CN111829117A - Rail transit vehicle air conditioning unit based on moisture storage heat exchanger - Google Patents
Rail transit vehicle air conditioning unit based on moisture storage heat exchanger Download PDFInfo
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- CN111829117A CN111829117A CN202010769599.0A CN202010769599A CN111829117A CN 111829117 A CN111829117 A CN 111829117A CN 202010769599 A CN202010769599 A CN 202010769599A CN 111829117 A CN111829117 A CN 111829117A
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- moisture storage
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- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002274 desiccant Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 32
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 30
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 23
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 23
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007791 dehumidification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
- F24F5/0007—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning
- F24F5/001—Compression cycle type
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
- B61D27/00—Heating, cooling, ventilating, or air-conditioning
- B61D27/0018—Air-conditioning means, i.e. combining at least two of the following ways of treating or supplying air, namely heating, cooling or ventilating
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/88—Electrical aspects, e.g. circuits
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/89—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
- F24F13/30—Arrangement or mounting of heat-exchangers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
- F24F3/12—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling
- F24F3/14—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification
- F24F3/1405—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification in which the humidity of the air is exclusively affected by contact with the evaporator of a closed-circuit cooling system or heat pump circuit
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
- F24F3/12—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling
- F24F3/14—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification
- F24F2003/144—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification by dehumidification only
- F24F2003/1446—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification by dehumidification only by condensing
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T30/00—Transportation of goods or passengers via railways, e.g. energy recovery or reducing air resistance
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a rail transit vehicle air conditioning unit based on a moisture storage heat exchanger, which comprises a plurality of air supply modules, wherein each air supply module comprises a mounting frame, a first fan arranged on the mounting frame and a flow guide ring arranged on the first fan; the compressor module comprises a plurality of compressors and a gas-liquid separator communicated with the compressors, and the compressors are connected with a four-way reversing valve and a first electronic expansion valve; the heat exchange modules comprise a second fan and a moisture storage heat exchanger, and the moisture storage heat exchanger is communicated with the compressor; a plurality of racks, the racks including a plurality of first chambers, a plurality of second chambers, and a plurality of third chambers; a plurality of first air path switching mechanisms; and the second air path switching mechanisms are arranged. The air conditioner can solve the problems that the existing air conditioner for the rail transit vehicle is low in energy efficiency all the year round, overlarge in power consumption and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rail transit air conditioners, in particular to a rail transit vehicle air conditioning unit based on a moisture storage heat exchanger.
Background
The rail transit vehicle air conditioner is a second electric user of a vehicle except traction power, taking a six-section marshalled subway vehicle as an example, the total power consumption of the air conditioner per year of each train is about 25-40 ten thousand kWh (the total power consumption of the air conditioner is greatly changed along with climates and passenger flow of different vehicle types and different areas).
However, the existing air conditioner for the rail transit vehicle is low in annual energy efficiency ratio, the rated refrigeration energy efficiency ratio COP is generally between 2.0 and 2.4, an electric heater is mostly adopted in a heating mode, the energy efficiency ratio is 1, and the air conditioning unit in a ventilation mode is large in air resistance and ventilation power consumption.
In recent years, the pressure of electricity consumption in various metro companies, vehicle manufacturers, air conditioner suppliers and the like is pressing, and a method for reducing the energy consumption of the air conditioner of the rail transit vehicle is being sought.
Based on the air-conditioning heat pump theory of the moisture storage heat exchanger, the rated refrigeration working condition COP of the air conditioner of the rail transit vehicle can be improved to 4.0-5.0 from the existing 2.0-2.4 aiming at the special requirements of the air conditioner of the rail transit vehicle, the heat pump is adopted for heating in winter, the COP of the heat pump under the rated working condition can reach 2.5-3.0, and meanwhile, the ventilation mode can reduce the internal air resistance of the air conditioning unit, thereby reducing the ventilation power consumption.
By combining the measures, the energy is expected to be saved by more than 50% all the year round compared with the energy saved by the traditional rail transit vehicle air conditioner. Meanwhile, the problems of defrosting of a heat pump in winter, drying in a vehicle in winter, leakage of condensed water in summer, overlarge emergency ventilation power consumption and the like can be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the embodiment of the invention provides a rail transit vehicle air conditioning unit based on a moisture storage heat exchanger, which can solve the problems of low energy efficiency, overlarge power consumption and the like of the conventional rail transit vehicle air conditioner all the year round.
In order to achieve the above object, the embodiment of the present application discloses a rail transit vehicle air conditioning unit based on a moisture storage heat exchanger, including:
the air supply modules comprise mounting frames, first fans arranged on the mounting frames and guide rings arranged on the first fans;
the compressor module comprises a plurality of compressors and a gas-liquid separator communicated with the compressors, and the compressors are connected with a four-way reversing valve and a first electronic expansion valve;
the heat exchange modules comprise a second fan and a moisture storage heat exchanger, and the moisture storage heat exchanger is communicated with the compressor;
a plurality of racks, the racks including a plurality of first chambers, a plurality of second chambers, and a plurality of third chambers; the air supply module and the compressor module are arranged in the first cavity, the first cavity is communicated with the second cavity through the first fan, the heat exchange module is arranged in the third cavity, and the third cavity is provided with at least one first opening, at least one second opening and at least one third opening; the third opening is connected with the third chamber through a second fan; a third chamber is respectively arranged on two sides of the first chamber and is communicated with the first chamber through a fourth opening;
the first air path switching mechanisms comprise slide rails arranged on the third chamber, two first air doors arranged on the slide rails and a second air door in transmission connection with one first air door, the first air doors can move back and forth on the slide rails and are used for opening and closing the first openings, and the second air doors are used for closing and opening the fourth openings;
the second air path switching mechanism comprises a first rotating shaft and a third air door which is sleeved on the rotating shaft, the third air door can rotate on the first rotating shaft, the third air door is arranged in the third cavity, and the third air door and the first rotating shaft are arranged between the first opening and the second opening.
Preferably, the moisture storage heat exchanger is connected with a second electronic expansion valve, the moisture storage heat exchanger is provided with a filter, and the surface of the moisture storage heat exchanger is coated with a layer of desiccant coating.
Preferably, the first fan is a back-to-back centrifugal fan.
Preferably, the compressor module further comprises a high pressure sensor and a low pressure sensor.
Preferably, the moisture storage heat exchanger can adopt a tube-fin heat exchanger or a micro-channel heat exchanger.
Preferably, the compressor adopts a vertical duplex compressor or a variable frequency compressor, and the air supply is a horizontal air supply mode.
Preferably, the second air door is arranged in the third cavity through a second rotating shaft, the first air door and the second air door are in transmission connection through a first rod body and a second rod body, one end of the first rod body is connected with the first air door, the other end of the first rod body is in pivot connection with one end of the second rod body, and the other end of the second rod body is connected with the second air door;
when the first damper closes the first opening, the second damper opens the fourth opening;
the second damper closes the fourth opening when the first damper opens the first opening.
Preferably, the first air path switching mechanism further comprises a screw rod, the screw rod is in transmission connection with the first air door, a motor is in transmission connection with the screw rod, and the motor can drive the first air door to move on the slide rail through the screw rod.
Preferably, the rail transit vehicle air conditioning unit based on the moisture storage heat exchanger further comprises an electrical control module, and the electrical control module comprises a controller, a relay, a power connector and an air switch.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. based on the air-conditioning heat pump theory of the moisture storage heat exchanger, the invention can improve the rated refrigeration working condition COP of the air conditioner of the rail transit vehicle from the prior 2.0-2.4 to 4.0-5.0 aiming at the special requirements of the air conditioner of the rail transit vehicle, adopts the heat pump for heating in winter, and can ensure that the COP of the heat pump can reach 2.5-3.0 under the rated working condition, and simultaneously, the ventilation mode can reduce the resistance of the heat exchanger, thereby reducing the ventilation power consumption. By combining the measures, the energy is expected to be saved by more than 50% all the year round compared with the energy saved by the traditional rail transit vehicle air conditioner;
2. the invention solves the problems of heat pump defrosting in winter, humidifying in winter, condensed water leakage in summer, overlarge emergency ventilation power consumption and the like based on the air-conditioning heat pump theory of the humidity storage heat exchanger.
In order to make the aforementioned and other objects, features and advantages of the invention comprehensible, preferred embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a rail transit vehicle air conditioning unit based on a humidity storage heat exchanger in the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is an internal structure diagram of a rail transit vehicle air conditioning unit based on a moisture storage heat exchanger in the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a rail transit vehicle air conditioning unit based on a moisture storage heat exchanger in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic bottom structure diagram of a rail transit vehicle air conditioning unit based on a humidity storage heat exchanger in the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a second cavity of the air conditioning unit of the rail transit vehicle based on the humidity storage heat exchanger in the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a desiccant coating of a rail transit vehicle air conditioning unit based on a humidity storage heat exchanger in the embodiment of the invention;
reference numerals of the above figures:
1. a mounting frame; 11. a first fan; 12. a flow guide ring;
2. a compressor; 21. a gas-liquid separator;
3. a second fan; 31. a moisture storage heat exchanger;
4. a frame; 41. a first chamber; 42. a second chamber; 43. a third chamber; 44. a first opening; 45. a second opening; 46. a third opening;
5. a first air path switching mechanism; 51. a slide rail; 52. a first damper; 53. a second damper; 56. a second rotating shaft; 57. a first rod body; 58. a second rod body;
6. a second air path switching mechanism; 61. a third damper; 62. a first rotating shaft;
7. and (4) coating a drying agent.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first," "second," etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a rail transit vehicle air conditioning unit based on a moisture storage heat exchanger 31.
In this embodiment, referring to fig. 1, one rail transit vehicle air conditioning unit based on the humidity storage heat exchanger 31 includes a frame 4, an air supply module, a compressor module, and two heat exchange modules.
Referring to fig. 2, the frame 4 includes a first chamber 41, a second chamber 42, and two third chambers 43.
Referring to fig. 2, the air supply module includes a mounting bracket 1, a first fan 11 disposed on the mounting bracket 1, and a baffle ring 12 disposed on the first fan 11.
In the following implementation, the first fan 11 is a centrifugal fan facing away from the fan. The first fan 11 is to send the air in the first chamber 41 into the second chamber 42, and a centrifugal fan facing away from the first chamber is used, so that the whole flow field is smooth, and the resistance and the air flow noise of the whole flow channel are small.
The compressor 2 module comprises two compressors 2 and a gas-liquid separator 21 communicated with the compressors 2, wherein the compressors 2 are connected with a four-way reversing valve and a first electronic expansion valve.
In this embodiment, the compressor 2 module further includes a high pressure sensor and a low pressure sensor for detecting the pressure of the compressor 2 to ensure safety. The compressor 2 adopts a vertical duplex compressor 2 or a variable frequency compressor 2, and the air supply is a horizontal air supply mode.
Referring to fig. 3, the heat exchange module includes a second fan 3 and a moisture storage heat exchanger 31, and the moisture storage heat exchanger 31 is communicated with the compressor 2.
Referring to fig. 2, the air supply module and the compressor 2 module are disposed in the first chamber 41, the first chamber 41 is communicated with the second chamber 42 through the first fan 11, and the two heat exchange modules are disposed in the two third chambers 43.
Referring to fig. 1 or fig. 2, the third chamber 43 is provided with a first opening 44, a second opening 45 and a third opening 46.
Further, referring to fig. 3, the third opening 46 is connected to the third chamber 43 through the second fan 3.
Referring to fig. 2, the third chamber 43 is communicated with the first chamber 41 through a fourth opening.
Further, referring to fig. 2, the two first air path switching mechanisms 5 are respectively disposed in the two third cavities 43, each first air path switching mechanism 5 includes two first air doors 52 disposed on the slide rail 51 and the third cavity 43, and a second air door 53 in transmission connection with one first air door 52, the first air doors 52 can move back and forth on the slide rail 51 to open and close the first openings 44, and the second air doors 53 are used to close and open the fourth openings.
Referring to fig. 2, the second damper 53 is disposed in the third cavity through a second rotating shaft 56, the first damper 52 and the second damper 53 are in transmission connection through a first rod 57 and a second rod 58, one end of the first rod 57 is connected to the first damper 52, the other end of the first rod 57 is pivotally connected to one end of the second rod 58, and the other end of the second rod 58 is connected to the second damper 53; when the first damper 52 closes the first opening 44, the second damper 53 opens the fourth opening; when the first damper 52 opens the first opening 44, the second damper 53 closes the fourth opening.
Referring to fig. 2, the first air path switching mechanism 5 further includes a screw rod, the screw rod is in transmission connection with the first air door 52, and the screw rod is in transmission connection with a motor, and the motor can drive the first air door 52 to move on the slide rail 51 through the screw rod.
Further, referring to fig. 3, two second air path switching mechanisms 6 are respectively disposed in the two third cavities 43, each second air path switching mechanism 6 includes a first rotating shaft 62 and a third damper 61 sleeved on the rotating shaft, the third damper 61 is capable of rotating on the first rotating shaft 62, the third damper 61 is disposed in the third cavity, and the third damper 61 and the first rotating shaft 62 are disposed between the first opening 44 and the second opening 45.
It can be understood that the first air path switching mechanism 5 is controlled by a servo motor and a screw rod, and has fast action and high precision. The servo motor is adopted for control, the action is fast, and the precision is high.
Further, referring to fig. 3, a second electronic expansion valve is connected to the humidity storing heat exchanger 31, and a filter is disposed on the humidity storing heat exchanger 31.
Further, referring to fig. 6, the surface of the fin of the moisture storage heat exchanger 31 is coated with a desiccant coating 7.
It will be appreciated that the desiccant coating may be a silica gel desiccant.
The drying agent coating 7 is a high-efficiency drying agent coating, and has large adsorption capacity and low desorption temperature.
Referring to fig. 1, the rail transit vehicle air conditioning unit based on the moisture storage heat exchanger 31 is installed on the rail transit, the middle part of the frame 4 is used as a boundary, the upper part is installed outside the vehicle body, the lower part is installed inside the vehicle body, outdoor air is sucked from the outside of the vehicle (sucked from the third opening 46), indoor air is sucked from the inside of the vehicle (sucked from the second opening 45), mixed air formed by fresh air and return air,
in this embodiment, the moisture storage heat exchanger 31 may be a tube-fin heat exchanger or a microchannel heat exchanger.
With the above structure, referring to fig. 1, in the cooling mode, the compressor 2 is turned on, the exhaust gas of the compressor 2 enters the condensing chamber through the four-way reversing valve (the third cavity on the left side is the condensing chamber, and the heat exchange chamber in the third cavity on the left side is used for condensation), and then flows into the evaporating chamber (the third cavity on the right side is the evaporating chamber, and the heat exchange chamber in the third cavity on the right side is used for evaporation).
Referring to fig. 2, the first damper 52 of the evaporation chamber starts to fold inward under the driving of the screw rod and the stepping motor, the first damper 52 moves to drive the first rod 57 and the second rod 58 to move, so that the second damper 53 opens the fourth opening, so that the passage between the third cavity and the first cavity serving as the evaporation chamber is opened, the evaporation chamber starts to evaporate, the two humidity storage heat exchangers 31 of the evaporation chamber serve as evaporators, the second air path switching mechanism 6 of the evaporation chamber adjusts the third damper 61 to a proper position according to the ratio of outdoor air and indoor air, the outdoor air is sucked from the outside of the vehicle through the third air port, the indoor air is sucked from the inside of the vehicle through the second opening 45, the mixed air formed by the outdoor air and the indoor air passes through the filter, is cooled and dehumidified through the two humidity storage heat exchangers 31, and enters the first chamber 41 through the fourth opening of the evaporation chamber after being cooled and dehumidified, the air after temperature reduction and dehumidification is sucked by the first fan 11 and enters the carriage through the second chamber 42 at the bottom of the frame 4, so that the carriage is cooled and dehumidified.
In the process of temperature reduction and dehumidification, the desiccant coatings 7 on the surfaces of the two humidity storage heat exchangers 31 of the evaporation chamber absorb moisture in the mixed air and generate adsorption heat, the adsorption heat and sensible heat of the air are taken away by the refrigerant in the humidity storage heat exchangers 31, and the moisture in the air is stored in the desiccant coatings 7 of the humidity storage heat exchangers 31.
Referring to fig. 2, correspondingly, the first damper 52 of the first air path switching mechanism 5 of the condensation chamber starts to open outwards under the driving of the screw rod and the stepping motor, the first damper 52 drives the first rod 57 and the second rod 58 to move, further, the first rod 57 and the second rod 58 drive the second damper 53 to cover the fourth opening, so that the channel between the third chamber 43 and the first chamber 41 serving as the condensation chamber is closed, the evaporation chamber starts to condense, and the two humidity storage heat exchangers 31 of the evaporation chamber function as condensers.
Referring to fig. 3, the second air path switching mechanism 6 of the condensation chamber adjusts the third damper 61 to a proper position according to the ratio of the outdoor air and the indoor air, the outdoor air is sucked from the outside of the vehicle through the third opening 46, the indoor air is sucked from the inside of the vehicle through the second opening 45, the outdoor air and the indoor air are mixed, filtered by the filter of the evaporation chamber, and then flow into the two moisture storage heat exchangers 31 of the evaporation chamber, and the condensed air after the condensed heat is absorbed by the moisture storage heat exchangers 31 is discharged to the atmosphere through the second fan 3 in the evaporation chamber.
During condensation, the desiccant coating 7 of the moisture-storing heat exchanger 31 of the evaporation chamber contains moisture (moisture absorbed when used as an evaporator), which is desorbed by the heat of condensation. When the desiccant coating 7 of the moisture storage heat exchanger 31 of the evaporation chamber absorbs moisture, the four-way reversing valve action switching refrigeration system cooperates with the first air path switching mechanism 5 and the second air path switching mechanism 6, so that the right third cavity 43 originally serving as the evaporation chamber is switched to the condensation chamber, and the left third cavity originally serving as the condensation chamber is switched to the evaporation chamber, thereby completing a cycle.
In the cooling and dehumidifying process, due to the adsorption effect of the drying agent coating 7, moisture in the air can be adsorbed at a temperature higher than the dew point temperature of the air, so that the evaporation temperature of the evaporator can be increased, the designed evaporation temperature of the traditional rail transit vehicle air conditioner is about 5 ℃, the evaporation temperature can be increased to about 15 ℃ based on the design of the heat exchange chamber, and the energy efficiency ratio of the moisture storage heat exchanger 31 is greatly increased due to the increase of the evaporation temperature.
Meanwhile, since the moisture in the air is directly adsorbed by the desiccant coating 7 and stored in the desiccant coating 7, no condensed water is generated in the entire process.
In the condensation process, because the moisture stored in the drying agent coating 7 is desorbed in a large amount, a large amount of heat is absorbed in the desorption process, the condensation effect is good, the condensation temperature of the traditional rail transit vehicle air conditioner design is about 55 ℃, and the condensation temperature of the heat exchange chamber-based moisture storage heat exchanger 31 is controllable about 40 ℃, and the reduction of the condensation temperature is helpful for improving the energy efficiency ratio of the air-conditioning heat pump.
Meanwhile, part of condensation heat is absorbed when moisture stored in the drying agent coating 7 is desorbed, and the rest part is taken away by air sucked by the condensation fan, so that the condensation air quantity can be reduced, the power consumption of the condensation fan is reduced, and the energy efficiency ratio of the air conditioning system is improved. In addition, the addition of indoor air can reduce the inlet temperature of the condensed air and improve the condensation effect.
In the heating mode, referring to fig. 2, the compressor 2 is turned on, and the exhaust gas from the compressor 2 enters the evaporation chamber through the four-way reversing valve and then flows into the condensation chamber (the four-way reversing valve can switch the current system between condensation and evaporation).
Referring to fig. 2, the first damper 52 of the first air path switching mechanism 5 on the evaporation chamber starts to close inward under the driving of the lead screw and the stepping motor, the first opening 44 is closed, the movement of the first damper 52 drives the second damper 53 to leave the fourth opening, so that the passage between the evaporation chamber and the first chamber 41 is opened, the evaporation chamber starts to evaporate, the two moisture storage heat exchangers 31 serve as evaporators, the second air path switching mechanism 6 adjusts the third damper 61 to a proper position according to the ratio of the outdoor air and the indoor air, the outdoor air is sucked from the outside of the vehicle, the indoor air is sucked from the inside of the vehicle, the mixed air formed by the outdoor air and the indoor air is filtered by the filter and flows into the two moisture storage evaporators of the evaporation chamber to be heated, then enters the first chamber 41 through the fourth opening, is sucked into the second chamber 42 by the first fan 11, and is sent to the inside of the vehicle compartment through the second chamber 42, thereby heating the vehicle cabin.
Referring to fig. 2, correspondingly, in the cooling and dehumidifying process, the first damper 52 of the condensing chamber starts to open outwards under the driving of the screw and the stepping motor, the movement of the first damper 52 drives the second damper 53 to cover the fourth opening, so that the passage between the condensing chamber and the first chamber 41 is closed, the condensing chamber starts to condense, and the two humidity storage heat exchangers 31 are used as condensers. The second air path switching mechanism 6 of the condensation chamber adjusts the third damper 61 to a proper position according to the ratio of the outdoor air to the indoor air, and the outdoor air is sucked from the outside of the vehicle and the indoor air is sucked from the inside of the vehicle. Outdoor air and indoor air are mixed, filtered by a filter of the condensing chamber and then flow into the two moisture storage heat exchangers 31, and condensed air is discharged into the atmosphere through the second fan 3 in the condensing chamber after being absorbed with heat.
In the evaporation process, the traditional heat pump can frost an outdoor evaporator when working, the heat pump needs to defrost after frosting, but the heat pump air conditioner based on the moisture storage heat exchanger 31 is switched when the moisture storage heat exchanger 31 (evaporator) has a frosting trend, the evaporation chamber is switched into an indoor condensation chamber, the moisture storage heat exchanger 31 cannot frost under a normal control condition, in addition, the addition of indoor air can improve the inlet temperature of outdoor air, and the heat pump effect is improved.
In the ventilation mode or the emergency ventilation mode, the first air path switching mechanism 5 and the second air path switching mechanism 6 of the evaporation chamber and the condensation chamber respectively adjust the first air door 52, the second air door 53 and the third air door 61 to proper positions (full outdoor air in the emergency ventilation mode, no indoor air), the two second air doors 53 are all opened on the fourth opening, fresh air is sucked from the outside of the vehicle, filtered by the filter screen and enters the third chamber 43, sucked by the first fan 11 and respectively sent into the second chamber 42, and sent into the carriage through the second chamber 42.
In the ventilation or emergency ventilation mode, since the same amount of air passes through all the moisture storage heat exchangers 31, the filters and the air ducts of the two third chambers 43, the air speed passing through the respective components is reduced by half, the ventilation resistance is greatly reduced, and the power consumption of the fan in the ventilation or emergency ventilation mode is reduced. The reduction of the power consumption of the ventilator in the emergency ventilation mode contributes to the extension of the emergency ventilation time.
Based on the air-conditioning heat pump theory of the moisture storage heat exchanger 31, the invention can improve the rated refrigeration working condition COP of the air conditioner of the rail transit vehicle from the prior 2.0-2.4 to 4.0-5.0 aiming at the special requirements of the air conditioner of the rail transit vehicle, adopts the heat pump for heating in winter, and can reduce the heat exchanger resistance in the ventilation mode so as to reduce the ventilation power consumption. By combining the measures, the energy is expected to be saved by more than 50% all the year round compared with the energy saved by the traditional rail transit vehicle air conditioner.
The invention is based on the air-conditioning heat pump theory of the humidity storage heat exchanger 31, and solves the problems of heat pump defrosting in winter, humidification in winter, condensed water leakage in summer, overlarge emergency ventilation power consumption and the like.
The principle and the implementation mode of the invention are explained by applying specific embodiments in the invention, and the description of the embodiments is only used for helping to understand the method and the core idea of the invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, there may be variations in the specific embodiments and the application scope, and in summary, the content of the present specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a rail transit vehicle air conditioning unit based on store up wet heat exchanger which characterized in that includes:
the air supply modules comprise mounting frames, first fans arranged on the mounting frames and guide rings arranged on the first fans;
the compressor module comprises a plurality of compressors and a gas-liquid separator communicated with the compressors, and the compressors are connected with a four-way reversing valve and a first electronic expansion valve;
the heat exchange modules comprise a second fan and a moisture storage heat exchanger, and the moisture storage heat exchanger is communicated with the compressor;
a plurality of racks, the racks including a plurality of first chambers, a plurality of second chambers, and a plurality of third chambers; the air supply module and the compressor module are arranged in the first cavity, the first cavity is communicated with the second cavity through the first fan, the heat exchange module is arranged in the third cavity, and the third cavity is provided with at least one first opening, at least one second opening and at least one third opening; the third opening is connected with the third chamber through a second fan; a third chamber is respectively arranged on two sides of the first chamber and is communicated with the first chamber through a fourth opening;
the first air path switching mechanisms comprise slide rails arranged on the third chamber, two first air doors arranged on the slide rails and a second air door in transmission connection with one first air door, the first air doors can move back and forth on the slide rails and are used for opening and closing the first openings, and the second air doors are used for closing and opening the fourth openings;
the second air path switching mechanism comprises a first rotating shaft and a third air door which is sleeved on the rotating shaft, the third air door can rotate on the first rotating shaft, the third air door is arranged in the third cavity, and the third air door and the first rotating shaft are arranged between the first opening and the second opening.
2. The rail transit vehicle air conditioning unit based on the moisture storage heat exchanger as claimed in claim 1, wherein a second electronic expansion valve is connected to the moisture storage heat exchanger, a filter is arranged on the moisture storage heat exchanger, and a desiccant coating is coated on the surface of the moisture storage heat exchanger.
3. The track transportation vehicle air conditioning unit based on a moisture storage heat exchanger as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first fan is a centrifugal fan facing away from the track transportation vehicle.
4. The track traffic vehicle air conditioning unit based on a moisture storing heat exchanger as set forth in claim 1, wherein the compressor module further comprises a high pressure sensor and a low pressure sensor.
5. The rail transit vehicle air conditioning unit based on the moisture storage heat exchanger as claimed in claim 1, wherein the moisture storage heat exchanger can adopt a tube fin type heat exchanger or a micro-channel type heat exchanger.
6. The rail transit vehicle air conditioning unit based on the moisture storage heat exchanger as claimed in claim 1, wherein the compressor is a vertical duplex compressor or a frequency conversion compressor, and the air supply is a horizontal air supply mode.
7. The track transportation vehicle air conditioning unit based on the moisture storage heat exchanger as claimed in claim 1, wherein the second air door is arranged in the third cavity through a second rotating shaft, the first air door and the second air door are in transmission connection through a first rod body and a second rod body, one end of the first rod body is connected with the first air door, the other end of the first rod body is in pivotable connection with one end of the second rod body, and the other end of the second rod body is connected with the second air door;
the second damper opens the fourth opening when the first damper closes the first opening;
when the first damper opens the first opening, the second damper closes the fourth opening.
8. The rail transit vehicle air conditioning unit based on the moisture storage heat exchanger as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first air path switching mechanism further comprises a screw rod, the screw rod is in transmission connection with the first air door, a motor is in transmission connection with the screw rod, and the motor can drive the first air door to move on the slide rail through the screw rod.
9. The track traffic vehicle air conditioning unit based on a moisture storage heat exchanger as set forth in claim 1, wherein the track traffic vehicle air conditioning unit based on a moisture storage heat exchanger further comprises an electrical control module, the electrical control module comprising a controller, a relay, a power connector, and an air switch.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010769599.0A CN111829117B (en) | 2020-08-03 | 2020-08-03 | Rail transit vehicle air conditioning unit based on humidity storage heat exchanger |
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| CN202010769599.0A CN111829117B (en) | 2020-08-03 | 2020-08-03 | Rail transit vehicle air conditioning unit based on humidity storage heat exchanger |
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| CN213020075U (en) * | 2020-08-03 | 2021-04-20 | 克诺尔轨道车辆系统企业管理(北京)有限公司 | Rail transit vehicle air conditioning unit based on moisture storage heat exchanger |
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| CN111829117B (en) | 2024-07-09 |
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