CN111831743B - Block chain data storage system and method based on cloud storage - Google Patents
Block chain data storage system and method based on cloud storage Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a block chain data storage system and a method based on cloud storage. The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the cloud storage technology is adopted to store the block data of the block chain, so that the space limitation of local storage of a single node of the block chain network can be broken through.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of computers, in particular to a block chain data storage system and method based on cloud storage.
Background
Blockchain is a distributed computing and storage technology in the computer field, a plurality of computing nodes form a blockchain peer-to-peer network, and a consensus algorithm (POW, POS, PBFT, solo, kafka, etc.) is adopted to achieve consensus in the whole network. The blockchain technique adopts a redundant storage mode, stores complete block data in each computing node by default, and synchronizes new data blocks on the chain. The blockchain technique can provide a decentralised application environment, and each computing node of the blockchain network can provide authentication services for the authenticity and integrity of the blockdata. Currently mainstream blockchain platforms have ethernet (ethernet) and superledger (Hyperledger) with respective client tools (e.g., ethernet's get, hyperledger's Fabric).
The cloud storage is a data storage solution and technology, common cloud storage applications include network disks, cloud backup, data centers and the like, a storage space is virtualized into a storage resource pool mainly by adopting a virtualization technology, data storage and service access are provided for the outside, and a user can access data resources on the cloud storage at any time and any place through network connection. Cloud storage can provide users with on-demand storage services whose storage capacity can even exceed the storage limits of personal computing nodes.
The block data on the chain stored by the computing nodes of the block chain network is more and more huge and even exceeds the storage limit of a single node, so that the storage function of cloud storage is required urgently to solve the storage problem of the block chain.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at solving at least one of the technical problems in the prior art, and provides a block chain data storage system and a method based on cloud storage, which interact with a system control processor through serial port commands, support memory and register access, application processor state monitoring and support interactive debugging, and are simple and convenient to operate and low in cost.
The technical scheme of the invention comprises a block chain data storage system based on cloud storage, which is characterized by comprising the following components: the system comprises a blockchain network, a plurality of digital certificate lists and a digital certificate management system, wherein the blockchain network comprises a plurality of cloud storage modules and a plurality of blockchain clients, each blockchain client is in communication connection with one or more cloud storage modules in a registration mode, and each cloud storage module stores the digital certificate lists of the blockchain clients; the block chain client side performs configuration of a block data storage mode through a built-in cloud storage interface module; the blockchain client performs digital signature on the block confirmed by the client and synchronously stores the digital signature of the block to the registered cloud storage module; the cloud storage module is used for storing complete blockchain data and blockchain client information and providing interfaces for blockchain data inquiry, blockchain confirmation statistics, blockchain client identity authentication and cancellation for the blockchain clients.
According to the blockchain data storage system based on cloud storage, the cloud storage module automatically adjusts according to the number of the blockchain clients.
The blockchain data storage system based on cloud storage, wherein a cloud storage interface module is used for configuring a storage mode of the blockchain client, and the storage mode comprises storage in a local area or storage in the cloud storage module.
The blockchain data storage system based on cloud storage, wherein the digital certificate list includes a valid digital certificate and a historical digital certificate.
According to the blockchain data storage system based on cloud storage, digital signatures of the same block by a plurality of blockchain clients in the cloud storage module form a corresponding digital signature linked list.
According to the blockchain data storage system based on cloud storage, the blockchain client stores the digital signature of the block to the cloud storage module, and simultaneously backs up the Hash value and the digital signature corresponding to the block locally.
The technical scheme of the invention also comprises a block chain data storage method based on cloud storage, which is characterized in that: registering, when the storage mode of the blockchain client is configured as the cloud storage mode, registering in the cloud storage module through an interface, and storing registration information; identity authentication is carried out by the blockchain client side in a key mode according to the registration information when the blockchain client side accesses the cloud storage module; and (3) block synchronization, wherein when the block chain client accesses or builds a block newly, the cloud storage module is searched, the process of linking into the block or building the block newly is performed according to the search result, and the digital signature of the block and the block Hash are synchronized.
The blockchain data storage method based on cloud storage, wherein the registering comprises the following steps: s81, calling a registration function interface of the cloud storage module, and transmitting registration data, wherein the registration data comprises an account number, the digital certificate comprising a public key, an expiration date and registration time; s82, checking the validity of the data, including detecting the validity and the validity period of the digital certificate checked by an issuing mechanism of the digital certificate; s83, checking whether the registered account is a new account, if so, newly establishing a user account in a user information storage area, accessing a corresponding digital certificate chain into a table, and simultaneously setting registration time and validity period, wherein in step S85, if not, the step S84 is carried out; s84, taking the new digital certificate as a header element of a certificate linked list, setting registration time and validity period at the same time, and executing the step S85; s85, returning a registration result of successful or failed registration.
The blockchain data storage method based on cloud storage, wherein the identity authentication comprises the following steps: s91, the cloud storage module retrieves a corresponding effective digital certificate according to account information, and obtains a public key from the effective digital certificate; s92, the blockchain client completes interactive score authentication with the cloud storage module according to the public key; s93, after the identity authentication of the blockchain client is performed, setting the effective digital certificate of the corresponding account as a historical digital certificate, and keeping the historical digital certificate in a user information storage area, and stopping the use of the historical digital certificate.
The block chain data storage method based on cloud storage, wherein the block synchronization comprises the following steps: s101, the block chain client sends a block Hash, and the cloud storage module retrieves the block Hash in the data storage area and feeds back a retrieval result; s102, if the current block exists in the data storage area according to the search result, the block chain client sends a digital signature of the block to the client, and then step S103 is executed; if the current block does not exist in the data storage area, the blockchain client sends complete block data and a digital signature, and the step S104 is shifted to; s103, the cloud storage module links the digital signature to a digital signature linked list of the corresponding block, and the step S105 is carried out; s104, the cloud storage module links the block data into a block chain, establishes a Hash of a new block, and links the digital signature into a table, and the step S105 is carried out; s105, returning the result to the block chain client, and locally backing up the block Hash and the digital signature by the block chain client.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the cloud storage technology is adopted to store the block data of the block chain, so that the space limitation of local storage of a single node of the block chain network can be broken through.
Drawings
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and examples;
fig. 1 is a client architecture diagram of tile data cloud storage according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a block data flow diagram according to an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 3 is a network topology of blockchain cloud storage in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 4 is a block chain cloud storage module architecture diagram according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a user information structure of a data storage module according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a flowchart of a registration function module according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a flowchart of a logout function module according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 8 is a flowchart of a synchronization function module according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of embodiment 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of embodiment 2 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of an implementation of a cloud storage module according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to the present embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein the accompanying drawings are used to supplement the description of the written description so that one can intuitively and intuitively understand each technical feature and overall technical scheme of the present invention, but not to limit the scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, a number means one or more, a number means two or more, and greater than, less than, exceeding, etc. are understood to not include the present number, and above, below, within, etc. are understood to include the present number.
And a cloud storage module is newly arranged at each computing node of the blockchain network, 1 cloud storage interface module is newly arranged at a blockchain client (Geth or Fabric), and data access interaction is realized with the blockchain client (Geth or Fabric), as shown in fig. 1. And the blockchain client stores the blockdata into the cloud storage module and reads the blockdata from the cloud storage module. As an alternative, a user of the computing node may configure the blockchain client to store the blockdata in addition to the local storage module. The data flow of the blockchain is shown in fig. 2.
The network topology of the blockchain cloud storage is shown in fig. 3, and is characterized in that: the 1 block chain network is provided with a plurality of cloud storage modules; 1 blockchain client may be provided with 1 or more cloud storage modules; as the number of clients increases, the number of cloud storage modules may increase; each cloud storage module stores complete blockchain data and blockchain client information.
The block chain cloud storage module has a structure shown in fig. 4 and comprises an access interface module and a data storage module. The access interface module provides a read-write access interface for the blockchain client and mainly comprises functional modules such as identity authentication, registration, cancellation, inquiry, synchronization, statistics and the like; the data storage module is used for storing block data of the block chain, user information, digital certificates of the cloud storage module and the like.
The user information of the data storage module is shown in fig. 5. Each user information forms 1 one-way linked list, the list head is the account number of the user, the linked list stores the digital certificate list of the specific user, the digital certificate list is arranged according to the descending order of the registration time, the digital certificate with the latest registration time is the current valid digital certificate, and the other digital certificates are the historical digital certificates.
When a user deploys the blockchain client, if the blockdata storage mode is configured as cloud storage, at least 1 cloud storage module, namely a registration function module of the access interface module, needs to be set. The blockchain client invokes a registration function module of the cloud storage and at least delivers user information as in formula (1).
< account number, digital certificate containing public key, expiration date, registration time > (1)
The flow of the registration function module of the access interface module is shown in fig. 6 and described below.
Algorithm 1: registration
Input: user information data
And (3) outputting: success or failure
The flow is as follows: (1) Invoking a registration function interface of cloud storage to transfer data;
(2) The registration function performs data validity checks including verifying the validity, expiration date, etc. of the digital certificate at the issuing authority of the digital certificate. Taking Hyperledger as an example, the validity of the user digital certificate is checked on the CA Server node. If the result is legal, the step (3) is carried out, otherwise, the step (5) is carried out;
(3) It is checked whether the account is a new account. If the user account is a new account, a user account is newly built in the user information storage area, a corresponding digital certificate chain is accessed into a table, and meanwhile, registration time and validity period are set, and the step (5) is carried out; if the account number is not the new account number, the step (4) is carried out;
(4) Taking the new digital certificate as a header element of a certificate chain table, setting registration time and validity period at the same time, and turning to the step (5);
(5) And (3) ending the algorithm and returning a registration result: success or failure.
Identity authentication is needed before the functional modules such as inquiring and synchronizing of the cloud storage module are called, and the identity authentication functional module is used for authenticating the identity claimed by the blockchain client to be consistent with the true identity of the blockchain client, and the flow is shown in fig. 7 and described below.
Algorithm 2: identity authentication
Input: user account
And (3) outputting: success or failure
The flow is as follows: the method comprises the steps that (1) a blockchain client transmits user account information;
(2) Cloud storage moduleThe corresponding valid digital certificate is retrieved from the user information shown in fig. 5 according to the account information, and the public key PK is obtained therefrom B Then 1 freshness Nonce is generated using PK B Encrypting the Nonce to obtain a ciphertext C, and sending the ciphertext C to the blockchain client;
(3) The blockchain client uses its own private key SK B Decrypting C to obtain Nonce;
(4) Public key PK of cloud storage module for blockchain client A Encrypting the Nonce and sending the ciphertext C';
(5) The cloud storage module uses the private key SK of the cloud storage module A Decrypting C 'to obtain N';
(6) The cloud storage module checks whether the Nonce and the N' are equal, if so, the identity authentication is successful, and if not, the identity authentication fails;
(7) The algorithm ends, returning success or failure.
And the cancellation function module of the access interface module is used for setting the valid digital certificate of the corresponding account number as a historical digital certificate after the identity authentication of the blockchain client is carried out, and the valid digital certificate still remains in the user information storage area, but the use of the digital certificate is stopped.
The cloud storage data storage module includes block data, block Hash and terminal digital signature except the user information and the digital certificate of the cloud storage module, and is shown in fig. 4. All the block data form a chain, and the original characteristics of the block chain are maintained; each block data corresponds to 1 block Hash, and the corresponding block can be uniquely positioned according to the block Hash; the terminal digital signature is that the blockchain client signs the block Hash by using its own valid private key, and the formula (2) shows that the blockchain client has confirmed the validity of the current block, and can update the world state of the account book of the blockchain client with the current block. The digital signatures of the same block by different blockchain clients are linked in the same linked list in time sequence.
Sign(SK,Hash(Block))(2)
The synchronous function module of the access interface module refers to a process of synchronizing the blockchain after the blockchain client confirms the validity of one block. If the blockchain client is configured for local storage, storing the block into a local storage module; if the configuration is cloud storage, the block is stored in the cloud storage module. Each cloud storage module retains a complete set of blockchain data and digital signatures of the blocks by the respective registered blockchain clients. The flow of the synchronization function module is shown in fig. 8 and described below.
Algorithm 3: block synchronization
Input: block Hash, digital signature, block data (optional)
And (3) outputting: success or failure
The flow is as follows: (1) The Block chain client sends a Block Hash, i.e., hash (Block);
(2) The cloud storage module searches the block Hash in the data storage area and feeds back a search result;
(3) If the search result is Y, i.e. the current Block exists in the data storage area, the blockchain client sends a digital signature of the blockchain client to the Block, i.e. Sign (SK, hash (Block)), and the step (4) is carried out; the search result is N, namely the current block does not exist in the data storage area, the block chain client sends complete block data and digital signature, and the step (5) is carried out;
(4) The cloud storage module links the digital signature into a digital signature linked list of the corresponding block, and the step (6) is carried out;
(5) The cloud storage module links the block data into a block chain, establishes a Hash of a new block, and inputs a digital signature into a table, and then the step (6) is carried out;
(6) And returning the result to the blockchain client, wherein the blockchain client backs up the block Hash and the digital signature locally, and the algorithm is ended.
The query function module of the access interface module refers to that the blockchain client queries the self signed block data on the cloud storage module and queries the corresponding block data according to the block Hash. When inquiring the self signed block data, inputting a user account number and outputting a block Hash list; when inquiring the appointed block data, the block Hash is input, and the corresponding block data is output.
The statistics function module of the access interface module refers to that the cloud storage module externally provides the confirmation statistics data of the appointed block, the input is the block Hash, the output is the digital signature number of the corresponding block, namely the user number for confirming the validity of the block.
In an ethernet (ethernet) blockchain network environment, geth is a common blockchain client, and a storage layer of the ethernet is mainly used for storing log data and blockchain metadata generated in a running process, and a file system and a leverdb are mainly used. One of the embodiments of the present invention is to add 1 abstract interface layer between the storage layer and the data layer of Geth, and add 1 cloud storage interface module on the storage layer, as shown in fig. 9. And collecting all the block data read-write operations of the Geth to an abstract interface layer, and forwarding the block read-write request to a local storage interface or a cloud storage interface according to the configuration of the block chain client. And implementing the cloud storage interface module as a background multithreading instance, wherein each threading instance correspondingly processes the read-write access of 1 cloud storage module. The super ledger (hyper ledger) blockchain client is Fabric, similarly, in the second embodiment of the present invention, 1 cloud storage interface module is added to the storage layer of Fabric, and the block read-write request is forwarded to the local storage interface or the cloud storage interface, as shown in fig. 10.
In the Ethereum blockchain network environment, the cloud storage module is implemented by adopting a physical machine or virtual machine mode, and in the hyperspectral blockchain network environment, the cloud storage module is implemented by adopting a Docker container. An implementation of the cloud storage module is shown in fig. 11. The Web Service and Web Service of the cloud storage module provide an access interface together and externally, block metadata of a file system storage block chain and transaction (or transaction) logs are adopted, and a KV database creates keys and value data records for the block data.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made within the knowledge of one of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A blockchain data storage system based on cloud storage, the system comprising:
the system comprises a blockchain network, wherein the blockchain network comprises a plurality of cloud storage modules and a plurality of blockchain clients, each blockchain client is in communication connection with one or more cloud storage modules in a registration mode, each cloud storage module stores a digital certificate list of the blockchain client, and the registration comprises: (1) Invoking a registration function interface of cloud storage to transfer data; the registration data comprises an account number, the digital certificate comprising a public key, an expiration date and registration time; (2) The registration function module performs data validity check, including checking validity and validity period of the digital certificate in an issuing mechanism of the digital certificate, if the digital certificate is legal, turning to the step (3), otherwise turning to the step (5); (3) Checking whether the account is a new account, if so, newly establishing a user account in a user information storage area, accessing a corresponding digital certificate chain into a table, setting registration time and validity period, and turning to the step (5), and if not, turning to the step (4); (4) Taking the new digital certificate as a header element of a certificate chain table, setting registration time and validity period at the same time, and turning to the step (5); and (5) ending the algorithm, and returning a registration result: success or failure;
the block chain client side performs configuration of a block data storage mode through a built-in cloud storage interface module;
the blockchain client performs digital signature on the block confirmed by the client and synchronously stores the digital signature of the block to the registered cloud storage module;
the cloud storage module is used for storing complete blockchain data and blockchain client information and providing interfaces for block data inquiry, block confirmation statistics, blockchain client identity authentication and cancellation for the blockchain clients; the identity authentication comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps that (1) a blockchain client transmits user account information; (2) The cloud storage module retrieves a corresponding effective digital certificate from user information of account information, obtains a public key PKB from the effective digital certificate, then generates 1 new number Nonce, encrypts the Nonce by using the PKB to obtain a ciphertext C, and sends the ciphertext C to the blockchain client; (3) The blockchain client decrypts C by using the private key SKB of the client to obtain the Nonce; (4) The blockchain client encrypts the Nonce by using the public key PKA of the cloud storage module and sends the ciphertext C'; (5) The cloud storage module decrypts C 'by using the private key SKA of the cloud storage module to obtain N'; (6) The cloud storage module checks whether the Nonce and the N' are equal, if so, the identity authentication is successful, and if not, the identity authentication fails; and (7) ending the algorithm and returning success or failure.
2. The blockchain data storage system based on cloud storage of claim 1, wherein the cloud storage module automatically adjusts according to the number of blockchain clients.
3. The blockchain data storage system based on cloud storage of claim 1, wherein a cloud storage interface module is configured to configure a storage manner of the blockchain client, the storage manner including being stored locally or in the cloud storage module.
4. The cloud storage based blockchain data storage system of claim 1, wherein the list of digital certificates includes valid digital certificates and historical digital certificates.
5. The cloud storage based blockchain data storage system of claim 1, wherein digital signatures of a plurality of blockchain clients in the cloud storage module to a same block form a corresponding digital signature linked list.
6. The system of claim 1, wherein the blockchain client stores the digital signature of the block to the cloud storage module while backing up the Hash value and the digital signature corresponding to the block locally.
7. A blockchain data storage method based on cloud storage, according to any of claims 1-6, characterized in that:
registering, when the storage mode of the blockchain client is configured as the cloud storage mode, registering in the cloud storage module through an interface, and storing registration information;
identity authentication is carried out by the blockchain client side in a key mode according to the registration information when the blockchain client side accesses the cloud storage module;
and (3) block synchronization, wherein when the block chain client accesses or builds a block newly, the cloud storage module is searched, the process of linking into the block or building the block newly is performed according to the search result, and the digital signature of the block and the block Hash are synchronized.
8. The cloud storage based blockchain data storage method of claim 7, wherein the identity authentication includes:
s91, the cloud storage module retrieves a corresponding effective digital certificate according to account information, and obtains a public key from the effective digital certificate;
s92, the blockchain client completes interactive score authentication with the cloud storage module according to the public key;
s93, after the identity authentication of the blockchain client is performed, setting the effective digital certificate of the corresponding account as a historical digital certificate, and keeping the historical digital certificate in a user information storage area, and stopping the use of the historical digital certificate.
9. The cloud storage based blockchain data storage method of claim 7, wherein the block synchronization includes:
s101, the block chain client sends a block Hash, and the cloud storage module retrieves the block Hash in the data storage area and feeds back a retrieval result;
s102, if the current block exists in the data storage area according to the search result, the block chain client sends a digital signature of the block to the client, and then step S103 is executed; if the current block does not exist in the data storage area, the blockchain client sends complete block data and a digital signature, and the step S104 is shifted to;
s103, the cloud storage module links the digital signature to a digital signature linked list of the corresponding block, and the step S105 is carried out;
s104, the cloud storage module links the block data into a block chain, establishes a Hash of a new block, and links the digital signature into a table, and the step S105 is carried out;
s105, returning the result to the block chain client, and locally backing up the block Hash and the digital signature by the block chain client.
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