CN111850379A - Furnace body structure of ore-smelting electric furnace - Google Patents
Furnace body structure of ore-smelting electric furnace Download PDFInfo
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- CN111850379A CN111850379A CN202010700076.0A CN202010700076A CN111850379A CN 111850379 A CN111850379 A CN 111850379A CN 202010700076 A CN202010700076 A CN 202010700076A CN 111850379 A CN111850379 A CN 111850379A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B23/00—Obtaining nickel or cobalt
- C22B23/02—Obtaining nickel or cobalt by dry processes
- C22B23/023—Obtaining nickel or cobalt by dry processes with formation of ferro-nickel or ferro-cobalt
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B4/00—Electrothermal treatment of ores or metallurgical products for obtaining metals or alloys
- C22B4/06—Alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B4/00—Electrothermal treatment of ores or metallurgical products for obtaining metals or alloys
- C22B4/08—Apparatus
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- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
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- Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
- Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a furnace body structure of an ore-smelting electric furnace, which comprises a furnace body and a furnace cover, wherein the side wall and the bottom of the furnace body are respectively provided with a cooling device; the heat conductivity coefficient of the working layer at the bottom and the wall of the furnace body is higher than 10.0 w/(m.k), and the compressive strength is higher than 50 MPa; and a protective layer is arranged outside the working layer. According to the invention, the cooling devices are respectively arranged on the side wall and the bottom of the furnace body of the ore-smelting electric furnace, so that the lining refractory material of the ore-smelting electric furnace can be effectively cooled, the 1150 ℃ molten iron solidification isothermal line is ensured to be kept in the position close to the working surface of the refractory material, the corrosion and damage effects of liquid slag iron on the refractory material are effectively slowed down, and a slag iron protective layer is formed on the surface of the working surface of the refractory material in smelting. Meanwhile, the lining on the side wall and the lining on the bottom of the electric furnace body are reasonably adjusted, so that the ore-smelting electric furnace body can run safely, efficiently and long in service life, and the one-time service life of the existing ore-smelting electric furnace lining can be prolonged to 5 years to 10 years.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an ore-smelting electric furnace structure, in particular to an ore-smelting electric furnace body structure for smelting ferronickel and ferroalloy.
Background
The ore-smelting electric furnace is an important equipment for smelting iron alloy, and it uses the arc heat produced by three inserted high-power electrodes to smelt the metal mineral raw material fed into the furnace, so that the impurities and metal in the mineral can be separated in the liquid state, then the slag can be discharged in the tapping process so as to obtain the finished metal. The refractory material of the lining of the mine thermoelectric furnace can be subjected to multiple damages such as electric arc heat erosion, high-temperature liquid metal infiltration, chemical erosion of complex slag components and the like in the smelting process. The service life of refractory materials of a plurality of ore-smelting electric furnace linings in the industry is 12-18 months at present, and the one-time overhaul of the ore-smelting electric furnace linings requires capital investment of thousands of RMB and production stop of 1-2 months, so that the production efficiency and economic benefit of the ore-smelting electric furnaces are greatly influenced, and a large amount of resource investment and the emission of thousands of tons of industrial solid waste garbage are caused in each overhaul. Therefore, how to effectively prolong the service life of the ore-smelting electric furnace is a long-term research direction for technicians in the field.
The existing mine thermal electric furnace adopts a common furnace shell, refractory materials in the furnace are built by magnesia bricks, magnesia-chrome bricks, carbon bricks and high-alumina bricks, high-temperature corrosion, molten iron infiltration and chemical erosion in the furnace are resisted only by the high-temperature performance of the refractory materials, the service life of the furnace is about one year generally, and vulnerable parts of the furnace need to be maintained in the period. And the furnace is required to be operated in the state that the furnace lining is thinned and the furnace shell is at high temperature in the later period of use, so that the operation is very dangerous.
In order to prolong the service life of the furnace body of the ore-smelting electric furnace, the currently adopted furnace protection methods comprise the following steps:
1. stacking and protecting the furnace: the diameter of the ore-smelting electric furnace is enlarged, the arc radius of the electrode is reduced, minerals close to a furnace lining are far away from the arc and cannot be melted and accumulated, the furnace lining made of refractory materials is protected by the accumulation of mineral raw materials, and the service life of the furnace lining can reach 2-3 years generally. However, the furnace protection mode can ensure that the utilization rate of the furnace is very low and the power consumption is very high, and because the material is blocked, the furnace cannot be effectively monitored, and when the ablation imbalance is caused abnormally in the furnace, the furnace wall is easily burnt through.
2. Local cooling and slag component adjustment: the method is widely used at present, and generally carries out circulating water cooling on the furnace cover, the tap hole and the slag hole of the ore-smelting electric furnace, so that the service life of refractory materials at key positions can be effectively prolonged; and through the adjustment of the components of the slag in the furnace, the erosion to the refractory material of the slag line is reduced, and the service life of the furnace lining of the corresponding part is prolonged. The use of the comprehensive measures can lead the service life of the furnace to reach 3-4, but the requirements on the technical types of furnace operation and slag component adjustment are higher.
3. Cooling the furnace body: at present, cooling methods for the ore-smelting electric furnace comprise cooling wall cooling and water spraying cooling, the investment of cooling equipment of the cooling wall is high, and the investment of the water spraying cooling is relatively low. However, the service life of the furnace lining is not obviously prolonged by the cooling modes (the longest service life of the furnace body is not more than 5 years).
Researches show that if the working temperature of the refractory material of the lining working layer of the ore-smelting electric furnace can be effectively reduced, the service life of the hearth can be prolonged, and the running safety of the furnace can be improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a novel ore-smelting electric furnace body structure aiming at the defect of short service life of the existing ore-smelting electric furnace body, and the furnace body structure can effectively prolong the service life of an ore-smelting electric furnace.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention can adopt the following technical scheme:
the furnace body structure of the ore-smelting electric furnace comprises a furnace body and a furnace cover, wherein the side wall and the bottom of the furnace body are respectively provided with a cooling device;
the heat conductivity coefficient of the working layer at the bottom and the wall of the furnace body is higher than 10.0 w/(m.k), and the compressive strength is higher than 50 MPa; and a protective layer is arranged outside the working layer.
The cooling device on the side wall of the furnace body is arranged outside the steel shell of the furnace body, and the mounting area of the cooling device corresponds to the smelting area of a hearth in the furnace body; the cooling device at the bottom of the furnace body is a cooling pipeline arranged in the high heat conduction pouring material layer.
The cooling device on the side wall of the furnace body is a cooling wall, a cooling plate, a cooling pipe or a blowing device, and the cooling medium is water, nitrogen or compressed air.
And an isolation steel plate is laid below the working layer at the bottom of the furnace body.
Temperature thermocouples are arranged in the working layers close to the side wall and the bottom cooling device.
The working layer at the bottom of the furnace body is a high-heat-conductivity carbon brick layer and a carbon-containing refractory brick layer which are sequentially built.
The furnace body bottom working layer comprises a high-heat-conductivity carbon brick layer and a high-heat-conductivity castable layer.
The working layer of the side wall of the furnace body is a carbon-containing refractory brick layer built in a steel shell.
The working layer of the side wall of the furnace body is a carbon-containing refractory brick layer and a high heat conduction castable layer which are built in a steel shell.
And a water cooling system is arranged on the furnace cover.
The invention has the advantages that the cooling devices are respectively arranged on the side wall and the bottom of the furnace body of the ore-smelting electric furnace, the lining refractory material of the ore-smelting electric furnace can be effectively cooled, the 1150 ℃ molten iron solidification isotherm is ensured to be kept in the position close to the working surface of the refractory material, the erosion damage effect of liquid slag iron on the refractory material can be effectively relieved, and a slag iron protective layer can be formed on the surface of the working surface of the refractory material in smelting. Meanwhile, the lining on the side wall and the lining on the bottom of the electric furnace body are reasonably adjusted, so that the ore-smelting electric furnace body can run safely, efficiently and long in service life, and the one-time service life of the existing ore-smelting electric furnace lining can be prolonged to 5 years to 10 years.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is another schematic diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the furnace body structure of the ore-smelting electric furnace comprises a furnace body and a furnace cover, wherein in order to prolong the service life of the ore-smelting electric furnace, a cooling device is respectively arranged on the side wall and the bottom of the furnace body; wherein
The furnace body side wall cooling device 1 is arranged outside a furnace body steel shell, the installation area of the furnace body side wall cooling device is consistent with the smelting area of a furnace hearth in the furnace body, and even the furnace body side wall cooling device can be completely installed outside a furnace shell; preferably, the furnace sidewall cooling device 1 may be a cooling wall, a cooling plate, a cooling pipe, a blowing device, or the like made of metal or ceramic, and the cooling medium may be water, nitrogen, compressed air, or the like.
The cooling device at the bottom of the furnace body can adopt a cooling pipeline 2, the cooling pipeline 2 can adopt a seamless steel pipe, and a high-heat-conductivity castable layer 3 is adopted to level the gap between the cooling pipelines; and (3) paving an isolation steel plate 4 on the leveling surface to isolate the permeation of water leakage of the lower cooling pipeline 2 (if the cooling medium adopts nitrogen or compressed air, the isolation steel plate 4 is not paved).
In order to flexibly control the temperature of the cooling devices arranged at each position of the furnace wall and the furnace bottom, the cooling device 1 on the side wall of the furnace body can control water flow in different regions (for example, valves are respectively arranged at the water inlet and the water outlet of each or a group of cooling walls, cooling plates and cooling pipes, and can be independently controlled, and meanwhile, a temperature measuring device is arranged at the water inlet and the water outlet to ensure the cooling effect of the cooling device); the cooling pipeline 2 at the bottom of the furnace also controls water flow independently and is provided with a water inlet and outlet temperature measuring device. Temperature thermocouples 5 are uniformly distributed on the inner side of the furnace wall steel shell and the furnace bottom isolation steel plate 4, and the temperature of the furnace body can be detected at any time.
Under furnace body lateral wall and bottom installation cooling device's prerequisite, this application has also made the improvement to the furnace body inside lining, specifically:
1. the bottom lining (working layer) of the ore-smelting electric furnace adopts two masonry schemes
The first solution is shown in fig. 1: firstly, building 2-3 (2 shown in the figure) 230-400 mm high-heat-conductivity carbon brick layers 6.1 on a furnace bottom leveling layer (high-heat-conductivity castable layer 3) or an isolation steel plate 4 (the heat conductivity coefficient is 15.0-17.0 w/(m.k)), and building 2-3 (2 shown in the figure) anti-floating structural brick types on the high-heat-conductivity carbon brick layers 6 to build 500-900 mm carbon-containing refractory brick layers 7.1 (the heat conductivity coefficient is 12.0-14.0 w/(m.k), the compressive strength is 50.0-60.0 MPa and the apparent porosity is 10.8-12.0%);
the second scheme is shown in figure 2: a high heat-conducting castable layer 7.2 [ heat conductivity coefficient 10.0-12.0 w/(m.k) ] with thickness of 500-900 mm, compressive strength 50.0-60.0 MPa, and bulk density 2.80-2.85 (g/cm) is poured on the built high heat-conducting carbon brick layer 6.13）］；
2. The lining (working layer) of the wall of the ore-smelting electric furnace also adopts two masonry schemes
The first solution is shown in fig. 1: building 3-4 rings of carbon-containing refractory brick layers with the width of 230-345 mm in a steel shell on the side wall of the furnace body, wherein the carbon-containing refractory brick layers are 8.1 [ the heat conductivity coefficient is 12.0-14.0 w/(m.k), the compressive strength is 50.0-60.0 MPa, and the apparent porosity is 10.8-12.0% ];
The second scheme is shown in figure 2: firstly, 2 rings of 8.2-150 mm wide carbon-containing refractory brick layers are built in a steel shell on the side wall of a furnace body in a staggered joint mode, then a high-thermal-conductivity castable material 8.3 (the thermal conductivity coefficient is 10.0-12.0 w/(m.k), the compressive strength is 50.0-60.0 MPa, and the volume density is 2.80-2.85 g/cm) with the thickness of 600-900 mm is integrally cast by a supporting die3］；
After the furnace body lining is built by the method, the lining is provided with the protective layer, and the purpose is that the refractory material of the protective layer can avoid oxidation and material impact during the furnace baking period and the initial stage of furnace opening. A clay brick layer 8 (also can be a high-alumina brick) with the thickness of 65mm or 114mm can be laid on the bottom lining working layer, a clay brick layer 9 (also can be a high-alumina brick) with the thickness of 65mm is laid on the wall lining working layer in an adherence manner, or high-strength spraying material with the thickness of 30-50 mm is sprayed.
In order to ensure the cooling effect, a water cooling system is also arranged on the furnace cover, an independently controlled full water cooling system can be adopted, temperature measuring devices are arranged at the water inlet and outlet, and the inner lining of the furnace cover adopts casting materials or high-strength spray coating materials as the inner lining of a refractory material.
Meanwhile, a copper cooling jacket or a cooling plate can be additionally arranged at important parts such as a slag hole, an iron tap hole and the like of the ore-smelting electric furnace for enhanced cooling, the flow rate of cooling water flow or air flow is independently controlled, and a temperature measuring device is arranged at an inlet and an outlet of a pipeline.
Through the design, the cooling circulation system is adopted to properly cool the lining refractory material of the ore-smelting electric furnace, the 1150 ℃ molten iron solidification isothermal line is ensured to be kept in the close vicinity of the refractory material working surface, the corrosion damage effect of liquid slag iron on the refractory material is effectively slowed down, and a slag iron protective layer is formed on the surface of the refractory material working surface in the smelting process. The scheme of the invention can be optimized in practice according to factors such as smelting ore species, restriction of an original design structure and the like, and can be used wholly or partially. Through optimization, the service life of the ore-smelting electric furnace is expected to be prolonged from more than 5 years to more than 10 years.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides an ore-smelting electric furnace body structure, includes furnace body and bell, its characterized in that:
the side wall and the bottom of the furnace body are respectively provided with a cooling device;
the heat conductivity coefficient of the working layer at the bottom and the wall of the furnace body is higher than 10.0 w/(m.k), and the compressive strength is higher than 50 MPa; and a protective layer is arranged outside the working layer.
2. The ore-smelting electric furnace body structure according to claim 1, wherein: the cooling device on the side wall of the furnace body is arranged outside the steel shell of the furnace body, and the mounting area of the cooling device corresponds to the smelting area of a hearth in the furnace body; the cooling device at the bottom of the furnace body is a cooling pipeline arranged in the high heat conduction pouring material layer.
3. The ore-smelting electric furnace body structure according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the cooling device on the side wall of the furnace body is a cooling wall, a cooling plate, a cooling pipe or a blowing device, and the cooling medium is water, nitrogen or compressed air.
4. The ore-smelting electric furnace body structure according to claim 2, wherein: and an isolation steel plate is laid below the working layer at the bottom of the furnace body.
5. The ore-smelting electric furnace body structure according to claim 1, wherein: temperature thermocouples are arranged in the working layers close to the side wall and the bottom cooling device.
6. The ore-smelting electric furnace body structure according to claim 1, wherein: the working layer at the bottom of the furnace body is a high-heat-conductivity carbon brick layer and a carbon-containing refractory brick layer which are sequentially built.
7. The ore-smelting electric furnace body structure according to claim 1, wherein: the furnace body bottom working layer comprises a high-heat-conductivity carbon brick layer and a high-heat-conductivity castable layer.
8. The ore-smelting electric furnace body structure according to claim 1, wherein: the working layer of the side wall of the furnace body is a carbon-containing refractory brick layer built in a steel shell.
9. The ore-smelting electric furnace body structure according to claim 1, wherein: the working layer of the side wall of the furnace body is a carbon-containing refractory brick layer and a high heat conduction castable layer which are built in a steel shell.
10. The ore-smelting electric furnace body structure according to claim 1, wherein: and a water cooling system is arranged on the furnace cover.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010700076.0A CN111850379A (en) | 2020-07-20 | 2020-07-20 | Furnace body structure of ore-smelting electric furnace |
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| CN202010700076.0A CN111850379A (en) | 2020-07-20 | 2020-07-20 | Furnace body structure of ore-smelting electric furnace |
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Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH09209011A (en) * | 1996-02-06 | 1997-08-12 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | Method for restraining erosion of sidewall brick of furnace bottom of blast furnace |
| CN201250269Y (en) * | 2008-09-12 | 2009-06-03 | 黄贤盛 | Copper-nickel ore smelting furnace |
| CN101762151A (en) * | 2008-11-28 | 2010-06-30 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | Electric furnace body |
| CN206803769U (en) * | 2017-05-24 | 2017-12-26 | 中国重型机械研究院股份公司 | A kind of furnace device of full water cooling structure |
| CN207501697U (en) * | 2017-11-29 | 2018-06-15 | 鲁山县方圆工程技术有限公司 | A kind of ferronickel electric furnace furnace bottom water cooling plant |
| CN209740966U (en) * | 2019-04-26 | 2019-12-06 | 郑州驹达新材料科技有限公司 | Hot-melting slag mineral wool electric furnace with condensing furnace lining |
-
2020
- 2020-07-20 CN CN202010700076.0A patent/CN111850379A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH09209011A (en) * | 1996-02-06 | 1997-08-12 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | Method for restraining erosion of sidewall brick of furnace bottom of blast furnace |
| CN201250269Y (en) * | 2008-09-12 | 2009-06-03 | 黄贤盛 | Copper-nickel ore smelting furnace |
| CN101762151A (en) * | 2008-11-28 | 2010-06-30 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | Electric furnace body |
| CN206803769U (en) * | 2017-05-24 | 2017-12-26 | 中国重型机械研究院股份公司 | A kind of furnace device of full water cooling structure |
| CN207501697U (en) * | 2017-11-29 | 2018-06-15 | 鲁山县方圆工程技术有限公司 | A kind of ferronickel electric furnace furnace bottom water cooling plant |
| CN209740966U (en) * | 2019-04-26 | 2019-12-06 | 郑州驹达新材料科技有限公司 | Hot-melting slag mineral wool electric furnace with condensing furnace lining |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| 张福明 等: "《现代高炉长寿技术》", 30 September 2012 * |
| 朱荣 等: "《电弧炉炼钢技术及装备》", 30 April 2018 * |
| 王海明: "《冶金生产概论》", 31 August 2008 * |
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Application publication date: 20201030 |