CN111842754A - Progressive radial forging device and process for four hammers with arc tooth bottoms and non-involute complex curved surface tooth profiles - Google Patents
Progressive radial forging device and process for four hammers with arc tooth bottoms and non-involute complex curved surface tooth profiles Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
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- B21J7/00—Hammers; Forging machines with hammers or die jaws acting by impact
- B21J7/02—Special design or construction
- B21J7/14—Forging machines working with several hammers
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of plastic processing, and particularly relates to a progressive radial forging device and process for a four-hammer head with a circular arc tooth bottom non-involute complex curved surface tooth form. A four-hammer progressive radial forging device with a circular arc tooth bottom non-involute complex curved surface tooth shape comprises four radial forging hammers and a clamping device, wherein the four radial forging hammers are circumferentially arrayed in space according to a certain included angle; the radial forging hammer is used for forming the tooth profile of the circular-arc tooth bottom non-involute complex curved surface of the workpiece; the clamping device is used for realizing axial feeding, rotation and axial withdrawal of the workpiece. The invention adopts a plastic forming mode to form the arc tooth bottom non-involute complex curved surface tooth-shaped part, the forming efficiency is high, the tissue fiber of the formed part is continuous, particularly the surface hardening phenomenon of the part after cold forging is obvious, the surface strength is increased, and the reliability of the part is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of plastic processing, and particularly relates to a progressive radial forging device and process for a four-hammer head with a circular arc tooth bottom non-involute complex curved surface tooth form.
Background
The arc-shaped tooth bottom non-involute complex curved surface tooth-shaped part has wide application prospect in the fields of heavy-load mechanical equipment, industrial robots, aerospace and the like due to the unique advantages of the arc-shaped tooth bottom non-involute complex curved surface tooth-shaped part. At present, the production process of the tooth-shaped part mainly comprises two types of traditional cutting machining and plastic forming machining, wherein the cutting machining is mainly used in most gear production enterprises in China, and a hobbing method is a generally adopted cutting machining mode. The hobbing method is mainly suitable for processing involute gears, and for parts with arc tooth bottoms and non-involute complex curved surface tooth profiles, the hobbing method is not suitable due to the complex meshing relationship and difficult determination; although the single-tooth cutting method can form the tooth profile of the circular-arc tooth bottom non-involute complex curved surface, the cutting process can cut off the fiber tissue of the material, the performance of the part is reduced, and the processing efficiency is low. In the plastic forming processing method of the gear, the common multi-tooth rolling method mainly processes the involute gear, but is not applicable to the processing of the non-involute gear; the integral extrusion forming can form the non-involute complex curved surface tooth profile with the arc tooth bottom, but the extrusion force is large, and the requirement on equipment is high.
The radial forging is a multidirectional local loading progressive forming technology, and has the advantages of high forging frequency and small deformation forging, so that the deformation resistance is small, the material fiber structure of the forged part is continuous, the material structure is obviously refined, and the surface hardening phenomenon of the part is obvious. The patent publication No. CN201410218696.5 discloses a method for forming an integral short lead screw with thread and gear features by radial forging, each radial forging die has a thread-shaped section and a gear-shaped section, the gear-shaped section is an integral die composed of a plurality of internal teeth, so that the moving directions of the teeth on the die are the same and are the moving directions of the integral hammer head during the forging forming process of the die, but the finite element analysis software analyzes that the workpiece material of the die teeth on the side edges cannot flow outwards along the tooth-shaped central line symmetrically in the radial direction during the forging process, but accumulates to one side, so that the material flow is not uniform, and the tooth-shaped quality is affected. The patent with publication number CN201410008451.X provides a gear radial rotary swaging forming device and method, a rotary swaging die rotates, a radial punch circularly presses a blank to form a gear part, the stroke amount of the radial punch is not adjustable, and the gear part can only be formed in a single pass, so that the required forming force is large, and the tooth profile quality is difficult to ensure; in addition, the swaging apparatus is noisy and provides a low forming force.
In summary, the existing processing of the non-involute complex curved surface tooth profile of the circular arc tooth bottom has the following defects:
(1) the cutting processing mode can cut off the fiber tissue of the material, reduce the performance of the part and has low processing efficiency;
(2) the forming force is large in an integral extrusion forming mode;
(3) the forging mode of the multi-tooth integrated hammer head has the advantages that the material flow is not uniform in the forming process, and the tooth profile quality is poor;
(4) the forging amount of the radial rotary swaging forming mode of the gear cannot be adjusted, the forming force is large, and the tooth profile quality is difficult to ensure.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a progressive radial forging device and a process for a four-hammer head with a non-involute complex curved surface tooth form at a circular-arc tooth bottom.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a four-hammer progressive radial forging device with a circular arc tooth bottom and a non-involute complex curved surface tooth form is characterized in that:
the device comprises four radial forging hammers and a clamping device, wherein the four radial forging hammers are circumferentially arrayed in space according to a certain included angle;
The radial forging hammer is used for forming the tooth profile of the circular-arc tooth bottom non-involute complex curved surface of the workpiece;
the clamping device is used for realizing axial feeding, rotation and axial withdrawal of the workpiece.
Further, the clamping device is a manipulator.
Further, radial forging hammer headThe outer contour of the forging hammer is a single internal tooth shape with a circular arc tooth crest non-involute complex curved surface, and included angles alpha between four radial forging hammers1、α2、α3、α4Determined by the number of teeth Z of the part to be formed;
when the number of teeth Z is even number and is multiple of natural number 4, the included angle alpha between the four radial forging hammers1、α2、α3、α4Are all 90 degrees;
when the number of teeth Z is an even number and is a multiple of 4 of an unnatural number, included angles alpha between the four radial forging hammers1、α2、α3、α4With specific reference to equation 1, determine:
when the number of teeth Z is odd and Z +1 is a multiple of the natural number 4, the included angle alpha between the four radial forging hammers1、α2、α3、α4With specific reference to equation 2, determine:
when the number of teeth Z is odd and Z-1 is a multiple of the natural number 4, the included angle alpha between the four radial forging hammers1、α2、α3、α4With specific reference to equation 3, determine:
in addition, the invention also provides a forging process based on the four-hammer progressive radial forging device with the circular arc tooth bottom non-involute complex curved surface tooth form, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) Clamping the small-diameter end part of the workpiece by using a manipulator;
2) clamping a workpiece by using a manipulator and feeding the workpiece in the radial forging hammer direction to enable a large-diameter part of the workpiece to completely enter a radial forging hammer striking range;the total radial forging amount of the radial forging hammer is S0The amount of finished radial forging is S1At this time S1＝0；
3) Forging the radial forging hammer head for the first time to form 4 tooth profiles, specifically:
3.1) beating and forging by utilizing a radial forging hammer, wherein the radial forging amount is delta; delta is calculated from the total radial forging amount S0And the number m of forging passes, and is determined by specifically referring to formula 4:
3.2) lifting the radial forging hammer;
4) rotating the workpiece;
if the number of teeth of the formed gear or spline is Z, the workpiece rotation angle θ during radial forging is determined with reference to equation 5:
5) the radial forging hammer is used for striking and forging, and the radial forging amount is delta;
6) lifting the radial forging hammer;
7) repeating the step 4) to the step 6), continuously rotating the workpiece, continuously striking and lifting the radial forging hammer to finish the primary forming of all tooth shapes on the workpiece under the radial forging quantity delta, and determining the repetition times n according to the tooth number Z;
when the number of teeth Z is an even number and is a multiple of the natural number 4, the number of repetitions n is determined specifically with reference to equation 6:
when the number of teeth Z is an even number and a multiple of an unnatural number 4, the number of repetitions n is determined specifically with reference to equation 7:
When the number of teeth Z is an odd number and Z +1 is a multiple of the natural number 4, the number of repetitions n is determined with specific reference to equation 8:
when the number of teeth Z is an even number and Z-1 is a multiple of the natural number 4, the number of repetitions n is determined with particular reference to equation 9:
8) rotating the workpiece by a rotating angle of-theta; θ is determined by the number of teeth Z, as determined with particular reference to equation 5;
9) the radial forging hammer head is used for striking and forging, the radial forging amount is delta, and delta is calculated by the total radial forging amount S0And the number m of forging passes, and is determined by specifically referring to a formula 4;
10) lifting the radial forging hammer;
11) repeating the steps 8) to 10), continuously rotating the workpiece, continuously striking and lifting the radial forging hammer head, and finishing shaping all tooth shapes on the workpiece under the radial forging quantity delta, wherein the repetition frequency is n; the repetition number n is determined according to the tooth number Z, and is specifically determined according to formula 6, formula 7, formula 8 and formula 9;
12) judging whether the total radial forging amount is finished or not, and determining by specifically referring to a formula 10:
S′1＝S1the + delta is given by the equation 10,
when the radial forging amount is equal to the total radial forging amount of the radial forging hammer, turning to step 13);
when S is1′＜S0Adjusting the radial forging feed amount of the forging hammer head to increase the radial feed amount by delta; delta is calculated from the total radial forging amount S0And the number m of forging passes, and is determined by specifically referring to a formula 4; repeating the steps 3) to 12) until the radial forging amount is equal to the total radial forging amount of the radial forging hammer head, completing the forming of the tooth profile of the non-involute complex curved surface at the arc tooth bottom, and turning to the step 13);
13) And (5) clamping the workpiece by the manipulator and axially withdrawing, and discharging.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the part with the arc tooth bottom and the non-involute complex curved surface tooth shape is formed by adopting a plastic forming mode, the forming efficiency is high, the formed part tissue fiber is continuous, particularly the surface hardening phenomenon of the part after cold forging is obvious, the surface strength is increased, and the reliability of the part is improved;
(2) the single-tooth hammer head only forms one tooth by one-time striking, the material can symmetrically flow outwards along the radial direction from two sides along the tooth profile central line, the material flow is uniform, and the tooth profile precision is high;
(3) the forming force is small by adopting small forging amount and high-frequency forging forming;
(4) the multi-pass forming is adopted, the forging quantity is adjustable, the forging force is large, the tooth profile progressive forming can be realized, the forming force is small, and the forming precision is high.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the apparatus of the present invention in assembly;
FIG. 2 is an axial view of a radially forged hammer head according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the included angles between four radial forging hammers according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the radial forging hammer head striking forging of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the radial forge head lifting of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the rotation of a workpiece according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a first pass through the forging operation;
Fig. 8 is a tooth profile diagram of a non-involute complex curved surface of a circular-arc tooth bottom after forming.
Wherein, 1-forging a hammer head in a radial direction; 2-a workpiece; 3-mechanical arm.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, the four-hammer progressive radial forging device for the circular arc tooth bottom non-involute complex curved surface tooth form comprises four radial forging hammers 1, wherein the radial forging hammers 1 are circumferentially arrayed in a certain included angle in space by taking the axis of a workpiece 2 as a center. The large diameter portion of the workpiece 2 is used to form the tooth profile, and the small diameter end is a non-formed portion. The manipulator 3 is clamped at the small-diameter end part of the workpiece 2 and is used for realizing the axial feeding, rotation and axial withdrawing work of the workpiece 2.
Referring to fig. 2, the outer contour of the radial forging hammer 1 is a single inner tooth shape with a circular arc tooth crest and a non-involute complex curved surface, and a gear shaft or spline shaft part with a circular arc tooth bottom and a non-involute complex curved surface corresponding to the radial forging hammer 1 can be formed by radially forging the workpiece 2. The single-tooth hammer head only forms one tooth by one-time striking, and the finite element analysis software analyzes that the material of the workpiece 2 can symmetrically flow outwards along the radial direction towards two sides in the forging process, the material flow is uniform, and the tooth profile quality is high. The tooth-shaped part formed by radial forging has continuous tissue fibers, particularly the part after cold forging has obvious work hardening phenomenon, and the performance of the part is obviously improved.
The number of the formed gears or splines is Z, and referring to FIG. 3, included angles among four radial forging hammers 1 are respectively alpha1、α2、α3、α4，α1、α2、α3、α4Determined by the tooth number Z;
when the number of teeth Z is even number and is a multiple of the natural number 4, the included angle alpha between the four radial forging heads 11、α2、α3、α4Are all 90 degrees;
when the number of teeth Z is an even number and is a multiple of an unnatural number 4, included angles alpha between the four radial forging hammers 11、α2、α3、α4With particular reference to equation (1):
when the number of teeth Z is odd and Z +1 is a multiple of the natural number 4, the included angle alpha between the four radial forging hammers 11、α2、α3、α4With specific reference to equation (2):
when the number of teeth Z is odd and Z-1 is a multiple of a natural number 4, included angles alpha between the four radial forging hammers 11、α2、α3、α4With specific reference to equation (3):
the total radial forging amount of the radial forging hammer head 1 is S0The number of the adopted times is m, and m is more than or equal to 1, so that the progressive forming of the tooth profile can be realized.
A progressive radial forging process for a four-hammer with a circular arc tooth bottom and a non-involute complex curved surface tooth form comprises the following steps:
Clamping the small-diameter end part of the workpiece 2 by a manipulator 3;
Referring to fig. 1, a manipulator 3 clamps a workpiece 2 and feeds the workpiece in the direction of a radial forging hammer head 1, so that a large-diameter part of the workpiece 2 completely enters the striking range of the radial forging hammer head 1; the total radial forging amount of the radial forging hammer head 1 is S 0The amount of finished radial forging is S1At this time S1＝0；
step 3.1, referring to fig. 4, beating and forging the radial forging hammer head 1, wherein the radial forging amount is delta; delta is calculated from the total radial forging amount S0And the number m of forging passes, and is determined by specifically referring to the formula (4):
step 3.2, referring to fig. 5, lifting the radial forging hammer head 1;
step 4, referring to fig. 6, the workpiece 2 rotates;
the number of teeth of the formed gear or spline is Z, Z is an even number and is a multiple of a natural number 4, and the rotation angle theta of the workpiece 2 during radial forging is determined by referring to the formula (5):
step 5, striking and forging the radial forging hammer 1, wherein the radial forging amount is delta;
step 6, lifting the radial forging hammer head 1;
step 7, referring to fig. 7, repeating the steps 4 to 6, continuously rotating the workpiece 2, continuously striking and lifting the radial forging hammer 1 to finish the primary forming of all tooth shapes on the workpiece 2 under the radial forging quantity delta, and determining the repetition times n according to the tooth number Z;
when the number of teeth Z is an even number and is a multiple of the natural number 4, the number of repetitions n is determined with specific reference to equation (6):
when the number of teeth Z is an even number and a multiple of an unnatural number 4, the number of repetitions n is determined specifically with reference to equation (7):
When the number of teeth Z is an odd number and Z +1 is a multiple of the natural number 4, the number of repetitions n is determined with specific reference to equation (8):
when the number of teeth Z is an even number and Z-1 is a multiple of the natural number 4, the number of repetitions n is determined with particular reference to equation (9):
step 8, rotating the workpiece 2 by a rotation angle of-theta; θ is determined by the number of teeth Z, in particular with reference to equation (5);
step 9, striking and forging the radial forging hammer head 1, wherein the radial forging amount is delta, and the delta is determined by the total radial forging amount S0 and the forging pass number m, and is specifically determined by referring to a formula (4);
step 10, lifting the radial forging hammer head 1;
step 11, repeating the steps 8 to 10, continuously rotating the workpiece 2, continuously striking and lifting the radial forging hammer head 1, and finishing shaping all tooth shapes on the workpiece 2 under the radial forging quantity delta, wherein the repetition frequency is n; the repetition number n is determined according to the tooth number Z, and is specifically determined by referring to a formula (6), a formula (7), a formula (8) and a formula (9);
step 12, judging whether the total radial forging amount is finished, and specifically determining according to a formula (10):
S′1＝S1+Δ (10)，
when the radial forging amount is equal to the total radial forging amount of the radial forging hammer 1, turning to step 13;
is S'1＜S0In the process, the radial forging feed amount of the forging hammer head 1 is adjusted to increase delta; delta is calculated from the total radial forging amount S 0And the number m of forging passes, and is determined by specifically referring to a formula (1); repeating the steps 3 to 12 until the radial forging amount is equal to the total radial forging amount of the radial forging hammer 1, completing the forming of the tooth profile of the non-involute complex curved surface at the arc tooth bottom, and turning to a step 13, wherein the formed tooth profile is shown in a figure 8;
and step 13, clamping the workpiece 2 by the manipulator 3, axially withdrawing, and discharging.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent structures or equivalent flow transformations made by using the contents of the specification and the drawings, or applied directly or indirectly to other related systems, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. The utility model provides a four tup radial forging device that gradually of complex curved surface profile of tooth that does not involute at circular arc tooth bottom, its characterized in that:
the device comprises four radial forging hammers (1) and a clamping device, wherein the four radial forging hammers (1) are circumferentially arrayed in space at a certain included angle;
the radial forging hammer head (1) is used for realizing the forming of the tooth profile of the non-involute complex curved surface at the bottom of the circular arc tooth on the workpiece (2);
the clamping device is used for realizing axial feeding, rotation and axial withdrawal of the workpiece (2).
2. The four-hammer progressive radial forging device with the circular-arc tooth bottom and the non-involute complex curved surface tooth form as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that:
the clamping device is a manipulator (3).
3. The four-hammer progressive radial forging device with the circular-arc tooth bottom and the non-involute complex curved surface tooth form as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that:
the outer contour of the radial forging hammer heads (1) is in a single inner tooth shape with a circular arc tooth crest and a non-involute complex curved surface, and included angles alpha between the four radial forging hammer heads (1)1、α2、α3、α4Determined by the number of teeth Z of the part to be formed;
when the number of teeth Z is even number and is a multiple of a natural number 4, included angles alpha between the four radial forging hammers (1)1、α2、α3、α4Are all 90 degrees;
when the number of teeth Z is an even number and is a multiple of an unnatural number 4, included angles alpha between the four radial forging hammers (1)1、α2、α3、α4With specific reference to equation 1, determine:
when the number of teeth Z is odd and Z +1 is a multiple of the natural number 4, the included angle alpha between the four radial forging hammers (1)1、α2、α3、α4With specific reference to equation 2, determine:
when the number of teeth Z is odd and Z-1 is a multiple of a natural number 4, included angles alpha between the four radial forging hammers (1)1、α2、α3、α4With specific reference to equation 3, determine:
4. a progressive radial forging process for a four-hammer with a circular arc tooth bottom and a non-involute complex curved surface tooth form is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) Clamping the small-diameter end part of the workpiece (2) by using a manipulator (3);
2) clamping a workpiece (2) by using a manipulator (3) and feeding the workpiece in the direction of a radial forging hammer head (1), so that the large-diameter part of the workpiece (2) completely enters the striking range of the radial forging hammer head (1); the total radial forging amount of the radial forging hammer head (1) is S0The amount of finished radial forging is S1At this time S1＝0；
3) Forging the radial forging hammer head (1) for the first time to form 4 tooth profiles, specifically:
3.1) beating and forging by using a radial forging hammer head (1), wherein the radial forging amount is delta; delta is calculated from the total radial forging amount S0And the number m of forging passes, and is determined by specifically referring to formula 4:
3.2) lifting the radial forging hammer head (1);
4) rotating the workpiece (2);
if the number of teeth of the formed gear or spline is Z, the rotation angle theta of the workpiece (2) during radial forging is determined by referring to equation 5:
5) the radial forging hammer head (1) performs striking forging, and the radial forging amount is delta;
6) lifting the radial forging hammer head (1);
7) repeating the step 4) to the step 6), continuously rotating the workpiece (2), continuously striking and lifting the radial forging hammer head (1) to finish the primary forming of all tooth shapes on the workpiece (2) under the radial forging quantity delta, and determining the repetition times n according to the tooth number Z;
when the number of teeth Z is an even number and is a multiple of the natural number 4, the number of repetitions n is determined specifically with reference to equation 6:
When the number of teeth Z is an even number and a multiple of an unnatural number 4, the number of repetitions n is determined specifically with reference to equation 7:
when the number of teeth Z is an odd number and Z +1 is a multiple of the natural number 4, the number of repetitions n is determined with specific reference to equation 8:
when the number of teeth Z is an even number and Z-1 is a multiple of the natural number 4, the number of repetitions n is determined with particular reference to equation 9:
8) the workpiece (2) rotates by a rotating angle of-theta; θ is determined by the number of teeth Z, as determined with particular reference to equation 5;
9) the radial forging hammer head (1) performs striking forging, the radial forging amount is delta, and the delta is calculated by the total radial forging amount S0And the number m of forging passes, and is determined by specifically referring to a formula 4;
10) lifting the radial forging hammer head (1);
11) repeating the step 8) to the step 10), continuously rotating the workpiece (2), continuously striking and lifting the radial forging hammer head (1), and finishing shaping all tooth shapes on the workpiece (2) under the radial forging quantity delta, wherein the repetition frequency is n; the repetition number n is determined according to the tooth number Z, and is specifically determined according to formula 6, formula 7, formula 8 and formula 9;
12) judging whether the total radial forging amount is finished or not, and determining by specifically referring to a formula 10:
S′1＝S1the + delta is given by the equation 10,
when the radial forging amount is equal to the total radial forging amount of the radial forging hammer head (1), turning to step 13);
is S' 1＜S0During the forging, the radial forging feeding amount of the forging hammer head (1) is adjusted to increase the radial feeding amount by delta; delta is calculated from the total radial forging amount S0And the number m of forging passes, and is determined by specifically referring to a formula 4; repeating the step 3) to the step 12) until the radial forging amount is equal to the total radial forging amount of the radial forging hammer head (1), completing the forming of the non-involute complex curved surface tooth profile at the bottom of the circular arc tooth, and turning to the step 13);
13) the workpiece (2) is clamped by the manipulator (3) and axially withdrawn, and then the workpiece is unloaded.
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| WO2010009507A1 (en) * | 2008-07-25 | 2010-01-28 | Garford Pty Ltd | A method of swaging |
| CN102527900A (en) * | 2012-02-15 | 2012-07-04 | 西北工业大学 | Precision forging die of gear shaft and molding method of precision forging die |
| CN103978147A (en) * | 2014-05-21 | 2014-08-13 | 西安交通大学 | Radial forging and gradual-increment forming method for large-tooth-height thread element |
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