CN111835147B - Hub motor of electric automobile - Google Patents
Hub motor of electric automobile Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN111835147B CN111835147B CN201910308372.3A CN201910308372A CN111835147B CN 111835147 B CN111835147 B CN 111835147B CN 201910308372 A CN201910308372 A CN 201910308372A CN 111835147 B CN111835147 B CN 111835147B
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- Prior art keywords
- fixed shaft
- hub motor
- motor
- end cover
- rotor
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K9/00—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating
- H02K9/19—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating for machines with closed casing and closed-circuit cooling using a liquid cooling medium, e.g. oil
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D23/00—Control of temperature
- G05D23/19—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means
- G05D23/20—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means with sensing elements having variation of electric or magnetic properties with change of temperature
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/32—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit with channels or ducts for flow of cooling medium
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
Abstract
The invention discloses an electric automobile hub motor, which comprises a permanent magnet rotor, a stator, a fixed shaft, a cooling liquid pipe, a magnetic suspension bearing, a temperature control system adopting a two-stage fuzzy controller and the like. The hub motor is an outer rotor motor, the fixed shaft is a hollow shaft, and the power supply and signal circuit and the cooling liquid pipeline can extend into the motor from the hollow fixed shaft. A coolant tube is secured to the motor stator wherein the coolant is circulated to maintain the motor temperature within a desired range. Magnetic suspension bearings are arranged among the permanent magnet rotor of the hub motor, the rotor end cover and the fixed shaft so as to reduce abrasion among the permanent magnet rotor, the rotor end cover and the fixed shaft. The contact position of the fixed shaft and the rotor end cover is provided with an air hole, the gas flows from the inside of the fixed shaft to the contact position of the fixed shaft and the rotor end cover, the gas is filled in the gap between the fixed shaft and the rotor end cover and keeps flowing to the outer side of the hub motor, and therefore dust, liquid and the like are prevented from entering the inside of the hub motor.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electric automobiles, in particular to an electric automobile hub motor.
Background
With the development and popularization of electric automobiles, the wheel hub motor drive is more and more valued by people. The most direct advantage of adopting the hub motor in the power transmission system is that a large number of parts can be omitted from the whole vehicle, and an engine, a gearbox, a clutch, a transmission shaft, a driving shaft, a differential mechanism and the like can be omitted, so that the cost of the whole vehicle is greatly reduced. Meanwhile, the vehicle driven by the hub motor can obtain better space utilization rate, and the transmission efficiency is also improved by a large amount.
However, the hub motor has a compact structure and a closed space, so the problem of heat generation of the hub motor is more prominent. Meanwhile, the precise motor is arranged in the hub, the working environment of the hub motor is very severe due to high-speed and high-frequency vibration, and dust prevention and water prevention are a great problem in the development of the hub motor. Therefore, the hub motor with good heat dissipation performance and dustproof and waterproof capabilities has important significance for the development of electric automobiles.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention discloses an electric automobile hub motor, which comprises a permanent magnet rotor, a stator, a fixed shaft, a cooling liquid pipe, a magnetic suspension bearing and a temperature control system adopting a two-stage fuzzy controller, wherein the permanent magnet rotor, the stator, the fixed shaft, the cooling liquid pipe and the magnetic suspension bearing are arranged in the hub motor, and the temperature control system adopts a two-stage fuzzy controller, wherein the two-stage fuzzy controller comprises the following components: the hub motor is an outer rotor motor, a permanent magnet rotor is sleeved outside a stator, an air gap is formed between the permanent magnet rotor and the stator, the stator is installed on a fixed shaft, the fixed shaft is a hollow shaft, the fixed shaft is provided with an air hole, a wiring hole and a cooling liquid hole, a power supply and signal line penetrates through the wiring hole of the fixed shaft, and a cooling liquid pipe penetrates through the cooling liquid hole of the fixed shaft and extends into the motor;
the hub motor temperature control system adopts a two-stage fuzzy controller based on fuzzy reasoning to realize the temperature control of the whole system, the system selects an error E and an error change EC as input variables, a correction factor P is an output variable, and K is an output variable e 、K ec For the quantization factor, a new quantization factor
Is calculated by the formula
The control process is generally graded according to the absolute value | E | of E, when | E | is more than 2, the system adopts a second-level control strategy, and when | E | is less than or equal to 2, the system adopts a first-level control strategy;
when the second-stage control is adopted, the error E and the error change EC of the system are obtained by sampling, and a correction factor P and a quantization factor K which are obtained from a fuzzy correction factor lookup table are utilized e 、K ec Calculating a new quantization factor
By using
The error E and the error change EC are quantified again, and the control quantity u, which is obtained by the fuzzy control look-up table in the designed hierarchical fuzzy controller, and the control quantity and the scale factor K are calculated u2 Multiplying to obtain accurate actual control quantity U = f (E, EC), and controlling the system;
when the system runs to the first stage, the domain of E is reduced to 2, -1,0,1,2, while the domain of u and EC remains unchanged; obtaining the error E and error change EC of the system by sampling, and according to the selected quantization factor K e 、K ec Quantizing the control quantity, and obtaining the control quantity u from a fuzzy control quantity lookup table in the designed hierarchical fuzzy controllerScale factor K u1 Multiplying to obtain an accurate control quantity f (E, EC), introducing intelligent integration while performing first-level fuzzy control, wherein the integration result is Δ U = K ^ Edt, and the integration result is used as a part of the output control quantity, so that the output control quantity U = f (E, EC) + K ^ Edt, and the system is controlled.
According to the hub motor of the electric automobile, optionally, a cooling liquid pipe is fixed on the stator of the motor, the cooling liquid pipe is communicated with cooling liquid through a cooling liquid pipe connector of the fixed shaft, and the temperature of the motor can be maintained in an ideal range through the cooling liquid circulating in the cooling liquid pipe.
According to the hub motor of the electric automobile, optionally, magnetic suspension bearings are arranged among the permanent magnet rotor of the hub motor, the rotor end cover and the fixed shaft, so that abrasion among the permanent magnet rotor, the rotor end cover and the fixed shaft can be reduced, the service life of the hub motor is prolonged, and meanwhile, loss caused by friction is reduced.
According to the hub motor of the electric automobile, optionally, an air hole is formed at the contact position of the fixed shaft and the rotor end cover, the air flows from the inside of the fixed shaft to the contact position of the fixed shaft and the rotor end cover, the air is filled in the gap between the fixed shaft and the rotor end cover and keeps flowing towards the outer side of the hub motor, and therefore dust, water and the like are prevented from entering the inside of the hub motor.
The hub motor of the electric automobile is characterized in that the hub motor is connected with a power generation unit, and the power generation unit is connected with a power generation unit.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the utility model provides an electric automobile wheel hub motor, has the external rotor structure, and fixed axle and rotor end cover contact department open have the round gas pocket, easily prevent dust, adopt doublestage fuzzy controller's temperature control system to take coolant liquid circulation system, can effectively control wheel hub motor's temperature rise, guarantee wheel hub motor's life.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front view of a wheel with an electric automobile hub motor according to the present invention mounted thereon.
Fig. 2 is an assembly diagram illustrating the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view showing a fixing shaft in the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view showing a gas flow direction in the gas hole.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a second-level control component of the temperature control system of the hub motor.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a first-stage control component of the hub motor temperature control system.
The reference numbers illustrate: 1. tire and rim, 2, permanent magnet rotor, 3, magnetic suspension bearing, 4, stator, 5, coolant liquid pipe, 6, fixed axle, 7, sealing washer, 8, rotor end cover, 9, brake disc, 10, brake caliper, 11, gas pocket, 12, wiring hole, 13, coolant liquid pipe interface, 14, temperature control system.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the hub motor is arranged in a rim of a wheel, a rotor end cover 8 of the hub motor is connected with the permanent magnet rotor 2 through bolts, a brake disc 9 is arranged on the rotor end cover 8, and the fixed shaft 6 penetrates out of a hole in the middle of the rotor end cover 8 and is connected with a vehicle body; the stator 4 is fixed on the fixed shaft 6, the permanent magnet rotor 2 is arranged on one side, close to the wheel rim, of the stator 4, the rotor end cover 8 is arranged on the other side, and the rotor sealing ring 7 is arranged between the rotor end cover 8 and the permanent magnet rotor 2, so that a closed space is formed. The cooling liquid pipe 5 is tightly attached to one side of the stator 4, two ends of the cooling liquid pipe 5 are respectively connected with a cooling liquid pipe connector 13 on the fixed shaft 6, and cooling liquid circulates in the cooling liquid pipe 5 to take away heat inside the hub motor. And magnetic suspension bearings 3 are arranged between the fixed shaft 6 and the rotor end cover 8 as well as between the fixed shaft and the permanent magnet rotor 2, so that mechanical abrasion is reduced under the action of electromagnetic force. The fixed shaft 6 is provided with power supply and signal lines which penetrate out of the fixed shaft through the wiring hole 12 to supply power and control signals for the winding on the stator 4, and the arrangement mode can better protect the lines.
A circle of air holes 11 are formed in the contact part of the fixed shaft 6 and the rotor end cover, the air holes 11 are connected with an air supply pipeline arranged in the fixed shaft 6, air flows into a gap between the fixed shaft 6 and the rotor end cover 8 from the air holes 11, certain pressure is generated in the gap by the air, the air continuously flows outwards, and the purpose of preventing water and dust from entering the motor from the outside is achieved.
As shown in fig. 5 to 6, the temperature control system of the hub motor adopts a two-stage fuzzy controller based on fuzzy reasoning to realize the temperature control of the whole system, the temperature control system detects the system output y and compares the system output y with a given quantity r to obtain the error E and the error change EC of the system, the system selects the error E and the error change EC as input variables, and the correction factor P is an output variable. The domain and fuzzy set of the error E, the error change EC and the correction factor P are defined as follows:
E. the domains of EC and u are { -5, -4, -3, -2, -1,0,1,2,3,4,5};
the domain of discourse of P is { -1/2, -1/3, -1/4,0,1/4,1/3,1/2}.
The two-stage fuzzy control algorithm based on fuzzy inference comprises the following steps:
(1) Determining a quantization factor K according to the actual situation of a controlled object e 、K ec Reference value and scale factor K u1 、K u2 The value of (c).
(2) According to the values of error E and error change EC obtained by sampling the system, quantization factor K is used e 、K ec The reference value quantizes the input amount E, EC.
(3) Obtaining a correction factor P through a fuzzy correction factor look-up table 1 according to the values of the error E and the error change EC after quantization, and using the correction factor P to the quantization factor K e 、K ec And (6) adjusting. If the error is large, the error E should be weighted more heavily in the control law, and if the error change EC is large, the error change EC should be weighted more heavily in the control law. Calculate out
As a new quantization factor, the calculation formula is:
TABLE 1 fuzzy correction factor look-up table
(4) New quantization factor
As the quantization factor for the current fuzzy control.
According to the characteristics of a hub motor temperature control system, a two-stage fuzzy controller divides the discourse domain of an error E and an error change EC into two nested sections, the discourse domain of the first stage is small, the discourse domain of the second stage is large, the second stage basically corresponds to the transient process of the system, the first stage corresponds to the steady-state process of the system, and intelligent integration is introduced into the first stage.
The control process is generally graded according to the absolute value of E, when E is more than 2, the system adopts a second-level control strategy, and when E is less than or equal to 2, the system adopts a first-level control strategy.
When the second level control is adopted, the argument of E is { -5, -4, -3,3,4,5}. The domain of discourse of u and EC does not change. The error E and error change EC of the system are obtained from the sampling, and the correction factor P and quantization factor K obtained from the fuzzy correction factor lookup table are utilized e 、K ec Calculating a new quantization factor
By using
The error E and the error change EC are quantified again, and the designed hierarchical fuzzy control is adoptedFuzzy control quantity lookup table 2 in the controller obtains control quantity u, which is related to the proportional factor K u2 Multiplied by the actual control quantity U = f (E, EC), U controls the speed of the coolant flow and thus the system temperature.
The universe of discourse for E is reduced to { -2, -1,0,1, 2} as the system operates to the first stage, while the universe of discourse for u and EC remains unchanged. Obtaining the error E and error change EC of the system by sampling according to the selected quantization factor K e 、K ec It is quantized. The control quantity u is obtained from a fuzzy control quantity lookup table 2 in the designed hierarchical fuzzy controller and is matched with a scaling factor K u1 Multiplying to obtain an accurate control quantity f (E, EC), introducing intelligent integration while performing first-level fuzzy control, wherein the integration result is delta U = K ^ Edt, taking the integration result as a part of an output control quantity, and controlling the flow speed of the cooling liquid by the output control quantity U = f (E, EC) + K ^ Edt and U, thereby controlling the system temperature.
TABLE 2 fuzzy control quantity lookup table
Modifications of the embodiments
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and variations and modifications within a range that can achieve the object of the present invention are also included in the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides an electric automobile in-wheel motor, includes in-wheel motor's permanent magnet rotor, stator, fixed axle, coolant liquid pipe, magnetic suspension bearing, adopts the temperature control system of doublestage fuzzy controller, its characterized in that: the hub motor is an outer rotor motor, a permanent magnet rotor is sleeved outside a stator, an air gap is formed between the permanent magnet rotor and the stator, the stator is installed on a fixed shaft, the fixed shaft is a hollow shaft, the fixed shaft is provided with an air hole, a wiring hole and a cooling liquid hole, a power supply and signal line penetrates through the wiring hole of the fixed shaft, and a cooling liquid pipe penetrates through the cooling liquid hole of the fixed shaft and extends into the motor;
the above-mentionedThe hub motor temperature control system adopts a two-stage fuzzy controller based on fuzzy reasoning to realize the temperature control of the whole system, the system selects an error E and an error change EC as input variables, a correction factor P as an output variable, and K e 、K ec For the quantization factor, a new quantization factor
Is calculated by the formula
The control process is graded according to the absolute value | E | of E, when | E | is more than 2, the system adopts a second-level control strategy, and when | E | is less than or equal to 2, the system adopts a first-level control strategy;
when the system adopts the second-stage control strategy, the error E and the error change EC of the system are obtained by sampling, and the correction factor P and the quantization factor K obtained from the fuzzy correction factor lookup table are utilized e 、K ec Calculating a new quantization factor
By using
The error E and the error change EC are quantified again, and the control quantity u, which is obtained by the fuzzy control lookup table in the designed hierarchical fuzzy controller, and the control quantity u and the scale factor K are obtained u2 Multiplying to obtain accurate actual control quantity U = f (E, EC), and controlling the system; when the system adopts a first-level control strategy, the domain of discourse of the E is reduced to { -2, -1,0,1 and 2}, and the domain of discourse of the u and the EC is kept unchanged; obtaining the error E and error change EC of the system by sampling according to the selected quantization factor K e 、K ec Quantizing the control quantity, and obtaining the control quantity u from a fuzzy control quantity lookup table in the designed hierarchical fuzzy controllerAnd the scale factor K u1 Multiplying to obtain an accurate control quantity f (E, EC), introducing intelligent integration while performing first-level fuzzy control, wherein the integration result is Δ U = K ^ Edt, and the integration result is used as a part of the output control quantity, so that the output control quantity U = f (E, EC) + K ^ Edt, and the system is controlled.
2. The hub motor for electric vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: a cooling liquid pipe is fixed on the motor stator and is communicated with cooling liquid through a cooling liquid pipe connector of the fixed shaft.
3. The hub motor for electric vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: magnetic suspension bearings are arranged among the permanent magnet rotor, the rotor end cover and the fixed shaft of the hub motor.
4. The hub motor for electric vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: the contact position of the fixed shaft and the rotor end cover is provided with an air hole, the air flows from the inside of the fixed shaft to the contact position of the fixed shaft and the rotor end cover, and the air is filled in a gap between the fixed shaft and the rotor end cover and keeps flowing to the outside of the hub motor.
5. The hub motor for the electric automobile according to claim 1, characterized in that: when the automobile needs to be braked, the hub motor is switched into a generator state to provide electromagnetic resistance for the automobile, electricity is generated outwards, and electric energy is stored in a power battery of the electric automobile.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201910308372.3A CN111835147B (en) | 2019-04-17 | 2019-04-17 | Hub motor of electric automobile |
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| CN201910308372.3A CN111835147B (en) | 2019-04-17 | 2019-04-17 | Hub motor of electric automobile |
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| CN111835147B true CN111835147B (en) | 2022-11-11 |
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| CN103487172A (en) * | 2013-07-08 | 2014-01-01 | 浙江工业大学 | Heat metering wireless temperature control system based on fuzzy control algorithm |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0730128B1 (en) * | 1995-02-06 | 1999-06-23 | Carrier Corporation | Fuzzy logic control of liquid injection for motor cooling |
| CN2432720Y (en) * | 2000-05-09 | 2001-05-30 | 李伟力 | Special-purpose high starting torque energy-saving motor for pumping unit with intelligent controlling equipment |
| CN101604877B (en) * | 2002-11-13 | 2012-03-21 | 株式会社东芝 | Rotary motor |
| CN101277045A (en) * | 2007-03-28 | 2008-10-01 | 杨光笋 | Water-proof hub |
| CN100585303C (en) * | 2007-11-15 | 2010-01-27 | 南京五洲制冷集团有限公司 | Energy control method of cyclone compressor modularizing wind cold-hot pump unit |
| CN104410237A (en) * | 2014-11-27 | 2015-03-11 | 沈阳工业大学 | Integral direct-drive disc-type wheel hub motor |
| CN107472001B (en) * | 2016-12-08 | 2019-11-22 | 宝沃汽车（中国）有限公司 | Control method, device and the vehicle of cooling water pump |
| CN107492973B (en) * | 2017-08-24 | 2019-06-04 | 江苏韩森自动车股份有限公司 | A kind of water-proof hub high-voltage motor for electric vehicle |
| CN108482105A (en) * | 2018-05-22 | 2018-09-04 | 刘昱含 | Dynamoelectric and power generation integral type outer rotor hub unit and electric vehicle |
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2019
- 2019-04-17 CN CN201910308372.3A patent/CN111835147B/en active Active
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101004599A (en) * | 2006-11-29 | 2007-07-25 | 河北科技大学 | System for controlling procedure for warming - up wrapped welded tube with zinc coated, and plastic painted double layer, and control method |
| CN103487172A (en) * | 2013-07-08 | 2014-01-01 | 浙江工业大学 | Heat metering wireless temperature control system based on fuzzy control algorithm |
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