CN111850905A - Method for adjusting pH value of printing and dyeing rinsing machine and conveying system used for method - Google Patents

Method for adjusting pH value of printing and dyeing rinsing machine and conveying system used for method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111850905A
CN111850905A CN202010547679.1A CN202010547679A CN111850905A CN 111850905 A CN111850905 A CN 111850905A CN 202010547679 A CN202010547679 A CN 202010547679A CN 111850905 A CN111850905 A CN 111850905A
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adjusting
value
cloth cover
carbon dioxide
area
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CN202010547679.1A
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Inventor
王力民
孙红玉
盛春英
闫英山
周志玲
张津
贾荣霞
石鲁美
刘晓敏
王静茹
于琦
王国栋
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Binzhou Huafang Engineering Technology Research Institute Co ltd
Huafang Co ltd
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Binzhou Huafang Engineering Technology Research Institute Co ltd
Huafang Co ltd
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Priority to CN202010547679.1A priority Critical patent/CN111850905A/en
Publication of CN111850905A publication Critical patent/CN111850905A/en
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    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06BTREATING TEXTILE MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS, GASES OR VAPOURS
    • D06B23/00Component parts, details, or accessories of apparatus or machines, specially adapted for the treating of textile materials, not restricted to a particular kind of apparatus, provided for in groups D06B1/00 - D06B21/00
    • D06B23/24Means for regulating the amount of treating material picked up by the textile material during its treatment
    • D06B23/28Means for regulating the amount of treating material picked up by the textile material during its treatment in response to a test conducted on the treating material

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a method for adjusting the pH value of a printing and dyeing rinsing machine and a conveying system used for the method, and the method comprises the following processes: after the cloth cover is primarily cleaned in the clear water area, the cloth cover is led into the adjusting area to be continuously cleaned, carbon dioxide gas is introduced into the adjusting area to adjust the pH value of the solution in the water washing tank, and when the cloth cover is cleaned in the adjusting area, the pH value is between 5.0 and 7.5. This conveying system includes liquid storage tank, and the rinsing machine includes n rinsing baths, and the rinsing bath divide into clear water district and regulatory region, and the number in clear water district is an, and the number of regulatory region is b, and a + b is n, and liquid storage tank passes through the tube coupling with the regulatory region of rinsing bath, and is equipped with flowmeter A and valve A on the connecting pipeline in proper order. The method for adjusting the pH value of the cloth cover has the advantages that the pH range of the cloth cover is maintained between 5.0 and 7.5, and the pH value is stable, and the conveying system is used for conveying carbon dioxide, so that the advantages of high utilization rate of the carbon dioxide and stable pH change of the cloth cover are achieved.

Description

Method for adjusting pH value of printing and dyeing rinsing machine and conveying system used for method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of pH adjustment of a printing and dyeing cloth cover, in particular to a method for adjusting the pH value of a printing and dyeing rinsing machine and a conveying system for the method.
Background
The textile industry is an important industry in the light industry of China and has an important position in economic development. The production of textiles and clothes in China occupies a world important position, and the development of textile cloth covers can directly influence the development of the textiles and clothes products.
The textile cloth cover is the basis for preparing clothes and textiles, and the quality index of the textile cloth cover directly influences finished products. In the quality indexes of textile fabric surfaces, the pH value is an important index required by customers and also an important ecological assessment index in the national mandatory standard GB18401-2010 national basic safety technical Specification for textile products, and mainly because a layer of weakly acidic material is arranged on the surface layer of human skin, when the pH value of the fabric surface directly contacted with a body is alkaline, skin itch and even allergy can be caused, so that the pH value of the fabric surface is adjusted, and the application range and the use comfort level of the fabric are improved.
The pH value of tap water is about 8, therefore, after the tap water is used for dissolving fuel and dyeing cloth covers, the dyed cloth covers are inevitably needed to be neutralized to reduce the pH value of the cloth covers, in the prior art, the method of adjusting by adding acid is most commonly used, however, in the actual production, the method of adjusting the pH value of the cloth covers to adjust the color of the partial cloth covers by adding acid can cause the change of the color of the cloth covers, particularly emerald blue, rose red, coffee color and the like, can cause the change of dye structures to cause the change of color light, and in addition, for bleaching products, the whiteness is not high due to the adjustment of the pH value by adding acid.
In the prior art, the pH value is adjusted by adding acid, the pH value is adjusted by mainly adding auxiliary agents such as chemical acid and the like into a rinsing bath of a rinsing machine, most manufacturers select neutralizing acid to adjust the pH value of the fabric, but the quantity of alkali carried by the fabric surface is different due to different fabric tissue specifications, different proportions and various parameters of different dyeing material treatments, and the acid dosage in the rinsing machine needs to be adjusted according to specific conditions. In the actual production process, the variety is continuously changed, so the pH value of the fabric is unstable, and an automatic control acid adding facility is developed at present, but the test probe needs to be cleaned and corrected according to the requirement, so the operation is troublesome.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for adjusting the pH value of a dyeing rinsing machine and a conveying system used for the method, in particular to a method for adjusting the pH value of a solution by introducing carbon dioxide into a rinsing tank of the rinsing machine so as to adjust the pH value of a cloth cover in the process of rinsing the cloth cover, the method is used for adjusting the pH value of the cloth cover, the method has the advantages that the pH range of the cloth cover is maintained between 5.0 and 7.5, the pH is stable, the pH adjustment is indirectly carried out on the cloth cover by introducing the carbon dioxide, the operation is simple, the control is easy, the pH adjustment is carried out on the cloth cover by using the aspect, the influence on the color light of the cloth cover is avoided, and the color and luster stability of the cloth cover can be kept; the conveying system is used for conveying carbon dioxide, and has the advantages of high utilization rate of carbon dioxide and stable pH change of cloth cover.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for adjusting the pH value of a printing and dyeing rinsing machine comprises the following steps: after the cloth cover is primarily cleaned in the clear water area, the cloth cover is led into the adjusting area to be continuously cleaned, carbon dioxide gas is introduced into the adjusting area to adjust the pH value of the solution in the water washing tank, and when the cloth cover is cleaned in the adjusting area, the pH value is between 5.0 and 7.5.
Preferably, the cloth cover is a dyed or printed cloth cover.
Preferably, in the adjusting area, the liquid carbon dioxide is conveyed into a corresponding rinsing tank of the rinsing machine through a conveying pipeline, the conveying pressure is controlled to be 0.1-0.5MPa in the conveying process, and after the liquid carbon dioxide is introduced into water for 30min, the conveying pressure is reduced when the pH value of the water reaches the required pH value, so that the overflow waste of the carbon dioxide is reduced.
Preferably, when the gram weight of the cloth surface is more than 150g/m2While controlling the delivery pressure P1P is more than 0.31≤0.5MPa。
Preferably, the gram weight of the cloth cover is 70-150g/m2In between, control the delivery pressure P2P is not less than 0.12≤0.3MPa。
The conveying system used for the method comprises a liquid storage tank and a rinsing machine, wherein the rinsing machine comprises n rinsing tanks, and n is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2;
the washing tank is divided into a clean water area and an adjusting area, the number of the clean water area is a, the number of the adjusting area is b, a + b is n, and a and b are positive integers more than or equal to 1;
The liquid storage tank passes through the tube coupling with the regulation district of wash bowl, and is equipped with flowmeter A and valve A on connecting the pipeline in proper order, according to the thickness adjustment valve A of cloth cover, cooperates flowmeter A to observe the flow of liquid carbon dioxide in the pipeline, reaches under the prerequisite to cloth cover pH value adjustment, practices thrift liquid carbon dioxide's quantity.
Preferably, in order to further improve the control of the liquid carbon dioxide in the system, a valve B is arranged on a pipeline between the liquid storage tank and the flowmeter a, and controls the liquid carbon dioxide together with the valve a, so that the use safety of the liquid carbon dioxide is improved.
Preferably, the pipelines comprise a main pipeline and branch pipelines, the number of the branch pipelines is b, so that each branch pipeline is directly connected with the rinsing bath of the adjusting area to control the amount of liquid carbon dioxide entering the rinsing bath.
Preferably, the branch pipelines are respectively provided with a flowmeter B and a valve C for observing and metering the amount of the liquid carbon dioxide entering the regulating area water washing tank.
When liquid carbon dioxide is used for adjusting the pH of the solution in the water washing tank in the adjusting area, the pH value in the water is gradually reduced along with the introduction of the carbon dioxide, and the following reactions occur:
H20+CO2=H2CO3
the carbonic acid dissolves in the water, rendering the water acidic. The purpose of adjusting the pH value of the cloth surface is achieved.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the waste carbon dioxide gas is recycled, and part of the carbon dioxide gas participates in the neutralization reaction in the whole process, so that the greenhouse effect of the carbon dioxide is reduced; in addition, the method has the advantages of low carbon dioxide corrosivity, high safety, convenient use and environmental friendliness, and is a novel, simple, safe and efficient method.
(2) The pH value of the cloth surface is regulated by using carbon dioxide, the carbon dioxide is limited to the solubility in water, and the problem of pH value over regulation can be effectively avoided.
(3) For the fabric with higher alkalinity, the solubility of carbon dioxide in water can be increased by controlling the pressure of the introduced carbon dioxide, so that the pH value of the fabric surface can be effectively controlled; and the method provided by the invention does not need to monitor the pH of the solution in the adjusting area in time in the process of introducing the carbon dioxide, and has the advantages of easy operation and convenient use.
(4) By using the method provided by the invention, the pH values of cloth covers which are emerald blue, rose red and coffee are respectively adjusted, and the color light of the cloth covers is more bright.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments or technical solutions in the prior art of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a delivery system.
In the figure, 1-a liquid storage tank, 2-a washing machine, 3-a washing tank, 301-a clear water area, 302-a regulating area, 4-a main pipeline, 5-branch pipelines, 6-a valve B, 7-a flowmeter A, 8-a valve A, 9-a flowmeter B, 10-a valve C, 11-a pressure gauge A and 12-a pressure gauge B.
Detailed Description
In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solutions in the present invention, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
As shown in FIG. 1, the invention provides a conveying system for a method for adjusting the pH value of a dyeing and printing rinsing machine, which comprises a liquid storage tank 1 and a rinsing machine 2, wherein the rinsing machine 2 comprises 5 rinsing tanks 3;
the rinsing bath 3 is divided into a clear water area 301 and an adjusting area 302, the number of the clear water area 301 is 2, and the number of the adjusting area 302 is 3;
the liquid storage tank 1 is connected with the adjusting area 302 of the rinsing bath 3 through a pipeline, and the pipeline comprises a main pipeline 4 and a branch pipeline 5;
A valve B6, a flowmeter A7 and a valve A8 are sequentially arranged on the main pipeline 4 to control the total flow of the liquid carbon dioxide entering the branch pipelines 5; when the gas in the main pipeline 4 is excessive, the valve B6 is closed, and the carbon dioxide in the liquid storage tank can be opened after being treated, so that the controllability and the accuracy of the flow of the liquid carbon dioxide are improved, and meanwhile, the use safety of the liquid carbon dioxide can be improved;
the number of the branch pipes 5 is 3, the branch pipes are the same as the number of the rinsing tanks 3 of the adjusting area 302, each branch pipe 5 is respectively connected with the bottom of each rinsing tank 3 of the adjusting area 302, and carbon dioxide liquid is introduced from the bottom, so that carbon dioxide and water can be uniformly mixed easily;
the branch pipe 5 is provided with a flowmeter B9 and a valve C10 for observing and metering the amount of liquid carbon dioxide entering the regulating area 302 rinsing bath 3;
in order to further monitor the pressure of the liquid carbon dioxide in the main pipeline 4 and the branch pipeline 5, a pressure gauge A11 and a pressure gauge B12 are respectively arranged on the main pipeline 4 and the branch pipeline 5;
when the liquid carbon dioxide enters the water tank of the adjusting area 302, the released carbon dioxide and water generate weak acid, so that the pH value of the cloth cover is adjusted.
The liquid carbon dioxide conveying pipe needs to be made of a pipe material capable of bearing pressure and low temperature, and the liquid carbon dioxide has higher pressure and can be kept in a liquid state at low temperature, the liquid carbon dioxide is converted into gas when the temperature rises, and the pressure is greatly increased, so that the conveying pipe needs to resist the high pressure of more than 1MPa and the temperature range of (-30 ℃ -50 ℃). Before delivery, a pressure valve is required to be installed to control the delivery pressure at any time so as to avoid accidents.
Example 2
Cloth cover: pure cotton thin fabric, the fabric tissue specification is C100 x 80230 x 200 fabric, the fabric gram weight is 120g/m2(ii) a And (3) color of the cloth surface: turquoise blue;
cloth cover treatment process: after singeing, desizing, bleaching, mercerizing, whitening and dyeing the cloth cover, measuring the pH value of the cloth cover to be 8.3-8.6;
the conveying system is provided with:
as shown in fig. 1, the valve B6, the flowmeter a7 and the valve a8 are opened to control the delivery pressure to 0.2MPa, and the regulating region 302 is opened from the left to control the amount of liquid carbon dioxide entering the second branch pipe 5 and the third branch pipe 5 by the flowmeter B9 and the valve C10 above the second branch pipe 5 and the third branch pipe 5; after the liquid carbon dioxide enters the second rinsing bath and the third rinsing bath from the left side of the adjusting area 302, standing for 30 minutes, and enabling the cloth cover to start to enter the second rinsing bath and the third rinsing bath from the left side of the adjusting area 302 for pH value adjustment;
after washing, the pH value of the cloth surface is measured, and the pH value of the cloth surface is between 6.7 and 7.1, which meets the requirement;
in addition, the color light of the cloth surface adjusted by the washing carbon dioxide is measured by taking the cloth surface adjusted by the washing machine with the acetic acid as a standard sample, and is shown in the table 1 as follows:
TABLE 1 measurement of colorimetric values after washing with Water
CIE DL CIE Da CIE Db CIE DC CIE DH CIE DE CMC DE K/S All in weight portion
-0.74 -0.01 0.27 0.27 0.02 0.79 0.44 11.2510 106.88
From the results, the turquoise blue cloth surface vividness, higher color depth and better cloth surface dyeing effect are achieved after the pH value of the cloth surface is adjusted by the carbon dioxide.
Example 3
Cloth cover: polyester cotton thick fabric: T/C20X 16100X 56 fabric with gram weight of 210g/m2(ii) a And (3) color of the cloth surface: rose color;
cloth cover treatment process: after singeing, desizing, bleaching, mercerizing and dyeing the cloth cover, measuring the pH value of the cloth cover to be 8.3-8.6;
the conveying system is provided with:
as shown in fig. 1, the valve B6, the flowmeter a7 and the valve a8 are opened to control the delivery pressure to be 0.4MPa, and the regulating region 302 is opened to control the amount of liquid carbon dioxide entering the first branch pipe 5, the second branch pipe 5 and the third branch pipe 5 from the flowmeter B9 and the valve C10 above the first branch pipe 5, the second branch pipe 5 and the third branch pipe 5 from the left; after the liquid carbon dioxide enters the first rinsing bath, the second rinsing bath and the third rinsing bath from the left side of the adjusting area 302, standing for 30 minutes, and enabling the cloth cover to enter the adjusting area 302 from the first rinsing bath, the second rinsing bath and the third rinsing bath from the left side to adjust the pH value;
after washing, the pH value of the cloth surface is measured, and the pH value of the cloth surface is between 6.9 and 7.3, which meets the requirement;
in addition, the color light of the cloth surface adjusted by washing carbon dioxide is measured by taking the cloth surface adjusted by acetic acid for washing machine as a standard sample, and the results are shown in the following table 2:
TABLE 2 determination of the colorimetric values after washing with water
CIE DL CIE Da CIE Db CIE DC CIE DH CIE DE CMC DE K/S All in weight portion
-0.71 0.20 1.11 0.36 1.07 1.33 0.72 12.7250 107.91
Example 4
Thin polyester-cotton fabric, the tissue specification: T/C24 multiplied by 24100 multiplied by 50, and the cloth cover gram weight is 185g/m2And the cloth surface color: coffee color.
Cloth cover treatment process: after singeing, desizing, bleaching, mercerizing and dyeing the cloth cover, measuring the pH value of the cloth cover to be 8.0-8.3;
the conveying system is provided with:
as shown in fig. 1, the valve B6, the flowmeter a7 and the valve a8 are opened to control the delivery pressure to be 0.4MPa, and the regulating region 302 is opened to control the amount of liquid carbon dioxide entering the first branch pipe 5, the second branch pipe 5 and the third branch pipe 5 from the flowmeter B9 and the valve C10 above the first branch pipe 5, the second branch pipe 5 and the third branch pipe 5 from the left; after the liquid carbon dioxide enters the first rinsing bath, the second rinsing bath and the third rinsing bath from the left side of the adjusting area 302, standing for 30 minutes, and enabling the cloth cover to enter the adjusting area 302 from the first rinsing bath, the second rinsing bath and the third rinsing bath from the left side to adjust the pH value;
after washing, the pH value of the cloth surface is measured, and the pH value of the cloth surface is between 6.5 and 7.0, which meets the requirement;
in addition, the color light of the cloth surface adjusted by washing carbon dioxide is measured by taking the cloth surface adjusted by acetic acid for washing machine as a standard sample, and the results are shown in the following table 3:
TABLE 3 determination of the colorimetric values after washing with water
CIE DL CIE Da CIE Db CIE DC CIE DH CIE DE CMC DE K/S All in weight portion
-0.51 0.15 0.83 0.26 0.85 0.97 0.70 24.2506 103.91
The results show that after the pH value of the cloth cover is adjusted by adopting carbon dioxide, the coffee cloth cover has high brightness, high color depth and good integral dyeing effect.
In the embodiment of the application, the cloth cover is adjusted by acetic acid as a standard sample, and the color light of the cloth cover is measured by carbon dioxide.
In summary, the carbon dioxide is used for adjusting the pH value of the cloth cover, so that the influence of the carbon dioxide on the atmospheric environment can be reduced, and the problem of excessive adjustment of the cloth cover can not be caused.
Although the present invention has been described in detail by referring to the preferred embodiments, the present invention is not limited thereto. Various equivalent modifications or substitutions can be made on the embodiments of the present invention by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and these modifications or substitutions are within the scope of the present invention/any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims (9)

1. A method for adjusting the pH value of a printing and dyeing rinsing machine is characterized by comprising the following steps: after the cloth cover is primarily cleaned in the clear water area, the cloth cover is led into the adjusting area to be continuously cleaned, carbon dioxide gas is introduced into the adjusting area to adjust the pH value of the solution in the water washing tank, and when the cloth cover is cleaned in the adjusting area, the pH value is between 5.0 and 7.5.
2. The method of adjusting the pH of a printing and dyeing washer according to claim 1, wherein the fabric is dyed or printed.
3. The method for adjusting the pH of a printing and dyeing washing machine as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that in the adjustment zone, liquid carbon dioxide is conveyed into the corresponding washing tank of the washing machine through a conveying pipeline, the conveying pressure is controlled to be 0.1-0.5MPa during the conveying process, and the conveying is stopped after 30min of water introduction.
4. A method of adjusting the pH of a printing and dyeing washer according to claim 3 wherein the grammage of the cloth is greater than 150g/m2While controlling the delivery pressure P1P is more than 0.31≤0.5MPa。
5. A method of adjusting the pH of a printing and dyeing washing machine as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that the grammage of the cloth is 70-150g/m2In between, control the delivery pressure P2P is not less than 0.12≤0.3MPa。
6. A transport system for use in a method of adjusting the pH of a printing and dyeing washing machine as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising a liquid storage tank and a washing machine, said washing machine comprising n washing tanks, n being a positive integer equal to or greater than 2;
The washing tank is divided into a clean water area and an adjusting area, the number of the clean water area is a, the number of the adjusting area is b, a + b is n, and a and b are positive integers more than or equal to 1; the liquid storage tank is connected with the adjusting area of the rinsing bath through a pipeline, and a flowmeter A and a valve A are sequentially arranged on the connecting pipeline.
7. A delivery system according to claim 6, wherein a valve B is provided in the conduit between the liquid reservoir and the flowmeter A.
8. The delivery system of claim 6, wherein the conduits include a main conduit and a branch conduit, the number of branch conduits being b.
9. The delivery system of claim 8, wherein a flow meter B and a valve C are provided in each of the branch lines.
CN202010547679.1A 2020-06-16 2020-06-16 Method for adjusting pH value of printing and dyeing rinsing machine and conveying system used for method Pending CN111850905A (en)

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113718454A (en) * 2021-08-25 2021-11-30 浙江美欣达纺织印染科技有限公司 Carbon dioxide cloth cover pH value adjusting system and using method
CN114775201A (en) * 2022-04-15 2022-07-22 广东溢达纺织有限公司 System and method for adjusting pH of fabric by using carbon dioxide gas
CN114808300A (en) * 2022-04-15 2022-07-29 广东溢达纺织有限公司 Water-saving and energy-saving fabric pH adjusting process
CN115613252A (en) * 2022-09-30 2023-01-17 浙江雅雪纺织科技有限公司 Carbon dioxide neutralization system

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN207512396U (en) * 2017-11-29 2018-06-19 广东溢达纺织有限公司 A kind of system that cloth cover pH is adjusted using carbon dioxide gas
CN108545819A (en) * 2018-05-11 2018-09-18 河海大学 A kind of preprocess method replaced using recycling carbon dioxide in spent acid with dyeing waste water
CN110540282A (en) * 2019-09-20 2019-12-06 上海城市水资源开发利用国家工程中心有限公司 Water pH value adjusting method

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN207512396U (en) * 2017-11-29 2018-06-19 广东溢达纺织有限公司 A kind of system that cloth cover pH is adjusted using carbon dioxide gas
CN108545819A (en) * 2018-05-11 2018-09-18 河海大学 A kind of preprocess method replaced using recycling carbon dioxide in spent acid with dyeing waste water
CN110540282A (en) * 2019-09-20 2019-12-06 上海城市水资源开发利用国家工程中心有限公司 Water pH value adjusting method

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113718454A (en) * 2021-08-25 2021-11-30 浙江美欣达纺织印染科技有限公司 Carbon dioxide cloth cover pH value adjusting system and using method
CN114775201A (en) * 2022-04-15 2022-07-22 广东溢达纺织有限公司 System and method for adjusting pH of fabric by using carbon dioxide gas
CN114808300A (en) * 2022-04-15 2022-07-29 广东溢达纺织有限公司 Water-saving and energy-saving fabric pH adjusting process
CN114775201B (en) * 2022-04-15 2024-01-30 广东溢达纺织有限公司 System and method for adjusting pH of fabric by using carbon dioxide gas
CN114808300B (en) * 2022-04-15 2024-01-30 广东溢达纺织有限公司 Water-saving and energy-saving fabric pH adjusting process
CN115613252A (en) * 2022-09-30 2023-01-17 浙江雅雪纺织科技有限公司 Carbon dioxide neutralization system

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Application publication date: 20201030