CN111849419A - Composite environment-friendly dust suppressant and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Composite environment-friendly dust suppressant and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- VSGNNIFQASZAOI-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium acetate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O VSGNNIFQASZAOI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
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- NIFIFKQPDTWWGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrite Chemical compound [Fe+2].[S-][S-] NIFIFKQPDTWWGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
- C09K3/22—Materials not provided for elsewhere for dust-laying or dust-absorbing
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a composite environment-friendly dust suppressant and a preparation method thereof, and the composite environment-friendly dust suppressant specifically comprises the following raw materials: 5-8 parts of composite bacterial liquid, 2-6 parts of modified starch, 5-10 parts of hibiscus plant gum, 2-4 parts of fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, 1-2 parts of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, 30-40 parts of calcium source and 60-80 parts of water. The microbial dust suppressant provided by the invention can be used for suppressing dust in a lower-temperature environment, has a good dust suppression effect, does not generate secondary pollution, and has good ecological compatibility; the preparation method and the application method of the dust suppressant are simple, convenient and low in cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental science, and particularly relates to a composite environment-friendly dust suppressant and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The coal gangue is associated with coal, is a solid waste separated in the coal mining and washing processes, belongs to sedimentary rock, is the largest industrial waste discharged at present, accounts for 10-15% of the coal yield, and is about 1 million yuan after being input into the coal gangue every year in the coal industry. The accumulation of the coal gangue not only occupies a large amount of land, but also pollutes atmosphere and water source after sulfides contained in the coal gangue are emitted, thereby causing serious consequences; pyrite contained in the coal gangue is easy to be oxidized by air, and the released heat can promote the coal contained in the coal gangue to be weathered to be spontaneous combustion, and emit unpleasant odor and harmful smoke, so that the number of patients suffering from chronic tracheitis and asthma of nearby residents is increased; the falling leaves of surrounding trees and the yield reduction of crops; the coal gangue dump is washed by rain water, so that nearby river beds are often silted, and river water is polluted. Therefore, comprehensive utilization of the coal gangue is vigorously developed, the environment is protected, pollution is treated, and the method is very urgent.
At present, in the coal gangue treatment process, because a workshop is closed and narrow, a lot of dust is often generated and accumulated, the pollution has stimulation effect on eyes and respiratory tracts of human bodies, various inflammations are easily induced, and the light people are dizzy and headache, and the serious people are permanently damaged; the dust particles can also cause lung diseases, so that the health of personnel in a workshop is difficult to ensure, and particularly, the long-term inhalation of dust containing a certain concentration of free silicon dioxide is easy to cause a systemic disease, namely pneumoconiosis, which is mainly caused by diffuse fibrous diseases of lung tissues. The development of the research and application of dust prevention and control is a main way for improving the coal gangue construction operation environment and preventing and reducing occupational diseases, and is also an urgent task.
Depending on the mechanism of action, dust suppressants can be classified into wetting type, binding type. The wetting type dust suppressant is generally composed of a nonpolar oleophilic hydrocarbon chain part and a polar hydrophilic group, and the adoption of the wetting type chemical dust suppressant has the defects of small application range, possibility of causing secondary pollution and no strong dust binding capacity of the same wetting agent. The bonding type dust suppressant mainly comprises oil products and organic bonding materials such as waste liquid and waste residues in the paper making and alcohol industries; however, the dust suppressant has the defects of rare varieties, peculiar smell, possibility of discharging harmful gas, soil, underground water and surrounding environment pollution, complex processing technology, high cost and the like.
Therefore, the technical personnel in the field need to solve the problem of providing the dust suppressant which is environment-friendly, efficient and simple in processing steps.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a compound environment-friendly dust suppressant, which can be used for suppressing dust in a lower-temperature environment, has a good dust suppression effect, does not generate secondary pollution, and has good ecological compatibility; the preparation method and the application method of the dust suppressant are simple, convenient and low in cost.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a compound environment-friendly dust suppressant specifically comprises the following raw materials: 5-8 parts of composite bacterial liquid, 2-6 parts of modified starch, 5-10 parts of hibiscus plant gum, 2-4 parts of fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, 1-2 parts of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, 30-40 parts of calcium source and 60-80 parts of water.
The invention firstly uses the hibiscus plant gum as the raw material, can form a layer of continuous and complete shell membrane on the surface of dust, and simultaneously uses the microorganism to capture CO in the air2Promoting CO2The hydration of the dust-removing agent can form a substance with cementing capacity by a calcium source or other gel substances, so that the dust-removing agent can solidify the dust, the dust-removing consolidation effect is good, and the microorganisms absorb greenhouse gas CO in the treatment process2The dust suppressant prepared by the invention can be biodegraded, and the dust suppression efficiency can reach more than 99%.
Preferably, the following raw materials are specifically included: 7 parts of compound bacterial liquid, 5 parts of modified starch, 5 parts of hibiscus plant gum, 3 parts of fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, 2 parts of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, 30 parts of calcium source and 70 parts of water.
Preferably, the bacterial species of the composite bacterial liquid include: bacillus mucilaginosus, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus lysinate and Aspergillus.
Preferably, the concentration of the bacterial liquid of the compound bacterial liquid is 5 multiplied by 107-1×1010cells/mL。
Preferably, the bacterial concentration ratio of the bacillus mucilaginosus, the bacillus megaterium, the bacillus lysimachiae and the aspergillus is (1-3) to 2 (2-3) to (1-2).
The invention adopts composite strains, and the composite strains are prepared by compounding bacillus mucilaginosus, bacillus megaterium, bacillus lysinate and aspergillusOn the one hand, the bacillus mucilaginosus is utilized to metabolize to generate carbonic anhydrase which can capture CO in the air2Promoting CO2Hydration of (2); on the other hand, bacterial cellulose generated by microorganisms is dried and crushed, glycosidic bonds in the bacterial cellulose can adsorb tiny dust, a network structure can be formed among the molecules of the bacterial cellulose to adsorb the tiny dust, the bacterial cellulose has strong water absorption and moisture retention functions, the tiny dust can be agglomerated, the dust suppression effect is further achieved, finally, the bacterial cellulose and plant gum are subjected to cross-linking reaction, the dust suppression agent is obtained, all strains are coordinated and matched with each other, the dust suppression effect is good, and nitrogen oxides can be effectively removed.
Preferably, the modified starch comprises: at least one of cross-linked starch, esterified starch, etherified starch, grafted starch, maltodextrin, amylose starch and carboxymethyl modified starch.
The invention uses modified starch, can realize high viscosity at lower temperature (0-10 ℃), compared with the dust suppressant prepared by using common starch as raw material, the dust suppressant can achieve the same performance as the prior dust suppressant at normal temperature, but the preparation process is simpler.
Preferably, the calcium source comprises: any one of calcium chloride, calcium lactate, calcium nitrate, calcium formate, and calcium acetate.
Preferably, the calcium ion concentration of the calcium source is 0.5-1.0 mol/L.
The preparation method of the compound environment-friendly dust suppressant specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing raw material composite bacterial liquid, modified starch, hibiscus plant gum, fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, a calcium source and water;
(2) and mixing the modified starch, the fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether and the sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, uniformly stirring, sequentially adding the hibiscus plant gum, the calcium source and the water, stirring for 10-20min at 40-60 ℃, cooling to room temperature after stirring, adding the compound bacterial liquid, and uniformly stirring to obtain the compound environment-friendly dust suppressant.
The preparation method is simple and convenient, and according to the action principle, when the strain does not act, the modified starch, the fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether and the sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate are bonded and adsorbed through high viscosity; and then through the action of microorganisms, agglomeration, adsorption and sedimentation are carried out, and the steps are mutually matched, so that the high-efficiency dust suppression effect is achieved.
According to the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: compared with the traditional physical method and chemical method, the method creatively utilizes the microorganisms to capture carbon dioxide in the environment and convert the carbon dioxide into carbonate, the carbonate reacts with the modified starch, the fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, the sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and the calcium source to form carbonate minerals with a gelling effect, and dust particles are consolidated into a whole, so that the method has excellent mechanical property.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A preparation method of a composite environment-friendly dust suppressant specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing raw materials: 5 parts of compound bacterial liquid, 2 parts of cross-linked starch, 5 parts of hibiscus plant gum, 2 parts of fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, 1 part of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, 30 parts of calcium chloride and 60 parts of water; wherein the concentration of the composite bacterial liquid is 5 multiplied by 107cells/mL。
(2) Mixing the crosslinked starch, the fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether and the sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, uniformly stirring, sequentially adding the hibiscus plant gum, the calcium chloride and the water, stirring for 10-20min at 40-60 ℃, cooling to room temperature after stirring, adding the compound bacterial liquid, and uniformly stirring to obtain the compound environment-friendly dust suppressant.
Mixing the prepared dust suppressant and water according to a mass ratio of 1: 10, mixing, putting into a sprayer, uniformly spraying in a workshop, and controlling the spraying amount to be 0.5kg/m2. Through detection, the viscosity of the dust suppressant prepared by the invention can reach 106mPa & s, the moisture retention time can reach 7 days, the dust suppression efficiency can reach 99.8%, the dust suppressant can resist wind blowing of 20m/s, and the content of the dust suppressant is 1.2% after 20 days of detection.
Example 2
A preparation method of a composite environment-friendly dust suppressant specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing raw materials: 8 parts of compound bacterial liquid, 2 parts of esterified starch, 10 parts of hibiscus plant gum, 4 parts of fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, 2 parts of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, 40 parts of calcium lactate and 80 parts of water; wherein the concentration of the composite bacterial liquid is 1 × 1010cells/mL。
(2) Mixing esterified starch, fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, stirring uniformly, sequentially adding hibiscus plant gum, calcium lactate and water, stirring for 10-20min at 40-60 ℃, cooling to room temperature after stirring, adding the compound bacterial liquid, and stirring uniformly to obtain the compound environment-friendly dust suppressant.
Mixing the prepared dust suppressant and water according to a mass ratio of 1: 10, mixing, putting into a sprayer, uniformly spraying in a workshop, and controlling the spraying amount to be 0.5kg/m2. Through detection, the viscosity of the dust suppressant prepared by the invention can reach 110 mPa.s, the moisture retention time can reach 8 days, the dust suppression efficiency can reach 99.9 percent, the dust suppressant can resist wind blowing of 20m/s, and the content of the dust suppressant is 1.5 percent after 20 days of detection.
Example 3
A preparation method of a composite environment-friendly dust suppressant specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing raw materials: 7 parts of compound bacterial liquid, 5 parts of maltodextrin, 5 parts of hibiscus plant gum, 3 parts of fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, 2 parts of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, 30 parts of calcium formate and 70 parts of water; wherein the concentration of the composite bacterial liquid is 9 multiplied by 109cells/mL。
(2) Mixing maltodextrin, fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, stirring uniformly, sequentially adding hibiscus plant gum, calcium formate and water, stirring for 10-20min at 40-60 ℃, cooling to room temperature after stirring, adding the compound bacterial liquid, and stirring uniformly to obtain the compound environment-friendly dust suppressant.
Mixing the prepared dust suppressant and water according to a mass ratio of 1: 10, mixing, putting into a sprayer, uniformly spraying in a workshop, and controlling the spraying amount to be 0.5kg/m2. Through detection, the viscosity of the dust suppressant prepared by the invention can reach 110 mPa.s, the moisture retention time can reach 8 days, the dust suppression efficiency can reach 99.9 percent, the dust suppressant can resist wind blowing of 20m/s, and the content of the dust suppressant is 2.0 percent after 20 days of detection.
Example 4
A preparation method of a composite environment-friendly dust suppressant specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing raw materials: 7 parts of compound bacterial liquid, 5 parts of grafted starch, 5 parts of hibiscus plant gum, 3 parts of fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, 2 parts of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, 30 parts of calcium nitrate and 70 parts of water; wherein the concentration of the composite bacterial liquid is 5 multiplied by 109cells/mL。
(2) Mixing the grafted starch, the fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether and the sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, uniformly stirring, sequentially adding the hibiscus plant gum, the calcium nitrate and the water, stirring for 10-20min at 40-60 ℃, cooling to room temperature after stirring, adding the compound bacterial liquid, and uniformly stirring to obtain the compound environment-friendly dust suppressant.
Mixing the prepared dust suppressant and water according to a mass ratio of 1: 10, mixing, putting into a sprayer, uniformly spraying in a workshop, and controlling the spraying amount to be 0.5kg/m2. Through detection, the viscosity of the dust suppressant prepared by the invention can reach 105mPa & s, the moisture retention time can reach 7 days, the dust suppression efficiency can reach 99.9%, the dust suppressant can resist wind blowing of 20m/s, and the content of the dust suppressant is 1.0% after 20 days of detection.
Example 5
A preparation method of a composite environment-friendly dust suppressant specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing raw materialMaterial preparation: 8 parts of compound bacterial liquid, 5 parts of carboxymethyl modified starch, 5 parts of hibiscus plant gum, 3 parts of fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, 2 parts of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, 30 parts of calcium nitrate and 70 parts of water; wherein the concentration of the composite bacterial liquid is 1 × 109cells/mL。
(2) Mixing carboxymethyl modified starch, fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, uniformly stirring, sequentially adding hibiscus plant gum, calcium nitrate and water, stirring for 10-20min at 40-60 ℃, cooling to room temperature after stirring, adding the compound bacterial liquid, and uniformly stirring to obtain the compound environment-friendly dust suppressant.
Mixing the prepared dust suppressant and water according to a mass ratio of 1: 10, mixing, putting into a sprayer, uniformly spraying in a workshop, and controlling the spraying amount to be 0.5kg/m2. Through detection, the viscosity of the dust suppressant prepared by the invention can reach 115mPa & s, the moisture retention time can reach 7 days, the dust suppression efficiency can reach 99.9%, the dust suppressant can resist wind blowing of 20m/s, and the content of the dust suppressant is 1.8% after 20 days of detection.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (9)
1. The compound environment-friendly dust suppressant is characterized by specifically comprising the following raw materials: 5-8 parts of composite bacterial liquid, 2-6 parts of modified starch, 5-10 parts of hibiscus plant gum, 2-4 parts of fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, 1-2 parts of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, 30-40 parts of calcium source and 60-80 parts of water.
2. The compound environment-friendly dust suppressant according to claim 1, specifically comprising the following raw materials: 7 parts of compound bacterial liquid, 5 parts of modified starch, 5 parts of hibiscus plant gum, 3 parts of fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, 2 parts of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, 30 parts of calcium source and 70 parts of water.
3. The compound environment-friendly dust suppressant according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the bacterial species of the compound bacterial liquid comprises: bacillus mucilaginosus, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus lysinate and Aspergillus.
4. The environment-friendly composite type dust suppressant according to claim 3, wherein the concentration of the composite bacterial liquid is 5 x 107-1×1010cells/mL。
5. The compound environment-friendly dust suppressant according to claim 4, wherein the concentration ratio of Bacillus mucilaginosus, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus lysinibacillus and Aspergillus is (1-3) to 2 (2-3) to (1-2).
6. The compound environment-friendly dust suppressant according to claim 1, wherein the modified starch comprises: at least one of cross-linked starch, esterified starch, etherified starch, grafted starch, maltodextrin, amylose starch and carboxymethyl modified starch.
7. The compound environment-friendly dust suppressant according to claim 1, wherein the calcium source comprises: any one of calcium chloride, calcium lactate, calcium nitrate, calcium formate, and calcium acetate.
8. The compound environment-friendly dust suppressant according to claim 1, wherein the calcium ion concentration of the calcium source is 0.5-1.0 mol/L.
9. A preparation method of a compound environment-friendly dust suppressant is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) weighing raw material composite bacterial liquid, modified starch, hibiscus plant gum, fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, a calcium source and water;
(2) and mixing the modified starch, the fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether and the sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, uniformly stirring, sequentially adding the hibiscus plant gum, the calcium source and the water, stirring for 10-20min at 40-60 ℃, cooling to room temperature after stirring, adding the compound bacterial liquid, and uniformly stirring to obtain the compound environment-friendly dust suppressant.
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