CN111834728A - Broadband unequal-dividing power divider of coplanar waveguide circuit - Google Patents
Broadband unequal-dividing power divider of coplanar waveguide circuit Download PDFInfo
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- CN111834728A CN111834728A CN202010810033.8A CN202010810033A CN111834728A CN 111834728 A CN111834728 A CN 111834728A CN 202010810033 A CN202010810033 A CN 202010810033A CN 111834728 A CN111834728 A CN 111834728A
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
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Abstract
The invention discloses a coplanar waveguide circuit broadband (power ratio 3:2) unequal-divide-one-two power divider, which comprises: comprises a shielding box and a circuit board; the circuit board sequentially comprises from top to bottom: a coplanar waveguide circuit layer, a dielectric layer and a metal layer; the metal layer is provided with circuits such as a groove; the coplanar waveguide circuit layer includes: the circuit comprises an input port, two output ports, a transmission line circuit and a plurality of resistors arranged in the transmission line circuit; in the power divider, the power ratio with higher impedance is a '2' circuit: applying a conventional coplanar waveguide circuit; power ratio "3" circuit: the front-stage circuit with slightly higher impedance is a conventional coplanar waveguide circuit, and the grounded coplanar waveguide is connected with other circuits, the input port and the output port; a groove for replacing a conventional coplanar waveguide air bridge is dug below the metal layer of the shielding box, so that the grounding inconsistency of the conventional coplanar waveguide and the influence of the air bridge on a circuit board are reduced. The coplanar waveguide circuit has the advantages of small loss, wide frequency band, port matching, high isolation, and adjustable phase and amplitude.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electronic information, in particular to a broadband unequal-divide-into-two power divider of a coplanar waveguide circuit.
Background
The power divider is a multi-port device which divides input microwave signal power into multiple paths of equal or unequal outputs, and the classical circuit form is a Wilkinson power divider: the multi-port power divider is a multi-port power divider with all ports matched, low loss, high isolation and same phase. The wide-band unequal one-in-two power divider widely used at present is a multi-section cascade microstrip circuit structure with two paths of impedances with different characteristics and connected with a Wilkinson one-in-two power divider of a multi-section impedance converter, and in order to further widen the working bandwidth, the number of lambda g/4 transmission line segments and corresponding isolation resistors is increased. There are problems: (1) the broadband (power ratio 3:2) unequal-division one-in-two power divider needs impedance conversion from 40 omega to 124 omega, a microstrip circuit is limited by a board manufacturing process and cost, and a transmission line with impedance of more than 120 omega is difficult to realize, so that the unequal-division one-in-two power divider is limited in further expanding frequency bandwidth and improving power ratio; (2) the circuit is in an asymmetric structure from the beginning of an input T-shaped section circuit; the power ratio is a path with higher impedance of 2, and the preceding stage impedance transformation microstrip transmission line is thinner, strong in spatial coupling, large in loss, small in bearing power and the like; (3) the effective sectional area of the microstrip transmission line conductor is further reduced along with the skin effect of the broadband circuit with the increased frequency, the conductor loss is increased, the fluctuation in the band is larger, and the power ratio in the broadband is changed; (4) the power ratio is the relative low impedance of "3" all the way, and the microstrip line is wider, and the conductor loss is little, and area occupied is big. (5) The larger the power borne by the isolation resistor is, the larger the resistor size is required, the larger the ground distributed capacitance of the resistor is, and the larger the influence on the thinner preceding-stage microstrip transmission line is; (6) the two paths of the power divider are asymmetric in structure, inconsistent in amplitude and large in phase difference, and along with frequency increase, the matching of each port of the power divider becomes poor and loss is remarkably increased. (7) After the plate is selected, the impedance of the microstrip circuit changes along with the width W, the phase changes along with the length L, and each has only one variable. Usually, one of the paths of length-adjusting phase is changed, and then an attenuation element is added or the power distribution ratio is slightly changed to adjust the output amplitude, so that the amplitude and the phase cannot simultaneously meet the index requirements, and the path of loss which needs to be lengthened and the phase is large.
The Wilkinson broadband unequal-division-two-in-one power divider of the stripline circuit is also applied in a small quantity, is more difficult to process and higher in cost compared with a microstrip circuit power divider, cannot directly weld elements to a signal layer, and is not suitable for a circuit which has high impedance and low impedance and large difference of impedance values.
Besides microstrip lines and strip lines, coplanar waveguides (CPW and GCPW) are also a microwave planar circuit with excellent performance and convenient processing, and the characteristic impedance covers: 20-250 omega, especially in the application of higher frequency and higher impedance circuits, the coplanar waveguide transmission line has incomparable performance advantages compared with microstrip lines and strip lines in the aspects of loss, crosstalk and good in-band flatness in a wide frequency band range. Coplanar waveguides are slightly different from microstrip lines: large-area ground planes are added on both sides of the transmission line. After the plate is selected, the characteristic impedance of the coplanar waveguide is determined by the ratio of the width (W) of a signal strip line to the width (S) of a slot line, the width (W) and the length (L) of a transmission line conductor and the distance (S) between grounding conductors are respectively provided with two variables to change the impedance and the phase of a circuit, and the loss of a path of high impedance needing to increase the length (phase) is relatively small.
Current power divider circuit designs have room for improvement in transmission loss, amplitude and phase consistency, power capability and reliability.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned drawbacks, the present invention is directed to: (1) the coplanar waveguide transmission line has the characteristics of low transmission and radiation loss, good high-order mode suppression, small characteristic impedance and standing wave fluctuation in a wide frequency band, continuous and smooth change and the like; (2) the characteristic impedance of the coplanar waveguide is determined by the ratio of the width (W) of a signal strip line to the width (S) of a slot line, the width (W) and the length (L) of a transmission line conductor and the distance (S) between grounding conductors respectively have two variables to determine the impedance value and the phase value of a circuit and control the attenuation value of the transmission line; (3) the width of a high-impedance transmission line is increased by applying a conventional coplanar waveguide, the width of a low-impedance transmission line is controlled by applying a grounded coplanar waveguide, and the complexity of a feed port is reduced by applying a coplanar waveguide hybrid circuit, so that the circuit layout is more reasonable. The unequal-divide-into-two power divider can work at a microwave lower frequency, a broadband, low loss, high isolation, good in-band flatness, high amplitude and phase consistency and bear larger power.
The invention provides a coplanar waveguide circuit broadband (power ratio 3:2) unequal-divide-one-two power divider, which comprises: the coplanar waveguide transmission line circuit board is arranged in the shielding box; the side surface of the shielding box is respectively provided with an input end and two output ends; corresponding port circuits on the coplanar waveguide transmission line circuit board are respectively connected with the input end and the two output ends;
the coplanar waveguide transmission line circuit board sequentially comprises the following structures from top to bottom: a coplanar waveguide circuit layer, a dielectric layer and a metal layer; the metal layer is provided with a groove;
the coplanar waveguide circuit layer includes: the circuit comprises an input port, two output ports, a transmission line circuit and a plurality of resistors arranged in the transmission line circuit; the transmission line circuit is a circuit between the input port and the two output ports; the two output ports are respectively a first output port and a second output port.
Further, the characteristic impedance of the output circuit between the input port and the two output ports is different, and the impedance ratio of the core circuit is 3: 2.
Further, a circuit between the input port and the first output port, comprising:
the input port is connected with one end of the T-shaped section circuit through a grounded coplanar waveguide transmission line; the other end of the T-shaped section circuit is connected with a circuit of the first output port; and the circuit of the first output port is a grounded coplanar waveguide 50 omega impedance transmission line.
Further, the input port is connected with a first port of the T-shaped section; the second port of the T-shaped section is connected with a circuit on one side, and the third port of the T-shaped section is connected with a circuit on the other side;
the T-shaped section comprises six sections of circuits, which are respectively: are connected from left to right in sequence: the port 1 is connected with a grounded coplanar waveguide transmission line (L:6mm, W:2.1mm, S:1.5mm and transition section), and is connected with the port 1 of the T-shaped section and the T-shaped section circuit, the port 2 of the T-shaped section is connected with the first output circuit, and the port 3 of the T-shaped section is connected with the second output circuit.
First section of first output circuit (conventional coplanar waveguide 117 omega impedance transmission line, W: 2.3mm, S: 1.9 mm). The transmission line L is 10mm, the transmission line L is 5.26mm, the transmission line L is 90 mm, the transmission line L is 7mm, the transmission line L is 1mm, the transmission line L is connected with the port 2 of the T-shaped section, the port 1 of the T-shaped section is connected with the pin 1 of the resistor 100 omega, and the port 3 of the T-shaped section is connected with the first output circuit (the second section).
Second section of the first output circuit: (95 omega impedance conventional coplanar waveguide transmission line, W: 2.3mm, S:1 mm). The transmission line L is 3mm, the transmission line L is 7.5mm, the transmission line L is 90 mm, the transmission line L is 3.15mm, the transmission line L is 90 mm, the transmission line L is 7.8mm, the transmission line L is 1mm, the transmission line L is connected with 2 ports of the T-shaped section, the 1 port of the T-shaped section is connected with a 200 omega pin 1 of a resistor, the 3 ports of the T-shaped section and a first output circuit (a third section).
First output circuit third section: (78 omega impedance conventional coplanar waveguide transmission line, W: 2.3mm, S: 0.57mm), transmission line L:2.5mm, 90-degree corner cut, transmission line L:8mm, 90-degree corner cut, transmission line L:2.9mm, 90-degree corner cut, transmission line L:7.8mm, 90-degree corner cut, transmission line L:1mm, 2 ports connected with T-shaped section, 1 port connected with 300 omega pin 1 of resistor, 3 ports connected with T-shaped section, and first output circuit (fourth section).
Fourth section of the first output circuit: (67 omega impedance grounding coplanar waveguide transmission line, W: 2.3mm, S: 0.34mm), transmission line L:1.9mm, 90-degree corner cut, transmission line L:8.3mm, 90-degree corner cut, transmission line L:2.9mm, 90-degree corner cut, transmission line L:8.2mm, 90-degree corner cut, transmission line L:1mm, 2 ports connected with T-shaped section, 1 port of T-shaped section, 470 omega pin 1 connected with resistor, 3 ports connected with T-shaped section, and first output circuit (fifth section).
Fifth section of the first output circuit: (grounded coplanar waveguide 60 to 50 omega impedance transmission line, W: 1.72, mm, S: 1.2mm), transmission line L:2mm, 90-degree corner cut, transmission line L:10.59mm, 90-degree corner cut, transmission line L:2.98mm, 90-degree corner cut, transmission line L:6.11 mm. A first output circuit (sixth section).
Sixth section of the first output circuit (grounded coplanar waveguide 60 to 50 omega impedance transmission line, W: 1.92mm, S: 1.2mm), transmission line L:2mm, 90 ° chamfer turn, transmission line L:2.5mm, L:2mm, 90 ° chamfer turn, transmission line L:6.3mm, 90 ° chamfer turn, transmission line L:3mm, 90 ° chamfer turn, transmission line L:2.4mm, 90 ° chamfer turn, transmission line L:2mm, first output port (2)
The first section of the second output circuit (a conventional coplanar waveguide 75 omega impedance transmission line, W: 2.3mm, S: 1.9 mm). The transmission line L is 9.5mm, the transmission line L is 90-degree corner cut, the transmission line L is 5.26mm, the transmission line L is 90-degree corner cut, the transmission line L is 7.1mm, the transmission line L is 90-degree corner cut, the transmission line L is 1mm, the transmission line L is connected with the port 2 of the T-shaped section, the port 1 of the T-shaped section is connected with the pin 2 of the resistor 100 omega, and the port 3 of the T-shaped section is connected with the second output circuit (the second section).
Second output circuit second section: (61 omega impedance grounded coplanar waveguide transmission line, W: 1.47mm, S: 1.2 mm). 3mm of transmission line L, 6.7mm of 90-degree corner cut, 6.7mm of transmission line L, 1mm of transmission line L, 4.7mm of transmission line L, 90-degree corner cut, 6.4mm of transmission line L, 90-degree corner cut, 2 ports of T-shaped section, 1 port of T-shaped section connected with 200 omega pin 2, 3 ports of T-shaped section, and second output circuit (third section).
Second output circuit third section: (52 omega impedance conventional coplanar waveguide transmission line, W: 1.94mm, S: 1.2mm), transmission line L:1.5mm, 90-degree corner cut, transmission line L:6.8mm, 90-degree corner cut, transmission line L:3.8mm, 90-degree corner cut, transmission line L:6.6mm, 90-degree corner cut, transmission line L:2.93mm, 2 ports connected with T-shaped section, 1 port connected with resistor 300 omega pin 2 of T-shaped section, 3 ports connected with T-shaped section, second output circuit (fourth section).
Fourth section of the second output circuit: (46 omega impedance grounding coplanar waveguide transmission line, W: 2.33mm, S: 1.2mm), transmission line L:1mm, 90-degree corner cut, transmission line L:6.9mm, 90-degree corner cut, transmission line L:3.83mm, 90-degree corner cut, transmission line L:7mm, 90-degree corner cut, transmission line L:1.3mm, 2 ports connected with T-shaped section, 1 port section of T-shaped section, 470 omega pin 2 connected with resistor, 3 ports connected with T-shaped section, and second output circuit (fifth section).
Fifth section of the second output circuit: (grounded coplanar waveguide 40 to 50 omega impedance transmission line, W: 2.57, mm, S: 1.2mm), transmission line L:1mm, 90 ° corner cut, transmission line L:9mm, 90 ° corner cut, transmission line L:2.44mm, 90 ° corner cut, transmission line L:6 mm. A second output circuit (section six).
Sixth section of the second output circuit (grounded coplanar waveguide 40 to 50 omega impedance transmission line, W: 2.32mm, S: 1.2mm), transmission line L:1.8mm, 90 ° chamfer bend, transmission line L:2mm, L:2mm, 90 ° chamfer bend, transmission line L:7.4mm, 90 ° chamfer bend, transmission line L:1.4mm, 90 ° chamfer bend, transmission line L:2.2mm, 90 ° chamfer bend, transmission line L:2mm, second output port (3)
Further, the two output port circuits are respectively: grounded coplanar waveguide 50 Ω impedance transmission line, where W: 2mm, S:1.5 mm; the length of the transmission line is 2.2mm, the transmission line is bent at a 90-degree chamfer angle, the length of the transmission line L is 4.45mm, the transmission line L is bent at a 90-degree chamfer angle, the length of the transmission line L is 3.5mm, and the transmission line L is connected with an output end.
Further, the depth of the groove is 2 times S, and the width is 2S plus the width W of the transmission line.
Further, 6 sections of circuits are included in the T-shaped section, and the corner-bending and beveling rates M at three positions in each section of circuit are respectively as follows: 48.1 °, 48.5 ° and 51 °.
Further, the distance between the upper cover of the shielding box and the transmission circuit board is larger than 2S, wherein the minimum 2S is 3 mm.
The coplanar waveguide circuit broadband unequal-division-one-to-two power divider has the advantages that: the coplanar waveguide transmission line circuit board comprises a shielding box and a coplanar waveguide transmission line circuit board; the structure of the circuit board is as follows from top to bottom: a coplanar waveguide circuit layer, a dielectric layer and a metal layer; the metal layer is provided with a groove; the coplanar waveguide circuit layer includes: the circuit comprises an input port, two output ports, a transmission line circuit and a plurality of resistors arranged in the transmission line circuit; the transmission line circuit is an output circuit between the input port and the two output ports. In the power divider, the grounded coplanar waveguide is connected with each output port, so that the complexity of a feed network is reduced, and the circuit layout and design are more reasonable; a groove is dug below the metal layer in the shielding box, so that the grounding inconsistency of the CPW can be eliminated, the frequency band is widened, and the port matching and the isolation degree are improved.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a front structural view of a coplanar waveguide circuit broadband (power ratio 3:2) unequal-division-into-two power divider according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic back view of a coplanar waveguide circuit broadband (power ratio 3:2) unequal-to-two power divider according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view along line AA of fig. 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is an exploded view of a coplanar waveguide circuit broadband (power ratio 3:2) unequal-divide-by-two power divider according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic circuit diagram of the transmission circuit board 2 according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6a is a schematic front view of a PCB board of the transmission circuit board 2 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6b is another schematic front view of the PCB of the transmission circuit board 2 according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is an enlarged schematic diagram of a first section of the T-section circuit in fig. 6a or 6b according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a graph of the standing-wave ratio of the port of the power divider according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a graph illustrating insertion loss of the power divider according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 10 is a graph of isolation of the power divider according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 11 is a transmission phase diagram of the power divider according to the embodiment of the present invention.
In the drawings: 1-a shielding box; 2-a circuit board; 11-an input terminal; 12-an output terminal; 13-an output terminal; 21-a coplanar waveguide circuit layer; 211-input port; 212 — a first output port; 213-a second output port; 22-a dielectric layer; 23-a metal layer; 231-trenches.
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.
The embodiment of the invention provides a coplanar waveguide circuit broadband (power ratio 3:2) unequal-division-one-two power divider, which is shown in reference to fig. 1-2 and comprises: the shielding box comprises a shielding box 1 and a transmission circuit board 2 arranged inside the shielding box; the side surface of the shielding box is respectively provided with an input end 11, a first output end 12 and a second output end 13; the corresponding port circuits on the transmission circuit board 2 are respectively connected with the input end 11, the first output end 12 and the second output end 13;
referring to fig. 4, the structure of the transmission circuit board 2 sequentially includes, from top to bottom: a coplanar waveguide circuit layer 21, a dielectric layer 22 and a metal layer 23; a groove 231 is arranged on the metal layer; coplanar waveguide circuit layer 21 is attached to dielectric layer 22 and dielectric layer 22 is attached to metal layer 23. The metal layer 23 is not only a critical component of the circuit, but also enhances the mechanical strength of the transmission circuit board 2 in combination with the ground circuit in the coplanar waveguide circuit, providing a good heat sink for the active devices.
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view along AA in FIG. 1; for example, the thickness of the coplanar waveguide circuit layer 21 is 0.017 mm; the thickness of the medium layer 22 is 0.765 mm; the thickness of the metal layer 23 is 0.017 mm; 2-Z1, 2-Z2, 2-Z3 and 2-Z4 respectively represent the width of the shield box undercut tunnel.
The coplanar waveguide circuit layer 21 includes an input port 211, a first output port 212, a second output port 213, and an output circuit disposed between the input port 211 and the output ports 212 and 213, and 4 resistors disposed between the circuits. Wherein the input port 211 is different from the output circuits between the first output port 212 and the second output port 213.
In the power divider, the grounded coplanar waveguide is connected with each output port, so that the complexity of a feed port circuit is reduced, and the circuit layout and design are more reasonable; the grooves are arranged on the metal layer, so that the grounding inconsistency of the conventional CPW can be reduced, the frequency band can be widened, and the port matching and the isolation can be improved.
Further, the output circuit between the input port 211 and the first and second output ports 212 and 213 includes 6 transmission lines; referring to fig. 5, 6a, and 6b, the connection relationship is as follows:
connect from top to bottom in proper order: the input port 211 is connected to the grounded coplanar waveguide transmission line GCPW (L:6mm, W:2.1mm, S:1.5mm, and transition section), the first port of the T-shaped section, the T-shaped section circuit, the second port of the T-shaped section connected to the left circuit, and the third port of the T-shaped section connected to the right circuit.
As shown in fig. 6a-6b, the input port 211 to the first output port 212 circuit has 6 sections, and as shown in fig. 7, it is an enlarged schematic diagram of the first section in fig. 6a or 6 b.
A first output port 212.
Wherein, two output port circuits are respectively: grounded coplanar waveguide 50 Ω impedance transmission line, where W: 2mm, S:1.5 mm; the length of the transmission line is 2.2mm, the transmission line is bent at a 90-degree chamfer angle, the length of the transmission line is 4.45mm, the transmission line is bent at a 90-degree chamfer angle, and the length of the transmission line is 3.5mm, and the transmission line is connected with corresponding output ends 12 and 13.
Wherein L1-L24 in FIGS. 6a-6b respectively represent the length of the transmission line; in fig. 6b, R1, R2, R3, R4 respectively represent the corresponding resistances; 4-S1, 4-S2, 4-S3, 4-S4, 4-S5, 4-S6 respectively represent the distance from the edge of the transmission line in each section to the ground; 2-W1, 2-W2, 2-W3, 2-W4, 2-W5, 2-W6 and 2-W7 respectively represent the transmission line width in each section.
The conventional coplanar waveguide transmission line described above fixes the transmission line width: 2.3mm, through changing the slot width S, change impedance, reduced inhomogeneous point in the transmission line, simplified circuit design, the transmission line of broad has reduced reflection loss, has reduced the loss of transmission line conductor, has promoted circuit and circuit board reliability. According to the conventional coplanar waveguide and grounded coplanar waveguide hybrid circuit, the grounded coplanar waveguide is used in a port and a lower impedance area, the width of a transmission line is controlled, and the attenuation of the transmission line is adjusted, so that the circuit is simplified, and the circuit layout is also simplified. In addition, the connection structure of the conventional coplanar waveguide and the grounding coplanar waveguide can realize a transition structure from the grounding coplanar waveguide to the conventional coplanar waveguide through copper deposition hole grounding, and the reflection loss is reduced.
The output circuit between the input port 211 and the second output port 213 is similar in structure to the output circuit between the input port 211 and the second output port 213; the values are different, and the rest of the large areas are grounded. The grounding impedance of any two points in a large-area grounding structure or a grounding copper-clad circuit in the coplanar waveguide circuit along with the frequency change is less than 0.5 omega.
The resistor type used in the circuit is as follows: RG0805a500J1, other relevant parameters: frequency: 18GHz, size: 2mm 1.27mm 0.254mm, power: 5W, substrate: 99.6% alumina, r: 9.7, K: 29W/mK. The thermal resistance is reduced, and the parasitic parameter is low; the circuit is used for isolation between circuits, and the frequency of the product is high; the solderability and the bonding property are good.
In this embodiment, the power divider, in which a quarter-wavelength impedance transformation transmission line having a characteristic impedance of more than 65 Ω is formed of a conventional coplanar waveguide (CPW) transmission line. The input port feed circuit, the output port feed circuit and the slight impedance circuit are formed by grounded coplanar waveguides (GCPW), so that the unequal-divide-into-two power divider can work at a microwave lower frequency, a broadband, low loss, high isolation, good in-band flatness, high power bearing capacity, high amplitude and phase consistency.
Furthermore, the common coplanar waveguide T-shaped connecting circuit is designed to have a unfilled corner, and the optimal bevel rate M is 48.1 degrees; 90-degree rotation angle of transmission line: the optimal angle of the beveling rate M is 48.5 degrees; optimal slope ratio of the grounded coplanar waveguide: and M is 51 degrees.
The coplanar waveguide circuit broadband (power ratio 3:2) unequal-divide-one-two power divider provided by the embodiment of the invention utilizes a coplanar waveguide (CPW, GCPW) transmission line hybrid circuit, and has the following advantages:
1) the characteristic impedance of the conventional coplanar waveguide transmission line is determined by the ratio of the strip line width (W) to the slot width (S), so that the increase of the transmission line width (W) is not limited except for considering the occupied area, and a wider transmission line can be designed.
2) The width W and the length L of the conductor and the width S of the slot between the grounding conductors are respectively provided with two variables to change the impedance and the phase of the circuit, one path with relatively small loss needs to be added with the length (phase), and the two branch circuits can respectively finely adjust the amplitude and the phase.
3) Coplanar waveguide characteristic impedance coverage: 20-250 omega, and meets the requirement that the broadband (power ratio 3:2) unequal-division-one-two power divider needs 50-130 omega of impedance transformation and further higher power ratio.
4) The whole cascade design reduces the number of sections, reduces the size. As can be seen from fig. 8, the bandwidth and standing wave ratio of each port are greatly improved, and the frequency is from: 700 MHz-2800 MHz, S11 < -24dB, S22 and S33 < -28 dB; FIG. 9 shows that the transmission loss is reduced, S21 > -2.51dB and S31 > -4.37dB, and FIG. 10 shows that the output port isolation is greatly improved, S23 > 28 dB.
5) The coplanar waveguide circuit transmits quasi-TEM waves, the transmission line is wider, the loss of the transmission line conductor is low, and especially the loss of the transmission line with higher frequency and higher impedance in the circuit is greatly reduced.
6) The conventional coplanar waveguide can be provided with a wider transmission line width (W), the impedance is changed by changing the slot broadband (S), the main transmission line width is set to be 2.3mm, the uneven point of the transmission line is reduced and changed insignificantly, and the radiation loss is far lower than that of an unequal-division-one-two-division power divider of a microstrip circuit.
7) Due to the existence of large-area grounding, the circuit space coupling is weakened, and the isolation of an output port of an actual circuit is improved by 2-4 dB.
8) Good in-band flatness in a wide frequency band, and in-band fluctuation is reduced by 0.2 dB.
9) The circuit board is 2 times S width to the height of the shielding box cover, the characteristic impedance is reduced by about 3%, and the maximum S in the T-shaped section circuit is 1.5mm and 4.2mm in height, so that the influence can be ignored. The thickness of the shielding box is within 10 mm.
10) The grounded coplanar waveguide circuit with large-area copper-clad front and back surfaces of the circuit board has good heat dissipation performance and mechanical strength, is connected with the input port and the output port, reduces the complexity of a feed port, is mainly used in a circuit with slightly low impedance and a feed port with a power ratio of 2, can control the width of a transmission line, enables the circuit layout to be more reasonable, and bears larger power.
11) The coplanar waveguide transmission line in the circuit is wider, the requirements on the plate are reduced, and the reliability is improved.
12) As shown in fig. 4, a trench is dug under the metal layer in the shielding box, which may be called a tunnel type air bridge: height (depth) of bridge: the width is required to be more than 2 times of the groove width S, the width is 2S and the line width W is added, wherein W is 2.3mm, and S is three values of 0.9mm, 0.71mm and 0.41 mm; the circuit adopts a copper-plated through hole to connect the top-layer coplanar waveguide circuit and the ground plane. The layout of the via is important for both characteristic impedance and loss, and suppression of parasitic wave modes when the copper immersion via is placed in a circuit.
The grounding 'air bridge' of the conventional coplanar waveguide is changed into a shielding box lower digging 'tunnel' form from an upper crossing 'street bridge' form which is not suitable for lower frequency, the distance from the bottom surface of the tunnel to a transmission line is increased, namely the width of the 'bridge' is increased, the resistance is reduced, the grounding inconsistency of the conventional coplanar waveguide is eliminated, the influence of the 'bridge' on a circuit board is also reduced, the frequency band is widened, and the port matching and the isolation degree are improved.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and are not limited. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. The coplanar waveguide circuit broadband unequal-division-one-to-two power divider is characterized by comprising a shielding box and a coplanar waveguide transmission line circuit board arranged in the shielding box; the side surface of the shielding box is respectively provided with an input end, a first output end and a second output end; corresponding port circuits on the coplanar waveguide transmission line circuit board are respectively connected with the input end, the first output end and the second output end;
the coplanar waveguide transmission line circuit board sequentially comprises the following structures from top to bottom: a coplanar waveguide circuit layer, a dielectric layer and a metal layer; the metal layer is provided with a groove;
the coplanar waveguide circuit layer includes: an input port, a first output port, a second output port transmission line circuit, and a plurality of resistors disposed in the transmission line circuit; the transmission line circuit is a circuit between the input port and the first and second output ports.
2. The coplanar waveguide circuit broadband unequal-division-into-two power divider as defined in claim 1, wherein: the characteristic impedance of the circuit between the input port and the first output port and the characteristic impedance of the circuit between the input port and the second output port are different, and the impedance ratio of the core circuit is 3: 2.
3. The coplanar waveguide circuit broadband unequal-division-into-two power divider as defined in claim 1, wherein: circuitry between the input port and a first output port, comprising:
the input port is connected with one end of the T-shaped section circuit through a grounded coplanar waveguide transmission line;
the other end of the T-shaped section circuit is connected with a circuit of the first output port; and the circuit of the first output port is a grounded coplanar waveguide 50 omega impedance transmission line.
4. The coplanar waveguide circuit broadband unequal-division-into-two power divider as defined in claim 3, wherein: the input port is connected with the first port of the T-shaped section; the second port of the T-shaped section is connected with a circuit on one side, and the third port of the T-shaped section is connected with a circuit on the other side;
the T-shaped section comprises six sections of circuits which are respectively as follows:
are connected from left to right in sequence: the port 1 is connected with a grounded coplanar waveguide transmission line (L:6mm, W:2.1mm, S:1.5mm and transition section), and is connected with the port 1 of the T-shaped section and the T-shaped section circuit, the port 2 of the T-shaped section is connected with the first output circuit, and the port 3 of the T-shaped section is connected with the second output circuit.
First section of first output circuit (conventional coplanar waveguide 117 omega impedance transmission line, W: 2.3mm, S: 1.9 mm). The transmission line L is 10mm, the transmission line L is 5.26mm, the transmission line L is 90 mm, the transmission line L is 7mm, the transmission line L is 1mm, the transmission line L is connected with the port 2 of the T-shaped section, the port 1 of the T-shaped section is connected with the pin 1 of the resistor 100 omega, and the port 3 of the T-shaped section is connected with the first output circuit (the second section).
Second section of the first output circuit: (95 omega impedance conventional coplanar waveguide transmission line, W: 2.3mm, S:1 mm). The transmission line L is 3mm, the transmission line L is 7.5mm, the transmission line L is 90 mm, the transmission line L is 3.15mm, the transmission line L is 90 mm, the transmission line L is 7.8mm, the transmission line L is 1mm, the transmission line L is connected with 2 ports of the T-shaped section, the 1 port of the T-shaped section is connected with a 200 omega pin 1 of a resistor, the 3 ports of the T-shaped section and a first output circuit (a third section).
First output circuit third section: (78 omega impedance conventional coplanar waveguide transmission line, W: 2.3mm, S: 0.57mm), transmission line L:2.5mm, 90-degree corner cut, transmission line L:8mm, 90-degree corner cut, transmission line L:2.9mm, 90-degree corner cut, transmission line L:7.8mm, 90-degree corner cut, transmission line L:1mm, 2 ports connected with T-shaped section, 1 port connected with 300 omega pin 1 of resistor, 3 ports connected with T-shaped section, and first output circuit (fourth section).
Fourth section of the first output circuit: (67 omega impedance grounding coplanar waveguide transmission line, W: 2.3mm, S: 0.34mm), transmission line L:1.9mm, 90-degree corner cut, transmission line L:8.3mm, 90-degree corner cut, transmission line L:2.9mm, 90-degree corner cut, transmission line L:8.2mm, 90-degree corner cut, transmission line L:1mm, 2 ports connected with T-shaped section, 1 port of T-shaped section, 470 omega pin 1 connected with resistor, 3 ports connected with T-shaped section, and first output circuit (fifth section).
Fifth section of the first output circuit: (grounded coplanar waveguide 60 to 50 omega impedance transmission line, W: 1.72, mm, S: 1.2mm), transmission line L:2mm, 90-degree corner cut, transmission line L:10.59mm, 90-degree corner cut, transmission line L:2.98mm, 90-degree corner cut, transmission line L:6.11 mm. A first output circuit (sixth section).
Sixth section of the first output circuit (grounded coplanar waveguide 60 to 50 omega impedance transmission line, W: 1.92mm, S: 1.2mm), transmission line L:2mm, 90 ° chamfer turn, transmission line L:2.5mm, L:2mm, 90 ° chamfer turn, transmission line L:6.3mm, 90 ° chamfer turn, transmission line L:3mm, 90 ° chamfer turn, transmission line L:2.4mm, 90 ° chamfer turn, transmission line L:2mm, first output port (2)
The first section of the second output circuit (a conventional coplanar waveguide 75 omega impedance transmission line, W: 2.3mm, S: 1.9 mm). The transmission line L is 9.5mm, the transmission line L is 90-degree corner cut, the transmission line L is 5.26mm, the transmission line L is 90-degree corner cut, the transmission line L is 7.1mm, the transmission line L is 90-degree corner cut, the transmission line L is 1mm, the transmission line L is connected with the port 2 of the T-shaped section, the port 1 of the T-shaped section is connected with the pin 2 of the resistor 100 omega, and the port 3 of the T-shaped section is connected with the second output circuit (the second section).
Second output circuit second section: (61 omega impedance grounded coplanar waveguide transmission line, W: 1.47mm, S: 1.2 mm). 3mm of transmission line L, 6.7mm of 90-degree corner cut, 6.7mm of transmission line L, 1mm of transmission line L, 4.7mm of transmission line L, 90-degree corner cut, 6.4mm of transmission line L, 90-degree corner cut, 2 ports of T-shaped section, 1 port of T-shaped section connected with 200 omega pin 2, 3 ports of T-shaped section, and second output circuit (third section).
Second output circuit third section: (52 omega impedance conventional coplanar waveguide transmission line, W: 1.94mm, S: 1.2mm), transmission line L:1.5mm, 90-degree corner cut, transmission line L:6.8mm, 90-degree corner cut, transmission line L:3.8mm, 90-degree corner cut, transmission line L:6.6mm, 90-degree corner cut, transmission line L:2.93mm, 2 ports connected with T-shaped section, 1 port connected with resistor 300 omega pin 2 of T-shaped section, 3 ports connected with T-shaped section, second output circuit (fourth section).
Fourth section of the second output circuit: (46 omega impedance grounding coplanar waveguide transmission line, W: 2.33mm, S: 1.2mm), transmission line L:1mm, 90-degree corner cut, transmission line L:6.9mm, 90-degree corner cut, transmission line L:3.83mm, 90-degree corner cut, transmission line L:7mm, 90-degree corner cut, transmission line L:1.3mm, 2 ports connected with T-shaped section, 1 port section of T-shaped section, 470 omega pin 2 connected with resistor, 3 ports connected with T-shaped section, and second output circuit (fifth section).
Fifth section of the second output circuit: (grounded coplanar waveguide 40 to 50 omega impedance transmission line, W: 2.57, mm, S: 1.2mm), transmission line L:1mm, 90 ° corner cut, transmission line L:9mm, 90 ° corner cut, transmission line L:2.44mm, 90 ° corner cut, transmission line L:6 mm. A second output circuit (section six).
And the sixth section of the second output circuit (grounded coplanar waveguide 40-50 omega impedance transmission line, W: 2.32mm, S: 1.2mm), the transmission line L:1.8mm, a 90-degree corner cut, the transmission line L:2mm, the 90-degree corner cut, the transmission line L:7.4mm, the 90-degree corner cut, the transmission line L:1.4mm, the 90-degree corner cut, the transmission line L:2.2mm, the 90-degree corner cut, the transmission line L:2mm, and a second output port (3).
5. The coplanar waveguide circuit broadband unequal-division-into-two power divider as defined in claim 4, wherein: the circuits of the first output port and the second output port are respectively as follows: grounded coplanar waveguide 50 Ω impedance transmission line, wherein transmission line width W: 2mm, S:1.5 mm; the length of the transmission line is 2.2mm, the transmission line is bent at a 90-degree chamfer angle, the length of the transmission line L is 4.45mm, the transmission line L is bent at a 90-degree chamfer angle, the length of the transmission line L is 3.5mm, and the transmission line L is connected with an output end.
6. The coplanar waveguide circuit broadband unequal-division-into-two power divider as defined in claim 4, wherein: the depth of the groove is 2 times of the maximum groove width S, and the width is 2 times of the groove width S plus the transmission line width W.
7. The coplanar waveguide circuit broadband unequal-division-into-two power divider as defined in claim 4, wherein: the T-shaped section comprises 6 sections of circuits, and the bending and beveling rates (M) of three cutting angles in the circuits are respectively as follows: 48.1 °, 48.5 ° and 51 °.
8. The coplanar waveguide circuit broadband unequal-divide-by-two power divider as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein: the distance between the upper cover of the shielding box and the transmission circuit board is greater than 2 times of the groove width S, wherein the minimum 2 times of the groove width S is 3 mm.
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Effective date of registration: 20221212 Address after: No. 462, 6th Floor, Northwest, Tsinghua University, Haidian District, Beijing 100080 Applicant after: Hao Yiyi Applicant after: BEIJING HONGYUTAI TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT CO.,LTD. Address before: No. 462, 6th Floor, Northwest, Tsinghua University, Haidian District, Beijing 100080 Applicant before: Hao Yiyi |