port is formed in the bottom of the overheating zone, a tuyere device is arranged on the upper part of the furnace cylinder and is a device for blowing gas required by the furnace, a plurality of tuyere devices are generally uniformly distributed along the radial direction of the furnace shell, and the tuyere devices penetrate through the furnace shell and extend into a hearth to the upper part of the furnace.
The working process of the invention is as follows: various furnace charges prepared by a raw material system are lifted to the top of a furnace through a charging bucket or a skip car, the furnace charges are firstly added into a receiving hopper, a charge level meter immediately detects the height of the charge level, when the charge level is lowered to the lower limit of the charge level, a charging signal is given, a nitrogen charging pipe is firstly opened, nitrogen is charged into a sealing valve and a sealing material cylinder, then the sealing valve is opened, the furnace charges fall into the sealing material cylinder, the nitrogen is charged, the air is prevented from entering, the air entering along with the charge is removed, the nitrogen is continuously charged to suppress the furnace gas in a charge column, the nitrogen sealing function is realized, and the air is completely prevented; the furnace burden in the charging barrel falls to the gas collection bell section by bypassing the gas guide beam, and the furnace burden on the upper part of the gas collection bell moves downwards in an expanding way under the influence of the conical surface of the gas collection bell, gradually shrinks and falls towards the center to form an inverted cone-shaped burden surface after passing through the bell mouth, and forms a gas collection chamber. After the furnace charge enters a hearth, firstly, the falling materials are preheated, then melted and finally overheated, the gas required by the reaction is input into a tuyere device, the final reactant falls into a hearth, a melt liquid discharge port is arranged at the bottom of the hearth, so the reacted melt can be discharged from the melt liquid discharge port, furnace gas generated in the process slowly rises from the furnace charge to a gas collection chamber, then enters a furnace gas connecting pipe from a gas guide beam, finally enters a furnace gas main pipe and is collected by an external gas collection device, when a level gauge detects that the distance between the materials and a receiving hopper is greater than a certain threshold value, namely the lower limit of the material level is reached, nitrogen is introduced again, an unsealing gas valve is opened, the materials are continuously fed into a sealed charging barrel from the receiving hopper, and then subsequent reaction and gas collection actions are carried out, and the circulation is repeated. When the furnace works, the outer wall of the furnace also needs to be cooled, a cooling spray nozzle arranged at the upper part of the outer side of the furnace shell is sprayed on the outer wall to be cooled, a water collecting tank is arranged at the bottom and used for collecting cooled water, a molten material liquid outlet needs to be avoided in a common water collecting tank, and a water outlet is also arranged at the bottom of the water collecting tank and used for discharging water in the water collecting tank.
Preferably, the sealing valve is a hydraulic bell valve; the level indicator adopts a laser level indicator.
Preferably, the nitrogen filling pipe is a nitrogen ring pipe arranged on the inner wall of the sealing valve, vent holes for distributing nitrogen are uniformly distributed on the ring pipe, the vent holes face downwards, and the nitrogen ring pipe is externally connected with a nitrogen supply system.
Preferably, the nitrogen filling pipe is further connected with a probe blowing pipe of the level indicator for removing ash from the probe, and the level indicator can deposit ash after being used for a period of time, so that the blowing pipe is needed to remove ash from the probe.
Preferably, the gas collecting bell is of a conical bell-shaped structure, the conical angle is 60-80 degrees, and the diameter of the lower opening is 0.7-0.9 times of the diameter of the hearth.
Preferably, the cross section of at least two air guide beams is rectangular.
Preferably, the air guide beam and the air collecting clock are made of high-temperature-resistant stainless steel.
Preferably, the number of the air port devices is at least two, the air port devices are plug-in type replaceable air nozzle composite air ports, and the insertion angle is 6-10 degrees.
Preferably, the melt drain port is at least one.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: according to the melting furnace for melting solid waste and hazardous waste gas with central gas collection, the furnace top charging sealing device can block air from entering a furnace gas treatment system in the charging process, so that the burden of the furnace gas treatment system is reduced, and the occurrence of deflagration accidents is avoided due to the fact that no oxygen is mixed in; the non-contact stock rod detects the height of the material level quickly and accurately; the central gas collecting device of the furnace throat reduces the pressure of furnace burden on the hearth, weakens the effect of the furnace wall, improves the uniformity of the airflow speed of the furnace on the section of the hearth, flattens a melting zone, enhances the central melting strength and improves the gasification and melting efficiency. The gasification melting furnace for gas collection in the center of the furnace throat also has the characteristics of simple structure and low manufacturing cost, and can be used for gasification melting treatment of various solid raw materials.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a top view of the structure of the central gas collecting device according to the embodiment of the present invention.
The figures are labeled as follows: 1-receiving hopper, 2-nitrogen charging pipe, 3-sealing valve, 4-level gauge, 5-sealing charging barrel, 6-charging material, 7-air guide beam, 8-air collecting bell, 9-throat shell, 10-air collecting chamber, 11-preheating zone, 12-melting zone, 13-overheating zone, 14-furnace hearth, 15-melt liquid discharging port, 16-water collecting tank, 17-tuyere device, 18-furnace shell, 19-furnace lining, 20-furnace hearth, 21-cooling spray head, 22-furnace gas connecting pipe and 23-furnace gas main pipe.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples.
A central gas-collecting solid waste and hazardous waste gasification melting furnace, as shown in fig. 1 and 2: the furnace top charging system comprises a receiving hopper 1, a sealing valve 3 and a sealing material barrel 5 which are fixedly connected from top to bottom, a nitrogen charging pipe 2 is arranged on the side wall of the sealing valve 3, and a level indicator 4 is arranged at the lower part of the sealing valve 3. The central gas collecting device of the furnace throat comprises a gas guide beam 7, a gas collecting bell 8 and a furnace throat shell 9, wherein the furnace throat shell 9 is a conical cylinder, the upper opening of the furnace throat shell is connected with a sealing material cylinder 5, and the lower opening of the furnace throat shell is connected with a furnace shell 18; the gas collecting bell 8 is of a conical bell-shaped structure, the lower cavity of the gas collecting bell is a gas collecting chamber 10, the gas collecting bell 8 is fixed at the central part of the furnace throat shell 9 through a plurality of gas guiding beams 7, the gas guiding beams 7 are uniformly distributed on the side wall of the gas collecting bell 8, the gas guiding beams 7 are hollow beams and are communicated with the gas collecting chamber 10, and the gas guiding beams 7 penetrate out of the side wall of the furnace throat shell 9 and are connected to a furnace gas main pipe 23 through a furnace gas connecting pipe 22; the furnace gas main pipe 23 is connected with a furnace gas treatment system; the gasification and melting part of the furnace body comprises a furnace shell 18, the furnace shell 18 is a cylindrical barrel, a refractory material furnace lining 19 is built or sprayed on the inner wall of the furnace shell 18, the inner cavity of the furnace lining 19 forms a hearth 20 of the melting furnace, the section of the hearth 20 is circular, the hearth 20 is sequentially divided into a preheating zone 11, a melting zone 12 and a superheating zone 13 from top to bottom, the diameter of the upper end of the preheating zone 11 is gradually enlarged until the preheating zone is correspondingly connected with the inner cavity of the lower part of the furnace throat shell 9, the bottom of the superheating zone 13 is a furnace hearth 14, the upper part of the furnace hearth 14 is provided with a tuyere device 17, and the bottom of the furnace hearth 14 is provided; the tuyere devices 17 are uniformly distributed along the radial direction of the furnace shell 18, and the tuyere devices 17 penetrate through the furnace shell 18 and extend into the hearth 20 to the upper part of the hearth 14. The upper part of the outer side of the furnace shell 18 is provided with a cooling spray nozzle 21, the bottom of the furnace shell is provided with a water collecting tank 16, and the bottom of the water collecting tank 16 is also provided with a water outlet.
The preferred scheme is adopted in the embodiment: the sealing valve 3 is a hydraulic clock valve; the level indicator 4 adopts a laser level indicator; the nitrogen filling pipe 2 is a nitrogen ring pipe arranged on the inner wall of the sealing valve 3, vent holes for distributing nitrogen are uniformly distributed on the ring pipe, the vent holes face downwards, and the nitrogen ring pipe is externally connected with a nitrogen supply system; the nitrogen filling pipe 2 is also connected with a probe blowing pipe of a charge level indicator and is used for cleaning dust of the probe; the gas collecting bell 8 is of a conical bell-shaped structure, the conical angle is 60-80 degrees, in the embodiment, the conical angle is 60 degrees, the diameter of the lower opening is 0.7-0.9 time of the diameter of the hearth, and in the embodiment, the conical angle is 0.8 time of the diameter of the hearth; at least two air guide beams 7 are arranged, and the cross section is rectangular; the air guide beam 7 and the air collecting bell 8 are made of high-temperature resistant stainless steel; the number of the air inlet devices 17 is at least two, the air inlet devices 17 are insertion type air nozzle replaceable composite air inlets, the insertion angle is 6-10 degrees, and the insertion angle is 8 degrees in the embodiment; at least one, in this embodiment one, of the melt drain ports 15.
The embodiment specifically operates as follows: various furnace charges prepared by a raw material system are lifted to the top of a furnace through a charging bucket or a skip car, the furnace charges are firstly added into a receiving hopper, the level gauge 4 immediately detects the level height, when the level is below the lower limit of the level, a charging signal is given, a nitrogen charging pipe 2 is firstly opened, nitrogen is charged into a sealing valve 3 and a sealing material cylinder 5, then the sealing valve 3 is opened, the furnace charges fall into the sealing material cylinder 5, the nitrogen charging pipe 2 is charged with the nitrogen to avoid air from entering and expel the air entering along with the material, when the charging is finished, the sealing valve 3 is closed, but the nitrogen is continuously charged to suppress the furnace gas in a material column, the nitrogen sealing function is realized, and the air is completely isolated from entering; the top furnace burden reaches the furnace throat and moves downwards along the conical surface in an expanding way, the furnace burden 6 in the charging barrel bypasses the air guide beam 7 and falls to the section of the air collecting bell 8, the furnace burden on the upper part of the air collecting bell 8 moves downwards in an expanding way under the influence of the conical surface of the air collecting bell 8, and gradually shrinks and falls towards the center to form an inverted cone-shaped burden surface after passing through the bell mouth, and an air collecting chamber 10 is formed. After the furnace charge 6 enters the hearth 20, the falling materials are preheated, melted and overheated, the gas required by the reaction is input by the tuyere device 17, the final reactant falls into the hearth 14, the bottom of the hearth 14 is provided with a melt liquid outlet 15, the reacted smelt can be discharged from the smelt liquid outlet 15, the furnace gas generated in the process slowly rises from the burden 6 to the plenum chamber 10, then enters a furnace gas connecting pipe 22 from the gas guide beam 7, finally enters a furnace gas main pipe 23, is collected by an external gas collecting device, furnace charge in the sealed charging barrel 5 needs to be kept above the lower limit of the material level, the material level gradually descends along with the progress of smelting work, and needs to be supplemented in time, when the material level meter detects that the distance between the material and the sealing valve 3 is greater than a certain threshold value, namely the lower limit of the material level is reached, the nitrogen charging pipe 2 is opened, the sealing valve 3 is opened, and the material continues to enter the sealing material barrel 5 from the receiving hopper 1 again; after a period of time, the probe of the level indicator 4 drops ash, and a purging pipe is arranged on the probe of the level indicator and used for cleaning ash of the probe; the cooling nozzles 21 are used to cool the outer wall of the furnace shell 18, and the water flowing down flows into the water collection tank 16 and is discharged through the water discharge opening at the bottom.
The scope of the invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art, and any modifications, improvements and equivalents within the spirit and principle of the invention should be included in the scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a solid useless and dangerous waste gas melting furnace of central gas collection, includes furnace roof charging system, the central gas collection device of throat and the gasification melting part of shaft, its characterized in that:
the furnace top charging system comprises a receiving hopper (1), a sealing valve (3) and a sealing charging barrel (5) which are fixedly connected from top to bottom, a nitrogen charging pipe (2) is arranged on the side wall of the sealing valve (3), and a level indicator (4) is arranged at the lower part of the sealing valve (3);
the central gas collecting device of the furnace throat comprises a gas guide beam (7), a gas collecting bell (8) and a furnace throat shell (9), wherein the furnace throat shell (9) is a conical cylinder, the upper opening of the furnace throat shell is connected with a sealing charging barrel (5), and the lower opening of the furnace throat shell is connected with a furnace shell (18); the gas collecting bell (8) is of a conical bell-shaped structure, the lower cavity of the gas collecting bell is a gas collecting chamber (10), the gas collecting bell (8) is fixed at the central part of the furnace throat shell (9) through a plurality of gas guiding beams (7), the gas guiding beams (7) are uniformly distributed on the side wall of the gas collecting bell (8), the gas guiding beams (7) are hollow beams and are communicated with the gas collecting chamber (10), and the gas guiding beams (7) penetrate through the side wall of the furnace throat shell (9) and are connected to a furnace gas main pipe (23) through furnace gas connecting pipes (22); the furnace gas main pipe (23) is connected with a furnace gas treatment system;
the gasification and melting part of the furnace body comprises a furnace shell (18), the furnace shell (18) is a cylindrical barrel, a refractory material furnace lining (19) is built or sprayed on the inner wall of the furnace shell, the inner cavity of the furnace lining (19) forms a hearth (20) of the melting furnace, the section of the hearth (20) is circular, the hearth (20) is sequentially divided into a preheating zone (11), a melting zone (12) and a superheating zone (13) from top to bottom, the diameter of the upper end of the preheating zone (11) is gradually enlarged until the preheating zone is correspondingly connected with the inner cavity of the lower part of a furnace throat shell (9), the bottom of the superheating zone (13) is a furnace hearth (14), the upper part of the furnace hearth (14) is provided with a tuyere device (17), and the bottom of the furnace hearth is provided with; the tuyere devices (17) are uniformly distributed along the radial direction of the furnace shell (18), and the tuyere devices (17) penetrate through the furnace shell (18) and extend into the hearth (20) to the upper part of the hearth (14);
the upper part of the outer side of the furnace shell (18) is provided with a cooling spray head (21), the bottom of the outer side of the furnace shell is provided with a water collecting tank (16), and the bottom of the water collecting tank (16) is also provided with a water outlet.
2. A central gas-collecting solid waste and hazardous waste gasification melting furnace according to claim (1), characterized in that: the sealing valve (3) is a hydraulic clock valve; the level indicator (4) adopts a laser level indicator.
3. The central gas-collecting solid waste and hazardous waste gasification melting furnace of claim 1, wherein: the nitrogen filling pipe (2) is a nitrogen ring pipe arranged on the inner wall of the sealing valve (3), vent holes for distributing nitrogen are uniformly distributed on the ring pipe, the vent holes face downwards, and the nitrogen ring pipe is externally connected with a nitrogen supply system.
4. The central gas-collecting solid waste and hazardous waste gasification melting furnace of claim 1 or 4, wherein: the nitrogen filling pipe (2) is also connected with a level meter probe purging pipe for cleaning ash of the probe.
5. The central gas-collecting solid waste and hazardous waste gasification melting furnace of claim 1, wherein: the gas collecting bell (8) is of a conical bell-shaped structure, the conical angle is 60-80 degrees, and the diameter of the lower opening is 0.7-0.9 times of the diameter of the hearth.
6. The central gas-collecting solid waste and hazardous waste gasification melting furnace of claim 1, wherein: the number of the air guide beams (7) is at least two, and the cross section of each air guide beam is rectangular.
7. The central gas-collecting solid waste and hazardous waste gasification melting furnace of claim 1, wherein: the air guide beam (7) and the air collecting bell (8) are made of high-temperature-resistant stainless steel.
8. The central gas-collecting solid waste and hazardous waste gasification melting furnace of claim 1, wherein: the air port device (17) is at least two, the air port device (17) is an insertion type replaceable air nozzle composite air port, and the insertion angle is 6-10 degrees.
9. The central gas-collecting solid waste and hazardous waste gasification melting furnace of claim 1, wherein: at least one melt drain (15).
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| CN202010844504.7A CN111853812B (en) | 2020-08-20 | 2020-08-20 | Solid waste and dangerous waste gasification melting furnace for central gas collection |
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| CN202010844504.7A CN111853812B (en) | 2020-08-20 | 2020-08-20 | Solid waste and dangerous waste gasification melting furnace for central gas collection |
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001321767A (en) * | 2000-05-15 | 2001-11-20 | Kawasaki Heavy Ind Ltd | Method and device for treating leachate from waste landfill site |
| CN110425541A (en) * | 2019-07-26 | 2019-11-08 | 西安航天源动力工程有限公司 | A kind of enhanced plasma gasification melting furnace of bottom blowing pure oxygen |
| CN212319723U (en) * | 2020-08-20 | 2021-01-08 | 山西正和热电工程有限公司 | Solid waste and dangerous waste gas melting furnace with central gas collection function |
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2020
- 2020-08-20 CN CN202010844504.7A patent/CN111853812B/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001321767A (en) * | 2000-05-15 | 2001-11-20 | Kawasaki Heavy Ind Ltd | Method and device for treating leachate from waste landfill site |
| CN110425541A (en) * | 2019-07-26 | 2019-11-08 | 西安航天源动力工程有限公司 | A kind of enhanced plasma gasification melting furnace of bottom blowing pure oxygen |
| CN212319723U (en) * | 2020-08-20 | 2021-01-08 | 山西正和热电工程有限公司 | Solid waste and dangerous waste gas melting furnace with central gas collection function |
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