CN111850333A - Preparation method of graphene reinforced niobium/niobium silicide composite material - Google Patents

Preparation method of graphene reinforced niobium/niobium silicide composite material Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111850333A
CN111850333A CN202010646143.5A CN202010646143A CN111850333A CN 111850333 A CN111850333 A CN 111850333A CN 202010646143 A CN202010646143 A CN 202010646143A CN 111850333 A CN111850333 A CN 111850333A
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China
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graphene
composite material
niobium
powder
ball milling
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CN202010646143.5A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
熊博文
刘康
王朝炜
王振军
谢珍珍
章彤
李夏婷
蔡长春
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Nanchang Hangkong University
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Nanchang Hangkong University
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C1/00Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/04Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C1/05Mixtures of metal powder with non-metallic powder
    • C22C1/058Mixtures of metal powder with non-metallic powder by reaction sintering (i.e. gasless reaction starting from a mixture of solid metal compounds)
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/10Sintering only
    • B22F3/105Sintering only by using electric current other than for infrared radiant energy, laser radiation or plasma ; by ultrasonic bonding
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C29/00Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
    • C22C29/18Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on silicides
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/10Sintering only
    • B22F3/105Sintering only by using electric current other than for infrared radiant energy, laser radiation or plasma ; by ultrasonic bonding
    • B22F2003/1051Sintering only by using electric current other than for infrared radiant energy, laser radiation or plasma ; by ultrasonic bonding by electric discharge

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Silicon Compounds (AREA)
  • Ceramic Products (AREA)
  • Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of a graphene reinforced niobium/niobium silicide composite material. Nb/Nb5Si3The composite material has good high-temperature performance and oxidation resistance, is considered to be a key high-temperature structural material applied to an aeroengine in the future, and has very important application prospect. But Nb/Nb5Si3The poor room temperature toughness of the composite material is a key factor which hinders the application of the composite material to aeroengines. Graphene is used as a novel functional material with excellent performance, and the super-strong mechanical property of the graphene can greatly improve the comprehensive performance of the composite material, so that the graphene is adopted to enhance Nb/Nb5Si3The alloy can effectively optimize the performance of the alloy and promote the application of the alloy on aeronautical engines, thereby greatly improving the combat performance of the aeronautical vehicles and safeguarding the master right and the people right of the stateProviding more powerful guarantee.

Description

Preparation method of graphene reinforced niobium/niobium silicide composite material
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metal matrix composite material preparation, in particular to a preparation method of a graphene reinforced niobium/niobium silicide composite material.
Background
Nb/Nb5Si3The composite material has high melting point (2520 deg.C), high service temperature (1600 deg.C), and low density (7.16 g/cm) 3) High rigidity, high strength and good oxidation resistance, and is considered to be a key high-temperature structural material for replacing nickel-based high-temperature alloy in service to be applied to aeroengines in the future[1-3]Has very important application prospect. However, Nb/Nb5Si3The toughness of the composite material is poor, although the toughness of the material can be improved to 10 MPa.m by the in-situ composite preparation method1/2The above requirements cannot be met, which is a key factor preventing the application of the material in the aeroengine. At present, the strength and toughness of the composite material are optimized mainly by an alloying method, but the alloying effect is single, and the Nb/Nb is improved5Si3The toughness of the composite material can reduce the strength or oxidation resistance of the composite material. Graphene as a novel functional material with excellent performance has extremely high tensile strength (up to 1060GPa), Young modulus (1100GPa) and low density (1.06g/cm3), and the ultra-strong mechanical property of the graphene can greatly improve the comprehensive performance of the composite material. The graphene reinforcement has a nanometer thinning effect in the composite material, can thin a matrix structure and reduce a stress concentration effect, so that good toughness is obtained, and in addition, the graphene can bear stress and enable cracks in the matrix material to deflect or tip passivation, so that the graphene can So as to improve the strength and toughness of the composite material, the graphene is adopted to reinforce Nb/Nb5Si3The alloy can effectively optimize the performance of the alloy and promote the application of the alloy on aeronautical engines, thereby greatly improving the combat performance of the aeronautical vehicles and providing more powerful guarantee for safeguarding the mastership of the state and the rights and interests of people.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems that: providing a preparation method of a graphene reinforced niobium/niobium silicide composite material, and adopting graphene as a reinforcing phase to reinforce Nb/Nb5Si3Alloy, solving Nb/Nb5Si3The room temperature toughness of the alloy is lower.
The technical scheme provided by the invention for solving the problems is as follows: a method of preparing a graphene reinforced niobium/niobium silicide composite, the method comprising the steps of:
step 1, adding graphene or graphene oxide into absolute ethyl alcohol according to a certain proportion, and performing ultrasonic dispersion treatment for 30 min-10 h to obtain an ethanol dispersion liquid of uniformly dispersed graphene or graphene oxide;
step 2, putting Nb powder and Si powder into a ball milling tank in proportion;
step 3, uniformly dispersing the dispersion liquid prepared in the step 1 and dripping the dispersion liquid into the ball milling tank prepared in the step 2, adding steel balls into the ball milling tank according to a certain ball-to-material ratio, repeatedly vacuumizing and filling argon into the ball milling tank for multiple times, and performing ball milling on a planetary ball mill according to a certain rotating speed and time to prepare a powder material with uniformly dispersed graphene, Nb powder and Si powder;
Step 4, drying the powder material obtained in the step 3 at the vacuum degree of-0.09 to-0.1 MPa and the temperature of 80 to 95 ℃ for 1 to 4 hours to obtain a dried powder material;
step 5, the powder material obtained in the step 4 is filled into a high-strength graphite die, and vacuum discharge plasma sintering is carried out according to certain vacuum degree, sintering temperature, sintering pressure and sintering time to obtain the graphene reinforced Nb/Nb5Si3A composite material.
Preferably, in the step 1, the ratio of the graphene or the graphene oxide to the absolute ethyl alcohol is 0.1(g):10-100(ml), the content of the graphene or the graphene oxide reinforced phase is less than or equal to 5.0 wt%, the ultrasonic treatment time is 30-240 min, and the ultrasonic power is 800-2500W.
Preferably, the ball-to-material ratio (by weight) in the step 3 is 8-15: 1, wherein the vacuum-argon filling treatment needs to be repeated for more than 2 times, the vacuum degree is-0.09 to-0.1 MPa, the argon purity is more than or equal to 99.5 vol.%, the ball milling time is 1-8 h, and the speed is 250-500 r/min.
Preferably, in the step 5, the vacuum discharge plasma sintering is performed, wherein the vacuum degree is-0.09 to-0.1 MPa, the sintering pressure is 30 to 200MPa, the sintering pressure maintaining time is 30 to 240min, and the sintering temperature is 1400 to 1600 ℃.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: the invention adopts discharge plasma sintering to prepare graphene enhanced Nb/Nb 5Si3The composite material is found to be uniform in graphene distribution, the relative compactness of the composite material reaches more than 99%, and when the content of graphene is 0.5 wt.%, the graphene reinforced Nb/Nb5Si3The fracture toughness and tensile strength of the composite material are respectively improved by 70.6 percent and 84.8 percent, which fully shows that the graphene pair Nb/Nb5Si3The toughening effect of the composite material is very obvious.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.
FIG. 1 shows graphene reinforced Nb/Nb in example 1 of the present invention5Si3Microstructure of composite material.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, so that how to implement the technical means for solving the technical problems and achieving the technical effects of the present invention can be fully understood and implemented.
Example 1
Step 1, adding graphene or graphene oxide into absolute ethyl alcohol according to a certain proportion, and performing ultrasonic dispersion treatment for 30 min-10 h to obtain an ethanol dispersion liquid of uniformly dispersed graphene or graphene oxide; wherein the proportion of the graphene or the graphene oxide to the absolute ethyl alcohol is 0.1(g):50(ml), the content of the graphene or the graphene oxide reinforced phase is 0.5 wt%, the ultrasonic treatment time is 60min, and the ultrasonic power is 800W.
Step 2, putting Nb powder and Si powder into a ball milling tank according to the atomic ratio of 53:22: 25;
and 3, uniformly dispersing the dispersion liquid prepared in the step 1, dripping the dispersion liquid into the ball milling tank prepared in the step 2, adding steel balls into the ball milling tank according to a certain ball-material ratio of 10:1, repeating vacuumizing and argon filling on the ball milling tank for 4 times, wherein the vacuum degree is-0.09 to-0.1 MPa, the argon purity is more than or equal to 99.5 vol%, and performing ball milling on a planetary ball mill for 4 hours at a speed of 250 r/min.
And 4, drying the powder material obtained in the step 3 at the vacuum degree of-0.09 to-0.1 MPa and the temperature of 95 ℃ for 3 hours to obtain a dried powder material.
Step 5, putting the powder material obtained in the step 4 into a high-strength graphite die, and performing vacuum discharge plasma sintering to obtain the graphene-reinforced Nb/Nb5Si3The composite material has sintering vacuum degree of-0.09 MPa to-0.1 MPa, sintering pressure of 50MPa, sintering pressure maintaining time of 30min and sintering temperature of 1500 ℃. Graphene reinforced Nb/Nb5Si3The microstructure of the composite material is shown in FIG. 1.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the claims. The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and the specific structure thereof is allowed to vary. All changes which come within the scope of the invention as defined by the independent claims are intended to be embraced therein.

Claims (4)

1. A preparation method of a graphene reinforced niobium/niobium silicide composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, adding graphene or graphene oxide into absolute ethyl alcohol according to a certain proportion, and performing ultrasonic dispersion treatment for 30 min-10 h to obtain an ethanol dispersion liquid of uniformly dispersed graphene or graphene oxide;
step 2, putting Nb powder and Si powder into a ball milling tank in proportion;
step 3, uniformly dispersing the dispersion liquid prepared in the step 1 and dripping the dispersion liquid into the ball milling tank prepared in the step 2, adding steel balls into the ball milling tank according to a certain ball-to-material ratio, repeatedly vacuumizing and filling argon into the ball milling tank for multiple times, and performing ball milling on a planetary ball mill according to a certain rotating speed and time to prepare a powder material with uniformly dispersed graphene, Nb powder and Si powder;
step 4, drying the powder material obtained in the step 3 at the vacuum degree of-0.09 to-0.1 MPa and the temperature of 80 to 95 ℃ for 1 to 4 hours to obtain a dried powder material;
step 5, the powder material obtained in the step 4 is filled into a high-strength graphite die, and vacuum discharge plasma sintering is carried out according to certain vacuum degree, sintering temperature, sintering pressure and sintering time to obtain the graphene reinforced Nb/Nb 5Si3A composite material.
2. The preparation method of the graphene reinforced niobium/niobium silicide composite material according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1, the ratio of graphene or graphene oxide to absolute ethyl alcohol is 0.1g to 10-100ml, the content of the reinforced phase of the added graphene or graphene oxide is less than or equal to 5.0 wt%, the ultrasonic treatment time is 30-240 min, and the ultrasonic power is 800-2500W.
3. The preparation method of the graphene reinforced niobium/niobium silicide composite material according to claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of the ball materials in the step 3 is 8-15: 1, wherein the vacuum pumping-argon filling treatment needs to be repeated for more than 2 times, the vacuum degree is-0.09-0.1 MPa, the argon purity is more than or equal to 99.5 vol.%, the ball milling time is 1-8 h, and the speed is 250-500 r/min.
4. The method for preparing the graphene reinforced niobium/niobium silicide composite material according to claim 1, wherein in the step 5, vacuum discharge plasma sintering is performed, the vacuum degree is-0.09 MPa to-0.1 MPa, the sintering pressure is 30 MPa to 200MPa, the sintering pressure maintaining time is 30min to 240min, and the sintering temperature is 1400 ℃ to 1600 ℃.
CN202010646143.5A 2020-07-07 2020-07-07 Preparation method of graphene reinforced niobium/niobium silicide composite material Pending CN111850333A (en)

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