CN111845319B

CN111845319B - Drive-brake integrated electric wheel integrating disc type hub motor and speed reducer and automobile

Info

Publication number: CN111845319B
Application number: CN201910349706.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陈锋; 汤充; 马志敏; 黄梅仙
Original assignee: Zhejiang VIE Science and Technology Co Ltd
Current assignee: Zhejiang VIE Science and Technology Co Ltd
Priority date: 2019-04-28
Filing date: 2019-04-28
Publication date: 2022-03-18
Anticipated expiration: 2039-04-28
Also published as: CN111845319A

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of wheel hub motor integrated wheels, and discloses a driving and braking integrated electric wheel integrating a disc type wheel hub motor and a speed reducer, which comprises an external wheel rim, a disc type motor, the speed reducer and a brake disc, wherein the disc type motor, the speed reducer and the brake disc are arranged in the wheel rim; the rotor assembly is connected with the input end of the speed reducer to drive the speed reducer to work, the rim is connected with the output end of the speed reducer to realize rotation, the stator assembly is electrified to drive the rotor assembly to rotate to drive the speed reducer to rotate, the output end of the speed reducer rotates around the main shaft through a second bearing arranged on the main shaft, and the output end of the speed reducer drives the rim to rotate; the rotor subassembly includes left rotor and right rotor, and the stator setting is between left rotor and right rotor, left rotor and right rotor fixed connection. The device has the advantages of high integration degree, compact structure, convenience in maintenance and the like.

Description

Drive-brake integrated electric wheel integrating disc type hub motor and speed reducer and automobile

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of hub motors, in particular to a driving and braking integrated electric wheel integrating a disc type hub motor and a speed reducer.

Background

Chinese invention patent 200910137765.9 discloses an integrated hub motor, which discloses the technical scheme as follows: the motor comprises a motor shaft and a stator fixed on the motor shaft, wherein a rotor assembly shell is sleeved outside the stator, the front end and the rear end of the rotor assembly shell are rotatably fixed on the motor shaft through a rotor assembly end cover and a bearing, the two ends of the motor shaft protrude out of the rotor assembly end cover to form a long end and a short end, the outer side of the rotor assembly end cover is fixedly provided with a bearing end cover, the short end of the motor shaft is covered in the bearing end cover, the middle part of the bearing end cover is convexly provided with a bearing end cover shaft which is convexly arranged towards the direction of the motor shaft, and position detection devices are arranged at corresponding positions of the end part of the motor shaft and the bearing end cover shaft; a servo controller is also sleeved on the motor shaft; the position detection device senses the rotation of the bearing end cover shaft and transmits the sensed signal to the servo controller, and the rotating angle or position of the rotor assembly is obtained through the processing of the servo controller, so that the motor is accurately controlled. The technical scheme provides an integrated hub motor for improving the performance of the motor.

Chinese patent application 201780023404.4 discloses a wheel module including a brake, a motor, and a hub unit, and a wheel module according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a hub, a motor, a holding member, and a brake. The hub is for mounting the tire. The motor is disposed inside the hub, and includes a stator and

a rotor assembly. The shaft is fixed to the rotor assembly coaxially with the rotation shaft of the rotor assembly, and transmits the rotation force of the rotor assembly to the hub. The holding member holds the stator. The brake restricts rotation of the shaft. One end of the holding member in the axial direction of the rotating shaft of the rotor assembly is fixedly supported by the support member. The brake is disposed on the side opposite to the hub with the support member interposed therebetween. The shaft extends into the brake through a through hole formed in one end of the holding member and the support member.

The technical scheme has the advantages of complex structure and narrow application range. Meanwhile, the integration degree of the integrated wheel is low, the reliability is poor, and the brake is not designed with the wheel in an integrated mode.

Disclosure of Invention

According to the defects of low transmission sensitivity of braking torque, not compact enough structure, large space occupancy rate and the like in the prior art, the invention provides the driving and braking integrated electric wheel integrating the disc type hub motor and the speed reducer.

In order to solve the technical problem, the invention is solved by the following technical scheme:

the driving and braking integrated electric wheel integrating the disc type hub motor and the speed reducer comprises an external rim, and a disc type motor, the speed reducer and a brake disc which are arranged in the rim, and further comprises a main shaft, wherein the disc type motor comprises a stator and a rotor assembly, the rotor assembly is connected with the main shaft and rotates around the main shaft, and the speed reducer is arranged on the main shaft; the rotor assembly is connected with the input end of the speed reducer to drive the speed reducer to work, the rim is connected with the output end of the speed reducer to realize rotation, the stator assembly is electrified to drive the rotor assembly to rotate to drive the speed reducer to rotate, the output end of the speed reducer rotates around the main shaft through a second bearing arranged on the main shaft, and the output end of the speed reducer drives the rim to rotate; the rotor subassembly includes left rotor and right rotor, and the stator setting is between left rotor and right rotor, left rotor and right rotor fixed connection. This technical scheme is creative integrates disc motor, reduction gear and brake disc in the rim to it integrates the degree height to have realized the integration wheel, makes the assembly simpler, convenient. The mode that adopts the outer rotor has the radiating effect good, can provide great moment, and the outer rotor is maintained conveniently moreover.

Preferably, the main shaft is provided with a hub bearing unit, the main shaft is fixedly connected with the non-rotating part of the hub bearing unit, the rotor assembly is arranged on the rotating part of the hub bearing unit, and the right end of the main shaft is provided with a switching disk cover plate; still include switching dish, stator supporting part, the main shaft crosses switching dish and the right-hand member cooperation card is established in the switching dish, and the stator supporting part is fixed to be set up in the stator inner circle, and stator supporting part and wheel hub bearing unit inner circle, switching dish apron fixed connection. The non-rotating part of the hub bearing unit is the inner ring of the hub bearing unit, and the rotating part of the hub bearing unit is the outer ring of the hub bearing unit. The main shaft and hub bearing unit provides support for the entire assembly.

Preferably, the inner ring of the stator is in interference fit with the outer ring of the stator supporting part, and the left end face of the stator supporting part is fixedly connected with a flange extending from the edge part of the inner ring of the hub bearing unit through a first bolt; still include the second bolt, switching dish apron, switching dish, stator supporting part pass through second bolt fixed connection, and the switching dish is located between switching dish apron and the stator supporting part, and right rotor cover is established and is revoluted the switching dish rotation on the switching dish. The adapter plate provides support for the stator and the rotor, and the stability of the whole device is guaranteed.

Preferably, the main shaft is provided with a hub bearing unit, and the left rotor is in interference fit with a rotating part of the hub bearing unit; the speed reducer is a planetary speed reducer and comprises a sun gear, a planet carrier, a speed reducer gear ring, a first gear ring cover plate positioned at the left end of the speed reducer gear ring and a second gear ring cover plate positioned at the right end of the speed reducer gear ring; the sun wheel is sleeved on the outer ring of the hub bearing unit, and the sun wheel is fixed on the left rotor through a connecting piece. The planetary reducer has the advantages of small volume, light weight, high bearing capacity, long service life, stable operation and low noise, and can be structurally designed according to actual requirements to meet personalized requirements.

Preferably, the output end of the speed reducer is a speed reducer gear ring, the speed reducer gear ring is fixedly connected with the rim, the speed reducer gear ring is in interference fit with the rotating part of the second bearing, the planet carrier is in interference fit with the main shaft, the planet wheel is arranged on the planet carrier, and the planet wheel is meshed with the sun wheel and the teeth which are distributed on the inner side of the speed reducer gear ring in an annular mode; the sun gear is meshed with the planet gear, and the planet gear drives the gear ring to rotate. The whole planetary reducer is supported or matched through the main shaft, the outer rotor and the rim, and has the advantages of being reliable in installation, stable in transmission and the like.

Preferably, the wheel hub further comprises a third bolt, the first gear ring cover plate is arranged between the inner wall of the left end of the wheel hub and the left end of the gear ring of the speed reducer, and the wheel hub and the first gear ring cover plate are fixedly connected to the gear ring of the speed reducer through the third bolt. The speed reducer gear ring is fixedly connected with the rim, so that the stability and the reliability of the output torque of the speed reducer gear ring are guaranteed, and the rim can provide reliable support for the speed reducer gear ring.

Preferably, the brake disc is located the right-hand member and the right rotor fixed connection of rim, and the middle part of brake disc sets up the through-hole that runs through terminal surface about the brake disc, and the brake disc passes through the through-hole cover to be established in the outside of switching dish. The structure that the brake disc adopted the middle part trompil can guarantee that the brake disc can not fix the landing disk apron and produce the influence on the automobile body.

Preferably, the brake disc is a ring-shaped brake disc, and the ring-shaped brake disc is fixedly connected to the right end of the rim.

Preferably, the left rotor and the right rotor are fixedly connected through a fourth bolt, the fourth bolt is annularly distributed along the edge of the left rotor and the right rotor, a mounting cavity for mounting a stator is formed between the left rotor and the right rotor in a surrounding mode, and permanent magnets are arranged on the inner side faces of the left rotor and the right rotor.

The invention also provides an automobile which comprises the integrated disc type hub motor and the driving and braking integrated electric wheel of the speed reducer in the technical scheme.

Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the remarkable technical effects that:

firstly, the motor, the speed reducer and the brake are creatively integrated in the rim, so that the whole structure is better in compactness, smaller in occupied space and high in space utilization rate, and the cost and the space of the automobile are saved. The in-wheel motor who adopts in this scheme simultaneously is disc in-wheel motor, and disc motor has thickness little, and the characteristics that the moment of torsion of output is big, and disc motor in this patent has compact structure moreover, efficient characteristics, is applicable to all kinds of motorcycle types that need match in-wheel motor.

Meanwhile, the hub motor is driven in an outer rotor mode, the driving mode has the advantages of large driving torque, convenience in later maintenance and the like, the rotor in the invention has the advantages of stability and reliability in rotation, the stability of the rotor and the stator is ensured by the structural design, and the two rotors can be conveniently installed and maintained in the later period due to the separable design.

The planet wheel speed reducer can be designed into different structures and different transmission ratios according to requirements, so that the requirements of torque and rotating speed of vehicle transmission are met; the sun gear in the planet gear reducer is directly fixed with the left rotor, so that the accuracy of speed reduction and the timeliness of speed reducer response are guaranteed. Adopt brake disc and the direct complex mode of right rotor, can transmit braking force for the wheel hub motor the very first time to for the accurate deceleration of vehicle, make things convenient for the transmission of braking moment. The whole mechanism uses the hub bearing unit and the main shaft to the maximum extent, so that the reliability and the stability of the whole speed reducer and the hub motor structure are ensured. By adopting the traditional brake disc and the annular brake disc, the common brake design scheme of the existing vehicle type can be utilized, and the brake can be matched with common front calipers, IPBs, EPBs and the like, and has extremely strong modularization characteristic; the hub motor, the planet wheel reducer and the braking device are integrated in the rim to form an electric wheel integrating driving and braking, so that a customer can conveniently perform modular assembly.

And whole reduction gear and motor are connected reliably, rotate stably, and occupation space is little, and is also compact structure, and sealed effectual between each part simultaneously can prolong the life of reduction gear and motor.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the inside profile structure of the devices of examples 1 and 2.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the outer configuration of the apparatus of examples 1 and 2.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the apparatus of example 1.

Fig. 4 is a partially enlarged view of fig. 3.

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of example 2.

Reference numerals in the drawings correspond to technical names: 1-disk motor, 2-reducer, 3-brake disk, 4-main shaft, 5-rotor assembly, 6-wheel rim, 7-hub bearing unit, 8-left rotor, 9-right rotor, 10-installation cavity, 30-stator, 11-sun wheel, 12-planet carrier, 13-planet wheel, 14-first gear ring cover plate, 15-reducer gear ring, 16-second gear ring cover plate, 17-second bearing, 19-gear part, 21-first bolt, 22-second bolt, 23-brake, 24-water course, 25-third bolt, 26-fourth bolt, 27-sixth bolt, 40-permanent magnet, 71-non-rotation part, 72-rotation part, 41-adapter plate, 42-adapter plate cover plate, 43-stator supporting seat, 44-groove, 45-flange, 46-limiting plate, 47-assembly part, 50-fixing plate, 51-connecting part, 52-cavity, 54-through hole, 53-reinforcing sleeve.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It is to be noted that the left and right orientations in the description are based on the sectional view.

Example 1

As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the driving and braking integrated electric wheel integrating a disc type hub motor and a speed reducer comprises an external rim 6, a disc type motor 1, a speed reducer 2 and a brake disc 3 which are arranged in the rim 6, and further comprises a main shaft 4, wherein the disc type motor 1 comprises a stator 30 and a rotor assembly 5, the rotor assembly 5 is connected with the main shaft 4 and rotates around the main shaft 4, and the speed reducer 2 is arranged on the main shaft 4; the rotor assembly 5 is connected with the input end of the speed reducer 2 to drive the speed reducer 2 to work, the rim 6 is connected with the output end of the speed reducer 2 to realize rotation, the stator 30 assembly is electrified to drive the rotor assembly 5 to rotate to drive the speed reducer 2 to operate, the output end of the speed reducer 2 rotates around the main shaft 4 through a second bearing 17 arranged on the main shaft 4, and the output end of the speed reducer 2 drives the rim 6 to rotate; rotor subassembly 5 includes left rotor 8 and right rotor 9, and stator 30 sets up between left rotor 8 and right rotor 9, and left rotor 8 and right rotor 9 fixed connection form the installation cavity 10 that is used for installing stator 30 between left rotor 8 and the right rotor 9. The permanent magnets 40 are arranged on the inner axial end faces of the left rotor 8 and the right rotor 9, that is, the permanent magnets are arranged on the left end face and the right end face of the installation cavity 10, and in this embodiment, the permanent magnets 40 and the coils are respectively and uniformly distributed on the transverse cross sections of the rotor and the stator 30. In this embodiment, the left rotor 8 and the right rotor 9 are fixedly connected by the fourth bolt 26, and the fourth bolt 26 is annularly distributed along the edge portions of the left rotor 8 and the right rotor 9.

The main shaft 4 is provided with a hub bearing unit 7, the hub bearing unit 7 has a bearing transmission function, but compared with the conventional bearing hub bearing unit 7, the hub bearing unit 7 can bear larger load, and the hub bearing unit 7 is the prior art. The main shaft 4 is fixedly connected to the non-rotating portion 71 of the hub bearing unit 7, the non-rotating portion 71 of the hub bearing unit 7 in this embodiment is an inner ring of the hub bearing unit 7, and the rotating portion 72 of the hub bearing unit 7 is an outer ring of the hub bearing unit 7. The rotor assembly 5 is mounted on the rotating portion 72 of the hub bearing unit 7 so that the rotor assembly 5 can rotate about the main shaft 4 with a driving force obtained. The right end of the main shaft 4 is provided with a switching disk cover plate 42; still include adapter plate 41, stator supporting part 43, main shaft 4 crosses adapter plate 41 and the right-hand member cooperation card is established in adapter plate 41, has seted up the ladder groove 411 on adapter plate 41, and the right-hand member of main shaft 4 is provided with keeps off seat 412, keeps off seat 412 card and establishes in ladder groove 411, has obviously seted up the installation through-hole on adapter plate 41, and the inner wall of installation through-hole is provided with the sealing washer and is used for sealing with main shaft 4. The stator supporting portion 43 is fixedly arranged in the inner ring of the stator 30, the stator supporting portion 43 is fixedly connected with the inner ring of the hub bearing unit 7, the adapter disc 41 and the adapter disc cover plate 42, the adapter disc 41 and the stator supporting portion 43 are sequentially arranged from right to left.

The inner ring of the stator 30 is in interference fit with the outer ring of the stator supporting part 43, and the stator supporting part 43 is fixedly connected with an annular flange 45 extending from the outer side surface of the inner ring of the hub bearing unit 7 through a first bolt 21; still include second bolt 22, adapter plate apron 42, adapter plate 41, stator supporting part 43 pass through second bolt 22 fixed connection, and adapter plate 41 is located between adapter plate apron 42 and the stator supporting part 43, and right rotor 9 cover is established and is revoluted adapter plate 41 and rotate on adapter plate 41, is provided with the sealing washer between the outer wall of right rotor 9 and adapter plate 41. An annular flange 45 is arranged on the outer side surface of the right end of the inner ring of the hub bearing unit 7; stator supporting part 43 cover is established on the inner circle of wheel hub bearing unit 7, and the left end is contradicted on the terminal surface of flange 45 to form stable support to stator supporting part 43, prevent that it from appearing sliding and rocking, install first bolt 21 on the flange 45 moreover, first bolt 21 is with flange 45 and stator supporting part 43 fixed connection. As can be seen from the figure, in order to ensure that the stator supporting portion 43 plays a role in stably supporting the stator 30 and also plays a role in stably matching the hub bearing unit 7, the whole stator supporting portion 43 is annular, the stator supporting portion 43 includes a groove 44 formed in the left end surface, the shape of the groove 44 is matched with the shape of the flange 45, the stator supporting portion 43 further includes a limiting disc 46 disposed along the outer side surface of the right end, the stator 30 includes an assembling portion 47 at the middle portion, the assembling portion 47 is disposed in the middle portion of the inner annular surface of the stator 30, and the left end surface of the assembling portion 47 abuts against the end surface of the limiting disc 46. The second bolt 22 sequentially penetrates through the adapter plate cover plate 42 and the adapter plate 41 from right to left and is finally fixed on the stator supporting part 43. During installation, the adapter plate 41 and the adapter plate 42 are fixed to the axle or the steering knuckle of the vehicle or the chassis of the vehicle by the second bolt 22 and do not rotate. Threaded holes for matching the first bolt 21 and the second bolt 22 are formed in the stator supporting portion 43, the first bolt 21 is mounted on the left end face of the stator supporting portion 43, and the second bolt 22 is mounted on the right end face of the stator supporting portion 43. A sealing ring is arranged between the adapter disc 41 and the main shaft 4.

The speed reducer 2 is a planetary speed reducer 2 and comprises a sun gear 11, a planet gear 13, a planet carrier 12, a speed reducer gear ring 15, a first gear ring cover plate 14 positioned at the left end of the speed reducer gear ring 15 and a second gear ring cover plate 16 positioned at the right end of the speed reducer gear ring 15; the sun gear 11 is sleeved on the outer ring of the hub bearing unit 7, and the sun gear 11 is fixed on the left rotor 8 through a connecting piece. The connecting piece be the fifth bolt, sun gear 11 is including being used for with left rotor 8 fixed connection's fixed plate 50, gear portion 19 and the connecting portion 51 of connecting fixed plate 50, gear that is used for meshing with planet wheel 13, connecting portion 51 with second ring gear apron 16 seal fit, the right end face of connecting portion 51 is provided with cavity 52, left rotor 8 and the outer lane interference fit of wheel hub bearing unit 7, the left end of wheel hub bearing unit 7 is installed in cavity 52.

In the embodiment, the output end of the speed reducer 2 is a speed reducer gear ring 15, the speed reducer gear ring 15 is fixedly connected with the rim 6, the speed reducer gear ring 15 is in interference fit with the outer ring of the second bearing 17, the planet carrier 12 is in interference fit with the main shaft 4, the planet gear 13 is arranged on the planet carrier 12, the planet gear 13 is meshed with the sun gear 11 and the teeth which are distributed on the inner side of the speed reducer gear ring 15 in an annular mode, and the left end of the planet carrier 12 is provided with a baffle ring; the sun wheel 11 is engaged with the planet wheel 13, and the planet wheel 13 drives the gear ring to rotate. The planet carrier 12 comprises a mounting frame and a mounting column for mounting the planet wheel 13, and an assembly cavity with the planet carrier 12 and the planet wheel 13 is arranged in the speed reducer gear ring 15.

The second gear ring cover plate 16 is fixed with the reducer gear ring 15 through bolts, the first gear ring cover plate 14 is arranged between the inner wall of the left end of the rim 6 and the left end of the reducer gear ring 15, the rim 6 and the first gear ring cover plate 14 are fixedly connected to the reducer gear ring 15 through the third bolts 25, and the third bolts 25 are arranged in the circumferential direction.

The brake disc 3 is located at the right end of the rim 6 and is fixedly connected with the right rotor 9, specifically, the brake disc 3 and the right rotor 9 are fixed through a sixth bolt 27, the middle part of the brake disc 3 is a reinforcing sleeve 53, and the sixth bolt 27 is arranged along the outer circumferential direction of the reinforcing sleeve 53. The middle part of the brake disc 3 is provided with a through hole 54 penetrating through the left and right end surfaces of the brake disc 3, and the brake disc 3 is sleeved outside the adapter disc 41 through the through hole 54. The through hole 54 is the reinforcing sleeve 53 in this embodiment, and the reinforcing sleeve 53 can improve the connection strength between the brake disc 3 and the right rotor 9.

In order to ensure the heat dissipation performance of the device, a water channel 24 is arranged on the hub motor stator 30 and used for cooling the stator 30 coil.

The working process of the device is that after the coil of the hub motor stator 30 is electrified, the rotor assembly 5 is driven to rotate, the rotor assembly 5 drives the sun gear 11 to synchronously rotate, the sun gear 11 drives the speed reducer gear ring 15 to rotate in a speed reduction mode through meshing transmission with the planet gear 13, the speed reducer gear ring 15 is fixedly connected with the main shaft 4 through the planet carrier 12, rotation does not occur, the speed reducer gear ring 15 drives the rim 6 to synchronously rotate, the function of driving the wheel to rotate is achieved, and the brake disc 3 is fixedly installed on the right rotor 9 and synchronously rotates with the rotor assembly 5. When the speed needs to be reduced, the brake 23 acts on the brake disc, and the brake disc reduces the speed to drive the speed of the speed reducer gear ring 15, the rim 6, the sun wheel 11 and the like to be reduced, so that the purpose of braking and reducing the speed is achieved.

Example 2

As shown in fig. 1 to 5, the driving and braking integrated electric wheel integrating a disc type hub motor and a speed reducer is different from embodiment 1 in that a brake disc 3 is an annular brake disc 3, and the annular brake disc 3 is fixedly connected to the right end of a rim 6 through bolts; the brake device further comprises a brake 23, the brake 23 is matched with the brake disc 3, and the brake 23 is installed at the right end of the wheel rim 6 through bolts.

Example 3

An automobile comprises the driving and braking integrated electric wheels of the integrated disc type hub motor and the speed reducer in the embodiment 1 or the embodiment 2, and the number of the electric wheels can be 2 or 4.

Example 4

As shown in fig. 1 to 5, the present embodiment differs from embodiment 2 in that the brake 23 is an inner caliper brake 23, in which a disc-type in-wheel motor and a reduction gear are integrated into a driving and braking integrated electric wheel.

In summary, the above-mentioned embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made in the claims of the present invention should be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. The integrated disc type hub motor and speed reducer driving and braking integrated electric wheel comprises an external rim (6), and a disc type motor (1), a speed reducer (2) and a brake disc (3) which are arranged in the rim (6), and is characterized in that: the disc type motor is characterized by further comprising a main shaft (4), the disc type motor (1) comprises a stator (30) and a rotor assembly (5), the rotor assembly (5) is connected with the main shaft (4) and rotates around the main shaft (4), and the speed reducer (2) is installed on the main shaft (4); the rotor assembly (5) is connected with the input end of the speed reducer (2) to drive the speed reducer (2) to work, the rim (6) is connected with the output end of the speed reducer (2) to rotate, the stator (30) assembly is electrified to drive the rotor assembly (5) to rotate to drive the speed reducer (2) to rotate, the output end of the speed reducer (2) rotates around the main shaft (4) through a second bearing (17) arranged on the main shaft (4), and the output end of the speed reducer (2) drives the rim (6) to rotate; the rotor assembly (5) comprises a left rotor (8) and a right rotor (9), the stator (30) is arranged between the left rotor (8) and the right rotor (9), and the left rotor (8) is fixedly connected with the right rotor (9); a mounting cavity (10) for mounting the stator (30) is defined between the left rotor (8) and the right rotor (9), and permanent magnets (40) are arranged on the end faces of the inner sides of the left rotor (8) and the right rotor (9); the stator (30) is provided with a water channel (24); a hub bearing unit (7) is installed on the main shaft (4), the main shaft (4) is fixedly connected with a non-rotating part (71) of the hub bearing unit (7), a rotor assembly (5) is installed on a rotating part (72) of the hub bearing unit (7), and a switching disc cover plate (42) is arranged at the right end of the main shaft (4); the spindle (4) penetrates through the adapter disc (41) and the right end of the spindle is clamped in the adapter disc (41) in a matched mode, the stator supporting part (43) is fixedly arranged in an inner ring of the stator (30), and the stator supporting part (43) is fixedly connected with an inner ring of the hub bearing unit (7), the adapter disc (41) and the adapter disc cover plate (42); the inner ring of the stator (30) is in interference fit with the outer ring of the stator supporting part (43), and the stator supporting part (43) is fixedly connected with an annular flange (45) extending from the outer side surface of the inner ring of the hub bearing unit (7) through a first bolt (21); the stator structure of the motor is characterized by further comprising a second bolt (22), the adapter plate cover plate (42), the adapter plate (41) and the stator supporting part (43) are fixedly connected through the second bolt (22), the adapter plate (41) is located between the adapter plate cover plate (42) and the stator supporting part (43), and the right rotor (9) is sleeved on the adapter plate (41) and rotates around the adapter plate (41); a hub bearing unit (7) is arranged on the main shaft (4), and the left rotor (8) is in interference fit with a rotating part (72) of the hub bearing unit (7); the speed reducer (2) is a planetary speed reducer (2) and comprises a sun gear (11), a planet gear (13), a planet carrier (12), a speed reducer gear ring (15), a first gear ring cover plate (14) positioned at the left end of the speed reducer gear ring (15) and a second gear ring cover plate (16) positioned at the right end of the speed reducer gear ring (15); the sun gear (11) is sleeved on the outer ring of the hub bearing unit (7), and the sun gear (11) is fixed on the left rotor (8) through a connecting piece; the output end of the speed reducer (2) is a speed reducer gear ring (15), the speed reducer gear ring (15) is fixedly connected with the rim (6), the speed reducer gear ring (15) is in interference fit with the outer ring of the second bearing (17), the planet carrier (12) is in interference fit with the main shaft (4), the planet wheel (13) is installed on the planet carrier (12), and the planet wheel (13) is meshed with the sun wheel (11) and the teeth which are annularly distributed on the inner side of the speed reducer gear ring (15); the sun wheel (11) is meshed with the planet wheel (13), and the planet wheel (13) drives the gear ring to rotate; the wheel hub structure is characterized by further comprising a third bolt (25), the first gear ring cover plate (14) is arranged between the inner wall of the left end of the wheel hub (6) and the left end of the reducer gear ring (15), and the wheel hub (6) and the first gear ring cover plate (14) are fixedly connected to the reducer gear ring (15) through the third bolt (25); the brake disc (3) is positioned at the right end of the rim (6) and fixedly connected with the right rotor (9), a through hole (54) penetrating through the left end face and the right end face of the brake disc (3) is formed in the middle of the brake disc (3), and the brake disc (3) is sleeved outside the adapter disc (41) through the through hole (54); the brake further comprises a brake (23), and the brake (23) is matched with the brake disc (3).

2. The drive-brake integrated electric wheel integrating the disc-type hub motor and the speed reducer as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the brake disc (3) is an annular brake disc (3), and the annular brake disc (3) is fixedly connected to the right end of the rim (6); the brake also comprises an inner caliper type brake (23), and the brake (23) is matched with the brake disc (3).

3. An automobile, characterized in that: a driving and braking integrated electric wheel comprising the integrated disc type hub motor and speed reducer as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 2.