CN111831011A - Method for tracking and controlling plane track of underwater robot - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for tracking and controlling a plane track of an underwater robot based on a finite time disturbance observer, which comprises the following steps: designing a track tracking error system; and designing a control law. The finite time disturbance observer designed by the invention can accurately observe external disturbance by considering the complex interference situation of the underwater robot in the underwater, and realizes that the tracking error is stabilized to zero in finite time. The nonsingular terminal sliding mode designed by the invention selects the power approximation law, so that the system can be ensured to be converged in a limited time, buffeting of control input can be reduced, the control input continuity is realized, and the robustness of the system is improved. The invention provides a nonsingular terminal sliding mode control method based on a finite time disturbance observer aiming at the horizontal plane track tracking control of an underwater robot, adopts a power approximation law, and compared with the research of other people, ensures the finite time convergence of a system and ensures the continuous and smooth control input.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of motion control of underwater robots, and particularly relates to a plane trajectory tracking control method of an underwater robot based on a finite time disturbance observer.
Background
The underwater robot is a typical strong nonlinear system, and the cross coupling among the degrees of freedom is easily interfered by the outside world under the complex marine environment. This makes the research on the trajectory tracking control of underwater robots still a huge challenge.
The Daiheng et al analyzes the reason for coupling according to the motion characteristics of the underwater robot and establishes a mathematical model of the underwater robot from the perspective of reducing the control coupling effect. By means of sliding mode control and further adding coupling terms into the control quantity, a trajectory tracking control law of the underwater robot in planar motion is designed, and robustness and anti-interference capability in the tracking process are met.
Under the interference of external disturbance, although the selected sliding mode control approach law with higher gain can compensate the external disturbance, the control input curve generates buffeting and loss due to excessively high control gain.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to design a method for tracking and controlling the plane trajectory of the underwater robot based on the finite-time disturbance observer, which can ensure the finite-time convergence of a system and reduce control input buffeting.
In order to achieve the above object, the basic idea of the present invention is as follows: firstly, in order to facilitate the design of the control law, a position and speed tracking error system is defined according to an underwater robot mathematical model. Then, a horizontal plane three-degree-of-freedom nonsingular terminal sliding mode control law is designed according to the system, a finite time disturbance observer is designed aiming at the interference of external disturbance on a tracking system, the buffeting problem in the sliding process is considered, a power approximation law is adopted, the buffeting of the system is reduced under the characteristic of guaranteeing the finite time convergence of the system, and a smooth control input curve is obtained. And finally, a Lyapunov function is used for proving the stability of the system under the control law, the accurate tracking of the water surface track of the underwater robot is realized, and the MATLAB simulation is used for verifying the result.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a method for tracking and controlling a plane track of an underwater robot based on a finite time disturbance observer comprises the following steps:
A. design trajectory tracking error system
The three-degree-of-freedom mathematical model of the horizontal plane of the underwater robot is described as follows:
in the formula: the longitudinal displacement x, the transverse displacement y and the heading angle psi of the underwater robot in the inertial coordinate system are recorded as eta ═ x y psi]T(ii) a Under an attached coordinate system, the longitudinal linear velocity u, the transverse linear velocity v and the course angular velocity r of the underwater robot are recorded as upsilon ═ u v r]T(ii) a The inertial coordinate system E-XYZ takes the earth as the origin of coordinates, EZ points to the geocentric, and EX, EY and EZ are mutually vertical; the attached body coordinate system O-xyz takes the center of the underwater robot as the origin of coordinates, O-x points to the front of the motion of the underwater robot, O-y points to the right side of the underwater robot, and O-z points to the lower part of the underwater robot perpendicular to the xOy plane. . Inputting longitudinal control into tau1Transverse control input τ2And course angle control input τ3Is recorded as τ ═ τ1τ2τ3]TD represents external interference, and d is MJT(η)(t),(t)=[1 2 3]TWherein1Indicating the interference experienced in the longitudinal direction,2indicating the interference experienced in the lateral direction,3representing the disturbance of course angle, J (eta) representing the inertial coordinate system andand the attached coordinate system conversion matrix is described as follows:
m represents a mass and additional mass matrix, and M is equal to MT> 0, C (upsilon) denotes the Coriolis and centripetal force matrix, and has C (upsilon) ═ CT(upsilon), D (upsilon) represents a damping matrix, which is specifically described as:
wherein m is the mass of the underwater robot, IzIn order to be the moment of inertia,hydrodynamic derivatives, X, of longitudinal, transverse and course angle, respectivelyu,Yv,NrFirst order damping coefficients, X, for longitudinal, transverse and course angles, respectivelyu|u|,Yv|v|,Nr|r|The second order damping coefficients of the longitudinal, transverse and course angles are provided.
Based on the above models, a mathematical model of the planar three-degree-of-freedom expected trajectory is obtained, which is described as follows:
in the formula: etad=[xdydψd]TPosition, v, representing a desired trajectoryd=[udvdrd]TIndicating the speed of the desired track, τd=[τd1τd2τd3]TA control input representing a desired trajectory.
According to the above three-degree-of-freedom mathematical model, for the convenience of design, state variables are defined as follows:
in the formula: Θ ═ Θ1Θ2Θ3]T,Θd=[Θd1Θd2Θd3]T。
Then, the mathematical model of the three-degree-of-freedom desired trajectory is rewritten as:
in the formula:
also, the mathematical model of the desired trajectory is rewritten as:
in the formula:
Ω=-J(η)M-1(C(J-1(η)Θ)+D(J-1(η)Θ))J-1(η)Θ+R(Θ3)Θ
Ωd=-J(ηd)M-1(C(J-1(ηd)Θd)+D(J-1(ηd)Θd))J-1(ηd)Θd+R(Θd3)Θd
the position and velocity tracking error system obtained from equations (9) - (10) is described as follows:
B. law of design control
A finite time disturbance observer is designed aiming at external disturbance, and the external disturbance is supposed to meet the following conditions:
||d||≤E (12)
in the formula: e is a bounded constant and is positive.
In order to improve the anti-interference capability of the trajectory tracking control system, a finite time disturbance observer is designed, and is described as follows:
wherein:
in the formula: z is a radical ofi=[zi1zi2zi3]TI is 0,1,2, wherein z0Is an estimate of the matrix M upsilon, z1For external disturbancedEstimate of z2Is composed ofAn estimate of (d).
ζj=[ζj1ζj2ζj3]TJ is 0,1,2 for the state observed value of the finite time disturbance observer.
lk>0,k=1,2,3,L=diag(l1,l2,l3) Is a finite time disturbance observer parameter which is a constant. According to the formula(11) Designing a nonsingular terminal sliding mode surface, and describing as follows:
s=ηe+βΘe q/p(15)
in the formula: beta is a constant and is larger than zero, q and p are positive odd numbers, and q/p is more than 1 and less than 2.
The above formula is derived:
in conjunction with the tracking error system (11), the above equation is rewritten as:
in the formula: diag (·) denotes a diagonal matrix.
According to the above description, a nonsingular terminal sliding mode control law of the finite time disturbance observer is designed, and the following description is given:
in the formula:power approximation law representing nonsingular terminal sliding mode, Λ ═ diag (κ)1,κ2,κ3) Denotes a constant diagonal matrix, wherei> 0, i ═ 1,2,3, α is a constant, and 0 < α < 1, sgn(s) ═ sgn(s)1) sgn(s2) sgn(s3)]T。
To demonstrate that the invention is stable for a limited time, the following has been demonstrated:
the Lyapunov function is chosen and described as follows:
taking the derivative of the above formula, combining formula (17) and formula (18) yields:
order to
With respect to binding formula (21), formula (20) can be written as:
in the formula, q/p-1 is more than 0, beta is more than 0, lambda is more than 0, q and p are positive odd numbers, and the matrix delta is a positive definite matrix. Can obtain the productThe system is gradually stable according to the theorem of the gradual stability of the system.
Further, the system is proven to have a finite time convergence. According to the above formula:
in the formula: lambda [ alpha ]min(Δ) represents the minimum eigenvalue of matrix Δ.
Order to
Q=2(α+1)/2λmin(Δ) (24)
Equation (23) can be written as:
wherein 0.5 < (alpha +1)/2 < 1, and the system is stable in a limited time according to the finite time stability theorem.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. considering the complex interference situation of an underwater robot in the underwater, the invention designs a nonsingular terminal sliding mode control method (FDO-NTSMC) based on a finite time disturbance observer. The designed finite time disturbance observer can accurately observe external disturbance, and the tracking error is stabilized to zero in finite time.
2. The nonsingular terminal sliding mode designed by the invention selects the power approximation law, so that the system can be ensured to be converged in a limited time, buffeting of control input can be reduced, the control input continuity is realized, and the robustness of the system is improved.
3. The invention provides a nonsingular terminal sliding mode control method based on a finite time disturbance observer aiming at the horizontal plane track tracking control of an underwater robot, adopts a power approximation law, and compared with the research of other people, ensures the finite time convergence of a system and ensures the continuous and smooth control input.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an inertial coordinate system and an attached body coordinate system.
Fig. 2 is a horizontal plane trajectory tracking curve.
Fig. 3 is a longitudinal control input curve.
Fig. 4 is a lateral control input curve.
Fig. 5 is a course angle control input curve.
Fig. 6 is a longitudinal displacement tracking error curve.
Fig. 7 is a lateral displacement tracking error curve.
Fig. 8 is a course angle tracking error curve.
Fig. 9 is a longitudinal velocity tracking error curve.
Fig. 10 is a lateral velocity tracking error curve.
Fig. 11 is a course angular velocity tracking error curve.
FIG. 12 is a longitudinal perturbation observation error curve.
FIG. 13 is a lateral disturbance observation error curve.
FIG. 14 is a course angle disturbance observation error curve.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. As shown in fig. 1, it is a schematic diagram of an inertial coordinate system and an attached body coordinate system, where the inertial coordinate system E-XYZ takes the earth as the origin of coordinates, EZ points to the center of the earth, and EX, EY and EZ are perpendicular to each other; the attached body coordinate system O-xyz takes the center of the underwater robot as the origin of coordinates, O-x points to the front of the motion of the underwater robot, O-y points to the right side of the underwater robot, and O-z points to the lower part of the underwater robot perpendicular to the xOy plane. Since newton's law cannot be applied to an attached coordinate system, it is necessary to convert variables in the attached coordinate system to an inertial coordinate system for calculation. As shown in fig. 2, which is a horizontal plane trajectory tracking control curve, a solid line represents an actual tracking curve obtained by the method of the present invention, and a dotted line represents a desired trajectory dotted line, it can be seen that the method of the present invention can achieve accurate tracking of a trajectory. As shown in fig. 3, 4, and 5, the control input curves of the longitudinal direction, the transverse direction, and the heading angle are shown, and it can be seen from the graphs that the method provided by the present invention can obtain a smooth control input curve, and can effectively reduce buffeting. As shown in fig. 6, 7 and 8, which are graphs of lateral displacement, lateral displacement and heading angle tracking error, it can be seen that the method proposed by the present invention can stabilize the error to zero within a limited time. As shown in fig. 9, 10, and 11, which are graphs of tracking errors of lateral velocity, and heading angular velocity, it can be seen that the method of the present invention can achieve accurate tracking of velocity and angular velocity, so that the tracking error thereof is stabilized to zero within a limited time. As shown in fig. 12, 13, and 14, which are longitudinal, transverse, and course angle disturbance observation error curves, it can be seen that the method of the present invention can accurately observe external disturbance, so that the observation error can be stabilized to zero within a limited time.
The present invention is not limited to the embodiment, and any equivalent idea or change within the technical scope of the present invention is to be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A method for tracking and controlling a plane track of an underwater robot based on a finite time disturbance observer is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
A. design trajectory tracking error system
The three-degree-of-freedom mathematical model of the horizontal plane of the underwater robot is described as follows:
in the formula: the longitudinal displacement x, the transverse displacement y and the heading angle psi of the underwater robot in the inertial coordinate system are recorded as eta ═ x y psi]T(ii) a Under an attached coordinate system, the longitudinal linear velocity u, the transverse linear velocity v and the course angular velocity r of the underwater robot are recorded as upsilon ═ u v r]T(ii) a The inertial coordinate system E-XYZ takes the earth as the origin of coordinates, EZ points to the geocentric, and EX, EY and EZ are mutually vertical; the attached body coordinate system O-xyz takes the center of the underwater robot as the origin of coordinates, O-x points to the front of the motion of the underwater robot, O-y points to the right side of the underwater robot, and O-z points to the lower part of the underwater robot perpendicular to the xOy plane; (ii) a Inputting longitudinal control into tau1Transverse control input τ2And course angle control input τ3Is recorded as τ ═ τ1τ2τ3]TD represents external interference, and d is MJT(η)(t),(t)=[1 2 3]TWherein1Indicating the interference experienced in the longitudinal direction,2indicating the interference experienced in the lateral direction,3representing the interference of a course angle, and J (eta) representing a transformation matrix of an inertial coordinate system and an attached coordinate system, wherein the transformation matrix is described as follows:
m represents a mass and additional mass matrix, and M is equal to MT>0,C (upsilon) represents a Coriolis and centripetal force matrix, and has the value of C (upsilon) ═ CT(upsilon), D (upsilon) represents a damping matrix, which is specifically described as:
wherein m is the mass of the underwater robot, IzIn order to be the moment of inertia,hydrodynamic derivatives, X, of longitudinal, transverse and course angle, respectivelyu,Yv,NrFirst order damping coefficients, X, for longitudinal, transverse and course angles, respectivelyu|u|,Yv|v|,Nr|r|Second-order damping coefficients of longitudinal, transverse and course angles respectively;
based on the above models, a mathematical model of the planar three-degree-of-freedom expected trajectory is obtained, which is described as follows:
in the formula: etad=[xdydψd]TPosition, v, representing a desired trajectoryd=[udvdrd]TIndicating the speed of the desired track, τd=[τd1τd2τd3]TA control input representing a desired trajectory;
according to the above three-degree-of-freedom mathematical model, for the convenience of design, state variables are defined as follows:
in the formula: Θ ═ Θ1Θ2Θ3]T,Θd=[Θd1Θd2Θd3]T;
Then, the mathematical model of the three-degree-of-freedom desired trajectory is rewritten as:
in the formula:
also, the mathematical model of the desired trajectory is rewritten as:
in the formula:
Ω=-J(η)M-1(C(J-1(η)Θ)+D(J-1(η)Θ))J-1(η)Θ+R(Θ3)Θ
Ωd=-J(ηd)M-1(C(J-1(ηd)Θd)+D(J-1(ηd)Θd))J-1(ηd)Θd+R(Θd3)Θd
the position and velocity tracking error system obtained from equations (9) - (10) is described as follows:
B. law of design control
A finite time disturbance observer is designed aiming at external disturbance, and the external disturbance is supposed to meet the following conditions:
||d||≤E (12)
in the formula: e is a bounded constant and is positive;
in order to improve the anti-interference capability of the trajectory tracking control system, a finite time disturbance observer is designed, and is described as follows:
wherein:
in the formula: z is a radical ofi=[zi1zi2zi3]TI is 0,1,2, wherein z0Is an estimate of the matrix M upsilon, z1For external disturbancedEstimate of z2Is composed ofAn estimated value of (d);
ζj=[ζj1ζj2ζj3]Tthe state observed value of the finite time disturbance observer is j equal to 0,1, 2;
the nonsingular terminal sliding mode surface is designed according to equation (11), and is described as follows:
s=ηe+βΘe q/p(15)
in the formula: beta is a constant and is larger than zero, q and p are positive odd numbers, and q/p is more than 1 and less than 2;
the above formula is derived:
in conjunction with the tracking error system (11), the above equation is rewritten as:
in the formula: diag (·) denotes a diagonal matrix;
according to the above description, a nonsingular terminal sliding mode control law of the finite time disturbance observer is designed, and the following description is given:
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CN112286227A (en) * | 2020-11-03 | 2021-01-29 | 西北工业大学 | Underwater robot track control method and system based on differential tracker and disturbance observer |
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CN113110530A (en) * | 2021-04-16 | 2021-07-13 | 大连海事大学 | Underwater robot path planning method for three-dimensional environment |
CN113110530B (en) * | 2021-04-16 | 2023-11-21 | 大连海事大学 | Underwater robot path planning method for three-dimensional environment |
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