CN111835342A - Millimeter wave radar signal generator - Google Patents
Millimeter wave radar signal generator Download PDFInfo
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- CN111835342A CN111835342A CN202010721663.8A CN202010721663A CN111835342A CN 111835342 A CN111835342 A CN 111835342A CN 202010721663 A CN202010721663 A CN 202010721663A CN 111835342 A CN111835342 A CN 111835342A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a millimeter wave radar signal generator. The signal generator includes: the double-loop phase-locked frequency synthesis circuit comprises a double-loop phase-locked frequency synthesis circuit, a power calibration circuit and a control module; the double-loop phase-locked frequency synthesis circuit outputs millimeter waves subjected to frequency reduction and phase locking according to the mixing signal and the frequency control signal sent by the control module; the frequency mixing signal is a signal obtained by mixing the output signals of two phase-locked loop circuits in the double-loop phase-locked frequency synthesis circuit, namely, a phase discrimination signal in the phase-locked loop is converted from a millimeter wave signal into an intermediate frequency signal, so that the problem that the frequency can not be accurately output due to the fact that the millimeter wave is easy to lose lock due to high frequency of the millimeter wave is solved; and the power calibration circuit receives the power calibration signal sent by the control module, performs power calibration on the millimeter waves subjected to frequency reduction phase locking according to the power calibration signal, adjusts the same power in the bandwidth of the millimeter waves subjected to frequency reduction phase locking, and solves the problem that the millimeter wave cannot stably work for a long time due to power fluctuation of the bandwidth of the millimeter wave band.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of radar signal generators, in particular to a millimeter wave radar signal generator.
Background
The millimeter wave radar signal generator has high working frequency and wide bandwidth, and has higher technical difficulty compared with a microwave signal source, and the problems of low output frequency resolution, poor phase noise and easy frequency unlocking under the broadband condition exist. And the current existing millimeter wave radar signal generator does not have a frequency measurement function, cannot track the power fluctuation of the millimeter wave radar seeker, and cannot stably work for a long time.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a millimeter wave radar signal generator, which solves the problems that the millimeter wave radar signal generator cannot work stably for a long time due to power fluctuation, and the frequency is easy to lose lock and cannot realize frequency accurate output.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
a millimeter-wave radar signal generator comprising:
the double-loop phase-locked frequency synthesis circuit comprises a double-loop phase-locked frequency synthesis circuit, a power calibration circuit and a control module;
the double-loop phase-locked frequency synthesis circuit is connected with the control module and is used for receiving the frequency control signal sent by the control module and outputting millimeter waves subjected to frequency reduction and phase locking according to the frequency control signal and the mixing signal; the frequency mixing signal is obtained by mixing the output signals of two phase-locked loop circuits in the double-loop phase-locked frequency synthesis circuit; the output signal of one phase-locked loop circuit is a millimeter wave signal, the frequency of the output signal of the other phase-locked loop circuit is smaller than the frequency of the millimeter wave signal, and the frequency of the mixing signal is smaller than the frequency of the millimeter wave signal and larger than the frequency of the output signal of the other phase-locked loop circuit;
the power calibration circuit is respectively connected with the double-loop phase-locked frequency synthesis circuit and the control module, and is used for receiving a power calibration signal sent by the control module, performing power calibration on the millimeter waves subjected to frequency reduction and phase locking according to the power calibration signal, and adjusting the internal power of the millimeter wave bandwidth subjected to frequency reduction and phase locking to be the same.
Optionally, the millimeter wave radar signal generator further includes:
a frequency measurement circuit;
the frequency measurement circuit is respectively connected with the double-loop phase-locked frequency synthesis circuit and the control module; the frequency measurement circuit is used for determining a frequency measurement signal after acquiring a radar signal, and the control module is used for calculating the frequency of the radar signal according to the frequency measurement signal, determining a frequency control signal according to the frequency of the radar signal, and sending the frequency control signal to the double-loop phase-locked frequency synthesis circuit.
Optionally, the millimeter wave radar signal generator further includes:
a waveform modulation output circuit;
the waveform modulation output circuit is respectively connected with the power calibration circuit and the control module, and is used for receiving the modulation signal parameters sent by the control module, carrying out waveform modulation according to the modulation signal parameters and outputting modulated millimeter wave signals.
Optionally, the double-loop phase-locked frequency synthesis circuit specifically includes:
a fine-tuning phase-locked loop circuit and a coarse-tuning phase-locked loop circuit;
the coarse tuning phase-locked loop circuit is connected with the control module; the coarse tuning phase-locked loop circuit is used for receiving a preset frequency control signal sent by the control module and carrying out phase locking according to the preset frequency control signal and an output signal of the coarse tuning phase-locked loop circuit; the preset frequency of the preset frequency control signal is 4 GHz;
the fine adjustment phase-locked loop circuit is respectively connected with the coarse adjustment phase-locked loop circuit and the control module; the fine phase-locked loop circuit is used for receiving the millimeter wave frequency control signal sent by the control module, performing phase locking according to the millimeter wave frequency control signal and the mixed signal of the output signal of the fine phase-locked loop circuit and the output signal of the coarse phase-locked loop circuit, and outputting millimeter waves subjected to frequency reduction phase locking.
Alternatively to this, the first and second parts may,
the fine tuning phase-locked loop circuit specifically comprises:
the first phase detector, the first loop filter, the first voltage-controlled oscillator, the first directional coupler and the first harmonic mixer;
a first input end of the first phase detector is connected with the control module, an output end of the first phase detector is connected with an input end of the first loop filter, an output end of the first loop filter is connected with an input end of the first voltage-controlled oscillator, an output end of the first voltage-controlled oscillator is connected with an input end of the first directional coupler, a first output end of the first directional coupler is connected with an input end of the power calibration circuit, a second output end of the first directional coupler is connected with a first input end of the first harmonic mixer, and an output end of the first harmonic mixer is connected with a second input end of the first phase detector;
the coarse tuning phase-locked loop circuit specifically comprises:
the second phase detector, the second loop filter, the second voltage-controlled oscillator and the second directional coupler;
a first input end of the second phase detector is connected with the control module, an output end of the second phase detector is connected with an input end of the second loop filter, an output end of the second loop filter is connected with an input end of the second voltage-controlled oscillator, an output end of the second voltage-controlled oscillator is connected with an input end of the second directional coupler, a first output end of the second directional coupler is connected with a second input end of the first harmonic mixer, and a second output end of the second directional coupler is connected with a second input end of the second phase detector;
the first harmonic mixer is used for mixing an output signal of the first directional coupler and an output signal of the second directional coupler; the output signal of the first directional coupler is millimeter wave, and the output signal of the second directional coupler is 4GHz electromagnetic wave.
Optionally, the frequency measurement circuit specifically includes:
the device comprises a first amplifier, a second harmonic mixer and a frequency measurement module;
radar signals are input into the first amplifier for signal amplification, the first amplifier is connected with a first input end of the second harmonic mixer, a second input end of the second harmonic mixer is connected with a third output end of the second directional coupler, and the frequency measurement module is respectively connected with an output end of the second harmonic mixer and the control module; the second harmonic mixer is used for mixing the amplified radar signal with the output signal of the second directional coupler and transmitting the mixed signal to the frequency measurement module; the frequency measurement module is used for determining a frequency measurement signal.
Optionally, the frequency measurement module specifically includes:
a timing module and a counting module;
the input end of the timing module and the input end of the counting module are both connected with the output end of the second harmonic mixer, and the output end of the timing module and the output end of the counting module are both connected with the control module; the control module is used for determining the frequency of the radar signal according to the total timing time output by the timing module and the number of the radar carrier frequencies within the total timing time output by the counting module.
Optionally, the power calibration circuit specifically includes:
the power calibration circuit comprises a PIN attenuator, a power calibration circuit amplifier, a third directional coupler, a crystal detector and a level control module;
the input end of the PIN attenuator is connected with the first output end of the first directional coupler, the output end of the PIN attenuator is connected with the input end of the power calibration circuit amplifier, the output end of the power calibration circuit amplifier is connected with the input end of the third directional coupler, the first output end of the third directional coupler is connected with the input end of the crystal detector, the second output end of the third directional coupler is connected with the waveform modulation output circuit, the output end of the crystal detector is connected with the input end of the level control module, the data transmission end of the level control module is connected with the control module, and the control end of the level control module is connected with the feedback end of the PIN attenuator;
the level control module is used for converting the power detection level transmitted by the crystal detector into a power value and transmitting the power value to the control module; the control module is used for determining a power calibration signal according to the power value and transmitting the power calibration signal to the PIN attenuator through the level control module, and the PIN attenuator adjusts an attenuation value according to the power calibration signal so that the power of the millimeter wave signal input to the third directional coupler is a preset standard value.
Optionally, the waveform modulation output circuit specifically includes:
the waveform modulator and the waveform modulation output circuit attenuator;
the input end of the waveform modulator is connected with the second output end of the third directional coupler, and the output end of the waveform modulator is connected with the input end of the waveform modulation output circuit attenuator; the waveform modulator is used for providing a synchronous pulse signal and a modulation signal.
Optionally, the double-loop phase-locked frequency synthesis circuit further includes:
a first frequency control circuit and a second frequency control circuit;
the input end of the first frequency control circuit is connected with the control module, and the output end of the first frequency control circuit is connected with the first input end of the first phase detector; the first frequency control circuit is used for converting the parallel millimeter wave frequency control signal sent by the control module into a serial millimeter wave frequency control signal and then transmitting the serial millimeter wave frequency control signal to the first phase detector;
the input end of the second frequency control circuit is connected with the control module, and the output end of the second frequency control circuit is connected with the first input end of the second phase discriminator; the second frequency control circuit is used for converting the parallel preset frequency control signal sent by the control module into a serial preset frequency control signal and then transmitting the serial preset frequency control signal to the second phase discriminator.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a millimeter wave radar signal generator, which comprises a double-loop phase-locked frequency synthesis circuit, a power calibration circuit and a control module; the double-loop phase-locked frequency synthesis circuit outputs millimeter waves subjected to frequency reduction and phase locking according to the mixing signal and the frequency control signal sent by the control module; the frequency mixing signal is a signal obtained by mixing the output signals of two phase-locked loop circuits in the double-loop phase-locked frequency synthesis circuit, namely, a phase discrimination signal in the phase-locked loop is converted from a millimeter wave signal into an intermediate frequency signal, so that the problem that the frequency can not be accurately output due to the fact that the millimeter wave is easy to lose lock due to high frequency of the millimeter wave is solved; and the power calibration circuit receives the power calibration signal sent by the control module, performs power calibration on the millimeter waves subjected to frequency reduction phase locking according to the power calibration signal, adjusts the same power in the bandwidth of the millimeter waves subjected to frequency reduction phase locking, and solves the problem that the millimeter wave cannot stably work for a long time due to power fluctuation of the bandwidth of the millimeter wave band.
Meanwhile, the millimeter wave radar signal generator further comprises a frequency measurement circuit, the frequency measurement circuit measures the frequency of the radar signal after acquiring the radar signal, the control module determines a frequency control signal according to the measured frequency of the radar signal and sends the frequency control signal to the double-loop phase-locked frequency synthesis circuit, so that the millimeter wave radar signal generator can have a frequency measurement function, the frequency measurement precision of the transmitting frequency of the millimeter wave radar meets the requirement of tracking the transmitting frequency of the radar, and the automatic tracking of the frequency of the guide head of the millimeter wave radar can be realized.
In addition, the millimeter wave radar signal generator of the invention also comprises a waveform modulation output circuit; the waveform modulation output circuit receives the modulation signal parameters sent by the control module, performs waveform modulation according to the modulation signal parameters, outputs modulated millimeter wave signals, can respectively control the power of a plurality of signals, and realizes the output of multiple targets and multiple interference signals in one high-frequency channel.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is a general block diagram of a millimeter wave radar signal generator according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a dual-loop PLL frequency synthesizer according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a digital PLL frequency synthesizer circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a frequency measurement circuit of the digitizer circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic circuit block diagram of time window formation in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a waveform illustrating the formation of a time window according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a waveform modulator according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a general block diagram of software in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a front panel of a millimeter wave multi-target radar signal generator according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a rear panel of a millimeter wave multi-target radar signal generator according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 11 is a schematic size diagram of a chassis according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention aims to provide a millimeter wave radar signal generator, which solves the problems that the millimeter wave radar signal generator cannot work stably for a long time due to power fluctuation, and the frequency is easy to lose lock and cannot realize frequency accurate output.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
Examples
Fig. 1 is a general block diagram of a millimeter wave radar signal generator according to an embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a dual-loop phase-locked frequency synthesizer according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1-2, a millimeter wave radar signal generator includes: the double-loop phase-locked frequency synthesis circuit comprises a double-loop phase-locked frequency synthesis circuit, a power calibration circuit, a control module, a frequency measurement circuit and a waveform modulation output circuit. The double-loop phase-locked frequency synthesis circuit can generate millimeter wave signals, the frequency measurement circuit can quickly measure the frequency of signals transmitted by the millimeter wave seeker in real time, and the waveform modulation output circuit mainly has the function of providing timing reference for the whole system, namely providing synchronous pulses; at the same time, a modulation signal is provided for waveform formation of the output signal.
The double-loop phase-locked frequency synthesis circuit is connected with the control module and is used for receiving the frequency control signal sent by the control module and outputting the millimeter waves subjected to frequency reduction and phase locking according to the frequency control signal and the mixing signal; the frequency mixing signal is a signal obtained by mixing output signals of two phase-locked loop circuits in the double-loop phase-locked frequency synthesis circuit; the output signal of one phase-locked loop circuit is a millimeter wave signal, the frequency of the output signal of the other phase-locked loop circuit is smaller than that of the millimeter wave signal, and the frequency of the mixing signal is smaller than that of the millimeter wave signal and larger than that of the output signal of the other phase-locked loop circuit;
the power calibration circuit is respectively connected with the double-loop phase-locked frequency synthesis circuit and the control module, and is used for receiving a power calibration signal sent by the control module, performing power calibration on the millimeter waves subjected to frequency reduction phase locking according to the power calibration signal, and adjusting the power in the bandwidth of the millimeter waves subjected to frequency reduction phase locking to be the same.
The frequency measurement circuit is respectively connected with the double-loop phase-locked frequency synthesis circuit and the control module; the frequency measurement circuit is used for determining a frequency measurement signal after acquiring the radar signal, and the control module is used for calculating the frequency of the radar signal according to the frequency measurement signal, determining a frequency control signal according to the frequency of the radar signal and sending the frequency control signal to the double-loop phase-locked frequency synthesis circuit.
The double-loop phase-locked frequency synthesis circuit specifically comprises: a fine-tuning phase-locked loop circuit and a coarse-tuning phase-locked loop circuit. The coarse tuning phase-locked loop circuit is connected with the control module; the coarse tuning phase-locked loop circuit is used for receiving a preset frequency control signal sent by the control module and carrying out phase locking according to the preset frequency control signal and an output signal of the coarse tuning phase-locked loop circuit; the preset frequency of the preset frequency control signal is 4 GHz. The fine adjustment phase-locked loop circuit is respectively connected with the coarse adjustment phase-locked loop circuit and the control module; the fine-tuning phase-locked loop circuit is used for receiving the millimeter wave frequency control signal sent by the control module, performing phase locking according to the millimeter wave frequency control signal, the output signal of the fine-tuning phase-locked loop circuit and the mixing signal of the output signal of the coarse-tuning phase-locked loop circuit, and outputting millimeter waves subjected to frequency reduction phase locking.
The fine tuning phase-locked loop circuit specifically comprises: the first phase detector, the first loop filter, the first voltage-controlled oscillator, the first directional coupler and the first harmonic mixer. The first input end of the first phase detector is connected with the control module, the output end of the first phase detector is connected with the input end of the first loop filter, the output end of the first loop filter is connected with the input end of the first voltage-controlled oscillator, the output end of the first voltage-controlled oscillator is connected with the input end of the first directional coupler, the first output end of the first directional coupler is connected with the input end of the power calibration circuit, the second output end of the first directional coupler is connected with the first input end of the first harmonic mixer, and the output end of the first harmonic mixer is connected with the second input end of the first phase detector;
the coarse tuning phase-locked loop circuit specifically comprises: the second phase detector, the second loop filter, the second voltage-controlled oscillator and the second directional coupler. The first input end of the second phase discriminator is connected with the control module, the output end of the second phase discriminator is connected with the input end of the second loop filter, the output end of the second loop filter is connected with the input end of the second voltage-controlled oscillator, the output end of the second voltage-controlled oscillator is connected with the input end of the second directional coupler, the first output end of the second directional coupler is connected with the second input end of the first harmonic mixer, and the second output end of the second directional coupler is connected with the second input end of the second phase discriminator;
the first harmonic mixer is used for mixing the output signal of the first directional coupler and the output signal of the second directional coupler; the output signal of the first directional coupler is millimeter wave, and the output signal of the second directional coupler is 4GHz electromagnetic wave.
The double-loop phase-locked frequency synthesis circuit further comprises: a first frequency control circuit and a second frequency control circuit. The input end of the first frequency control circuit is connected with the control module, and the output end of the first frequency control circuit is connected with the first input end of the first phase detector; the first frequency control circuit is used for converting the parallel millimeter wave frequency control signal sent by the control module into a serial millimeter wave frequency control signal and then transmitting the serial millimeter wave frequency control signal to the first phase detector. The input end of the second frequency control circuit is connected with the control module, and the output end of the second frequency control circuit is connected with the first input end of the second phase discriminator; the second frequency control circuit is used for converting the parallel preset frequency control signal sent by the control module into a serial preset frequency control signal and then transmitting the serial preset frequency control signal to the second phase discriminator.
The frequency measurement circuit specifically comprises: the device comprises a first amplifier, a second harmonic mixer and a frequency measurement module. Radar signals are input into a first amplifier for signal amplification, the first amplifier is connected with a first input end of a second harmonic mixer, a second input end of the second harmonic mixer is connected with a third output end of a second directional coupler, and a frequency measurement module is respectively connected with an output end of the second harmonic mixer and a control module; the second harmonic mixer is used for mixing the amplified radar signal with an output signal of the second directional coupler and transmitting the mixed signal to the frequency measurement module; the frequency measurement module is used for determining a frequency measurement signal.
The frequency measurement module specifically comprises: timing module and count module. The input end of the timing module and the input end of the counting module are both connected with the output end of the second harmonic mixer, and the output end of the timing module and the output end of the counting module are both connected with the control module; the control module is used for determining the frequency of the radar signal according to the total timing time output by the timing module and the number of the radar carrier frequencies within the total timing time output by the counting module.
The power calibration circuit specifically comprises: the power calibration circuit comprises a PIN attenuator, a power calibration circuit amplifier, a third directional coupler, a crystal detector and a level control module.
The input end of the PIN attenuator is connected with the first output end of the first directional coupler, the output end of the PIN attenuator is connected with the input end of the power calibration circuit amplifier, the output end of the power calibration circuit amplifier is connected with the input end of the third directional coupler, the first output end of the third directional coupler is connected with the input end of the crystal detector, the second output end of the third directional coupler is connected with the waveform modulation output circuit, the output end of the crystal detector is connected with the input end of the level control module, the data transmission end of the level control module is connected with the control module, and the control end of the level control module is connected with the feedback end of the PIN attenuator.
The level control module is used for converting the power detection level transmitted by the crystal detector into a power value and transmitting the power value to the control module; the control module is used for determining a power calibration signal according to the power value, transmitting the power calibration signal to the PIN attenuator through the level control module, and the PIN attenuator adjusts an attenuation value according to the power calibration signal so that the power of the millimeter wave signal input to the third directional coupler is a preset standard value.
The millimeter wave multi-target radar signal generator provided by the invention can complete the dot frequency setting, radar radio frequency measurement and radar radio frequency tracking in a millimeter wave frequency range; power scaling and power attenuation; setting pulse delay, pulse width and repetition frequency; multiple targets and multiple interfering signals may be achieved. The bottom hardware control circuit of the millimeter wave multi-target radar signal generator is mainly completed by a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). The hardware control circuit (level control unit, modulation unit, attenuation control unit are mainly realized by FPGA chip) at the bottom of the system in fig. 1 can generate signals such as frequency control code, power scaling code, power attenuation code, video modulation signal, frequency synthesizer control serial code, etc. to drive components such as attenuator, modulator, VCO, etc. and finally communicate with the application program of the control module (main control computer PC104) through the PC104 bus.
The working mode of the millimeter wave multi-target radar signal generator is as follows: a dot frequency working mode and a response working mode; single-target working mode and multi-target working mode; pure target mode of operation, target + interference mode of operation.
(1) Dot frequency working mode: the user can set the output fixed frequency, and the instrument can be regarded as a standard millimeter wave signal source.
(2) The response working mode is as follows: the frequency of a transmitting signal sent by the millimeter wave seeker can be rapidly measured, and a signal with the same frequency is output to be used as a target echo for the seeker to test, so that the frequency drift of the transmitting signal of the millimeter wave radar seeker can be automatically tracked.
(3) Single target working mode: in the working mode, the instrument can simulate a single target echo signal and can set target parameters, motion states and motion parameters.
(4) Multi-target working mode: under the working mode, the device can simulate a plurality of target echo signals, and can set target parameters, motion states and motion parameters of a plurality of targets, so that the target selection and tracking performance of the radar seeker can be detected.
(5) Pure target mode of operation, in this mode of operation, this instrument can simulate single or multiple target echo signal.
(6) Target + interference mode of operation: under the working mode, the device can simulate single or multiple target echo signals and various interference echo signals, and can set interference parameters, so that the anti-interference performance of the seeker can be detected.
The millimeter wave multi-target radar signal generator has high working frequency and wide frequency band, and has the problems of low output frequency resolution, poor phase noise and easy frequency unlocking under the condition of a wide band.
The principles of the double-loop phase-locked frequency synthesis circuit and the frequency measurement circuit are as follows:
in the dot frequency operating mode, a user sets an output frequency on a software interface, the PC104 sends a parallel frequency control code (parallel frequency control signal) to the frequency control circuit through the bus, the frequency control circuit converts the parallel frequency control code sent by the PC104 into a serial frequency control code (serial frequency control signal), and then sends the serial frequency control code to the double-loop phase-locked frequency synthesis circuit, so that the PLL1 (including the first phase detector and the first loop filter) and the PLL2 (including the second phase detector and the second loop filter) generate corresponding tuning voltages to drive the VCO1 (the first voltage-controlled oscillator) and the VCO2 (the second voltage-controlled oscillator) to generate radio frequency signals. One path of millimeter wave signals output by the VCO1 is detected and then sent to an ADC acquisition module (the ADC module is in a level control unit, the bandwidth of a millimeter wave multi-target radar signal generator is large, the initial power fluctuation of signals in the band is large, the level control unit controls a PIN attenuator to enable the initial power of signals with different frequencies in the band to be a standard value), the ADC acquisition module sends a sampling result to a PC104, the PC104 outputs a corresponding power code according to the power to control the PIN attenuator (the millimeter wave signals output by the VCO1 are sent to a first directional coupler 1, one path of signals are coupled to the PIN attenuator by the first directional coupler 1 and then sent to a third directional coupler 3 after being amplified, the third directional coupler 3 couples one path of signals to a crystal detector, the crystal detector sends the power detection level to the ADC acquisition module, the ADC acquisition module sends the power value obtained by sampling to the PC104, the PC104 sends the corresponding power level control code to the level control unit according to the power value, and the level control unit forwards the power level control code to the PIN attenuator. The power level control codes are different, and the attenuation values of the PIN attenuators are different, so that the power of the millimeter wave signal input to the third directional coupler 3 is a standard value), and the output power of the initial signal is standard; and the other path of the signal is subjected to pulse modulation and power control by a modulator and an attenuator and then outputs a millimeter wave signal set by a user.
In the response mode, because the radar signal frequency is to be measured, the input millimeter wave radar signal (in the response mode, the radar signal frequency is to be measured, that is, the millimeter wave radar signal input in the upper left corner of fig. 1) is mixed with the radio frequency signal output by the VCO2, and the mixed signal is sent to the frequency measurement circuit for frequency measurement, and the frequency measurement circuit sends the frequency measurement result to the PC104 module. The PC104 sends the parallel frequency control code to the frequency control circuit through the PC104 bus according to the frequency value measured by the instantaneous frequency measurement module, the frequency control circuit converts the parallel frequency control code sent by the PC104 into a serial frequency control code, and then the serial frequency control code is sent to the millimeter wave module. The other steps are the same as the dot frequency mode.
Wherein,
the output of the VCO2 is sent to the second directional coupler 2, the second directional coupler 2 couples a signal to the PLL2, and the input signal of the PLL2 is the signal coupled by the second directional coupler 2 and the reference frequency of the temperature compensated crystal oscillator TCXO, that is, the serial frequency control code sent by the frequency control circuit. The phase-locked loop PLL2 phase-compares the signal coupled from the directional coupler 2 with the reference frequency of the TCXO under the control of the serial frequency control code to lock the frequency of the VCO 2. The locking range of the VCO2 is around 4GHz, a little at every 1 MHz.
The output of the millimeter wave voltage controlled oscillator VCO1 is transmitted to the first directional coupler 1, the first directional coupler 1 couples a part of signals to the harmonic mixer, the signals are mixed with the signals of the VCO2 coupled by the second directional coupler 2 to obtain difference frequency signals, the phase ratio of the difference frequency signals to the reference signals of the temperature compensated crystal oscillator is compared, and the signals are subjected to loop amplification and loop filtering to lock the millimeter wave voltage controlled oscillator VCO 1. (directional coupler 1 connected to VCO 1; directional coupler 2 connected to VCO 2; directional coupler 3 in front of the crystal detector).
The input signal of the PLL1 is the difference frequency signal output by the harmonic mixer 2 and the reference frequency of the TCXO, which is also the serial frequency control code sent by the frequency control circuit. Under the control of the serial frequency control code, the PLL1 compares the phase difference signal with the reference frequency of the TCXO, converts the phase difference signal into a voltage signal and outputs the voltage signal to the VCO1, and the harmonic mixer 2 mixes the signal of the VCO1 coupled by the directional coupler 1 and the signal of the VCO2 coupled by the directional coupler 2 to obtain the phase difference signal, and continues to send the phase difference signal to the PLL1 and compares the phase difference signal with the reference frequency of the TCXO, so as to form a closed loop feedback circuit, until the phase difference signal and the reference frequency of the TCXO keep a fixed phase difference, the VCO1 is considered to be locked on the set frequency. And the phase ratio of the reference signal of the temperature compensation crystal oscillator 100MHz is subjected to loop amplification and loop filtering, and then the millimeter wave voltage-controlled oscillator VCO1 is locked.
The control of the parameters of the coarse-lock loop and the fine-lock loop by PC104 may cause millimeter wave VCO1 to lock between prescribed bandwidths every 0.1 MHz.
By adopting a double-loop phase-locked frequency synthesis technology, the fine locking loop and the coarse locking loop form a double-loop phase-locked loop circuit through the directional coupler and the harmonic mixer, so that a phase discrimination signal of the PLL1 in the fine locking loop is changed into an intermediate frequency signal from a millimeter wave signal, and the precision is further improved.
The frequency control circuit is a tuning control circuit for the VCO, and the digital phase-locked circuit is mainly used for setting a fixed frequency. The circuit mainly completes the function that according to the frequency to be set, the PC104 sends a frequency code to the FPGA, and the FPGA converts a parallel code into a serial control code as a phase-locked loop control word to control the digital phase-locked circuit.
The phase-locked frequency source can realize accurate frequency setting and higher frequency stability, and no frequency difference exists between the set frequency and the actual output frequency; the long-term frequency stability depends on the reference frequency, and a high-stability crystal oscillator is selected to realize 10-7Is not difficult. The circuit consists of a VCO, a directional coupler, an external frequency divider, a digital phase-locked frequency synthesizer, a low-pass loop filtering and amplifying circuit, a set frequency control code generating circuit and the like. Wherein the digital phase-locked frequency synthesisThe construction of the apparatus (PLLSynthesizer) is shown in FIG. 3.
Wherein,
fVCO＝N×fre÷R
thus, according to the frequency value f to be setVCOThe frequency division values N and R can be obtained and are respectively sent to the preset ends of the two frequency dividers, and the required frequency setting can be completed.
The function of the frequency control code generation circuit in fig. 3 is to convert the calculated N and R values into corresponding control codes and simultaneously generate corresponding control logic and sequential logic, which are sent to the pll synthesizer in the form of serial codes.
In order to quickly measure the radar transmitting frequency, the invention adopts a digital counting type instantaneous frequency measurement method, and has the advantages of high frequency measurement precision, simple circuit and small volume. The general method of digital counting frequency measurement is to count the periods of the signal to be measured and a relatively high frequency clock signal in a period of time T corresponding to several periods of the signal to be measured f, and then to convert the frequency of the signal to be measured by using the counting result. The principle is to measure a signal of a lower frequency (longer period) using a clock of a higher frequency (shorter period), or to measure a longer period of time using a smaller unit of time measurement.
The digital counting and frequency measuring circuit consists of an equivalent clock generating circuit, a time window forming circuit, a radar carrier frequency counting circuit, a clock pulse counting circuit, a data processing circuit and the like. The digital counting frequency measuring circuit is constructed as shown in fig. 4. In fig. 4, "radar signal" is "input" in fig. 1, "frequency conversion" in fig. 4 is "input" in fig. 1, amplified and then sent to a harmonic mixer to be mixed into an intermediate frequency signal, and the intermediate frequency signal is amplified and then sent to a frequency measurement module in fig. 1.
The important condition for realizing counting frequency measurement is to generate an accurate time window T as nt, where T is the period of the measured frequency. The basic method of generating the time window T is as follows:
generally, a pulse width signal formed after a detected radar signal is detected is a rough time window; on the basis, the front edge of the carrier frequency signal in the radar pulse is used for synchronous trigger shaping, and an accurate time window T (nt) can be formed. The schematic block diagram and waveform diagram of the circuit are shown in fig. 5 and 6. The "shaping" circuit in fig. 5 is an and or nor gate for shaping the carrier signal of the radar pulse to form the clock signal of the D flip-flop; the D flip-flop is used to complete the shaping of the time window T-nt. The detected and shaped signals can be used for counting and frequency measurement.
The waveform modulation output circuit is respectively connected with the power calibration circuit and the control module, and is used for receiving the modulation signal parameters sent by the control module, carrying out waveform modulation according to the modulation signal parameters and outputting modulated millimeter wave signals.
The waveform modulation output circuit specifically comprises: a waveform modulator and a waveform modulation output circuit attenuator. The input end of the waveform modulator is connected with the second output end of the third directional coupler, and the output end of the waveform modulator is connected with the input end of the waveform modulation output circuit attenuator; the waveform modulator is used for providing a synchronous pulse signal and a modulation signal.
In order to test the selection capability and the anti-interference capability of the millimeter wave radar guide head on multiple targets, the millimeter wave multi-target radar signal generator needs to simulate multiple radar target signals and multiple interference signals. Therefore, the main functions of the modulation waveform generation module are: firstly, providing a timing reference for the whole system, namely providing a synchronous pulse; and secondly, providing a modulation signal for waveform formation of the output signal, namely generating a plurality of target and a plurality of interference signals. The waveform modulator is constructed as shown in fig. 7.
When the internal trigger works, the repetition frequency generating circuit is responsible for generating a synchronous signal and a repetition frequency signal. The synchronization signal provides a time reference for the whole system, and is a TTL level pulse signal with the pulse width of 1 us. When the external trigger works, the external trigger pulse is used as a synchronous pulse.
The delay pulse generating circuit generates delay pulses with the leading edge of the synchronous pulse as a time starting point, and has fixed delay and variable delay so as to simulate fixed target echo and moving target echo. The time delay range is 1 us-200 us, the control method is selectable manually/automatically, and the control method is selectable for increasing/decreasing. The delay speed of the variable delay is 0.1 us/s-10 us/s, and 0.1us/s is stepped.
The pulse width forming circuit generates a pulse waveform with a required pulse width under the excitation of the leading edge of the delay output pulse, and the pulse waveform is used as a modulation signal of the PIN modulator. The pulse width range is 0.1-50 us, and the resolution is 0.1 us.
The realization of multiple targets and various interference signals is mainly realized by a large-scale programmable logic device FPGA. The PC104 sends the target parameters, the motion state, the motion parameters of the multiple targets and the interference parameters of the multiple interference signals to the FPGA, and the FPGA generates the multiple targets and the multiple interference signals through internal hardware resources. The generation of multiple targets and various interference signals is completely formed by FPGA circuits, and the miniaturization of the circuits is also realized.
The system software is the core of the whole operation control, and not only needs to set the working parameters of the multiple radar signal sources and the working state of the control system, but also needs to analyze and fuse the data such as frequency setting codes, power control codes, power level codes, case temperature values and the like according to the requirements of frequency and power control, and finally displays the result. The system software is a graphical interface of man-machine exchange, and simultaneously needs to complete communication with a bottom layer main control circuit board, and the main functions of the system software comprise: setting the dot frequency of the system; finishing the scaling and attenuation control of the output power; setting parameters and states of pulse signals of a system; setting parameters and states of output modulation signals; measuring the carrier frequency of the radar; carrying out self-inspection on the whole system; the computer is turned off.
The system software achieves the goals of: the equipment parameters are set visually and simply; the data communication is smooth and reliable; the information collection and storage are timely and effective; the display result is accurate and clear; the use by users is convenient, and the user friendliness is high; the reliability is higher; the operation efficiency is higher; has stronger maintainability and expandability and adapts to the change of the user requirements.
A general block diagram of the system software is shown in fig. 8. The software platform comprises a measurement and control module and a self-checking module, a multi-thread working mode is adopted, a flow page is taken as a main thread, and a data acquisition and control algorithm is taken as two sub-threads.
The flow page comprises functional modules such as real-time data display, system parameter setting, upper computer communication control and the like. The data acquisition sub-thread is a core module of the measurement and control system, takes charge of acquiring data such as frequency codes, power detection level codes, temperature sampling values and the like, and provides the acquired data to the self-checking module to judge the working state of the system. The main thread can set the parameters of frequency, power attenuation, power calibration and modulation pulse of the output port through control setting, and the system parameter setting allows an operator to set various parameters through a man-machine conversation window so as to adapt to the actual requirement of the terminal-guided radar during testing. Fig. 9 and fig. 10 are schematic diagrams of front and rear panels of the millimeter wave radar signal generator according to the present invention. The overall dimensions of the box are designed according to the GJB2825-97 (military radar cabinet, subrack, plug-in, modular requirement), the height is 4U (177mm), the width is 482.6mm (the actual width of the case is 451mm, and the surplus dimension is the dimension of the bracket for fixedly connecting the case and the cabinet), as shown in FIG. 11. The depth dimension of the case is 500 mm. In fig. 10, the RS422 and GPIB interfaces are communication interfaces with an upper computer, and a remote control system can complete program control of the target disturbance simulator through the interfaces.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described herein using specific examples, which are provided only to help understand the method and the core concept of the present invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In summary, this summary should not be construed to limit the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A millimeter-wave radar signal generator, comprising:
the double-loop phase-locked frequency synthesis circuit comprises a double-loop phase-locked frequency synthesis circuit, a power calibration circuit and a control module;
the double-loop phase-locked frequency synthesis circuit is connected with the control module and is used for receiving the frequency control signal sent by the control module and outputting millimeter waves subjected to frequency reduction and phase locking according to the frequency control signal and the mixing signal; the frequency mixing signal is obtained by mixing the output signals of two phase-locked loop circuits in the double-loop phase-locked frequency synthesis circuit; the output signal of one phase-locked loop circuit is a millimeter wave signal, the frequency of the output signal of the other phase-locked loop circuit is smaller than the frequency of the millimeter wave signal, and the frequency of the mixing signal is smaller than the frequency of the millimeter wave signal and larger than the frequency of the output signal of the other phase-locked loop circuit;
the power calibration circuit is respectively connected with the double-loop phase-locked frequency synthesis circuit and the control module, and is used for receiving a power calibration signal sent by the control module, performing power calibration on the millimeter waves subjected to frequency reduction and phase locking according to the power calibration signal, and adjusting the internal power of the millimeter wave bandwidth subjected to frequency reduction and phase locking to be the same.
2. The millimeter-wave radar signal generator of claim 1, further comprising:
a frequency measurement circuit;
the frequency measurement circuit is respectively connected with the double-loop phase-locked frequency synthesis circuit and the control module; the frequency measurement circuit is used for determining a frequency measurement signal after acquiring a radar signal, and the control module is used for calculating the frequency of the radar signal according to the frequency measurement signal, determining a frequency control signal according to the frequency of the radar signal, and sending the frequency control signal to the double-loop phase-locked frequency synthesis circuit.
3. The millimeter-wave radar signal generator of claim 2, further comprising:
a waveform modulation output circuit;
the waveform modulation output circuit is respectively connected with the power calibration circuit and the control module, and is used for receiving the modulation signal parameters sent by the control module, carrying out waveform modulation according to the modulation signal parameters and outputting modulated millimeter wave signals.
4. The millimeter-wave radar signal generator according to claim 3, wherein the dual-loop phase-locked frequency synthesis circuit specifically comprises:
a fine-tuning phase-locked loop circuit and a coarse-tuning phase-locked loop circuit;
the coarse tuning phase-locked loop circuit is connected with the control module; the coarse tuning phase-locked loop circuit is used for receiving a preset frequency control signal sent by the control module and carrying out phase locking according to the preset frequency control signal and an output signal of the coarse tuning phase-locked loop circuit; the preset frequency of the preset frequency control signal is 4 GHz;
the fine adjustment phase-locked loop circuit is respectively connected with the coarse adjustment phase-locked loop circuit and the control module; the fine phase-locked loop circuit is used for receiving the millimeter wave frequency control signal sent by the control module, performing phase locking according to the millimeter wave frequency control signal and the mixed signal of the output signal of the fine phase-locked loop circuit and the output signal of the coarse phase-locked loop circuit, and outputting millimeter waves subjected to frequency reduction phase locking.
5. The millimeter-wave radar signal generator of claim 4,
the fine tuning phase-locked loop circuit specifically comprises:
the first phase detector, the first loop filter, the first voltage-controlled oscillator, the first directional coupler and the first harmonic mixer;
a first input end of the first phase detector is connected with the control module, an output end of the first phase detector is connected with an input end of the first loop filter, an output end of the first loop filter is connected with an input end of the first voltage-controlled oscillator, an output end of the first voltage-controlled oscillator is connected with an input end of the first directional coupler, a first output end of the first directional coupler is connected with an input end of the power calibration circuit, a second output end of the first directional coupler is connected with a first input end of the first harmonic mixer, and an output end of the first harmonic mixer is connected with a second input end of the first phase detector;
the coarse tuning phase-locked loop circuit specifically comprises:
the second phase detector, the second loop filter, the second voltage-controlled oscillator and the second directional coupler;
a first input end of the second phase detector is connected with the control module, an output end of the second phase detector is connected with an input end of the second loop filter, an output end of the second loop filter is connected with an input end of the second voltage-controlled oscillator, an output end of the second voltage-controlled oscillator is connected with an input end of the second directional coupler, a first output end of the second directional coupler is connected with a second input end of the first harmonic mixer, and a second output end of the second directional coupler is connected with a second input end of the second phase detector;
the first harmonic mixer is used for mixing an output signal of the first directional coupler and an output signal of the second directional coupler; the output signal of the first directional coupler is millimeter wave, and the output signal of the second directional coupler is 4GHz electromagnetic wave.
6. The millimeter wave radar signal generator of claim 5, wherein the frequency measurement circuit specifically comprises:
the device comprises a first amplifier, a second harmonic mixer and a frequency measurement module;
radar signals are input into the first amplifier for signal amplification, the first amplifier is connected with a first input end of the second harmonic mixer, a second input end of the second harmonic mixer is connected with a third output end of the second directional coupler, and the frequency measurement module is respectively connected with an output end of the second harmonic mixer and the control module; the second harmonic mixer is used for mixing the amplified radar signal with the output signal of the second directional coupler and transmitting the mixed signal to the frequency measurement module; the frequency measurement module is used for determining a frequency measurement signal.
7. The millimeter wave radar signal generator of claim 6, wherein the frequency measurement module specifically comprises:
a timing module and a counting module;
the input end of the timing module and the input end of the counting module are both connected with the output end of the second harmonic mixer, and the output end of the timing module and the output end of the counting module are both connected with the control module; the control module is used for determining the frequency of the radar signal according to the total timing time output by the timing module and the number of the radar carrier frequencies within the total timing time output by the counting module.
8. The millimeter wave radar signal generator of claim 7, wherein the power scaling circuit specifically comprises:
the power calibration circuit comprises a PIN attenuator, a power calibration circuit amplifier, a third directional coupler, a crystal detector and a level control module;
the input end of the PIN attenuator is connected with the first output end of the first directional coupler, the output end of the PIN attenuator is connected with the input end of the power calibration circuit amplifier, the output end of the power calibration circuit amplifier is connected with the input end of the third directional coupler, the first output end of the third directional coupler is connected with the input end of the crystal detector, the second output end of the third directional coupler is connected with the waveform modulation output circuit, the output end of the crystal detector is connected with the input end of the level control module, the data transmission end of the level control module is connected with the control module, and the control end of the level control module is connected with the feedback end of the PIN attenuator;
the level control module is used for converting the power detection level transmitted by the crystal detector into a power value and transmitting the power value to the control module; the control module is used for determining a power calibration signal according to the power value and transmitting the power calibration signal to the PIN attenuator through the level control module, and the PIN attenuator adjusts an attenuation value according to the power calibration signal so that the power of the millimeter wave signal input to the third directional coupler is a preset standard value.
9. The millimeter wave radar signal generator of claim 8, wherein the waveform modulation output circuit specifically comprises:
the waveform modulator and the waveform modulation output circuit attenuator;
the input end of the waveform modulator is connected with the second output end of the third directional coupler, and the output end of the waveform modulator is connected with the input end of the waveform modulation output circuit attenuator; the waveform modulator is used for providing a synchronous pulse signal and a modulation signal.
10. The millimeter-wave radar signal generator of claim 9, wherein the dual-loop phase-locked frequency synthesis circuit further comprises:
a first frequency control circuit and a second frequency control circuit;
the input end of the first frequency control circuit is connected with the control module, and the output end of the first frequency control circuit is connected with the first input end of the first phase detector; the first frequency control circuit is used for converting the parallel millimeter wave frequency control signal sent by the control module into a serial millimeter wave frequency control signal and then transmitting the serial millimeter wave frequency control signal to the first phase detector;
the input end of the second frequency control circuit is connected with the control module, and the output end of the second frequency control circuit is connected with the first input end of the second phase discriminator; the second frequency control circuit is used for converting the parallel preset frequency control signal sent by the control module into a serial preset frequency control signal and then transmitting the serial preset frequency control signal to the second phase discriminator.
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