CN111835882B - Device address list acquisition method, network device and readable storage medium - Google Patents
Device address list acquisition method, network device and readable storage medium Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04L61/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for addressing or naming
- H04L61/50—Address allocation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L61/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for addressing or naming
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device address list obtaining method, network equipment and a readable storage medium. The master device sends an inquiry broadcast packet, the inquiry broadcast packet is not provided with a source address and a destination address, and the load of the inquiry broadcast packet can selectively contain the address of the master device, when the load of the inquiry broadcast packet does not contain the address of the master device, the slave device replies a feedback broadcast packet, the load of the feedback broadcast packet contains the address of the slave device, when the load of the inquiry broadcast packet contains the address of the master device, the slave device can selectively reply a feedback broadcast packet, the load of the feedback broadcast packet contains the address of the slave device, or the slave device can also reply a private packet, the private packet contains the source address and the destination address, the source address is the address of the slave device, and the destination address is the address of the master device. In addition, the master device may dynamically adjust the slave device's position in the list based on the signal strength of the wireless packet sent by the slave device.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wireless communication, in particular to a device address list obtaining method, network equipment and a readable storage medium.
Background
Due to the factors of low power consumption, low cost of system deployment and the like, bluetooth low energy (Bluetooth low energy) has been rapidly developed in asset management applications in recent years. The asset management system based on the low-power-consumption Bluetooth is realized by low-power-consumption Bluetooth beacons (beacons), managed assets or devices (hereinafter, collectively referred to as managed assets) are provided with the Bluetooth beacons, each Bluetooth beacon is distributed with different addresses (equivalent to identity codes), the Bluetooth beacons are periodically broadcasted to send broadcast packets with address identities, and between two broadcasts, the Bluetooth beacons are in a low-power-consumption sleep state and have extremely low power consumption. The scanning device continuously monitors the broadcast signals and updates the ex-warehouse and in-warehouse records so as to achieve the purpose of asset management. Specifically, if an originally existing bluetooth beacon cannot be scanned within a period of time, it is indicated to be out of the warehouse; and if a Bluetooth beacon of a new address is scanned, indicating that the Bluetooth beacon is stored in a warehouse.
Some asset management systems also have a positioning requirement that the broadcast signal attenuates as the transmission distance increases as it travels over the air, and in accordance with this principle, multipoint positioning can be performed based on the received broadcast signal strength. As shown in fig. 7, the device x equipped with the bluetooth beacon continuously transmits a broadcast signal, the devices a, B, and C, which are bluetooth scanning devices, continuously scan the broadcast signal and record information such as the reception time and the corresponding Radio Signal Strength (RSSI), and the center device can locate the device x according to the information and the location information of the devices a, B, and C. When high precision positioning is required, more than three bluetooth scanning devices may be employed to perform the scanning.
In the asset management system, the managed asset can be regarded as a master device, and the bluetooth scanning device can be regarded as a slave device, and data interaction between a specific master device and the slave device is essentially one-to-one data communication, so that the master device needs to know the address of the slave device in advance in order to improve communication efficiency and avoid spectrum pollution. In addition, for the mobile managed assets, the distance between the slave device and the master device is dynamically changed, so that the distance between the slave device and the master device and the signal strength value are also dynamically changed.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the present invention provides a device address list acquiring method, a network device, and a readable storage medium, so as to facilitate a master device to acquire and update a slave device address list.
The invention provides a method for acquiring an equipment address list, which comprises the following steps:
allocating addresses to a master device and a slave device which form a wireless network respectively, wherein the address allocated to each device is used for being switched to be used as a source address or a destination address;
the method comprises the steps that a main device sends an inquiry broadcast packet used for obtaining a device address list, wherein the inquiry broadcast packet is not provided with a source address and a destination address, and the load of the inquiry broadcast packet can selectively contain the address of the main device;
the method comprises the steps that a master device receives feedback broadcast packets or private packets replied by a plurality of slave devices, wherein when the load of a query broadcast packet does not contain the address of the master device, the master device receives the feedback broadcast packets replied by the plurality of slave devices, and the load of the feedback broadcast packets contains the address of the slave devices; when the load of the inquiry broadcast packet contains the address of the master device, the master device receives private packets or feedback broadcast packets selectively replied by a plurality of slave devices, wherein the private packets contain source addresses and destination addresses, the source addresses of the private packets are the addresses of the slave devices, the destination addresses of the slave devices are the addresses of the master devices, and the load of the feedback broadcast packet contains the addresses of the slave devices;
the master device records the addresses of the several slave devices in a list.
Optionally, the number of the slave devices is two or more, a plurality of the slave devices transmit the feedback broadcast packet or the private packet by using a random backoff mechanism, and a minimum step distance of the random backoff mechanism is greater than or equal to a duration occupied by the feedback broadcast packet and is also greater than or equal to a sum of the durations occupied by the private packet and the response packet thereof.
Optionally, the stronger the signal strength of the feedback broadcast packet or the private packet is, the smaller the number of random backoff steps is.
Optionally, the receiving, by the master device, a feedback broadcast packet or a private packet replied by the plurality of slave devices includes:
if the feedback broadcast packet or the private packet is not received within the preset time, the master device sends the inquiry broadcast packet again until the feedback broadcast packet or the private packet replied by at least one slave device is obtained;
or after receiving a predetermined number of feedback broadcast packets or private packets replied by the slave device, the master device stops sending a query broadcast packet for obtaining the device address list;
or, if a feedback broadcast packet or a private packet replied by at least one slave device is received within a predetermined time, the master device stops sending the inquiry broadcast packet for acquiring the device address list.
Optionally, the location of the several slave devices is fixed, any slave device may know the addresses of the other slave devices and the distance between them, which is expressed as a signal attenuation value,
the device address list acquisition method comprises the following steps: the master device obtains the distance between the master device and each slave device.
Optionally, the feedback broadcast packet or the private packet includes a distance between the slave device and any other slave device,
the method for acquiring the distance between the master device and each slave device comprises the following steps:
and the master equipment acquires the distance between the master equipment and any other slave equipment according to the distance.
Optionally, the obtaining, by the master device, a distance to a slave device includes:
the master device sequentially records the distances between the master device and each slave device from front to back in the list according to the sequence of the signal attenuation values from small to large; and
and when the number of the slave devices in the list reaches a preset value, deleting the address of the slave device with the maximum signal attenuation value and the distance between the master device and the slave device.
Optionally, the acquiring, by the master device, distances to the slave devices includes:
the master device obtains the distance from a certain slave device for multiple times;
and when the distances acquired for multiple times are different, the master device selects the minimum value and takes the minimum value as the distance between the master device and the certain slave device, and the distance is recorded in the list.
The invention provides a network device comprising a memory and a processor, the memory storing a program for execution by the processor to perform one or more steps of the asset management method of any of the above.
The invention provides a readable storage medium storing a program for execution by a processor to perform one or more steps of any of the asset management methods described above.
In the technical scheme of the invention, a master device sends an inquiry broadcast packet, the inquiry broadcast packet is not provided with a source address and a destination address, and the load of the inquiry broadcast packet can selectively contain the address of the master device, when the load of the inquiry broadcast packet does not contain the address of the master device, a slave device replies a feedback broadcast packet, the load of the feedback broadcast packet contains the address of the slave device, and when the load of the inquiry broadcast packet contains the address of the master device, the slave device can selectively reply a feedback broadcast packet, the load of the feedback broadcast packet contains the address of the slave device, or the slave device can reply a private packet, the private packet contains a source address and a destination address, the source address is the address of the slave device, and the destination address is the address of the master device.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow diagram of an asset management method according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a wireless network system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of three basic star networks of the wireless network system shown in fig. 2;
fig. 4 is a frame structure diagram of a wireless packet according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of data interaction between a master device and a slave device;
FIG. 6 is a block diagram of an asset management system according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 7 is a diagram of a prior art three-point positioning scenario;
FIG. 8 is a schematic flow chart of data interaction between a master device and a slave device;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a device address list of one embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 10 is a flowchart illustrating a method for obtaining a device address list according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a network device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is obvious that the embodiments described below are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without inventive step, based on the following individual embodiments, fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. The following embodiments and their technical features may be combined with each other without conflict.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart illustrating a wireless network establishing method according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to fig. 1, the method for establishing a wireless network may include the following steps S11 to S124.
S11: addresses are assigned to each of a plurality of master devices and slave devices constituting a wireless network, and the address assigned to each device is used for switching as a source address or a destination address.
Referring to fig. 2 and 3 together, a plurality of devices may be configured to form a wireless network, and for convenience of description, the devices are identified as a, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, L, K, N. It should be understood that the number of devices shown in fig. 2 is 11, which is merely an exemplary illustration, and other embodiments of the present invention may limit the wireless network to include other numbers of devices.
In each wireless network, different communication transmission services and role attributes of each device can be switched, and specifically, the same device can be used as a master device or a slave device. The master device is understood to be a slave device that performs communication transmission while taking a role of data allocation and management in one communication transmission service, and the slave device is correspondingly understood to be a slave device that performs communication transmission while taking a role of allocation and management in the present communication transmission service. The master devices are used to transmit wireless packets, and the slave devices are used as scanning devices for scanning wireless packets transmitted from the master devices. In the asset management system below in particular, the master device may be considered a managed asset, while the slave device may be considered a scanning device.
For example, in a certain communication transmission service, as shown in (a) of fig. 3, the device a is a master device, and the devices B, C, and D are all slave devices, while in other communication transmission services, as shown in (B) of fig. 3, the master device is the device H, and the device a and the other devices B, E, F, and G are all slave devices. In another communication transmission service, for example, in the asset management system shown in fig. 6, the slave devices are devices S1 to S6 indicated by rectangular boxes in the drawing, and the other devices 1 to 10 indicated by circular boxes in the drawing are all master devices.
Each device that forms a wireless network is assigned a unique address, which corresponds to an identity code. The addresses assigned to the same device may be different in different traffic transmission services. The address is used in the transmitted and received wireless packets (also called wireless data packets or wireless frames).
The master device and the slave device communicate in any combination of the following ways:
s121: the master device sends a private packet to the slave device and receives a response packet for data interaction, the response packet is provided with a destination address but not a source address, and the private packet is provided with the source address and the destination address.
S122: the master device sends a broadcast packet to the slave device, the slave device does not reply to the master device with a response packet for unidirectional data transmission, and the broadcast packet is not provided with a source address and a destination address.
S123: the master device sends the broadcast packet or the private packet embedded with the broadcast packet to the slave device for real-time location, wherein the broadcast packet is embedded in the payload of the private packet.
S124: the master device sends a private package embedded with a broadcast package to the slave device for real-time location and data interaction.
As shown in fig. 4 (a), a wireless packet with a basic format may include seven parts, which are a Preamble (Preamble), an Access code (Access Address), a Control code (Frame Control), a source Address, a destination Address, a payload (PDU (Protocol Data Unit), and a Cyclic Redundancy Check code (CRC).
The preamble is used to inform the receiver of receiving the wireless packet and to identify whether the wireless packet is a useful signal or an interfering signal, and is decoded if the wireless packet is useful information, and ignored if the wireless packet is an interfering signal, and it can also be used as a preliminary frequency and signal strength synchronization. The access code is used to authenticate each device in the wireless network to determine whether the device is associated with the wireless network. The control code is used to ensure the reliability of data transmission between devices. The source address is the address of the device sending the wireless packet, and correspondingly, the destination address is the address of the device receiving the wireless packet. The payload is the payload data portion of the wireless packet transmission. The cyclic redundancy check code is used for detecting or checking whether the load transmission is wrong.
The specific format of the wireless packet used for data transmission between the devices is obtained by converting the wireless packet according to the basic format. Please refer to fig. 4, specifically:
as shown in fig. 4 (b), the broadcast packet does not include a source address indicating the address of the master device and a destination address indicating the address of the slave device, and includes a preamble, an access code, a control code, a payload, and a cyclic redundancy check code. The broadcast packet can only be sent by the master device.
As shown in (c) of fig. 4, the format of the private packet is the same as the basic format, which includes a preamble, an access code, a control code, a source address, a destination address, a payload, a cyclic redundancy check code. The source address is an address assigned to the master device by the communication transport traffic, and the destination address is an address assigned to the slave device by the communication transport traffic. The private packet can only be sent by the master device.
As shown in (d) of fig. 4, the response packet is transmitted by the slave device after receiving the private packet of the master device, which contains data transmitted from the slave device to the master device. The response packet is not provided with a source address, but comprises a preamble, an access code, a control code, a destination address, a payload, a cyclic redundancy check code. The destination address is an address assigned to the master device by the communication transmission service.
As shown in (e) of fig. 4, a broadcast packet may be embedded in the private packet, the broadcast packet being embedded in a payload of the private packet, the private packet having an access code different from that of the broadcast packet.
In a wireless network, there are two basic communication transmission modes between devices, but in any mode, any two devices must select from the four types of wireless packets for communication transmission. This is explained in detail in the following examples of the present invention.
The first communication transmission mode between the devices is as follows: and the master equipment and the slave equipment perform data interaction through the broadcast packet. Taking (a) in fig. 3 as an example, the master a transmits a broadcast packet, and the slaves B, C, and D have the same access code as the master a, so that the slaves B, C, and D can receive the broadcast packet. However, after receiving the broadcast packet, the slave devices B, C, and D may not transmit a response radio packet, that is, the slave devices B, C, and D do not respond to the master device a.
The second communication transmission mode between the devices is as follows: and the master device and the slave device perform data interaction through the private packet (including the private packet embedded with the broadcast packet) and the response packet. As shown in fig. 5, the master device transmits a radio packet and waits for reception after transmission, and "i" indicates a time gap between two adjacent radio packets, that is, a time gap between a radio packet transmitted from a certain device and a radio packet received from the certain device. A wireless packet sent out by a master device is called a private packet, and the private packet contains the address of the master device (i.e., source address) and the address of a slave device (i.e., destination address). A wireless packet sent from a slave device is called an acknowledgement packet, which has no source address but a destination address (i.e., the address of the master device). The wireless packet for data exchange between the master device and the slave device includes an Acknowledgement (ACK) control. Compared with the first communication transmission mode, the communication transmission mode can be called a communication transmission mode supporting a private communication protocol or a private protocol.
With continued reference to fig. 5, a single traffic transmission service for the master and slave devices may allow the exchange of multiple wireless packets. After the equipment (whether the equipment is the master equipment or the slave equipment) receives each wireless packet, the cyclic redundancy check code in the wireless packet is obtained, redundancy check is carried out according to the cyclic redundancy check code, when the redundancy check in the wireless packet received by one party fails, the equipment exits the communication transmission, and the equipment and the other party stop the communication transmission.
In addition, when one party does not receive a valid access code for more than a preset time or the address is not correct, the equipment exits the communication transmission, and the equipment and the other party stop the communication transmission. Here, address mismatch indicates that: the slave device receives the private packet, and acquires an address in the private packet, any one of the addresses (source address and destination address) in the private packet being different from the setting of the slave device. At this point, the slave drops the private packet and continues to receive snoops.
Of course, when both parties do not have a wireless packet to exchange, both parties will exit the communication transmission.
Based on the foregoing, the devices in the embodiment of the present invention can perform bidirectional interaction of data without establishing a connection, which may be referred to as connectionless data exchange. In the same data exchange event, a plurality of wireless packets can be exchanged between the two devices, the data exchange is bidirectional and has response control, the same information does not need to be transmitted for multiple times, the throughput is favorably improved, and the spectrum pollution is favorably avoided.
Compared with the existing low-power-consumption Bluetooth technology in which connection must be established between devices, the embodiment of the invention saves the time required for establishing connection, has fast response time, and does not need to store parameters related to establishing connection in the memory of any device, so that a single master device can support more slave devices to perform data interaction. For example, the destination address and the source address support 16-bit addressing in a default state, so that one master device can support data interaction with 65535 slave devices, which is far higher than that in the prior art, one master device can only perform data interaction with 25 slave devices at most.
Based on the foregoing communication transmission mode of the wireless network, the following describes an application scenario of the wireless network capable of supporting the private communication protocol for asset management. Each managed asset supports the proprietary communication protocol device and acts as a master in the protocol, periodically or aperiodically transmitting proprietary packets or broadcast packets, and slaves in the proprietary protocol act as scanning devices that constantly scan for wireless packets (wireless signals) emitted by the master.
The meaning of the managed assets is very broad, for example in an attendance management system, the managed assets can be company employees; in a hospital patient management system, the managed assets may be patients; in a farm, the assets being managed may be cattle, pigs, sheep, etc.; in a warehouse, the managed assets may be goods, etc. Correspondingly, the meaning of asset management is also very broad, and may be the existence of the asset (such as warehousing records), the position movement of the asset, the status parameters of the asset (such as temperature, pressure, etc.), and the like.
Referring to fig. 6, circular icons 1 to 10 represent managed assets, which are installed with devices supporting a proprietary communication protocol and serve as the aforementioned master devices. Rectangular icons S1 to S6 represent scanning devices supporting a private protocol, and serve as the aforementioned slave devices. It should be understood that the number of master devices and slave devices shown in fig. 6 is merely an exemplary illustration, and that other embodiments of the present invention may limit the wireless network to include other numbers of devices, and at the same time, the slave devices may transmit the scanned data (via wired or wireless communication technology) to a higher level or level of central device (not shown) for subsequent processing operations. In a normal case, the slave device is mounted in a fixed position, for example the device used for positioning would be mounted in a fixed position; the master device may be mobile or may be mounted in a fixed position, depending on the particular scene.
In the asset management system based on the proprietary protocol, each master device may perform different configurations as needed, and specifically, the communication may be performed in the manner of steps S121 to S124 described above.
In the first embodiment, a private package is used for asset management:
the master device sends the private packet to the slave devices, and after receiving the private packet of one master device, one slave device sends a response packet to the master device, so that data interaction between the master device and the slave devices is completed.
The frequency of transmitting private packets by the master device may be changed in real time based on the data interaction function. Specifically, the response packet may include information indicating that the master device adjusts the transmission frequency of the private packet, and the master device adjusts the transmission frequency of the private packet according to the information in the response packet. For example, in a hospital patient temperature detection system, when the received temperature of a certain patient is abnormal, the transmission frequency of a private packet can be increased by a main device (including a real-time temperature measuring instrument for the patient) installed on the patient; when the body temperature of a certain patient is received to be normal, the main equipment installed on the patient can reduce the transmitting frequency of the private packet, thereby reducing the pollution to the wireless spectrum.
Alternatively, after confirming that the slave device receives the private packet of the master device, the master device may also actively stop transmitting the private packet for a period of time, so as to reduce pollution to the wireless spectrum. Specifically, after the master device receives the reply packet returned by the slave device, and at this time, the master device confirms that the slave device receives the private packet, the master device actively stops sending the private packet within a predetermined time period.
Compared with the bluetooth broadcast mode for asset management, if the scanning device in the bluetooth broadcast mode wants to change the broadcast frequency of the broadcasting device (the device sending the bluetooth beacon), a tedious connection process is required, the time is long, the efficiency is low, when the number of assets to be managed is huge, and the broadcast frequency of the broadcasting device can hardly be changed one by one through connection. In the embodiment, the private package is used for asset management, so that bidirectional exchange of data can be achieved, spectrum pollution is reduced, connection does not need to be established between the devices, time for establishing connection is saved, response time is short, and parameters related to connection establishment do not need to be stored in a memory of any device, so that a single master device can support more slave devices for data interaction, and a single slave device can support more master devices for data interaction, thereby facilitating a large number of asset management scenarios.
In the second embodiment, a broadcast packet is used for real-time positioning:
for an asset (managed asset, also called master device) that needs to be tracked in real time, if no other data is needed to interact with the slave device, the master device sends a broadcast packet. The multiple slave devices (also called scanning devices) may scan and monitor the broadcast packet sent by the master device, and send the time and the signal strength of the scanned and received broadcast packet to the central device, and the central device may perform multipoint positioning based on the time and calculate a movement trajectory according to the time, so as to implement movement positioning and tracking, where a specific calculation manner of the multipoint positioning and the movement trajectory may refer to the prior art.
And for a fixed master device, only real-time positioning is needed, a plurality of slave devices scan and monitor broadcast packets sent by the master device, the plurality of slave devices send time and signal strength of receiving the broadcast packets to the central device, and the central device is used for acquiring the real-time position of the master device accordingly.
In the third embodiment, a private package embedded with a broadcast package is adopted for simultaneous real-time positioning and data interaction:
for a master device that needs to be both tracked in real time and to follow the slave device for data interaction, the master device may send a private packet. In general, since the private packet contains the destination address of the private packet receiving device, only the corresponding unique slave device can receive and perform response control, and the private packet cannot be received by other slave devices which are not consistent with the destination address, in this case, the so-called positioning is only: the central equipment carries out single-point positioning according to the signal strength received by the corresponding slave equipment, and the positioning precision can only approximately know that the master equipment is near the circumference of a certain radius of the slave equipment. Real-time positioning and motion tracking based on multi-point positioning cannot be realized.
In this regard, the present embodiment can provide the following two implementation manners:
first, the master device also transmits a broadcast packet, and the transmission frequency of the broadcast packet and the transmission frequency of the private packet may be the same or different. The master device and the slave device realize data bidirectional interaction through the private packet and the response packet, and realize real-time positioning and mobile tracking through the broadcast packet.
Secondly, the master device may embed a broadcast packet in the private packet payload, as shown in fig. 4, and the access code, the control code, and the cyclic redundancy check code in the embedded broadcast packet may be different from those in the private packet. But the access codes of the two must be different. The entire broadcast packet is used as a part of the payload in the private packet, and the specific location of the payload is not limited in the embodiment of the present invention. The broadcast packet is embedded into the private packet, data interaction, real-time positioning and mobile tracking can be achieved at the same time, power consumption of the main device can be greatly reduced, for example, in the same time period, the main device does not need to wake up twice to respectively send the private packet and the broadcast packet for data interaction and positioning tracking, and therefore the service life of a battery can be prolonged. It should be understood that when a master device needs to send multiple private packets to a slave device, it is not necessary to embed a broadcast packet in each private packet, but one or a portion or all of the private packets may be selected to embed a broadcast packet, for example, a broadcast packet may be embedded in the private packet at the beginning of each event.
The embodiment of the invention further provides an asset management system, which is composed of a plurality of devices, and the devices can be divided into the master device and the slave device according to different roles.
The master device may send broadcast packets to all slave devices. When a slave device receives a broadcast packet, the slave device does not respond, i.e., does not send any response packet.
When the master device sends a private packet to a slave device, the source address in the private packet is the address of the master device, and the destination address is the address of the corresponding slave device. When the slave device receives a private packet, the source address of the private packet is analyzed, and a response packet corresponding to the source address is sent, wherein the destination address in the response packet is the address of the corresponding master device.
When a slave device receives a private packet in which any one of a source address and a destination address is different from the settings of the slave device, the slave device discards the wireless packet and continues to receive snoops.
In the asset management system according to the embodiment of the present invention, the communication transmission process between the master device and the slave device may refer to the foregoing description, and details are not described here. In addition, the devices do not need to establish connection, not only is response time fast, but also parameters related to connection do not need to be stored in a memory, and therefore more slave devices can be supported to carry out data interaction.
In the asset management system, when a master device adopts a private packet to perform data interaction with a slave device, one-to-one data communication is essential, and the master device needs to know the address of the slave device. As for the non-mobile master device, since the slave device is generally fixed, a list may be stored in advance in the master device according to the distance between the non-mobile master device and the slave device, and as shown in fig. 9, the list may list the address of the slave device and the signal strength attenuation value (or also called channel attenuation, signal attenuation value) according to the distance, where the distance is converted into the signal strength attenuation value, in other words, the distance is expressed as the signal attenuation value, and when two devices perform wireless communication, the closer the distance is, the smaller the signal attenuation value is, the greater the signal strength received by the master device is.
The master device preferentially interacts data with the slave device having the smallest signal attenuation value (i.e., the closest distance). Referring to fig. 8, a master device first attempts data interaction with a slave device closest to the master device in a list, when the master device fails to perform data interaction with the slave device for a first predetermined number of consecutive attempts N1, the master device attempts data interaction with a slave device closest to the master device in the list, when the master device fails to perform data interaction with a slave device next to the master device for a second predetermined number of consecutive attempts N2, the master device attempts data interaction with a slave device farthest from the master device in the list, and so on, when the master device fails to perform data interaction with all slave devices in the list for a predetermined number of consecutive attempts NM, it indicates that the master device fails to perform data exchange with all slave devices in the list, and then the master device performs acquisition of a slave device list. For the slave devices with different distances, the threshold values of the number of continuous attempts of the master device and the slave devices with different distances can be different, namely the values of N1 and N2 8230NM can be different.
For the mobile master device, in the embodiment of the present invention, a slave device list may be preset in the device, and data exchange is performed according to the method shown in fig. 8, and when the master device and all slave devices cannot successfully exchange data, the master device acquires the slave device list. Of course, the master device may not preset the slave device list, and start to acquire the slave device list.
Fig. 10 is a flowchart illustrating a method for obtaining a device address list according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to fig. 10, the method for obtaining the device address list may include the following steps S31 to S34.
S31: the master device and the slave device which constitute the wireless network are respectively allocated with addresses, and the address allocated to each device is used for switching as a source address or a destination address.
S32: the master device sends a query broadcast packet for acquiring a device address list, wherein the query broadcast packet is not provided with a source address and a destination address, and the load of the query broadcast packet can selectively contain the address of the master device.
S33: the method comprises the steps that a master device receives feedback broadcast packets or private packets replied by a plurality of slave devices, wherein when the load of an inquiry broadcast packet does not contain the address of the master device, the master device receives the feedback broadcast packets replied by the plurality of slave devices, and the load of the feedback broadcast packets contains the address of the slave devices; when the load of the inquiry broadcast packet contains the address of the master device, the master device receives a private packet or a feedback broadcast packet selectively replied by a plurality of slave devices, wherein the private packet contains a source address and a destination address, the source address of the private packet is the address of the slave device, the destination address of the private packet is the address of the master device, and the load of the feedback broadcast packet contains the address of the slave device.
S34: the master device records the addresses of several slave devices in a list.
The query broadcast packet and the feedback broadcast packet are substantially broadcast packets, and the frame formats of the query broadcast packet and the feedback broadcast packet can be referred to the description of the embodiment shown in fig. 4, which is not described herein again. The query broadcast packet may be regarded as a broadcast packet sent by the master device to obtain the device address list, and correspondingly, the feedback broadcast packet may be regarded as a broadcast packet including the slave device address responded by the slave device.
The master device sends out a query broadcast packet, the payload of which indicates that it needs to obtain a list of slave devices, which may or may not contain the address of the master device, and when the master device sends out the query broadcast packet, it switches roles and enters a receive state. When a slave device receives the query broadcast, it switches roles and may send a feedback broadcast packet or private packet to tell the master device (seeking the slave list) the address of the slave device.
When the load of the inquiry broadcast packet does not contain the address of the master device, the address of the slave device is carried in the load of the feedback broadcast packet; when the load of the inquiry broadcast packet contains the address of the master device, the slave device selectively replies a private packet or a feedback broadcast packet, wherein the private packet contains a source address and a destination address, the source address is the address of the slave device, the destination address is the address of the master device, and the load of the feedback broadcast packet contains the address of the slave device.
Here, the master device can acquire and update the addresses of the slave devices according to the received feedback broadcast packet or private packet, and thus form a slave device address list.
When a master device sends out a query broadcast packet, two or more slave devices may receive the query broadcast packet and may send out respective feedback broadcast packets at approximately the same time, which may cause wireless packets to collide or collide over the air. To solve this problem, in the embodiment of the present invention, after a slave device receives a query broadcast packet, a random backoff (random backoff) mechanism is used to transmit a feedback broadcast packet or a private packet according to the wireless signal strength of the received query broadcast packet. The so-called random backoff mechanism can be understood as follows: the time for waiting for response after the master equipment sends the inquiry broadcast packet is divided into a plurality of time slots, and the slave equipment sends a response wireless packet after randomly avoiding the time slots with different lengths, so that collision is avoided, and communication transmission with the master equipment is completed.
The minimum step distance of the random backoff mechanism is greater than or equal to the duration occupied by the feedback broadcast packet and is also greater than or equal to the sum of the durations occupied by the private packet and the response packet thereof. In addition, the stronger the signal strength of the feedback broadcast packet or the private packet is, the smaller the number of random backoff steps is, taking two slave devices as an example, the strength of the query broadcast signal received by one slave device is-30 dBm, and the strength of the query broadcast signal received by the other slave device is-80 dBm, then the range of the random backoff steps of the former may be 0 to 6 steps, and the range of the random backoff steps of the latter may be 5 to 8 steps.
After the master device sends out the inquiry broadcast packet, if the feedback broadcast packet or the private packet is not received within the predetermined time, the master device may send the inquiry broadcast packet again until the master device obtains the feedback broadcast packet or the private packet replied by at least one slave device.
Alternatively, after receiving a predetermined number of feedback broadcast packets or private packets replied from the slave device, the master device stops transmitting the inquiry broadcast packet for acquiring the device address list.
Or, if the feedback broadcast packet or the private packet replied by at least one slave device is received within the preset time, the master device stops sending the inquiry broadcast packet for acquiring the device address list.
Typically, for example, in some asset management systems, slave devices are typically mounted in fixed locations, and a slave device may know the addresses of other slave devices in its vicinity and the distance between them. Based on this, the feedback broadcast packet or private packet sent by a certain slave device may selectively contain the addresses of other slave devices in the vicinity of the slave device and the distances from the slave device, so that the master device obtains the distance between the master device and any one of the other slave devices according to the distances, which may speed up the obtaining of the slave device addresses (such obtaining of the slave device addresses is called indirect obtaining). Wherein the distance between two slave devices can be expressed as a signal attenuation value.
For example, a slave device with an address a sends a private packet to a master device, the strength of the private packet received by the master device is-40 dBm, and assuming that the transmission power of the slave device a is 0dBm, the distance between the master device and the slave device a is 40dBm, i.e., (0- (-40) = 40) dBm, which is expressed by a signal attenuation value, and the acquisition of the address a is called direct acquisition. Meanwhile, assume that the private packet sent by the slave a contains the distance between the other slave and the slave a: the distances from slave device a to slave devices B and C are 45dBm and 50dBm, respectively, and then the distance from the master device to slave device B is 85dBm, i.e., (40 + 45) =85dBm, and the distance from the slave device C is 90dBm, i.e., (40 + 50) =90dBm. Here, the fetching of addresses B and C is indirect fetching.
The master device records the distances between the master device and each slave device in the list from front to back according to the sequence of the signal attenuation values from small to large. When the number of the slave devices in the list reaches a preset value, the address of the slave device with the largest signal attenuation value and the distance between the master device and the slave device are deleted, namely, the slave device farthest from the master device is deleted from the list.
In the process of acquiring the address of the device, when the distance of the master device for acquiring a certain slave device is not the same for multiple times, if the distance is directly acquired, the directly acquired distance is added into the list, and if the distances are indirectly acquired, the master device selects the minimum value and takes the minimum value as the distance between the master device and the certain slave device when the distances acquired for multiple times are different, and records the distance in the list. For example, when the device address list is obtained, the master device directly receives the signals of the slave devices B twice, the corresponding channel attenuation values are 40dBm and 42dBm, respectively, and by indirectly obtaining the channel attenuation values between the slave devices B are 35dBm and 45dBm, respectively, the master device will represent 40dBm as the distance between the two. Whereas when both are indirectly acquired, for example 35dBm and 45dBm respectively, 35dBm is used to indicate the distance between the two.
In the asset management system with multipoint positioning, after a certain master device sends out a query broadcast packet, the central device can position the master device and inform the slave devices to directly tell the master device the addresses and distances of some slave devices which are closer to the master device through a feedback broadcast packet or a private packet, so that the master device obtains the device addresses and forms the device address list.
For the mobile master device, the distance between the mobile master device and each slave device can be dynamically changed, and after a master device successfully interacts data with one of the slave devices, the master device can dynamically adjust the position of the slave device in the list according to the signal strength of a received wireless packet sent by the slave device and the acquisition mode of the device address list.
For example, referring to fig. 9, assuming that a list is originally in the master device as shown in (a) of fig. 9, at a certain point in time, the master device and the slave device with address a have continuously tried N1 times of data interaction, but have not succeeded once. Then, it tries data interaction with the slave device with address B and successfully interacts data with the slave device B, and the signal strength of the response packet received by the slave device B is-40 dBm, and if the transmission power of the slave device B is 0dBm, the distance between the master device and the slave device B is 40dBm represented by a signal attenuation value. Meanwhile, if the response packet sent by the slave B tells the master: if the distances between the slave device B and the slave devices E and F are 45dBm and 50dBm, respectively, the distance between the master device and the slave device E is 85dBm, and the distance between the slave device F and the slave device E is 90dBm. Here, slave devices a and D are deleted from the list, and slave devices E and F are added, resulting in an updated list shown in (b) in fig. 9.
Based on the list, the master device of the embodiment of the present invention may perform data communication with the slave device, thereby performing the asset management method of any of the foregoing embodiments.
Fig. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a network device according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to fig. 11, the network device 70 is the aforementioned device, and may be a master device or a slave device. The network device 70 comprises a processor 71 and a memory 72, the processor 71 and the memory 72 being connected by a communication bus 73 for data or signal transmission.
The processor 71 is a control center of the network device 70, connects various parts of the entire network device 70 by using various interfaces and lines, performs various functions of the network device 70 and processes data by running or loading a program stored in the memory 72, and calling data stored in the memory 72, thereby performing overall monitoring of the network device 70.
The processor 71 loads instructions corresponding to processes of one or more programs into the memory 72 according to the following steps, and the processor 71 runs the programs stored in the memory 72, thereby implementing one or more of the following functions:
allocating addresses to a master device and a slave device which form a wireless network respectively, wherein the address allocated to each device is used for being switched to be used as a source address or a destination address;
the method comprises the steps that a main device sends an inquiry broadcast packet used for obtaining a device address list, wherein the inquiry broadcast packet is not provided with a source address and a destination address, and the load of the inquiry broadcast packet can selectively contain the address of the main device;
the method comprises the steps that a master device receives feedback broadcast packets or private packets replied by a plurality of slave devices, wherein when the load of a query broadcast packet does not contain the address of the master device, the master device receives the feedback broadcast packets replied by the plurality of slave devices, and the load of the feedback broadcast packets contains the address of the slave devices; when the load of the inquiry broadcast packet contains the address of the master device, the master device receives private packets or feedback broadcast packets selectively replied by a plurality of slave devices, wherein the private packets contain source addresses and destination addresses, the source addresses of the private packets are the addresses of the slave devices, the destination addresses of the slave devices are the addresses of the master devices, and the load of the feedback broadcast packet contains the addresses of the slave devices; and
the master device records the addresses of the several slave devices in a list.
For the communication transmission mode between the devices, the specific content of the steps executed by the processor 71 calling the program may refer to the foregoing embodiments, and is not described in detail here.
It should be understood that, when implemented in an actual application scenario, the execution bodies of the above steps may not be the processor 71 and the memory 72, but may be implemented by other modules and units respectively, according to the device type of the network device 70.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that all or part of the steps in the methods of the above embodiments may be performed by instructions or by related hardware controlled by the instructions, which may be stored in a readable storage medium and loaded and executed by a processor. To this end, the present invention provides a readable storage medium, where a plurality of instructions are stored, where the instructions can be loaded by a processor to execute one or more steps of any one of the method for obtaining a device address list provided by the present invention.
The readable storage medium may include a Read Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a magnetic or optical disk, and the like.
Since the instructions stored in the readable storage medium may execute the steps in any method for acquiring a device address list provided in the embodiment of the present invention, beneficial effects that can be achieved by any method for acquiring a device address list provided in the embodiment of the present invention may be achieved, which are detailed in the foregoing embodiments and will not be described herein again.
Although the invention has been shown and described with respect to one or more implementations, equivalent alterations and modifications will occur to others skilled in the art based upon a reading and understanding of this specification and the annexed drawings. The present invention includes all such modifications and variations, and is supported by the technical solutions of the foregoing embodiments. In particular regard to the various functions performed by the above described components, the terms used to describe such components are intended to correspond, unless otherwise indicated, to any component which performs the specified function of the described component (e.g., that is functionally equivalent), even though not structurally equivalent to the disclosed structure which performs the function in the herein illustrated exemplary implementations of the specification.
That is, the above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent structural changes made by using the contents of the specification and the drawings, such as the combination of technical features between the embodiments, or the direct or indirect application to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
In addition, in the description of the foregoing embodiments, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implying any number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more features. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.
Further, although the respective steps in the flowcharts of the above-described embodiments are sequentially displayed as indicated by arrows, the steps are not necessarily performed sequentially in the order indicated by the arrows. The steps are not performed in a strict order unless explicitly stated herein, but may be performed in other orders. Moreover, at least some of the steps in the figures may include multiple sub-steps or multiple stages that are not necessarily performed at the same time, but may be performed at different times, in different orders, and may be performed in turn or alternating with at least some of the other steps or sub-steps of the other steps.
Claims (9)
1. A method for obtaining a device address list is characterized by comprising the following steps:
allocating addresses to a master device and a slave device which form a wireless network respectively, wherein the address allocated to each device is used for being switched to be used as a source address or a destination address; the master device and the slave device communicate in any combination mode, including: the master device sends a private packet to the slave device and receives a response packet for data interaction, wherein the response packet is provided with a destination address but not a source address, and the private packet is provided with the source address and the destination address; the method comprises the steps that a master device sends a broadcast packet to a slave device, the slave device does not reply a response packet to the master device, unidirectional data transmission is carried out, and the broadcast packet is not provided with a source address and a destination address; the device sends a broadcast packet or a private packet embedded with the broadcast packet to the slave device for real-time localization, wherein the broadcast packet is embedded in a payload of the private packet; the master device sends a private packet embedded with a broadcast packet to the slave device for real-time positioning and data interaction;
the method comprises the steps that a main device sends an inquiry broadcast packet used for obtaining a device address list, wherein the inquiry broadcast packet is not provided with a source address and a destination address, and the load of the inquiry broadcast packet can selectively contain the address of the main device;
the method comprises the steps that a master device receives feedback broadcast packets or private packets replied by a plurality of slave devices, wherein when the load of a query broadcast packet does not contain the address of the master device, the master device receives the feedback broadcast packets replied by the plurality of slave devices, and the load of the feedback broadcast packets contains the address of the slave devices; when the load of the inquiry broadcast packet contains the address of the master device, the master device receives a private packet or a feedback broadcast packet selectively replied by a plurality of slave devices, wherein the private packet contains a source address and a destination address, the source address of the private packet is the address of the slave device, the destination address is the address of the master device, and the load of the feedback broadcast packet contains the address of the slave device; the positions of the slave devices are fixed, and any slave device can know the addresses of other slave devices and the distance between the slave devices, wherein the distance is expressed as a signal attenuation value;
the master device obtains the distance and the signal attenuation value between the master device and each slave device, records the addresses of the slave devices in a list form, and dynamically adjusts the positions of the slave devices in the list.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the number of the slave devices is two or more, and the slave devices transmit the feedback broadcast packet or the private packet by using a random backoff mechanism, wherein a minimum step distance of the random backoff mechanism is greater than or equal to a duration occupied by the feedback broadcast packet and is also greater than or equal to a sum of the durations occupied by the private packet and the response packet thereof.
3. The apparatus address list acquisition method according to claim 2, wherein the stronger the signal strength of the feedback broadcast packet or the private packet, the smaller the number of random backoff steps.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the receiving, by the master device, the feedback broadcast packet or the private packet replied by the plurality of slave devices includes:
if the feedback broadcast packet or the private packet is not received within the preset time, the master device sends the inquiry broadcast packet again until the feedback broadcast packet or the private packet replied by at least one slave device is obtained;
or after receiving feedback broadcast packets or private packets replied by a predetermined number of slave devices, the master device stops sending inquiry broadcast packets for acquiring the device address list;
or if a feedback broadcast packet or a private packet replied by at least one slave device is received within a preset time, the master device stops sending a query broadcast packet for acquiring the device address list.
5. The device address list acquisition method according to claim 1, wherein the feedback broadcast packet or the private packet includes a distance between the slave device and any other slave device,
the method for acquiring the distance between the master device and each slave device comprises the following steps:
and the master equipment acquires the distance between the master equipment and any other slave equipment according to the distance.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of acquiring, by the master device, the distance to the slave device includes:
the master device sequentially records the distances between the master device and each slave device from front to back in the list according to the sequence of the signal attenuation values from small to large; and
and when the number of the slave devices in the list reaches a preset value, deleting the address of the slave device with the largest signal attenuation value and the distance between the master device and the slave device.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of acquiring, by the master device, the distance to each slave device includes:
the master device acquires the distance from a certain slave device for multiple times;
and when the distances acquired for multiple times are different, the master device selects the minimum value and takes the minimum value as the distance between the master device and the certain slave device, and the distance is recorded in the list.
8. A network device comprising a memory and a processor, the memory storing a program for execution by the processor to perform one or more steps of the device address list acquisition method of any one of claims 1 to 7.
9. A readable storage medium, characterized in that the readable storage medium stores a program for being executed by a processor to perform one or more steps of the method for acquiring the device address list according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
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