CN111845417A

CN111845417A - Method and apparatus for controlling wireless power transmission

Info

Publication number: CN111845417A
Application number: CN202010358657.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 成宰容; 申珉昊
Original assignee: Hyundai Motor Co; Kia Motors Corp; Industry Academy Cooperation Foundation of Myongji University
Current assignee: Hyundai Motor Co; Industry Academy Cooperation Foundation of Myongji University; Kia Corp
Priority date: 2019-04-26
Filing date: 2020-04-26
Publication date: 2020-10-30
Anticipated expiration: 2040-04-26
Also published as: US20200338995A1; US20220001756A1; EP3731366A1; US11407318B2; CN111845417B; US11148537B2

Abstract

A method and apparatus for controlling wireless power transmission is provided, the method being performed by an Electric Vehicle (EV) device that receives power from a supply device. The method includes checking service details and selecting a service with respect to at least one method for fine positioning and pairing between a provisioning device and an EV device. Fine positioning is performed with the provisioning apparatus according to a pairing method associated with the selected service. Further, performing LF pairing based on the selected service; performing an initial alignment check using a pre-charge power transfer; and performing LPE pairing based on the selected service and the results of the initial alignment check.

Description

Method and apparatus for controlling wireless power transmission

Cross Reference to Related Applications

This application claims the benefit of priority to U.S. provisional patent application No. 62/839,347 filed by the U.S. patent and trademark office on day 26 at 4/2019, U.S. provisional patent application No. 62/842,160 filed by day 2 at 5/2019, U.S. provisional patent application No. 62/990,143 filed by day 16 at 3/2020, and korean patent application No. 10-2020-0041422 filed by day 6 at 2020 to the Korean Intellectual Property Office (KIPO), the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

Technical Field

The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for controlling wireless power transmission, and more particularly, to a method for controlling wireless power transmission performed by an Electric Vehicle (EV), an apparatus for controlling wireless power transmission, and a supply device.

Background

An Electric Vehicle (EV) drives an electric motor by electric power of a battery, and has fewer sources of air pollution such as exhaust gas and noise, fewer malfunctions, a long life, and advantageously, simplifies the operation of the EV, as compared to a conventional gasoline engine vehicle. EVs are classified into Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs), plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), and Electric Vehicles (EVs) based on a driving source. The HEV has the engine as the primary power and the motor as the secondary power. The PHEV has a main power motor and an engine used when the battery is discharged. An EV has a motor, but an EV does not have an engine.

An Electric Vehicle (EV) charging system may be defined as a system for charging a high-voltage battery installed in an EV using a power grid of electric power of an energy storage device or a commercial power source. The EV charging system may have various forms according to the type of EV. For example, EV charging systems may be classified into a conductive type or a contactless Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) type (also referred to as an "inductive type") using a charging cable.

EV charging control may be performed via a communication protocol between the EV and the charging station. Therefore, control of the EV charging session should be performed by the charging station or EV. At this time, the user is required to check the charging state of the EV or control the charging schedule.

Disclosure of Invention

The present disclosure provides a method for controlling wireless power transmission performed by an Electric Vehicle (EV) and an apparatus for controlling wireless power transmission. The present disclosure also provides a method for Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) performed by a provisioning device.

According to an example embodiment of the present disclosure, a method for controlling Wireless Power Transfer (WPT), performed by an Electric Vehicle (EV) device receiving power from a supply device, may include: checking service details regarding at least one method of fine positioning and pairing between the provisioning device and the EV device, and selecting a service; performing fine positioning with the provisioning apparatus based on the pairing method associated with the selected service; performing Low Frequency (LF) pairing based on the selected service; performing an initial alignment check using a pre-charge power transfer; and performing low power incentives (LPE) pairing based on the selected service and the results of the initial alignment check.

Performing the initial alignment check using the pre-charge power transfer may include: determining whether to perform WPT fine positioning and pairing renegotiation based on a pre-charge power received from a provisioning device. Determining whether to perform the WPT fine positioning and pairing renegotiation based on the pre-charge power received from the provisioning device may include: determining whether a minimum power transfer efficiency of the precharge power is greater than or equal to a reference value; confirming that the misalignment occurs when the minimum power transfer efficiency is less than a reference value; and performing WPT fine positioning and pairing renegotiation according to the misalignment determination.

The service discovery response message provided by the provisioning apparatus for checking the service details may include a parameter indicating whether service renegotiation is possible. Service renegotiation may be triggered during charging by a charging loop (chargingloop) message of the provisioning device or by a power delivery request (PowerDeliveryReq) message of the EV device. Service renegotiation may also be triggered when the provisioning device and the EV device wake up from the charge pause period.

The method may further comprise: in response to determining the WPT fine positioning and pairing renegotiation, re-performing the steps of: check service details and select service, perform fine positioning, and perform LF pairing. Additionally, the method may include: after performing the LF pairing, authorization is performed between the EV device and the provisioning device. Performing LPE pairing based on the selected service and the result of the initial alignment check may be performed when it is determined that the minimum power transfer efficiency is greater than or equal to the reference value.

Further, in accordance with an example embodiment of the present disclosure, an apparatus for controlling Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) in an Electric Vehicle (EV) device may include at least one processor and a memory configured to store at least one instruction executable by the at least one processor. The at least one instruction, when executed by the at least one processor, is configured to: checking service details regarding a method for fine positioning and pairing between the provisioning device and the EV device, and selecting a service; performing fine positioning with the provisioning apparatus based on the pairing method associated with the selected service; performing Low Frequency (LF) pairing based on the selected service; performing an initial alignment check using a pre-charge power transfer; and performing low power incentives (LPE) pairing based on the selected service and the results of the initial alignment check.

The apparatus for controlling a WPT may further include: an EV communication controller (EVCC) configured to communicate with a provisioning apparatus using wireless communication; and an EV device P2PS controller connected to the supply device P2PS using a Low Frequency (LF) signal. The service discovery response message provided by the provisioning apparatus for checking the service details may include a parameter indicating whether service renegotiation is possible.

The service renegotiation may be triggered during charging by a charging loop message of the provisioning device or by a power delivery request (PowerDeliveryReq) message of the EV device, or triggered when the provisioning device and the EV device wake up from a charging suspend period. The at least one instruction may also be configured to determine whether to perform WPT fine positioning and pairing renegotiation based on a pre-charge power received from the provisioning device.

Additionally, the at least one instruction is configured to: determining whether a minimum power transfer efficiency of the precharge power is greater than or equal to a reference value; confirming that the misalignment occurs when the minimum power transfer efficiency is less than a reference value; and determining to perform WPT fine positioning and pairing renegotiation based on the misalignment. The at least one instruction is further configured to: in response to determining the WPT fine positioning and pairing renegotiation, re-performing checking service details and selecting a service, performing fine positioning, and performing LF pairing.

Further, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, a Wireless Power Transmission (WPT) method performed by a supply device supplying power to an Electric Vehicle (EV) device may include: in response to receiving a service detail checking request from the EV device, checking a service status with respect to at least one method for fine positioning and pairing between the provisioning device and the EV device and transmitting a response based on the checking; performing fine positioning with the EV device according to a pairing method associated with the service selected by the EV device; performing Low Frequency (LF) pairing based on the selected service; transmitting pre-charge power for initial alignment checking to the EV device; performing low power incentives (LPE) pairing based on the selected service and results of the initial alignment check; and transmitting the electric power to the EV device.

The EV device may determine WPT fine positioning and pairing renegotiation based on the pre-charge power. The Wireless Power Transmission (WPT) method may further include: in response to determining the WPT fine positioning and pairing renegotiation, the steps of checking service status and sending a response, performing fine positioning, and performing LF pairing are re-performed. The service discovery response message provided by the provisioning apparatus for checking the service details may include a parameter indicating whether service renegotiation is possible. Service renegotiation may be triggered by the provisioning device or the EV device during charging, or when the provisioning device and the EV device wake up from a charge pause period.

According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, improved transmission efficiency may be provided for wireless power transmission by performing Wireless Power Transmission (WPT) fine positioning re-negotiation based on transmission efficiency of pre-charge power.

Drawings

The present disclosure will become more apparent by describing in detail exemplary embodiments thereof with reference to the attached drawings, in which:

fig. 1 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a concept of Wireless Power Transmission (WPT) to which exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied;

fig. 2 is a block diagram for describing elements related to wireless power transmission according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

Fig. 3 is a schematic flowchart of Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 4A to 4B are flowcharts of a service detail checking process in wireless power transmission according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 5A to 5B are flowcharts of a service selection process in wireless power transmission according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 6A-6B are flowcharts of a fine positioning setup (setup) process in wireless power transmission according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 7A-7B are flowcharts of a fine positioning process in wireless power transmission according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 8A to 8D are flowcharts of an LF pairing process in wireless power transmission according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 9A to 9C are flowcharts of an LF pairing hold procedure in wireless power transmission according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 10A to 10B are flowcharts of an authorization process in wireless power transmission according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

11A-11B are flow diagrams of an initial alignment check setup process according to exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure;

12A-12E are flow diagrams of an initial alignment checking process according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 13A-13D are flowcharts of an LPE pairing process according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

Fig. 14A-14C are flowcharts of an LPE pairing stop process according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 15 is a flowchart related to service re-negotiation in Wireless Power Transfer (WPT), according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 16A to 16B are flowcharts of a service detail checking process in wireless power transmission according to another embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 17A to 17D are flowcharts of service selection and fine positioning establishment in wireless power transmission according to another embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 18A to 18D are flowcharts of a fine positioning process and a pairing process in wireless power transmission according to another embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 19A-19E are flow diagrams of LF pair maintenance and initial alignment check establishment in wireless power transfer according to another embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 20A to 20E are flowcharts of an initial alignment check and an LF pairing stop process in wireless power transmission according to another embodiment of the present disclosure;

Fig. 21 is a block diagram of a power transmission control apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure; and

fig. 22 is a block diagram of a wireless power transmission apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

It should be understood that the drawings referred to above are not necessarily drawn to scale, presenting a somewhat simplified representation of various features illustrative of the basic principles of the disclosure. The particular design features of the present disclosure, including, for example, particular sizes, orientations, locations, and shapes, will be determined in part by the particular intended application and use environment.

Detailed Description

The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the disclosure. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising," when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. As used herein, the term "and/or" can include any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

It should be understood that the term "vehicle" or "vehicular" or other similar terms as used herein generally includes motor vehicles, such as passenger cars including Sport Utility Vehicles (SUVs), buses, trucks, various commercial vehicles, watercraft including various watercraft, aircraft, and the like, and may include hybrid vehicles, electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, hydrogen powered vehicles, and other alternative fuel vehicles (e.g., fuels produced by resources other than petroleum). As referred to herein, a hybrid vehicle is a vehicle having two or more power sources, such as a gasoline-powered vehicle and an electric-powered vehicle.

Unless otherwise indicated or apparent from the context, as used herein, the term "about" is to be understood as being within the normal tolerance of the art, e.g., within 2 standard deviations of the mean. "about" can be understood to be within 10%, 9%, 8%, 7%, 6%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, 0.5%, 0.1%, 0.05%, or 0.01% of the stated value. All numerical values provided herein are modified by the term "about," unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.

Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are disclosed herein. However, specific structural and functional details disclosed herein are merely representative for purposes of describing example embodiments of the present disclosure; however, the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure may be embodied in many alternate forms and should not be construed as limited to the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure set forth herein. In describing the various drawings, like reference numerals identify like elements.

It will be understood that, although the terms "first," "second," etc. may be used herein to describe various components, these components should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first component could be designated as a second component, and similarly, a second component could be designated as a first component, without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. The term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one of the associated listed items.

It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it can be directly or indirectly connected to the other element. In other words, for example, there may be intermediate components. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being "directly connected to" another element, there are no intervening elements present.

The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing example embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the disclosure. Unless the context otherwise defines, singular expressions include plural expressions. In the present specification, the terms "comprises" or "comprising" are used to specify the presence of stated features, amounts, steps, operations, elements, components, or combinations thereof, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, amounts, steps, operations, elements, components, or combinations thereof.

Unless defined otherwise, all terms including technical or scientific terms have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. Unless otherwise explicitly defined in this specification, terms defined in commonly used dictionaries are to be interpreted as including the same meaning as the context of the prior art and are not to be interpreted in an ideal or excessively formal sense.

Additionally, one or more of the following methods or aspects thereof may be performed by at least one controller. The term "controller" may refer to a hardware device that may include a memory and a processor. The memory is configured to store program instructions and the processor is specifically programmed to execute the program instructions to perform one or more processes that will be described further below. As described herein, a controller may control the operation of a unit, module, component, device, etc. Further, as one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate, the following methods may be performed by an apparatus that includes a controller in combination with one or more other components.

Further, the control logic of the present disclosure may be embodied as a non-transitory computer readable medium on a computer readable medium containing executable program instructions executed by a processor, controller/control unit, or the like. Examples of computer readable media include, but are not limited to, ROM, RAM, Compact Disc (CD) -ROM, magnetic tape, floppy disk, flash drive, smart card, and optical data storage. The computer readable recording medium CAN also be distributed over network coupled computer systems so that the computer readable medium is stored and executed in a distributed fashion, such as over a telematics server or a Controller Area Network (CAN).

According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, an EV charging system may be defined as a system for charging a high-voltage battery installed in an EV using a power grid of a commercial power source or electric power of an energy storage device. The EV charging system may have various forms according to the type of EV. For example, EV charging systems may be classified as a conductive type or a contactless Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) type (also referred to as an "inductive type") using a charging cable. The power source may include a residential or public electric service or a generator utilizing on-board fuel, etc.

Additional terms used in the present disclosure are defined as follows.

"Electric Vehicle (EV)": the on-highway vehicle defined in 49CFR 523.3 is driven by an electric motor that draws current from an on-board energy storage device, such as a battery, that is rechargeable from an off-board source, such as a residential or utility power service or an on-board fuel-powered generator. EVs may be four-wheel or more vehicles used primarily on public streets or roads.

EVs may include electric vehicles, electric automobiles, Electric Road Vehicles (ERVs), plug-in vehicles (PVs), plug-in vehicles (xevs), and the like, and xevs may be classified as plug-in electric-only vehicles (BEVs), battery electric vehicles, plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs), Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs), hybrid plug-in electric vehicles (HPEVs), plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), and the like.

"plug-in electric vehicle (PEV)": an EV recharges an on-board primary battery by connecting to the power grid.

"plug-in vehicle (PV)": an electric vehicle that can be recharged from an Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSE) via wireless charging without the use of a physical plug or physical receptacle.

"heavy vehicle (h.d. vehicle)": 49CFR 523.6 or 49CFR 37.3 (bus) is defined in any four or more wheeled vehicle.

"light plug-in electric vehicle": three-or four-wheeled vehicles propelled by electric motors that draw current from rechargeable storage batteries or other energy sources, primarily for public streets, roads and highways, and that are rated for a total vehicle weight of less than 4,545 kilograms.

"Wireless Charging System (WCS)": system for wireless power transfer and control between GA and VA including alignment and communication. The system transfers electrical energy from a supply network to an electric vehicle via a two-part loosely coupled transformer.

"Wireless Power Transfer (WPT)": power is contactlessly transmitted from an Alternating Current (AC) supply network to an electric vehicle.

"utility": a group of systems that provide electrical energy and may include Customer Information Systems (CIS), Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI), rate and revenue systems, and the like. Utilities may provide energy to EVs based on rate tables and discrete events. Additionally, the utility may provide information about EV authentication, power consumption measurement intervals, and tariffs.

"intelligent charging": a system in which EVSE and/or PEV communicate with the grid to optimize the charging or discharging rate of the EV by reflecting the capacity or usage cost of the grid.

"automatic charging": a process in which inductive charging is automatically performed after a vehicle is in place corresponding to a primary charger assembly that can transfer power. The automatic charging may be performed after obtaining the necessary authorization and rights.

"interoperability": each component of the system interacts with a corresponding component of the system to perform a state of operation for which the system is directed. Further, information interoperability may refer to the ability of two or more networks, systems, devices, applications, or components to effectively share and easily use information without inconveniencing the user.

"inductive charging system": a system for transferring energy from a power source to an EV via a two-part gapped core transformer in which the two halves of the transformer (i.e., the primary and secondary windings) are physically separated from each other. In the present disclosure, the inductive charging system may correspond to an EV power transfer system.

"inductive coupler": the transformer formed by the coil in the GA coil and the coil in the VA coil allows power to be transmitted through electrical isolation.

"inductive coupling": magnetic coupling between the two coils. In this disclosure, coupling between the GA coil and the VA coil.

"ground component (GA)": the infrastructure components include the GA coil, power/frequency conversion unit and GA controller necessary for use as a power source for the wireless charging system, as well as wiring between the grid and the units, filter circuits, at least one housing, and the like. The GA may include communication elements necessary for communication between the GA and the VA.

"vehicle component (VA)": the components on the vehicle, including the VA coil, rectifier/power conversion unit and VA controller necessary for the vehicle components serving as a wireless charging system, as well as the wiring between the vehicle battery and the units, filter circuits, at least one housing, etc. The VA may include the communication elements necessary to communicate between the VA and the GA. The GA may be referred to as a supply device, while the VA may be referred to as an EV device.

"supply device": an apparatus provides contactless coupling with an EV device. In other words, the supply device may be an apparatus external to the EV. When the EV is receiving power, the supply device may operate as a source of power to be transmitted. The supply device may include a housing and all of the covers.

"EV device": an EV-mounted device providing a contactless coupling to a supply. In other words, the EV device may be installed in the EV. When the EV is receiving power, the EV device may transmit power from the primary battery to the EV. The EV device may include a housing and all of the covers.

"GA controller": a portion of the GA that adjusts an output power level to the GA coil based on information from the vehicle.

"VA controller": part of VA, which monitors certain onboard parameters during charging and initiates communication with GA to regulate output power level. The GA controller may be referred to as a Supply Power Circuit (SPC), and the VA controller may be referred to as an Electric Vehicle (EV) power circuit (EVPC).

"magnetic gap": the vertical distance between the upper plane of the top of the strands or the top of the magnetic material in the GA coil and the lower plane of the magnetic material in the bottom of the strands or the VA coil when aligned.

"ambient temperature": the ground temperature of the air measured in the subsystem under consideration and not in direct sunlight.

"vehicle ground clearance": the vertical distance between the ground and the lowest part of the vehicle chassis.

"vehicle magnetic ground clearance": the plane of the lower part of the litz wire base or the vertical distance between the magnetic material and the ground in a VA coil mounted on a vehicle.

"VA coil magnetic surface distance": the distance between the plane of the closest magnetic or conductive component surface when mounted and the lower outer surface of the VA coil. This distance may include any protective covering and other items that may be packaged in the VA coil enclosure. The VA coil may be referred to as a secondary coil, a vehicle coil, or a receive coil. Similarly, the GA coil may be referred to as a primary coil or a transmit coil.

"bare conductive component": conductive components of an electrical device (e.g., an electric vehicle) may be touched and generally not energized, but may be energized in the event of a fault.

"hazardous live components": charged components may produce harmful electrical shocks under certain conditions.

"charged component": any conductor or conductive component intended to be electrically charged during normal use.

"direct contact": contact of a person with the charged component. (see IEC61440)

"indirect contact": human contact with bare, conductive and energized components that are charged due to an insulation fault. (see IEC 61140)

"alignment": a process of finding a relative location of a supply device and an EV device for a specified effective power transfer and/or finding a relative location of an EV device and a supply device. In this disclosure, alignment may refer to fine positioning of a wireless power transfer system.

"pairing": a process of associating a vehicle with a dedicated supply device, the vehicle being located on the dedicated supply device and transmitting power from the dedicated supply device. Pairing can include a process that associates the VA controller and GA controller of the charging point. The correlation/association procedure may comprise an association procedure of a relationship between two peer communication entities.

"High Level Communication (HLC)": HLC is a special type of digital communication. For other services not covered by command and control communications, HLC must be used. The data link of the HLC may use Power Line Communication (PLC), but the data link of the HLC is not limited to PLC.

"low power actuation (LPE)": LPE refers to a technique to activate provisioning devices for fine positioning and pairing so that EVs detect provisioning devices, and vice versa.

"Service Set Identifier (SSID)": the SSID is a unique identifier consisting of 32 characters appended to the header of a packet transmitted over the wireless LAN. The SSID identifies a Basic Service Set (BSS) to which the wireless device attempts to connect. The SSID can distinguish between multiple wireless LANs. Therefore, all Access Points (APs) and all terminal/station devices to use a specific wireless LAN can use the same SSID. Devices that do not use a unique SSID cannot join the BSS. Since the SSID is displayed as plain text, the SSID may not provide any security functions for the network.

"Extended Service Set Identifier (ESSID)": ESSID is the name of the network to which it is desired to connect. ESSID is similar to SSID, but the concept is more extended.

"Basic Service Set Identifier (BSSID)": a BSSID consisting of 48 bits is used to distinguish a specific BSS. With an infrastructure BSS network, the BSSID may be configured as a Medium Access Control (MAC) for the AP device. For independent BSSs or ad hoc networks, the BSSID may be generated using any value.

Further, the charging station can include at least one GA and at least one GA controller configured to manage the at least one GA. The GA may comprise at least one wireless communication device. A charging station may refer to a place or location having at least one GA installed in a home, office, public place, road, parking lot, etc. According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, "rapid charging" may refer to a method of directly converting Alternating Current (AC) power of a power system into Direct Current (DC) power and supplying the converted DC power to a battery mounted on an EV. Specifically, the voltage of the DC power may be DC 500 volts (V) or less.

According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, "slow charging" may refer to a method of charging a battery installed on an EV using AC power supplied to a general home or work place. The outlet in each home or work place or the outlet provided in the charging stand may supply AC power, and the voltage of the AC power may be AC 220V or less. The EV may also include an on-board charger (OBC) configured to boost AC power for slow charging, convert the AC power to DC power, and provide the converted DC power to the battery.

In addition, frequency tuning may be used for performance optimization according to exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. Specifically, frequency tuning may be performed by the provisioning device, and may not be performed by the EV device. In addition, all supplies may be required to provide frequency tuning over the entire range. An Electric Vehicle Power Controller (EVPC) may be configured to operate in a frequency range between about 81.38kHz and 90.00 kHz. A nominal frequency (hereinafter referred to as a target frequency, design frequency, or resonant frequency) of magnetic field wireless power transfer (MF-WPT) may be about 85 kHz. The power supply circuit may provide frequency tuning.

Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be explained in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Fig. 1 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a concept of Wireless Power Transmission (WPT) to which exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied.

As shown in fig. 1, WPT may be performed by at least one component of an Electric Vehicle (EV)10 and a charging station 20, and may be used to wirelessly transmit power to the EV 10. Specifically, EV10 may generally be defined as a vehicle that provides electrical power stored in a rechargeable energy storage device including battery 12 as a source of energy for an electric motor, which is the electric drivetrain of EV 10.

However, an EV 10 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure may include a Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) having an electric motor and an internal combustion engine, and may include automobiles as well as motorcycles, carts, scooters, and electric bicycles. In addition, the EV 10 may include a power receiving pad 11, the power receiving pad 11 having a receiving coil for wirelessly charging the battery 12, and may include a plug connector for wire charging the battery 12. Specifically, the EV 10 configured to wire charge the battery 12 may be referred to as a plug-in electric vehicle (PEV).

The charging station 20 may be connected to an electrical grid 30 or power backbone and may provide Alternating Current (AC) power or Direct Current (DC) power to a power transmitting pad 21 having a transmitting coil via a power link. In addition, the charging station 20 may be configured to communicate with an infrastructure management system or an infrastructure server that manages the power grid 30 or the electric power network via wired/wireless communication, and perform wireless communication with the EV 10. The wireless communication may be bluetooth, ZigBee, cellular, Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN), etc. For example, the charging station 20 may be located in various locations including a parking lot attached to a house, a parking lot for charging EVs at a gas station, a parking lot at a shopping center or a work place, but the present disclosure is not limited to such a location.

The process of wirelessly charging the battery 12 of the EV 10 may begin with first disposing the power receiving pad 11 of the EV 10 in the energy field generated by the power transmitting pad 21, and coupling the receiving and transmitting coils to one another. As a result of the interaction or coupling, an electromotive force may be induced in the power receiving pad 11, and the battery 12 may be charged by the induced electromotive force.

The charging station 20 and the transmission pad 21 may be referred to, in whole or in part, as a ground component (GA), where GA may refer to previously defined meanings. All or part of the interior components of the EV 10 and the receiving pad 11 may be referred to as a vehicle component (VA), where VA may refer to a previously defined meaning. The power transmitting pad or the power receiving pad may be configured to be non-polarized or polarized.

When the pad is non-polarized, one pole (e.g., a first pole) may be disposed in the center of the pad, while the opposite pole (e.g., a second pole) may be disposed at the periphery. In particular, a magnetic flux may be formed that exits from the center of the pad and returns to the outer boundary of the pad. When the pad is polarized, the respective poles may be disposed at either end of the pad. Specifically, the magnetic flux may be formed based on the orientation of the pad. In the present disclosure, the transmitting pad 21 or the receiving pad 11 may be collectively referred to as a "wireless charging pad".

Fig. 2 is a block diagram for describing elements related to wireless power transmission according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. Magnetic field wireless power transfer (MF-WPT) for EVs may be defined as transferring electrical energy from a supply network between a primary device and a secondary device via an electric field and/or a magnetic field or wave without requiring current to flow through a current connection. Referring to FIG. 2, MF-WPT may be performed between the provisioning device 100 and the EV device 200. Specifically, the provisioning device 100 may be connected to a provisioning network, and the EV device 200 may be associated with a Rechargeable Energy Storage System (RESS).

More specifically, the supply device 100 may include a Supply Power Circuit (SPC)130, a supply device communication controller (SECC)140, and a supply device point-to-point signal (P2PS) controller 150. The supply power circuit 130 may include a primary device 131 and supply power electronics 132. EV device 200 may include an EV power circuit (EVPC)230, an EV communication controller (EVCC)240, and an EV device P2PS controller 250. The EV power circuitry 230 may include a secondary device 231 and EV power electronics 232.

As shown in fig. 2, a wireless power flow (a) may exist between the primary device 131 and the secondary device 231. In other words, wireless power transfer from the primary device 131 to the secondary device 231 may occur. In addition, a wireless P2PS interface (b) may be formed between the provisioning device P2PS controller 150 and the EV device P2PS controller 250, and a wireless communication interface c may be formed between the provisioning device communication controller 140 and the EV communication controller 240. Wireless communication between the provisioning device communication controller and the EV communication controller may be performed based on IEEE Std 802.11. In addition, the P2PS interface formed between the provisioning device P2PS controller 150 and the EV device P2PS controller 250 may be implemented based on LF signaling.

Fig. 3 is a schematic flow diagram of a Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure. Referring to fig. 3, a wireless power transmission method according to the present disclosure may include the steps of: service details and service selection (S310), fine positioning establishment and fine positioning (S320), LF pairing and LF pairing hold (S330), authorization (S340), initial alignment check establishment and initial alignment check (S350), LPE pairing and LPE pairing stop (S360).

The wireless power transmission according to the present disclosure may be performed by a supply device and an EV device. More specifically, wireless power transmission according to the present disclosure may be performed by the provisioning device communication controller (SECC)140, one of the provisioning power circuit (SPC)130 and the provisioning device P2PS controller 150 in the provisioning device, and the EV communication controller (EVCC)240, the EV power circuit 230, and the EV device P2PS controller 250 in the EV device 200.

The supply power circuit 130 may include a SD WPT controller and a SD Low Power Excitation (LPE) controller. SD P2PS controller 150 may include a SD Low Frequency (LF) controller and a SD LF antenna. Additionally, the EV power circuit 230 may include an EV WPT controller and an EV LPE controller. EV device P2PS controller 250 may include an EV LF controller and an EV LF antenna.

Details of each step indicated in fig. 3 will be described below with reference to fig. 4A to 14C. For convenience of explanation, fig. 4A to 14C are described as blocks in which the supply device 100 is separated from the supply device communication controller (SECC)140, the Supply Power Circuit (SPC)130, and the supply device P2PS controller 150. However, it should be understood that the supply device may include a supply device communication controller (SECC)140, a Supply Power Circuit (SPC)130, and a supply device P2PS controller 150. Further, the supply apparatus 100 illustrated in fig. 4A to 14C may also be understood as a main processor of a supply apparatus configured to perform wireless power transmission according to the present disclosure.

In the same context, EV device 200 may also include an EV communication controller (EVCC)240, an EV power circuit 230, and an EV device P2PS controller 250. Further, the EV device 200 shown in fig. 4A to 14C may also be understood as a main processor of an EV device configured to perform wireless power transmission according to the present disclosure.

Fig. 4A to 4B are flowcharts of a service detail checking process in wireless power transmission according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. Referring to fig. 4A-4B, in the service detail checking process, in response to a service detail checking request from the EV device, the EV power circuit 230, the EV device P2PS controller 250, the supply power circuit 130, and the supply device P2PS controller 150 may be configured to check the state of the EV LPE, the state of the EV LF, the state of the Supply Device (SD) LPE, and the state of the SD LF, and return each state information to the EV device (e.g., transmit information of the state information to the EV device).

Fig. 5A to 5B are flowcharts of a service selection process in wireless power transmission according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. Referring to fig. 5A through 5B, the EV device 200 may be configured to compare services that the EV device can provide and services that the provisioning device can provide based on the state of the EV LPE, the state of the EV LF, the state of the SD LPE, and the state of the SD LF confirmed through the service detail check (S510).

Specifically, in this step, the EV device 200 may be configured to check or determine that the service that the EV device (EVD) can provide is LPE, LF, or both LPE and LF, check or determine that the service that the provisioning device (SD) can provide is LPE, LF, or both LPE and LF, and compare the available services of the EV device and the provisioning device. In response to determining that the type of service that can be provided by the EV device and the type of service that can be provided by the provisioning device SD are different, the service session may be terminated or a re-association procedure may be performed (S520). In response to determining that both the EV device and the provisioning device (SD) are capable of providing one or more services of the same type, the EV device may be configured to select the one or more services (S530) and send or transmit the service selection result to the provisioning device 100 through the EVCC 240.

Fig. 6A-6B are flowcharts of a fine positioning establishment procedure in wireless power transmission according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. In the fine positioning establishment procedure (S610), the EV device may be configured to check or determine the fine positioning method selected through the service detail check and service selection procedure. Depending on whether the EV device is using LF, LPE, or both LF and LPE for fine positioning, the EV device may send a fine positioning initialization request (fine positioning initialization req.) to the EV LPE controller and/or the EV device P2PS controller and receive a response (fine positioning initialization res) to the initialization request from the controller.

The EV device 200 may be configured to send a fine positioning setup request (fine positioning setup req.) to the provisioning device when the acknowledgement of the LPE and/or LF for fine positioning is completed. The provisioning apparatus 100 may be configured to perform a fine positioning setup procedure (S620) by sending a fine positioning initialization request (finepostioninginalizationreq) to the SD LPE controller or the SDP2PS controller and receiving a response (finepostioninginalizationres) from the controller based on whether the provisioning apparatus performs fine positioning using two methods, LF, LPE, or LF and LPE.

Fig. 7A to 7B are flowcharts of a fine positioning process in wireless power transmission according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. When the fine positioning establishment process is completed, the EV device may be configured to transmit a fine positioning waiting request signal (fine positioning awaitreq.) to the EV power circuit 230 and the EV device P2PS controller 250, and receive a response signal from the controller (S710). The supplying device may be further configured to transmit a fine positioning waiting request signal to the SD power circuit 130 and the supplying device P2PS controller 150, and receive a response signal from the controller (S720). In the pairing process, LF pairing or LPE pairing may be performed according to the fine positioning methods provided by the EV device and the supply device, and when both positioning methods are used, LF pairing and LPE pairing may be performed.

Fig. 8A to 8D are flowcharts of an LF pairing procedure in wireless power transmission according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in fig. 8A-8D, during LF pairing, EV device P2PS controller 250 may be configured to transmit a magnetic field using an EV LF antenna based on an LF pairing start request (LFParingStartReq.) from the EV device (S810). The provisioning device 100 may be configured to detect a magnetic field (i.e., LF signal) transmitted by the EV LF antenna using the SD LF antenna and reply to the EV device that LF pairing data has been received (S820).

Fig. 9A to 9C are flowcharts of an LF pairing hold procedure in wireless power transmission according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. The LF pairing may be maintained by a pairing hold request, as shown in fig. 9A-9C.

Fig. 10A to 10B are flowcharts of an authorization process in wireless power transmission according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in fig. 10A to 10B, after the LF pairing, when the ongoing process is the WPT fine positioning re-negotiation process (yes in S1010), the authorization process may be omitted.

Authorization may be performed between the EV device 200 and the provisioning device 100 based on an authorization request (EVDAuthorizationReq) from the EV device. Additionally, the authorization process may include an identification detail checking process. The identification detail checking process may be performed such that the EV device transmits an identification detail request (evdinationationdetailreq; identifiationdetailreq) to the provisioning device and receives a response (sdidentiationdetailres; identifiationdetailres) from the provisioning device.

Fig. 11A through 11B are flowcharts of an initial alignment check setup process according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. In the initial alignment check establishment process, the EV device may be configured to transmit an initial alignment check establishment request to the supply device 100 and request the EV power circuit 230 to perform precharge initialization and precharge waiting (S1110). In response to receiving the request from the EV device, the power supply device 100 may be configured to request the SD WPT controller of the supply power circuit 130 to perform the precharge initialization and the precharge waiting (S1120).

Fig. 12A to 12E are flowcharts of an initial alignment checking process according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. After the initial alignment check setup procedure, the EV device 200 may be configured to transmit an initial alignment check start request (initialalalignmentcheckstartreq.) to the provisioning device 100. In response to receiving the request, the provisioning device may be configured to request the SD WPT controller to transmit the precharge power. The EV power circuit 230 of the EV device may be configured to receive the precharge power transmitted by the supply device, and the EV device may be configured to determine whether to renegotiate the WPT fine positioning based on the received precharge power (S1200).

More specifically, in determining whether to renegotiate WPT fine positioning (S1200), the EV device may be configured to determine whether a minimum power transmission efficiency of the precharge power received from the supply device is greater than or equal to a reference value. When the minimum power transmission efficiency is greater than or equal to the reference value, the LF pairing-stop procedure and the LPE pairing procedure may be performed without renegotiating the WPT fine positioning. Specifically, the reference value relating to the power transmission efficiency may be about 85%.

On the other hand, in response to determining that the minimum power transfer efficiency is less than the reference value, the EV device may be configured to determine that misalignment has occurred and determine whether to perform WPT pairing again (e.g., whether to repeat WPT pairing). If WPT pairing is not performed again, alignment may be stopped, security monitoring and diagnostic checks may be performed, and the V2G communication session may be terminated or re-association may be performed. Conversely, when the WPT pairing is repeated, it may be determined whether the number of times the WPT pairing is re-executed is greater than or equal to a threshold value for the number of times the WPT pairing is repeated. In response to determining that the number of times the WPT pairing is re-performed is less than a threshold, another WPT pairing process may be performed.

Additionally, in response to determining that the number of WPT pair re-executions is greater than or equal to a threshold of WPT pair repetitions, LF services and/or LPE services of the EV device and the provisioning device may be checked and WPT fine positioning re-negotiation may proceed. Continuing WPT fine positioning renegotiation means that the current process proceeds to the service selection step described in the exemplary embodiments of fig. 5A and 5B, and the fine positioning establishment and fine positioning, LF pairing and LF pairing hold processes may be repeated. Meanwhile, as described by fig. 10A and 10B, the authorization step may be omitted in the WPT fine positioning renegotiation process.

Fig. 13A-13D are flowcharts of an LPE pairing process according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. When the initial alignment check is complete, the provisioning device may be configured to receive an LPE pairing request from the EV device and operate the primary device to send a magnetic field, i.e., an LPE signal, through the SD WPT controller. For LPE pairing, the secondary device of the EV device may be configured to receive LPE signals transmitted by the primary device of the SDWPT controller.

Fig. 14A to 14C are flowcharts of an LPE pairing stop process according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. During LPE pairing, the EV device may be configured to compare a tolerance region of the supply device to a position value of the EV device, compare a center alignment point of the supply device to the position value of the EV device, and determine whether to continue or stop pairing. In response to determining to stop the LPE pairing, the SD WPT controller of the supplying device may be configured to instruct the primary device to stop sending the magnetic field (i.e., the LPE signal). After the LPE pairing is stopped, actual power transfer may be performed between the primary device and the secondary device.

Meanwhile, after the actual power transfer process is started, the charging process may be stopped (or the charging session may be interrupted). According to example embodiments of the present disclosure, a charging session may be stopped when service renegotiation for WPT fine positioning and pairing is required, as described below.

Fig. 15 is a flowchart related to service re-negotiation in Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, a procedure considered in service renegotiation during wireless power transmission may include the steps of: session establishment (S1510), service discovery (S1520), service selection (S1530), charging loop (S1540), power delivery (S1550), and session stop (S1560).

As described above, the EV may require a service renegotiation procedure to select a different set of services or different parameter values for the same service, which is a procedure for the EVCC or the SECC to reconsider the current service selection. Examples of service changes may include changing from planned control to dynamic control and vice versa, changing between AC charging and DC charging, and adding or deleting Value Added Services (VAS).

In a charging session, the SECC may be configured to indicate, via a first service discovery response (servicediscovery res) message, whether service renegotiation is possible during the session. The servicedecoveyres message may contain parameters with the following characteristics:

-parameter name: serviceregrounting allowed

-type: boolean

-comprising: force the

The "servicerecertiationallowed" may be included and set in the first servicediscover res message and must not be changed during the entire session. If the EVCC or SECC violates the decision made by the parameter, the session may end.

In the exemplary embodiment of fig. 15, two cases where service renegotiation occurs are shown. The first case is to trigger a service renegotiation during or during charging. For example, service renegotiation may be triggered during exchange of charge loop messages such as AC _ energy transfer loop, DC _ energy transfer loop, and WPT _ energy transfer loop (S1540). When the SECC triggers service renegotiation, the SECC may be configured to indicate its intention for service renegotiation by setting "evtransmission. However, if the serviceconnectivity allowed "parameter is set to" False ", the EV may ignore this parameter.

When the EVCC triggers service renegotiation, a powerdelaveryreq message with the ChargeProgress parameter set to "Stop" may be sent to the SECC, and the current sequence continues until the session stops. In addition, the EVCC may be configured to transmit a SessionStopReq message in which ChargingSession is set to "serviceconnectivity". If the ResponseCode of the SessionStopRes message is "OK," the EVCC may be configured to send a servicediscover req message to the SECC to select a selection service thereafter.

If the ResponseCode of the SessionStopRes message indicates that service renegotiation is not allowed (e.g., "FAILED _ servicerenegotiationsupported"), the session may end. For example, if serviceconnectivity allowed is set to "False", the SECC may be configured to send a sessionstoprs message with ResponseCode set to "FAILED _ serviceconnectivity supported".

A second case related to service renegotiation is that service renegotiation is triggered upon waking from a pause period. The suspension period is a duration of the session in which no energy is transmitted and no communication between the EVCC and the SECC is active. Upon waking up, triggered by either the EVCC or the SECC, the EVCC and SECC may follow a complete sequence from session establishment (S1510) to charging loop (S1540).

In order for the SECC to trigger service re-negotiation, the SECC may provide a different set of services and parameters in the servicediscover res message and/or the ServiceDetailRes message. Meanwhile, the servicediscoverres message and the ServiceDetailRes message are messages to which the SEC responds according to the service detail check request from the EV device, and may be understood to have the same or similar meaning or function. To trigger service renegotiation by the EVCC, whether or not the SECC triggers first, the EVCC may be configured to select a different service and/or parameter than before. The EVCC may stop the session if the SECC does not provide the same service/parameters when service renegotiation is not allowed. If the EVCC selects a different service/parameter than the service/parameter it previously selected, the SECC may be configured to send a response code "FAILED _ NoServiceRenectionSupported".

Fig. 16A to 20E illustrate a flowchart of a wireless power transmission method according to another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. A wireless power transmission method according to another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure may include the steps of: service detail check, service selection, fine positioning establishment, fine positioning, LF pairing hold, initial alignment check establishment, and LF pairing stop.

Fig. 16A to 16B are flowcharts of a service detail checking process in wireless power transmission according to another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. In the service detail checking process, in response to a service detail checking request of the EV device, the EV power circuit 230, the EV device P2PS controller 250, the supply power circuit 130, and the supply device P2PS controller 150 may be configured to check a state of the EV LPE, a state of the EV LF, a state of the Supply Device (SD) LPE, and a state of the SD LF, and return each state information to the EV device.

Fig. 17A to 17D are flowcharts of service selection and fine positioning establishment in wireless power transmission according to another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. Referring to fig. 17A to 17D, in the service selection process, the EV device 200 may be configured to compare the service that the EV device can provide and the service that the provisioning device can provide based on the state of the EVLPE, the state of the EV LF, the state of the SD LPE, and the state of the SD LF confirmed by the service detail check.

Specifically, in this step, the EV device 200 may be configured to check whether the service that the EV device (EVD) can provide is LPE, LF, or both LPE and LF, check whether the service that the provisioning device (SD) can provide is LPE, LF, or both LPE and LF, and compare the available services of the EV device and the provisioning device. In response to determining that the type of service that the EV device can provide and the type of service that the provisioning device SD can provide are different, the service session may be terminated or a re-association procedure may be performed. In response to determining that both the EV device and the provisioning device (SD) are capable of providing the same type of service or services, the EV device may be configured to select the service or services and send the service selection result to the provisioning device 100 through the EVCC 240.

In the fine positioning establishment procedure following the service selection procedure, the EV device may first be configured to check the selected fine positioning method by the service detail check and the service selection procedure. Depending on whether the EV device uses LF, LPE, or both LF and LPE for fine positioning, the EV device may be configured to send a fine positioning initialization request (fine positioning initialization req.) to the EV LPE controller and/or the EV device P2PS controller, and receive a response (fine positioning initialization res) to the initialization request from these controllers. The EV device may be configured to send a fine positioning setup request (finepositioning setup req.) to the provisioning device upon completion of the acknowledgement of the LPE and/or LF for fine positioning. The provisioning apparatus may be configured to perform a fine positioning setup procedure (S620), send a fine positioning initialization request (fine positioning initialization req) to the SD LPE controller or the SD P2PS controller, and receive a response (fine positioning initialization res) therefrom, by performing fine positioning based on whether the provisioning apparatus uses LF, LPE, or both methods.

Fig. 18A to 18D are flowcharts of a fine positioning process and a pairing process in wireless power transmission according to another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. When the fine positioning establishment procedure is complete, the EV device may be configured to send a fine positioning wait request signal (fine positioning awaitreq.) to the EV power circuitry 230 and the EV device P2PS controller 250, and receive a response signal from the controller. The provisioning device may also be configured to send a fine positioning wait request signal to the SD power circuit 130 and the provisioning device P2PS controller 150, and receive a response signal from the controller.

During LF pairing following the fine location establishment procedure, EV device P2PS controller 250 may be configured to transmit a magnetic field using an EV LF antenna in accordance with an LF pairing start request (LFPairingStartReq.) from the EV device. The provisioning device 100 may be configured to detect a magnetic field (i.e., LF signal) transmitted by the EV LF antenna using the SD LF antenna, and reply to the EV device that LF pairing data has been received.

Fig. 19A to 19E are flowcharts of LF pair keeping and initial alignment check establishment in wireless power transmission according to another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. During pairing, the EV device may be configured to compare the tolerance region of the supply device to the position value of the EV device, and compare the center alignment point of the supply device to the position value of the EV device to determine whether to continue or stop the WPT pairing. In other words, the LF pair (LF paring) can be held by the pair holding request for a required period of time as shown in fig. 19A.

In the initial alignment check establishment process, the EV device may be configured to transmit an initial alignment check establishment request to the supply device 100 and request the EV power circuit 230 to perform precharge initialization and precharge waiting. In response to receiving a request from an EV device, the supply device 100 may be configured to request the SD WPT controller of the supply power circuit 130 to perform precharge initialization and precharge waiting.

Fig. 20A to 20E are flowcharts of an initial alignment check and an LF pairing stop procedure in wireless power transmission according to another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. After the initial alignment check setup procedure, the EV device 200 may be configured to transmit an initial alignment check start request (initialalalignmentcheckstartreq.) to the provisioning device 100. In response to receiving the request, the provisioning device may be configured to request the SD WPT controller to transmit the precharge power. The EV power circuit 230 of the EV device may be configured to receive the pre-charge power transmitted by the supply device, and the EV device may be configured to determine whether to renegotiate the WPT fine positioning based on the received pre-charge power.

More specifically, in determining whether to renegotiate WPT fine positioning, the EV device may be configured to determine whether a minimum power transfer efficiency of the pre-charge power received from the supply device is greater than or equal to a reference value. In response to determining that the minimum power transfer efficiency is greater than or equal to the reference value, the LF pairing may stop the process and the LPE pairing process may be performed without renegotiating a WPT fine positioning. The reference value related to the power transmission efficiency may be about 85%.

On the other hand, in response to determining that the minimum power transfer efficiency is less than the reference value, the EV device may be configured to determine that misalignment has occurred and determine whether to perform WPT pairing again. If WPT pairing is not performed again, alignment may be stopped, security monitoring and diagnostic checks may be performed, and the V2G communication session may be terminated or re-association may be performed. In contrast, when the WPT pairing is performed again, it may be determined whether the number of times the WPT pairing is re-performed is greater than or equal to a threshold value with respect to the number of times the WPT pairing is repeated. In response to determining that the number of times the WPT pairing is re-performed is less than a threshold, another WPT pairing process may be performed.

In addition, in response to determining that the number of times the WPT pairing is re-performed is greater than or equal to a threshold of WPT pairing repetitions, LF services and/or LPE services of the EV device and the provisioning device may be checked, and WPT fine-positioning re-negotiation may be performed. Continuing WPT fine positioning renegotiation means that the current process may proceed to the service selection step described in the exemplary embodiments of fig. 17A to 17D, and the fine positioning establishment and fine positioning, LF pairing, and LF pairing hold processes may be performed again. Meanwhile, once the initial alignment checking process is completed, the LF pairing may be stopped, and actual power transmission, charging control, and rescheduling between the primary device and the secondary device may be performed.

Fig. 21 is a block diagram of a power transmission control apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. The power transmission control apparatus 200 shown in fig. 21 may be an EV device. In other words, the configuration of the power transmission control apparatus 200 in the present specification is not limited to a name, and may be defined by its function. In addition, a plurality of functions may be performed by one component, and a plurality of functions may be performed by one component. The power transmission control device 200 may include a memory 220 and at least one processor 210, the memory 220 being configured to store at least one instruction for performing the above-described operations by the processor.

The at least one processor may be a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) or a dedicated processor on which the method according to the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure is performed. The memory may include at least one of volatile storage media and non-volatile storage media. For example, the memory may include at least one of Read Only Memory (ROM) and Random Access Memory (RAM).

The at least one instruction may cause the at least one processor to check service details related to a method for fine positioning and pairing between the provisioning device and the EV device, and select a service; performing fine positioning with the provisioning apparatus according to a pairing method associated with the selected service; performing LF pairing based on the selected service; performing an initial alignment check using a pre-charge power transfer; and performing LPE pairing based on the selected service and the results of the initial alignment check.

The power transmission control apparatus 200 may further include: an EV electric power circuit 230 configured to receive electric power supplied by a supply device; an EV communication controller (EVCC)240 configured to communicate with a provisioning apparatus using wireless communication; and an EV device P2PS controller 250 forming a P2PS connection with the supply device using a Low Frequency (LF) signal. Specifically, the EV power circuit may be configured to receive a Low Power Excitation (LPE) signal transmitted by the supply device. The at least one instruction may also cause the at least one processor to perform LPE pairing based on the selected service and a result of performing the initial alignment check, where the minimum power transfer efficiency is greater than or equal to a reference value.

The service discovery response message provided by the provisioning apparatus for checking the service details may include a parameter indicating whether service renegotiation may be performed. Service renegotiation may be triggered by the provisioning device or the EV device during charging, or when the provisioning device and the EV device wake up from a charge pause period.

The at least one instruction may also cause the at least one processor to determine whether to perform WPT fine positioning and pairing renegotiation based on a pre-charge power received from the provisioning device. The at least one instruction may also cause the at least one processor to determine whether a minimum power transfer efficiency of the pre-charge power is greater than or equal to a reference value; confirming that the misalignment occurs when the minimum power transfer efficiency is less than a reference value; and performing WPT fine positioning and pairing renegotiation according to the misalignment determination. The at least one instruction may further cause the at least one processor to re-perform checking service details and selecting a service, performing fine positioning, and performing LF pairing in response to determining the WPT fine positioning and pairing renegotiation.

Fig. 22 is a block diagram of a wireless power transmission apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. The wireless power transmission apparatus 100 shown in the exemplary embodiment shown in fig. 22 may be a supply device. In other words, the configuration of the wireless power transmission apparatus 100 in the present specification is not limited to a name and may be defined by its function. In addition, a plurality of functions may be performed by one component, and a plurality of functions may be performed by one component. The wireless power transmission apparatus 100 may include a memory 120 and at least one processor 110, the memory 120 being configured to store at least one instruction for performing the above-described operations by the processor.

The at least one instruction may cause the at least one processor to: checking a service status related to at least one method for fine positioning and pairing between the provisioning device and the EV device in response to a service detail check request from the EV device, and transmitting a response based on the checking; performing fine positioning with the EV device according to a pairing method associated with the service selected by the EV device; performing LF (low frequency) pairing based on the selected service; transmitting pre-charge power for initial alignment checking to the EV device; performing low power incentives (LPE) pairing based on the selected service and results of the initial alignment check; and transmitting the electric power to the EV device. The wireless power transmission device 100 may further include a power circuit (SPC)130 configured to transmit power to the EV device, a supply device communication controller 140 configured to communicate with the EV device using wireless communication, and a supply device P2PS controller 150 forming a P2PS connection with the EV device using LF signals.

Although some aspects of the disclosure have been described in the context of a device, the disclosure may also represent a description according to a corresponding method, wherein a block or device corresponds to a method step or a feature of a method step. Similarly, aspects described in the context of a method may also be represented by corresponding blocks or items or features of a corresponding apparatus. Some or all of the method steps may be performed by (or using) hardware means, such as for example a microprocessor, a specially programmed computer or electronic circuitry. In various exemplary embodiments, one or more of the most important method steps may be performed by such a device.

In an exemplary embodiment, a programmable logic device (e.g., a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA)) may be used to perform some or all of the functions of the methods described herein. Additionally, the FPGA may be configured to operate in conjunction with the microprocessor to perform one of the methods described herein. Typically, the method is performed by some hardware device.

The foregoing description has been directed to exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. It will be apparent, however, that other variations, substitutions, and modifications of the described exemplary embodiments can be made, and some or all of their advantages can be obtained. Accordingly, this description is to be taken only by way of example and not to otherwise limit the scope of the exemplary embodiments herein. Therefore, it is the object of the appended claims to cover all such variations and modifications as come within the true spirit and scope of the exemplary embodiments herein.

Claims

1. A method for controlling wireless power transfer, performed by an electric vehicle device receiving power from a supply device, the method comprising:

checking service details regarding at least one method of fine positioning and pairing between the provisioning device and the electric vehicle device, and selecting a service;

performing fine positioning with the provisioning device based on a pairing method associated with the selected service;

performing low frequency pairing based on the selected service;

performing an initial alignment check using a pre-charge power transfer; and

performing low power excitation pairing based on the selected service and results of the initial alignment check.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein performing the initial alignment check using pre-charge power transfer comprises: determining whether to perform wireless power transfer fine positioning and pairing renegotiation based on the pre-charge power received from the provisioning device.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein determining whether to perform wireless power transfer fine positioning and pairing renegotiation based on the pre-charge power received from the provisioning device comprises:

Determining whether a minimum power transfer efficiency of the pre-charge power is greater than or equal to a reference value;

confirming that misalignment has occurred when the minimum power transfer efficiency is less than a reference value; and

determining to perform the wireless power transmission fine positioning and pairing renegotiation based on the misalignment.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein a service discovery response message provided by the provisioning apparatus for checking the service details includes a parameter indicating whether service renegotiation is possible.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein the service renegotiation is triggered during charging by a charging loop message of the provisioning device or a power delivery request (PowerDeliveryReq) message of the electric vehicle device.

6. The method of claim 4, wherein the service renegotiation is triggered when the provisioning device and the electric vehicle device wake up from a charge pause period.

7. The method of claim 2, further comprising: in response to determining the wireless power transmission fine positioning and pairing renegotiation, re-performing the steps of: checking the service details and selecting the service, performing the fine positioning, and performing the low frequency pairing.

8. The method of claim 1, further comprising: performing authorization between the electric vehicle device and the supply device after performing the low frequency pairing.

9. The method of claim 3, wherein, in response to determining that the minimum power transfer efficiency is greater than or equal to the reference value: performing the low-power excitation pairing based on the selected service and a result of the initial alignment check.

10. An apparatus for controlling wireless power transfer in an electric vehicle device, comprising a memory and at least one processor, the memory configured to store at least one instruction executable by the at least one processor, wherein the at least one instruction, when executed by the at least one processor, is configured to:

checking service details regarding a method for fine positioning and pairing between a provisioning device and the electric vehicle device, and selecting a service;

performing fine positioning with the provisioning apparatus according to a pairing method associated with the selected service;

performing low frequency pairing based on the selected service;

performing an initial alignment check using a pre-charge power transfer; and

11. The apparatus of claim 10, further comprising:

an electric vehicle communication controller configured to communicate with the supply device using wireless communication; and

and the point-to-point signal controller of the electric vehicle device forms point-to-point signal connection with the supply device by using a low-frequency signal.

12. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein a service discovery response message provided by the provisioning means for checking the service details includes a parameter indicating whether service renegotiation is possible.

13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the service renegotiation is triggered by the provisioning device or by the electric vehicle device during charging, or when the provisioning device and the electric vehicle device wake up from a charge pause period.

14. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the at least one instruction is further configured to determine whether to perform wireless power transfer fine positioning and pairing renegotiation based on the pre-charge power received from the provisioning device.

15. The device of claim 14, wherein the at least one instruction is further configured to:

confirming that misalignment has occurred when the minimum power transfer efficiency is less than a reference value; and is

Determining to perform the wireless power transmission fine positioning and pairing renegotiation according to the misalignment.

16. The device of claim 14, wherein the at least one instruction is further configured to: in response to determining the wireless power transmission fine positioning and pairing renegotiation, re-performing checking the service details and selecting the service, performing the fine positioning, and performing the low frequency pairing.

17. A wireless power transmission method performed by a supply device that supplies electric power to an electric vehicle device, the method comprising:

in response to receiving a service detail checking request from the electric vehicle apparatus, checking a service status with respect to at least one method for fine positioning and pairing between the supply apparatus and the electric vehicle apparatus, and transmitting a response based on the checking;

performing fine positioning with the electric vehicle device according to a pairing method associated with a service selected by the electric vehicle device;

Performing low frequency pairing based on the selected service;

transmitting pre-charge power for initial alignment checking to the electric vehicle device;

performing low power excitation pairing based on the selected service and results of the initial alignment check; and

transmitting power to the electric vehicle device.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein wireless power transfer fine positioning and pairing renegotiation is determined by the electric vehicle device based on the pre-charge power.

19. The method of claim 18, further comprising: in response to determining the wireless power transfer fine positioning and pairing renegotiation, re-performing the steps of checking the service status and sending the response, performing the fine positioning, and performing the low frequency pairing.

20. The method of claim 17, wherein a service discovery response message provided by the provisioning apparatus to check service details includes a parameter indicating whether service renegotiation is possible, and wherein the service renegotiation is triggered by the provisioning apparatus or by the electric vehicle apparatus during charging, or when the provisioning apparatus and the electric vehicle apparatus wake up from a charge pause period.