CN111841587A - Solid base catalyst and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Solid base catalyst and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111841587A CN111841587A CN202010638127.1A CN202010638127A CN111841587A CN 111841587 A CN111841587 A CN 111841587A CN 202010638127 A CN202010638127 A CN 202010638127A CN 111841587 A CN111841587 A CN 111841587A
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- NROKBHXJSPEDAR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[K+] NROKBHXJSPEDAR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- MFUVDXOKPBAHMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;dinitrate;hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Mg+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O MFUVDXOKPBAHMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000003270 potassium fluoride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011698 potassium fluoride Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- GJKFIJKSBFYMQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum(3+);trinitrate;hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[La+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O GJKFIJKSBFYMQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000967 suction filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 15
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 14
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005809 transesterification reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- WQDUMFSSJAZKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium methoxide Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C WQDUMFSSJAZKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012295 chemical reaction liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxol-2-one Chemical compound O=C1OC=CO1 VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002815 homogeneous catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004445 quantitative analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/06—Halogens; Compounds thereof
- B01J27/138—Halogens; Compounds thereof with alkaline earth metals, magnesium, beryllium, zinc, cadmium or mercury
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/10—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of rare earths
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/08—Heat treatment
- B01J37/082—Decomposition and pyrolysis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C68/00—Preparation of esters of carbonic or haloformic acids
- C07C68/06—Preparation of esters of carbonic or haloformic acids from organic carbonates
- C07C68/065—Preparation of esters of carbonic or haloformic acids from organic carbonates from alkylene carbonates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2523/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00
- C07C2523/10—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00 of rare earths
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2527/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- C07C2527/06—Halogens; Compounds thereof
- C07C2527/138—Compounds comprising a halogen and an alkaline earth metal, magnesium, beryllium, zinc, cadmium or mercury
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a solid base catalyst and a preparation method thereof, wherein the preparation method of the catalyst comprises the following steps: catalyst carrier preparation, catalyst loading and catalyst calcination. The activity of the catalyst is investigated by taking dimethyl carbonate prepared by transesterification of ethylene carbonate and methanol as a template reaction, and the result shows that the catalyst has good catalytic activity compared with a common solid base catalyst. The novel solid base catalyst avoids the use of a large amount of washing and dewatering in the application of the traditional homogeneous base catalyst, not only effectively saves water resources, accords with the green environmental protection idea, but also saves the sewage treatment cost and reduces the production cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a solid base catalyst and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the field of organic synthesis and catalysis.
Background
The base catalyst is widely applied to various organic synthesis fields, and the production of a plurality of important chemical products can be carried out only by depending on the catalysis of the base catalyst.
The traditional alkali catalyst such as caustic soda, soda ash, sodium methoxide and the like has the advantages of high reaction rate, good conversion rate and the like. However, the alkali catalyst belongs to a homogeneous catalyst, has strong corrosivity, is difficult to recycle, is difficult to separate from a reaction system after the reaction is finished, needs a large amount of water to elute the alkali catalyst from the reaction system, and causes great waste of water resources. In addition, the waste water discharged after elution has strong alkalinity, simultaneously contains incompletely-reacted reactants and various generated byproducts, can cause serious harm to the environment if being directly discharged, and can generate a large amount of sewage treatment cost if being subjected to harmless treatment, thereby increasing the production cost.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to better solve the problems caused by the traditional homogeneous base catalyst, the invention aims to provide a solid base catalyst and a preparation method thereof.
A preparation method of a solid base catalyst comprises the following steps:
1) preparation of catalyst support
Weighing carrier precursors of magnesium nitrate hexahydrate and lanthanum nitrate hexahydrate in a molar ratio of 1:1, dissolving in deionized water, heating to 60 ℃, dropwise adding a pH regulator until the pH value is 10, heating to 85 ℃, stirring for 6 hours, standing, aging for 12 hours, performing suction filtration and washing to neutrality, performing vacuum drying at 80 ℃, calcining for 4 hours at 600 ℃, and grinding to fine powder for later use;
2) load(s)
Weighing an alkali precursor potassium fluoride according to the loading amount of 20-40% of the mass of the catalyst carrier, dissolving the alkali precursor in deionized water, dispersing the catalyst carrier in an alkali precursor solution, heating to 60 ℃, stirring for 6 hours, evaporating to dryness at 80 ℃, then drying in vacuum, and crushing for later use;
3) calcination of
Heating the catalyst carrier loaded with the alkali precursor in the step 2) to 500-600 ℃, preserving the temperature for 3-5 hours, and naturally cooling to obtain the solid alkali catalyst.
The pH regulator is 1mol/L KOH solution.
The loading capacity of the alkali precursor is 25% -30%.
In the preparation method, in the step 3) of calcining, the heating rate is 5 ℃/min.
A solid base catalyst obtained according to said preparation method.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the solid base catalyst is used for replacing the traditional homogeneous base catalyst, so that various negative effects caused by the use of the homogeneous base are avoided, equipment corrosion is avoided, water resources are saved, and the production cost is reduced.
2. The solid base catalyst related by the invention has reusability, and avoids the problem that the traditional homogeneous base catalyst can only be used once.
6. The solid base catalyst can adjust the loading amount thereof through different loading amounts, so that the finally prepared catalyst has different base strengths and base amounts and can meet the requirements of different use conditions.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of an experimental set-up;
in the figure, a condenser 1, a liquid receiver 2, a Vickers column 3, a round-bottomed flask 4, a three-necked flask 5, an oil bath 6, and a thermometer 7 are shown.
FIG. 2 is a standard curve of ethylene carbonate, wherein the abscissa represents the mass ratio of ethylene carbonate to internal standard n-heptane in the standard sample, and the ordinate represents the peak area ratio of the ethylene carbonate to internal standard n-heptane in the chromatogram.
FIG. 3 is a standard curve of dimethyl carbonate, wherein the abscissa is the mass ratio of dimethyl carbonate to internal standard n-heptane in the standard sample, and the ordinate is the peak area ratio of the two in the chromatogram.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated below with reference to examples and figures.
Example 1 (preparation)
1) Preparation of catalyst carrier: 2.5641g (about 0.01 mol) of carrier precursor I magnesium nitrate hexahydrate and 4.3301g (about 0.01 mol) of carrier precursor II lanthanum nitrate hexahydrate are weighed into a 250mL three-neck flask, 50mL deionized water is added for dissolving, the mixture is placed into an oil bath pot after being uniformly stirred, the temperature is raised to 60 ℃, then KOH solution with the concentration of 1mol/L substance is dripped into the three-neck flask, the dripping is stopped when the pH value of the solution is about 10, the temperature is raised to 85 ℃, and the mixture is stirred for 6 hours. Standing and aging for 12h after stirring, pumping out, filtering and washing to be neutral, vacuum drying at 80 ℃, calcining for 4h at 600 ℃, and grinding to fine powder for later use;
2) loading: weighing a certain amount of catalyst carrier, weighing a certain amount of alkali precursor potassium fluoride according to 25% of loading capacity, dissolving the potassium fluoride in deionized water, adding the weighed catalyst carrier, completely dispersing the weighed catalyst carrier in an alkali precursor solution, heating to 60 ℃, continuously stirring for 6 hours, evaporating to dryness at 80 ℃, then drying in vacuum, and crushing for later use.
3) And (3) calcining: and heating the completely dried catalyst carrier loaded with the alkali precursor to 500 ℃ in a muffle furnace at a certain heating rate, keeping the temperature for 3 hours, and naturally cooling to obtain the solid alkali catalyst.
Example 2 (preparation)
1) Preparation of catalyst support reference preparation example 1
2) Loading: weighing a certain amount of catalyst carrier, weighing a certain amount of alkali precursor according to the load of 30%, dissolving the alkali precursor in deionized water, adding the weighed catalyst carrier and completely dispersing the catalyst carrier in an alkali precursor solution, heating to 60 ℃, continuously stirring for 6 hours, evaporating to dryness at 80 ℃, then drying in vacuum, and crushing for later use.
3) And (3) calcining: and heating the completely dried catalyst carrier loaded with the alkali precursor to 550 ℃ in a muffle furnace at a certain heating rate, keeping the temperature for 4 hours, and naturally cooling to obtain the solid alkali catalyst.
Example 3 (preparation)
1) Preparation of catalyst support reference preparation example 1
2) Loading: weighing a certain amount of catalyst carrier, weighing a certain amount of alkali precursor according to 35% of loading capacity, dissolving the alkali precursor in deionized water, adding the weighed catalyst carrier and completely dispersing the catalyst carrier in an alkali precursor solution, heating to 60 ℃, continuously stirring for 6 hours, evaporating to dryness at 80 ℃, then drying in vacuum, and crushing for later use.
3) And (3) calcining: and heating the completely dried catalyst carrier loaded with the alkali precursor to 600 ℃ in a muffle furnace at a certain heating rate, keeping the temperature for 5 hours, and naturally cooling to obtain the solid alkali catalyst.
Example 4 (Activity evaluation)
The activity of the catalyst is evaluated by taking dimethyl carbonate prepared by transesterification of ethylene carbonate and methanol as a template reaction. The solid base catalyst of the present invention was applied to the preparation of dimethyl carbonate according to the following experimental procedure.
The experimental apparatus shown in FIG. 1 was used, and it included a condenser 1, a liquid receiver 2, a Vickers fractionating column 3, a round-bottomed flask 4, a three-necked flask 5, an oil bath 6, and a thermometer 7.
2.2015g of ethylene carbonate and 4.0053g of anhydrous methanol are respectively weighed according to the molar ratio of 5:1, stirred at room temperature until the ethylene carbonate is completely dissolved in the methanol, then 0.0330g of solid base catalyst (1.5 wt% of ethylene carbonate) is added into a 25mL three-neck flask 5, heated in an oil bath 6 and reacted at 70 ℃ for 4 hours, and during the reaction, the product and a small part of methanol are collected into a round-bottom flask 4 through a Weibull fractionating column 3 and a liquid receiving tube 2. After the reaction is finished, quenching is carried out, liquid in the round bottom flask 4 and liquid in the three-neck flask 5 in the figure 1 are transferred to a centrifugal tube, centrifugal separation is carried out, 1.4096g of supernatant is taken and added with 0.1g of n-heptane internal standard, the mixture is diluted to 25mL, and quantitative analysis is carried out by gas chromatography. And calculating the actual mass of the ethylene carbonate and the dimethyl carbonate in the reaction liquid according to a standard curve (see fig. 2 and fig. 3), and calculating the yield of the dimethyl carbonate to be 40.0122% according to the formulas 1 to 3.
Wherein: mECThe actual mass of the vinyl carbonate in the reaction solution after the reaction is finished;
MDMCthe mass of the dimethyl carbonate in the reaction liquid after the reaction is finished;
M0adding ethylene carbonate for the initial time;
CECis the conversion rate of the ethylene carbonate;
SDMCselectivity to dimethyl carbonate;
YDMCthe yield was dimethyl carbonate.
Example 5 (comparative example)
The preparation method of the dimethyl carbonate by taking MgO as a catalyst comprises the following steps:
the procedure was as in example 4. Calculated dimethyl carbonate yield was 8.2243%.
Example 6 (comparative example)
The preparation method of dimethyl carbonate by using CsX molecular sieve as a catalyst comprises the following steps:
the procedure was as in example 4. Calculated dimethyl carbonate yield was 6.3472%.
Claims (5)
1. A method for preparing a solid base catalyst, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
1) preparation of catalyst support
Weighing carrier precursors of magnesium nitrate hexahydrate and lanthanum nitrate hexahydrate in a molar ratio of 1:1, dissolving in deionized water, heating to 60 ℃, dropwise adding a pH regulator until the pH value is 10, heating to 85 ℃, stirring for 6 hours, standing, aging for 12 hours, performing suction filtration and washing to neutrality, performing vacuum drying at 80 ℃, calcining for 4 hours at 600 ℃, and grinding to fine powder for later use;
2) load(s)
Weighing an alkali precursor potassium fluoride according to the loading amount of 20-40% of the mass of the catalyst carrier, dissolving the alkali precursor in deionized water, dispersing the catalyst carrier in an alkali precursor solution, heating to 60 ℃, stirring for 6 hours, evaporating to dryness at 80 ℃, then drying in vacuum, and crushing for later use;
3) Calcination of
Heating the catalyst carrier loaded with the alkali precursor in the step 2) to 500-600 ℃, preserving the temperature for 3-5 hours, and naturally cooling to obtain the solid alkali catalyst.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the pH regulator is a 1mol/L KOH solution.
3. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the loading amount of the alkali precursor is 25% to 30%.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the calcination in the step 3), the temperature increase rate is 5 ℃/min.
5. The solid base catalyst obtained by the production method according to claim 1.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112480342A (en) * | 2020-10-31 | 2021-03-12 | 浙江大学衢州研究院 | Method for preparing ketone-aldehyde resin by using solid base catalyst |
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2020
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