CN111843257B - Heat exchanger header inner side rounding device and heat exchanger header welding method - Google Patents
Heat exchanger header inner side rounding device and heat exchanger header welding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111843257B CN111843257B CN202010469408.9A CN202010469408A CN111843257B CN 111843257 B CN111843257 B CN 111843257B CN 202010469408 A CN202010469408 A CN 202010469408A CN 111843257 B CN111843257 B CN 111843257B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K31/00—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups
- B23K31/02—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups relating to soldering or welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K37/00—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups
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- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
- Butt Welding And Welding Of Specific Article (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an inner side circle supporting device of a heat exchanger header and a welding method of the heat exchanger header, wherein the device comprises two arc-shaped plates, one ends of the two arc-shaped plates are hinged, and the other ends of the two arc-shaped plates are supported through a supporting rod; bracing piece one end is articulated with an arc, and the other end and another arc butt make the butt department dislocation between bracing piece and the arc again after accomplishing head spot welding or welding completely, and then make two arcs break away from with heat exchanger header inner wall, take out in the heat exchanger header.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a processing auxiliary tool of a heat exchanger header in the field of nuclear power and a welding method of the heat exchanger header.
Background
The heat exchanger is widely applied to the industrial fields of chemical industry, petroleum, nuclear energy and the like, is a pressure container for converting heat transfer into power, and has various heat exchange structures. For example, a plate heat exchanger is a common heat exchanger, and a heat exchange portion of the plate heat exchanger is composed of four groups of headers and heat exchange tubes, wherein each header is in a cylindrical structure and is formed by welding a stainless steel tube plate, a C-shaped cylinder and a spherical end socket.
A heat exchanger header with the outer diameter of 273mm, the wall thickness of 5mm and the length of 2200mm is needed in the nuclear power field. Due to the limitation of the specification and the structure, all welding grooves are outer grooves. The manufacturing process comprises the following steps: the upper tube plate and the C-shaped cylinder are welded into a whole cylinder through two welding seams and then are in butt welding with the end enclosure to form an integral header, and the header belongs to a pressure-bearing shell, so that the thickness requirement of the welding seams is strict, and the manufacturing standard only has 1.5mm strict requirement on the misalignment amount of 5mm plate welding seams. In the design requirement, the C-shaped cylinder is formed by gas cutting of a thin-wall stainless steel seamless steel pipe with the diameter of 273 multiplied by 5 mm.
According to the analysis of the above process requirements, the following problems can exist when the tube plate and the C-shaped cylinder are in butt welding: 1. the seamless stainless steel tube has internal stress in the cold-drawing forming process, and can contract inwards after being cut, so that the butt joint misalignment can be adjusted in a cold working mode of crowbars, jackscrew supports and the like when the seamless stainless steel tube is assembled with the butt joint misalignment of the tube plate, and the roundness of the C-shaped cylinder can be influenced by the method of locally applying external force; 2. due to the characteristics of high linear expansion coefficient, large resistivity and low heat conductivity of the stainless steel material, the welding deformation is large. The C-shaped cylinder belongs to a thin-wall cylinder body, and the trend of shrinkage deformation towards the side of the groove of the tube plate exists during welding, so that the welded C-shaped cylinder becomes elliptical.
The roundness of the welded tube plate and the C-shaped cylinder can be affected by the problems, and the butt joint misalignment between the tube plate and the end socket is unqualified. Generally, in order to ensure the processing quality of a heat exchanger, a circle supporting tool needs to be installed at a position, close to a welding line, on the inner side of a cylinder before welding so as to control the roundness of the cylinder, the welding line is blocked by the circle supporting tool in the process of welding so as to control the roundness, and a part to be butted with the welding line is removed after welding.
However, for the slender heat exchanger header with the outer diameter of 273mm, the thickness of 5mm and the length of 2200mm, the wall thickness is small, the shrinkage stress is large, namely, the deformation is large, the compression degree of the inner wall on the rounding tool is large, the tool after welding is difficult to directly remove, and the tool needs to be removed by destructive methods such as cutting and the like. However, because the heat exchanger header is long in length and small in inner diameter, the tool is installed at the end of the seal head of the seal C-shaped cylinder, and personnel cannot contact and remove the seal head after the seal head is in butt joint, so that the inner side rounding is difficult to realize according to the method.
For the reasons, the inventor of the present invention has made an intensive study on the conventional auxiliary tool for welding the heat exchanger header and the welding method of the heat exchanger header, and is expected to design a device for rounding the inner side of the heat exchanger header and a welding method of the heat exchanger header, which can solve the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problems, the inventor of the invention carries out intensive research and designs an inner side circle supporting device of a heat exchanger header and a welding method of the heat exchanger header, wherein the device comprises two arc-shaped plates which are used for supporting the heat exchanger header inside, one ends of the two arc-shaped plates are hinged, and the other ends of the two arc-shaped plates are supported by a supporting rod; one end of the supporting rod is hinged with one arc-shaped plate, the other end of the supporting rod is abutted against the other arc-shaped plate, after the spot welding of the end socket or the complete welding is completed, the abutted part between the supporting rod and the arc-shaped plates is staggered, and then the two arc-shaped plates are separated from the inner wall of the heat exchanger header and taken out of the heat exchanger header, so that the invention is completed.
Specifically, the invention aims to provide an inner side rounding device of a heat exchanger header, which comprises an upper arc-shaped plate 11 and a lower arc-shaped plate 12, wherein the upper arc-shaped plate 11 and the lower arc-shaped plate 12 are detachably connected at the connected end parts, and the upper arc-shaped plate 11 and the lower arc-shaped plate 12 are used for abutting against the inner wall of the heat exchanger header to support the heat exchanger header 2 from the inside.
The heat exchanger header 2 comprises a tube plate 21, a C-shaped cylinder 22 with a C-shaped section and a spherical end socket 23;
the length of the tube plate 21 is the same as that of the C-shaped cylinder 22, the two sides of the tube plate are welded and fixed at the two sides of the notch of the C-shaped cylinder 22, the tube plate blocks the notch of the C-shaped cylinder to obtain a cylindrical structure with two open ends, and the spherical seal head 23 is blocked and welded at one of the open ends.
Wherein go up the arc 11 and be provided with bracing piece 3 down between the arc 12, bracing piece 3 is the telescopic, through bracing piece 3 outwards expands and props C shape section of thick bamboo 22 for C shape section of thick bamboo 22 internal diameter size crescent, until satisfying the welding requirement.
The invention also provides a welding method of the heat exchanger header, in the method,
before the tube plate is welded, the C-shaped cylinder which contracts inwards is expanded by screwing the ejector rod 33, so that the inner diameter size of the C-shaped cylinder is restored to the design size before cutting;
preferably, after the tack-welding of the bulb, the inner rounding device is pulled out of the heat exchanger header by pulling on the cord 4.
The method comprises the following steps:
step 1, taking materials and blanking, namely cutting a cylinder with the length of 2200mm from a cold-drawn steel pipe with the outer diameter of 273mm and the thickness of 5mm, and cutting the cylinder to form a C-shaped cylinder;
step 6, the supporting rod 3 on the inner side circle supporting device is driven to rotate around the second pin shaft by pulling the rope 4, so that the upper arc-shaped plate 11 and the lower arc-shaped plate 12 lose support, and then the inner side circle supporting device 1 is pulled out of the heat exchanger header 2 along with the rope 4;
and 7, welding the spherical end socket.
The invention has the advantages that:
(1) the inner side rounding device in the heat exchanger header and the welding method of the heat exchanger header provided by the invention have the advantages of simple structure, light use and low cost;
(2) according to the heat exchanger header inner side circle supporting device and the heat exchanger header welding method, the upper arc-shaped plate and the lower arc-shaped plate are integrally attached to the cylinder body, and the circle supporting effect is obvious;
(3) according to the heat exchanger header inner side rounding device and the heat exchanger header welding method, support and taking out of a region inaccessible to personnel can be achieved, dismantling cannot be damaged, and the heat exchanger header inner side rounding device and the heat exchanger header welding method can be used repeatedly.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows a schematic view of a heat exchanger header and its internal side rounding device according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 illustrates a schematic view of an inside rounding device according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the support pole pulled apart according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing a structure of a lower section of a support bar according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 shows a schematic structural view of a transmission member at a lower section according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 illustrates a logic flow diagram of a heat exchanger header welding method in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
The reference numbers illustrate:
1-inside rounding device
11-upper arc plate
111-shaft connecting plate
112-pin shaft 2
12-lower arc plate
121-support block
13-pin shaft 1
2-heat exchanger header
21-tube plate
22-C shaped cylinder
23-spherical end socket
3-support rod
31-top connection head
32-screw
33-ejector pin
331-upper section
332-lower section
333-plane
334-connecting groove
335-sleeve part
336-rotating shaft part
4-rope
5-Transmission Member
51-ball shaped ball
52-limiting frame
Detailed Description
The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the figures and examples. The features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the description.
The word "exemplary" is used exclusively herein to mean "serving as an example, embodiment, or illustration. Any embodiment described herein as "exemplary" is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments. While the various aspects of the embodiments are presented in drawings, the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale unless specifically indicated.
According to the inner side circle expanding device of the heat exchanger header provided by the invention, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the inner side circle expanding device 1 is installed inside the heat exchanger header, the inner side circle expanding device 1 comprises an upper arc-shaped plate 11 and a lower arc-shaped plate 12, and the upper arc-shaped plate 11 and the lower arc-shaped plate 12 are used for abutting against the inner wall of the heat exchanger header to support the heat exchanger header from the inside.
The heat exchanger header 2 comprises a tube plate 21, a C-shaped cylinder 22 with a C-shaped section and a spherical end socket 23. The length of the tube plate 21 is consistent with that of the C-shaped cylinder, the tube plate is welded and fixed at the opening of the C-shaped cylinder, and the tube plate can just block the opening of the C-shaped cylinder; the tube plate is welded at the notch of the C-shaped cylinder to obtain a cylindrical structure with two open ends, and the spherical seal head is sealed and welded at one opening.
Because the C-shaped cylinder 22 shrinks inwards under the action of stress after being cut and formed, the inner diameter of the C-shaped cylinder generally shrinks from a standard circle of 263mm to about 253mm to form a special-shaped cambered surface; if the inner side circle supporting device is directly installed in the C-shaped cylinder, a general circle supporting device with the outer diameter of 263mm is difficult to directly install, and circle supporting devices with other sizes cannot meet the supporting requirement, for this reason, in the present application, preferably, the inner end surface and the outer end surface of the upper arc-shaped plate 11 are both arc surfaces, wherein the outer end surface is a standard arc surface, the outer end surface is used for abutting against the inner wall surface of the heat exchanger header, and the arc radius corresponding to the outer end surface is 131.5 mm; the end parts of the upper arc-shaped plate 11 and the lower arc-shaped plate 12 are hinged, namely the upper arc-shaped plate 11 and the lower arc-shaped plate 12 are connected into a whole through a first pin shaft 13, and the first pin shaft 13 enables the contour dimension of the inner side circle supporting device to be adjustable, so that the inner side circle supporting device can be placed into a C-shaped cylinder in a smaller outer diameter size, and the outer diameter dimension of the inner side circle supporting device is gradually enlarged to be tightly attached to the inner wall of the heat exchanger header 2.
The structural size of the lower arc-shaped plate 12 is the same as that of the upper arc-shaped plate 11, the arc radius corresponding to the outer end surface of the lower arc-shaped plate is 131.5mm, and when the outer end surfaces of the upper arc-shaped plate 11 and the lower arc-shaped plate 12 are completely attached to the inner wall surface of the heat exchanger header, the inner diameter of the heat exchanger header can be enabled to be just 263 mm.
Preferably, the corresponding arc angles of the upper arc-shaped plate 11 and the lower arc-shaped plate 12 are both 130 degrees to 160 degrees, and preferably 145 degrees. The upper arcuate plate 11 and the lower arcuate plate 12 partially overlap at the hinge such that the arc angle achieved after the upper arcuate plate 11 and the lower arcuate plate 12 are hinged is 260 degrees. Through setting up the above-mentioned concrete angle of going up arc 11 and lower arc 12, the circular arc angle that obtains after the messenger is articulated is greater than 180 degrees, ensures to support the heat exchanger header in vertical direction, and the circular arc angle that obtains after this is articulated also can not be too big, will ensure to remain predetermined clearance between circular arc after the articulated and the tube sheet, so that this inboard support circle device does not collide with the tube sheet at the loading and unloading in-process, avoid the tube sheet to disturb the loading and unloading of the device, also prevent the scratch tube sheet.
In a preferred embodiment, a support rod 3 is further arranged between the upper arc plate 11 and the lower arc plate 12, preferably, the support rod is vertically arranged, and the center of the support rod 3 passes through the axis of the C-shaped cylinder of the heat exchanger header, so that the support rod 3 can bear the shrinkage stress of the heat exchanger header and play a main supporting role.
Preferably, the support rods 3 are telescopic, so that the inner side rounding device can be placed in the C-shaped cylinder 22 when the C-shaped cylinder 22 and the tube plate 21 are not welded, and the support rods 3 are controlled to extend gradually, so that the outer diameter of the inner side rounding device is gradually increased, and the C-shaped cylinder 22 is further expanded outwards, so that the inner diameter of the C-shaped cylinder is gradually increased until reaching 263mm meeting the welding requirement.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 2, the support rod 3 sequentially includes a top end connector 31, a screw rod 32 and a top rod 33 from top to bottom, wherein the top end connector 31 and the screw rod 32 are an integral structure, and the two can be fixedly connected by welding or the like.
As shown in fig. 2 and 4, the top rod 33 includes an upper section 331 and a lower section 332, wherein the outer portion of the upper section 331 is cut into a plurality of planes, which may be 4 planes or 6 planes, that is, a screwing platform is disposed on the outer portion of the upper section 331 so as to rotate the top rod 33 by a wrench or the like, a threaded cavity is formed in the upper section to be matched with the screw rod 32, and the top rod 33 is screwed to control the relative movement between the top rod 33 and the screw rod 32 in the vertical direction, that is, the length of the support rod 3 can be adjusted by screwing the top rod 33.
In a preferred embodiment, the inner rounding device is placed before the tube plate 21 is welded, a wrench can be inserted from the position where the tube plate is to be installed to screw the ejector rod 33, so as to adjust the height of the support rod 3, and after the tube plate is installed and welded, the spherical end socket 23 is continuously installed and welded, and no operating space is available to screw the ejector rod 33. The support bar 3 cannot be removed by screwing the push rod 33, and for this reason, when the support bar 3 is removed, the support bar 3 is pulled by providing a lateral force so that the support bar is out of contact with the lower arc-shaped plate 12.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 4, the bottom surface of the lower mandril segment 332 is a sphere-like surface, and the lower part of the sphere-like surface is a plane 333 formed by horizontal cutting.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 2, a shaft connecting plate 111 is arranged on the upper arc-shaped plate 11, the shaft connecting plate 111 is hinged to the top end connector 31, that is, the shaft connecting plate 111 is connected to the top end connector 31 through a second pin 112, so that the support rod 3 can rotate around the second pin 112, and when the support rod 3 is vertically installed right below the upper arc-shaped plate 11, the deformation stress in the heat exchanger header can be transmitted to the support rod 3 through the second pin 112.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 2, a supporting block 121 is disposed on the lower arc plate 12, and the top surface of the supporting block 121 is a smooth plane for abutting against the plane 333 on the lower section 332.
The top of bracing piece 3 is articulated through top connector 31 and the hub connection board 111 of last arc 11, the bottom of bracing piece 3 is through plane 333 and the supporting shoe 121 butt of arc 12 down, thereby make the bracing piece 3 of this vertical setting can bear the effort of vertical direction, support arc 11 and arc 12 down, prevent heat exchanger header stress deformation, when this inboard circle supporting device of needs dismantlement, through exerting horizontal effort on bracing piece 3, can make and break away from the contact between plane 333 and the supporting shoe 121 of arc 12 down, as shown in fig. 3, and then go up arc 11 and arc 12 down and inwards buckle round a round pin axle 13 because of losing the support.
Preferably, the bottom of the lower section 332 of the top rod is integrally provided with a spherical surface, so that when the support rod 3 rotates around the second pin 112, the friction between the plane 333 and the supporting block 121 is small, that is, the contact area between the support rod 3 and the supporting block 121 is reduced, and the support rod 3 can be prevented from being locked and being incapable of rotating.
The stability when bracing piece 3 supports can be improved when the area size of plane 333 is great, but can lead to the degree of difficulty increase when dismantling inboard rounding device, even unable dismantlement, when this area size is less, can make things convenient for in the dismantlement of inboard rounding device, but also can lead to the stability of bracing piece 3 to reduce. The present inventors have found that when the area of the plane is 220 to 240mm2The above requirements can be satisfied, and more preferably, the effect is most preferable when the plane is a circular shape having a diameter of 17 mm.
Preferably, since the length of the heat exchanger header is greater than two meters and the inner diameter is less than 30 cm, an operator is difficult to enter the heat exchanger header after welding is completed, and even though the operator only needs to move the support rod 3 to complete the disassembling work of the inner side rounding device, the disassembling work is difficult to realize in the actual operation process, for this reason, an inwards concave connecting groove 334 is arranged on the lower section 332 of the ejector rod 33, a rope 4 is wound and fixed on the connecting groove 334, and the other end of the rope 4 extends to the outside of the heat exchanger header along the axial length direction of the heat exchanger header. The inner rounding device is initially installed by fixing one end of the rope 4 to the connecting groove 334 and the other end to the outside of the heat exchanger header. Preferably, a fixing clamp is arranged outside the heat exchanger header for clamping and fixing one end of the rope 4 positioned outside the heat exchanger header, so that the disassembly of the inner side rounding device can be realized by directly pulling the rope 4. More preferably, the rope 4 is a steel wire rope, and a chain block is connected to one end of the rope 4 positioned outside the heat exchanger header, so that enough pulling force is provided by the chain block to pull the inner rounding device.
In a preferred embodiment, in order to ensure that the inner rounding device can be smoothly pulled out of the heat exchanger header, it is necessary to ensure that the plane 333 of the support bar 3 can slide on the support block 121 under the action of external force/rope tension, but in actual operation, because the area of the plane is small, and the acting force borne by the support bar 3 is large, the pressure is very high, the upper surface of the support block 121 is easily depressed inwards due to compression, and the plane 333 of the support bar 3 falls into the depression, which increases the difficulty for subsequently pulling the support bar 3; further, after the inner rounding device is installed, it is necessary to increase the length of the supporting block 121 by rotating the plunger 33 to raise the inner diameter of the C-shaped cylinder to a desired size, and in this process, the flat surface 333 rotates along with the plunger 33 to increase friction between the flat surface 333 and the supporting block 121, which further increases the degree of the inward recess of the supporting block 121 due to the pressing, and also makes it more difficult to screw the plunger 33 due to the friction.
In the present invention, the lower section 332 of the plunger 33 is provided in two parts, as shown in fig. 5, that is, the lower section 332 includes a sleeve portion 335 connected to the upper section 331 and a rotating shaft portion 336 having a top end embedded in the sleeve portion 335, and the connecting groove 334 is located on the rotating shaft portion 336.
Inside the sleeve portion 335, a transmission member 5 is provided between an inner top surface of the sleeve portion 335 and a top surface of the rotating shaft portion 336, the transmission member 5 including spherical balls 51. Preferably, a limit frame 52 is provided outside the spherical balls to limit the spherical balls 51 to roll only between the inner top surface of the sleeve portion 335 and the top surface of the rotating shaft portion 336; through the arrangement of the transmission member 5, when the upper section 331 is screwed, the connecting groove 334 and the plane 333 on the rotating shaft portion 336 do not need to rotate synchronously with the upper section 331, so that the possibility of inward recess and the degree of the inward recess on the supporting block 121 are reduced, and the reliability of the operation of pulling the supporting rod 3 open is ensured.
Preferably, there is at least one spherical ball 51, and when there are a plurality of spherical balls 51, the spherical balls 51 are completely identical to each other, uniformly distributed in the sleeve portion 335 and all the spherical balls 51 are located in the same horizontal plane, and under the limitation of the limiting frame 52, a predetermined gap is maintained between the spherical balls 51 without contacting each other.
In a preferred embodiment, a graduated scale is arranged on the support rod 3, and the graduated scale is positioned near the screw rod 32 and the ejector rod 33 and is used for displaying the total height of the support rod 3 or the total height of the inner side circle supporting device, so that the inner diameter size of the C-shaped cylinder 22 can be known in real time through the graduated scale, a user can conveniently determine the screwing degree of the ejector rod 33, the C-shaped cylinder 22 can be quickly and accurately expanded to a preset size, and the preset size can be maintained.
The invention also provides a welding method for the heat exchanger header, which comprises the following steps as shown in fig. 6:
step 1, taking materials and blanking, namely cutting a cylinder with the length of 2200mm from a cold-drawn steel pipe with the outer diameter of 273mm and the thickness of 5mm, and cutting the cylinder to form a C-shaped cylinder.
And 2, installing the inner side rounding devices into the C-shaped cylinder, wherein the number of the inner side rounding devices is 1 or more than 1, at least 1 inner side rounding device is arranged at the position near the spherical end socket, and when a plurality of inner side rounding devices are arranged, the inner side rounding devices are arranged at preset intervals. Preferably, the inner rounding device is the inner rounding device described above.
And 3, expanding the C-shaped cylinder which contracts inwards by screwing the ejector rod 33, so that the inner diameter of the C-shaped cylinder is restored to 263 mm.
And 4, adjusting the relative positions of the tube plate and the C-shaped cylinder, and welding the tube plate.
And 5, checking the roundness and the welding misalignment amount of the welded tube plate on the C-shaped cylinder, butting the welded cylinder body with the spherical end enclosure when the roundness and the misalignment amount meet the requirements, and fixing the spherical end enclosure by spot welding.
And 6, the supporting rod 3 on the inner side circle supporting device is driven to rotate around the second pin shaft by pulling the rope, so that the upper arc-shaped plate 11 and the lower arc-shaped plate 12 lose support, and the inner side circle supporting device is pulled out of the heat exchanger header along with the rope.
And 7, tightly welding the spherical end socket to the cylinder body.
Preferably, in step 2, the inside rounding device 1 is mounted into the C-shaped cylinder such that the upper arc plate 11 and the lower arc plate 12 both abut on the inner wall of the C-shaped cylinder, and the support bar 3 is adjusted to a vertical state with the lower side of the support bar 3 abutting on the top surface of the supporting block 121. In the process of installing the supporting rod 3, firstly, the supporting rod is contracted and the plane 333 at the bottom of the supporting rod is abutted to the supporting block 121, after the upper arc-shaped plate 11 and the lower arc-shaped plate 12 are abutted to the inner wall of the C-shaped cylinder, the ejector rod 33 is screwed to gradually increase the length of the supporting rod 3, in the process, the plane 333 is in closer contact with the supporting block 121, the contact position between the plane 333 and the supporting block 121 is continuously observed, and the angle/direction of the supporting rod 3 is properly corrected, so that the supporting block 121 is completely attached to the plane 333.
Preferably, in step 3, the diameter of the inner wall of the C-shaped cylinder is measured before screwing the ejector pin 33, and is recorded, the diameter of the inner wall of the C-shaped cylinder is measured after screwing for 3-5 weeks, and is measured once every screwing week when the diameter of the inner wall of the C-shaped cylinder approaches 263mm, so that the diameter of the inner wall of the C-shaped cylinder is ensured to be expanded to 263mm just.
More preferably, when the graduated scale is arranged on the support rod 3, the current diameter of the inner wall of the C-shaped cylinder can be obtained by reading the corresponding numerical value of the graduated scale in real time, and when the diameter of the inner wall of the C-shaped cylinder approaches 263mm, for example, 262mm, the diameter of the inner wall of the C-shaped cylinder is measured once every turn of screwing, so that the diameter of the inner wall of the C-shaped cylinder is ensured to be expanded to 263 mm.
Preferably, in step 4, the relative position of the tube plate and the C-shaped cylinder is determined to meet the index requirement that the error variable inside the butt weld of the tube plate and the C-shaped cylinder is less than 1.5mm and the diameter tolerance of the C-shaped cylinder is 263 +/-2 mm.
Preferably, in step 5, when the roundness is less than 3mm and the misalignment amount is less than 1.5mm, the roundness and the misalignment amount meet the requirements, and the cylinder is butted with the spherical end socket.
Preferably, in step 6, during the process of pulling the rope 4, the jack is initially known to provide a pulling force through a chain block (chain block), so that the plane 333 of the supporting rod 3 is out of contact with the supporting block 121, and after the supporting rod 3 is pulled, the rope 4 is manually pulled.
Experimental example:
selecting a 273 multiplied by 5mm thin-wall stainless steel seamless steel tube, performing gas cutting to form a C-shaped cylinder with the length of 2200mm, wherein the design width of a notch on the C-shaped cylinder is 180mm, the actual measurement is 170-175 mm, the actual measurement of the inner diameter of the C-shaped cylinder is 253-258 mm,
the inner side circle supporting device is arranged in the position, close to the spherical end socket, of the C-shaped cylinder, as shown in fig. 1 and 3, the upper arc-shaped plate and the lower arc-shaped plate are hinged, the upper arc-shaped plate and the lower arc-shaped plate are abutted against the inner wall surface of the C-shaped cylinder, a supporting rod is arranged between the upper arc-shaped plate and the lower arc-shaped plate, the length of the supporting rod is adjusted by rotating an ejector rod on the supporting rod, and then the inner diameter size of the C-shaped cylinder is gradually supported and recovered to 263 mm;
adjusting the relative position of the tube plate and the C-shaped cylinder, welding the tube plate,
after welding, checking that the roundness of the welded tube plate on the C-shaped cylinder is 2mm and the welding misalignment is 1 mm; when the roundness of the tube plate is below 3mm and the misalignment is below 1.5mm, the welding quality of the tube plate is considered to meet the requirement, so that the welding quality of the tube plate meets the requirement, the spherical seal head is butted with the C-shaped cylinder behind the welded tube plate, the misalignment of the butt joint is controlled to be below 1.5mm, and the spherical seal head is subjected to spot welding after the butt joint is completed;
pulling the rope through the chain block to drive the support rod 3 on the inner side circle supporting device to rotate around the pin shaft II, further losing the support between the upper arc-shaped plate 11 and the lower arc-shaped plate 12, enabling the inner side circle supporting device to be separated from the heat exchanger header, and pulling the inner side circle supporting device out of the heat exchanger header along with the rope;
and finally, welding the spherical end socket, wherein the welding quality of the end socket can reach that the misalignment amount of the inner side of the welding seam is less than 1.5mm, and the back side of the end socket after welding is well formed, so that the requirement of radiographic inspection is met.
According to the experimental examples, the heat exchanger header with good welding quality can be obtained by the welding method for the heat exchanger header.
The present invention has been described above in connection with preferred embodiments, but these embodiments are merely exemplary and merely illustrative. On the basis of the above, the invention can be subjected to various substitutions and modifications, and the substitutions and the modifications are all within the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. The inner side circle supporting device of the heat exchanger header is characterized by comprising an upper arc-shaped plate (11) and a lower arc-shaped plate (12) which are detachably connected, wherein a supporting rod (3) with adjustable length is arranged between the upper arc-shaped plate (11) and the lower arc-shaped plate (12), and the upper arc-shaped plate (11) and the lower arc-shaped plate (12) are used for abutting against the inner wall of the heat exchanger header to support the heat exchanger header (2) from the inside; the end parts of the upper arc-shaped plate (11) and the lower arc-shaped plate (12) are hinged, namely the upper arc-shaped plate (11) and the lower arc-shaped plate (12) are connected into a whole through a first pin shaft (13);
the supporting rod (3) sequentially comprises a top end connector (31), a screw rod (32) and an ejector rod (33) from top to bottom;
the top rod (33) comprises an upper section (331) and a lower section (332), wherein a screwing platform is arranged outside the upper section (331) so as to rotate the top rod (33),
a threaded cavity matched with the screw rod (32) is formed in the upper section (331), so that the length of the supporting rod (3) can be adjusted by screwing the ejector rod (33);
an inwards concave connecting groove (334) is formed in the lower section (332) of the ejector rod (33), a rope (4) is wound and fixed in the connecting groove (334), and the other end of the rope (4) extends to the outside of the heat exchanger header along the axial length direction of the heat exchanger header;
the lower part of the lower section (332) is an quasi-spherical surface, and the bottom surface of the lower section (332) is a plane (333) formed by horizontal cutting;
a supporting block (121) is arranged on the lower arc-shaped plate (12), the top surface of the supporting block (121) is a smooth plane and is used for being abutted against a plane (333) on the lower section (332);
the upper arc-shaped plate (11) is provided with a shaft connecting plate (111), and the shaft connecting plate (111) is hinged with the top end connector (31).
2. The heat exchanger header inside rounding device of claim 1,
the heat exchanger header (2) comprises a tube plate (21), a C-shaped cylinder (22) with a C-shaped section and a spherical end enclosure (23);
the length of the tube plate (21) is consistent with that of the C-shaped cylinder (22), the two sides of the tube plate are welded and fixed on the two sides of the notch of the C-shaped cylinder (22), the tube plate blocks the notch of the C-shaped cylinder to obtain a cylindrical structure with two open ends, and the spherical seal head (23) is blocked and welded at one of the open ends.
3. The heat exchanger header inside rounding device of claim 2,
the outer end faces of the upper arc-shaped plate (11) and the lower arc-shaped plate (12) which are abutted against the inner wall of the heat exchanger header are standard arc faces, and the diameter size of each arc face is consistent with the inner diameter size of the C-shaped cylinder (22) in the heat exchanger header.
4. The heat exchanger header inside rounding device of claim 2,
the support rod (3) is telescopic, and the support rod (3) extends outwards to expand the C-shaped cylinder (22), so that the inner diameter of the C-shaped cylinder (22) is gradually increased until the welding requirement is met.
5. A method for welding a heat exchanger header to the rounding device for the inner side of the heat exchanger header according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that:
before the tube plate is welded, the C-shaped cylinder which contracts inwards is expanded by screwing the ejector rod (33), so that the inner diameter size of the C-shaped cylinder is recovered to the design size before cutting;
after the spherical end socket is fixed by spot welding, the supporting rod (3) of the inner side circle supporting device rotates around the second pin shaft by pulling the rope (4), the inner side circle supporting device of the heat exchanger header is changed from a tight supporting state to a non-tight supporting state, and the rope (4) is pulled out of the heat exchanger header.
6. The heat exchanger header welding method according to claim 5, comprising the steps of,
step 1, obtaining materials and blanking to obtain a C-shaped cylinder,
step 2, installing the inner side rounding device (1) into the C-shaped cylinder;
step 3, expanding the C-shaped cylinder which contracts inwards by screwing the ejector rod (33) so as to restore the inner diameter size of the C-shaped cylinder to 263 mm;
step 4, adjusting the relative position of the tube plate and the C-shaped cylinder, and welding the tube plate;
step 5, checking the roundness and the welding misalignment amount of the welded tube plate on the C-shaped cylinder, butting the welded cylindrical structure with the spherical end enclosure when the roundness and the misalignment amount meet the requirements, and fixing the spherical end enclosure by spot welding;
step 6, the supporting rod (3) on the inner side circle supporting device is driven to rotate around the second pin shaft by pulling the rope (4), so that the upper arc-shaped plate (11) and the lower arc-shaped plate (12) lose support, and then the inner side circle supporting device (1) is pulled out of the heat exchanger header (2) along with the rope (4);
and 7, tightly welding the spherical end socket to the cylindrical structure.
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| CN111843257A (en) | 2020-10-30 |
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