CN111828850A - Large-area uniform illumination system based on aspheric lens surface shape numerical reconstruction - Google Patents

Large-area uniform illumination system based on aspheric lens surface shape numerical reconstruction Download PDF

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CN111828850A
CN111828850A CN202010681426.3A CN202010681426A CN111828850A CN 111828850 A CN111828850 A CN 111828850A CN 202010681426 A CN202010681426 A CN 202010681426A CN 111828850 A CN111828850 A CN 111828850A
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lens
light
light source
aspheric lens
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CN111828850B (en
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吴仍茂
丁章浩
刘映利
郑臻荣
刘旭
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Yejia Optical Technology Guangdong Corp
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21K—NON-ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES USING LUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING ELECTROCHEMILUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING CHARGES OF COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL; LIGHT SOURCES USING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES AS LIGHT-GENERATING ELEMENTS; LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21K9/00—Light sources using semiconductor devices as light-generating elements, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] or lasers
    • F21K9/20—Light sources comprising attachment means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V5/00—Refractors for light sources
    • F21V5/007—Array of lenses or refractors for a cluster of light sources, e.g. for arrangement of multiple light sources in one plane
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V5/00—Refractors for light sources
    • F21V5/04—Refractors for light sources of lens shape
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T17/00—Three dimensional [3D] modelling, e.g. data description of 3D objects
    • G06T17/10—Constructive solid geometry [CSG] using solid primitives, e.g. cylinders, cubes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
    • F21Y2115/00—Light-generating elements of semiconductor light sources
    • F21Y2115/10—Light-emitting diodes [LED]

Abstract

The invention discloses a large-area uniform illumination system based on aspheric lens surface shape numerical reconstruction, and belongs to the technical field of non-imaging optics and expanded light source beam shaping. The system comprises a plurality of array units which are arranged along the two directions of rows and columns at equal intervals and have the same structure; the array unit is composed of an aspheric lens (U) and a light-emitting surface light source (V); the aspheric surface lens surface shape parameters of each aspheric surface lens (U) are the same, and each light-emitting surface light source (V) is also the same; the optical axes of each light-emitting surface light source and the corresponding aspheric lens are overlapped, the light emitted by the light-emitting surface light source is deflected by the corresponding aspheric lens to generate corresponding energy distribution units on the target illumination surface, and all the energy distribution units are superposed to generate the preset large-area uniform energy distribution. The invention has compact and simple structure; the lighting area is large, the energy distribution uniformity is high, and the energy utilization rate is high; the practicability is strong, and the application range is wide.

Description

Large-area uniform illumination system based on aspheric lens surface shape numerical reconstruction
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of non-imaging optics and expanded light source beam shaping, in particular to a large-area uniform illumination system based on aspheric lens surface shape numerical reconstruction.
Background
The primary objective of lighting design is to redistribute the spatial energy distribution of the light source using a closely engineered optical surface to produce a targeted lighting effect. The performance of an illumination system is largely limited by the effectiveness of optical surface design methods, and current illumination design methods can be divided into those for zero etendue light sources and those for non-zero etendue light sources.
The design method for a zero etendue light source is very effective if the etendue of the light source is assumed to be zero. Since the spatial and angular extent of the actual light source is non-zero, it is required that the size of the designed lighting element be large enough compared to the light source so that the size effect of the light source can be neglected, which greatly limits the range of applications of the design method for zero etendue light sources. On the contrary, the design method for the non-zero etendue light source considers the space and angle range of the actual light source at the same time, and can design an extremely compact high-performance illumination system. The illumination design of extended light sources is not a simple design task as each point on the surface of an optical element designed for a non-zero etendue light source (e.g., an actual extended light source) must be able to control a myriad of light rays emitted from the light source simultaneously.
The current design methods for non-zero etendue light sources can be divided into direct algorithms, optimized algorithms, and feedback algorithms. The direct algorithm has many advantages compared with other two algorithms, firstly, the direct algorithm only needs to carry out numerical calculation without Monte Carlo ray tracing and fussy iterative brightness compensation, secondly, the direct algorithm has high degree of freedom when designing the lens surface type, and the direct algorithm can improve the energy distribution control precision by increasing the number of discrete data points. The direct algorithm is adopted to carry out aspheric lens surface type design on the extended light source, so that the illumination system with compact structure and excellent performance can be obtained. However, the existing direct method mainly performs lens surface type calculation for the target light intensity distribution, and still faces many difficulties and challenges for realizing a specific illuminance distribution under the condition that the target illumination surface is very close to the light source (the size of the actual light source cannot be ignored).
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a large-area uniform illumination system based on aspheric lens surface shape numerical reconstruction. The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the invention discloses a large-area uniform illumination system based on aspheric lens surface shape numerical reconstruction, which comprises an aspheric lens illumination array, wherein the aspheric lens illumination array comprises a group of array units which are arranged along two directions of a row and a column at equal intervals and have the same structure, and each array unit comprises an aspheric lens (U) and a light-emitting surface light source (V); the aspheric surface lens surface shape parameters of each aspheric surface lens (U) are the same, and the optical parameters of each light-emitting surface light source (V) are also the same; the optical axes of each light-emitting surface light source (V) are superposed with the optical axes of the corresponding aspheric lens (U), the emergent light of the light-emitting surface light source is deflected by the corresponding aspheric lens to generate corresponding energy distribution units on the target illumination surface, and all the energy distribution units are superposed to generate the preset large-area uniform energy distribution; the aspheric lens unit comprises the following design steps:
(1) setting an aspheric lens illumination array structure and a light path structure of an aspheric lens (U), wherein the illumination array is arranged in a rectangular array form, and carrying out numerical reconstruction design on the surface shape of the aspheric lens according to initial design parameters;
(2) on a two-dimensional plane, the exit surface of the aspheric lens is divided into two parts: the surface type function of the initial surface satisfies a high-order even polynomial, and the surface type is expressed as { z ∑ G2m(x2)mM is 0,1,2, … }; determining the initial point of the lens exit surface in two-dimensional spaceFace type parameter of starting face G2m,m＝0,1,2,…}；
(3) Discretizing the initial surface into N +1 points { P) according to the initial surface of the lens emergent surface obtained in the step (2)0,P1,…,PNSolving the remaining surface of the exit surface on the two-dimensional plane point by point until the complete two-dimensional aspheric lens exit surface is solved;
(4) the lenses obtained in the steps (2) and (3) cannot ensure that the energy distribution of the extended light source is perfectly and accurately controlled; the numerical optimization method is adopted to optimize the surface type parameters of the incident surface,
(5) on a three-dimensional plane, according to the optimization result of the incident surface shape parameters of the two-dimensional aspheric lens obtained in the step (4), taking the optimized result as the incident surface shape parameters of the three-dimensional aspheric lens, wherein the emergent surface of the three-dimensional lens is divided into two parts: initial face and residual face, the face type function of the initial face part satisfies high-order even polynomial, and the face type is expressed as { z ∑ G4m(x2+y2)mM is 0,1,2, … }; obtaining the surface type parameter { G4 of the initial surface of the lens emergent surface according to curve fittingm,m＝0,1,2,…}；
(6) Discretizing the initial surface into M +1 points { B ] according to the initial surface of the three-dimensional aspheric lens emergent surface obtained in the step (5)0,B1,…,BMSolving the remaining surface of the emergent surface on the three-dimensional plane point by point; until the complete three-dimensional aspheric lens emergent surface is solved.
Further, the incidence surface and the exit surface of the aspheric lens are aspheric surfaces, and the exit surface can be divided into two parts: an initial face and a remaining face, wherein a face type function of the entrance face and a face type function of the initial face portion of the exit face both satisfy a high order even polynomial.
Furthermore, the aspheric lens surface shape data is obtained by numerical solution reconstruction according to the mapping relation between the brightness distribution of the light source on the light emitting surface and the illumination distribution on the illumination surface.
Further, the light-emitting surface light source is a circular surface light source or a square surface light source.
Furthermore, the aspheric lens is obtained by rotating the lens profile curve around the optical axis for one circle.
Further, the aspheric lens is a shaping lens behind the light-emitting surface light source, namely a secondary lens.
The refractive indexes of all areas of the aspheric lens are the same; the surrounding medium of the aspheric lens is air.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the large-area uniform illumination system based on the aspheric lens surface shape numerical reconstruction provided by the invention converts the problem of large-area uniform illumination into the problem of non-zero light spread light beam regulation and control facing an LED light source, and discloses the essential physical mechanism of large-area uniform illumination design; the large-area uniform lighting system provided by the invention can realize the preset ultra-large-area high-uniform light distribution on the target lighting surface in a very close distance.
2) The large-area uniform illumination system based on the aspheric lens surface shape numerical reconstruction can realize effective regulation and control of the emergent light beam of the light-emitting surface light source, and obtains higher energy utilization rate;
3) the design method of the large-area uniform illumination system based on the aspheric lens surface shape numerical reconstruction can regulate and control the light emitting distribution of the LED more accurately by means of more surface shape data points, and is expected to obtain a light and thin large-area illumination system with higher uniformity; the system does not need Monte Carlo ray tracing, numerically solves the surface data points, and has high design efficiency. The large-area uniform illumination system based on the aspheric lens surface shape numerical reconstruction is beneficial to forming a high-efficiency and energy-saving semiconductor illumination technology.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an aspheric lens array device for large area uniform illumination;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a two-dimensional design of an aspherical lens unit;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional design of an aspherical lens unit;
FIG. 4 is an optical configuration of an aspherical lens unit;
FIG. 5 is a model of an aspherical lens unit in the embodiment;
FIG. 6 is an illumination spot of an aspherical lens unit on a target illumination surface in an embodiment;
FIG. 7 is a model of an aspherical lens array device in an embodiment;
FIG. 8 shows illumination spots of the aspheric lens array device on the illumination surface of the target in the embodiment.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
A large-area uniform illumination system based on aspheric lens surface shape numerical reconstruction is characterized in that the system comprises an aspheric lens illumination array, the aspheric lens illumination array comprises a group of array units which are arranged at equal intervals along the row direction and the column direction and have the same structure, and each array unit comprises an aspheric lens unit (U) and a luminous surface light source unit (V); the aspheric surface lens surface shape parameters of each aspheric surface lens unit (U) are the same, and the optical parameters of each luminous surface light source unit (V) are also the same; the optical axes of each light-emitting surface light source unit (V) and the corresponding aspheric lens unit (U) are superposed, the light emitted by the light-emitting surface light source unit is deflected by the corresponding aspheric lens unit to generate a corresponding energy distribution unit on the target illumination surface, and all the energy distribution units are superposed to generate the preset large-area uniform energy distribution; the aspheric lens unit comprises the following design steps:
(1) setting an aspherical lens illumination array structure and a light path structure of aspherical lens units (U), the illumination array being arranged in a rectangular array form, the row spacing between the array units being d1At a row pitch of d2The illumination distance from the light-emitting surface to the target illumination surface is h; the energy distribution function generated by the single aspheric lens unit (U) on the target illumination surface is required to satisfy a high-order even polynomial, which is specifically expressed as { E (x, y) } Sigma Cq(x2+y2)q,(x,y)∈[-D,D]Q is 0,1,2, …, where D is the energy distribution area radius, and the polynomial coefficient { C is determined by illumination decompositionqQ ═ 0,1,2, … }; carrying out numerical reconstruction design on the surface shape of the aspheric lens according to the initial design parameters;
(2) on a two-dimensional plane, a two-dimensional rectangular coordinate system xOz is established by taking the center of a light-emitting surface light source as a coordinate origin O, the z axis is taken as an optical axis, one diameter of the light-emitting surface is taken as an x axis, and the intersection point of the x axis and the boundary of the light source of the light-emitting surface is taken as S1And S2Expressing the energy distribution function on the target illumination surface corresponding to the aspheric lens unit determined in the step (1) as E (x) in a two-dimensional space; the aspherical lens unit is required to have an incident surface profile satisfying a high-order even polynomial, and its profile is specifically expressed as { z ═ Σ G1m(x2)mWhere m is 0,1,2, … }, and the position of the point Q on the incident surface is represented as (Q)x,Qz) (ii) a The aspheric lens exit surface is required to be divided into two parts: the positions of the points P on the exit surface can be expressed as (P) for the initial surface and the remaining surfacex,Pz) The face type function of the initial part is required to satisfy a high-order even-order polynomial, and the face type is expressed as { z ═ Σ G2m(x2)mM is 0,1,2, … }; in a two-dimensional space, according to the law of conservation of energy, for any point T on the target illumination surface, the relationship between the illuminance E possessed by the point T and the brightness L possessed by the light rays converged at the point T is
Figure BDA0002585965930000041
Wherein E is2DRepresenting the illuminance, L, at a point T on the target surface in two dimensionssRepresenting the brightness of a light ray emitted from a light source in two dimensions falling at point T,
Figure BDA0002585965930000042
is the angle between the ray at the point T and the direction of the x axis; the intersection point T of the target illumination surface and the z axis0Is represented by (T)0x,T0z) Requiring an endpoint S from an extended light source1Point Q of the emitted boundary ray on the passing incident surface0And an end point P on the exit face0Then fall on the targetCentral point T of the exposed surface0A location; the upper end point P of the emergent surface is determined according to the size design requirement of the aspheric lens unit0Is expressed as (P)0x,P0z) (ii) a In the case where the target illuminance distribution and the light source energy distribution are known, P is set according to the design size requirement0zCombining the above-mentioned energy relation to obtain P0x(ii) a At the acquisition point P0And point S1On the basis of coordinates, a point Q is obtained according to the Fermat principle0Coordinate (Q) of0x,Q0z) (ii) a Calculating a point P according to the law of refraction O-nxI + pxN0Unit normal vector N ofP0(ii) a Obtaining the surface type parameter { G2 of the initial surface of the lens emergent surface according to curve fittingm,m＝0,1,2,…}；
(3) Establishing a relation between energy distribution on a target illumination surface, a lens surface type and light source boundary rays according to the initial surface of the lens emergent surface obtained in the step (2), and discretizing the initial surface into N +1 points { P +0,P1,…,PNSolving the remaining surface of the emergent surface on the two-dimensional plane point by point; according to the characteristic that the surface shape structure of the two-dimensional aspheric lens is symmetrical about the z axis, only the residual surface of the lens emergent surface in the positive x axis area is considered to be solved; for calculating the q point P on the remaining surfaceN+qFrom the left end point S of the light source1The boundary ray 1 is emitted through the point Q of the lens incidence surfaceqAnd point P of the exit surface of the lensqThen emergent, the light finally falls on the point T of the target illumination surfaceqUpper, center point PqFor one point on the obtained local emergent surface, a point Q is obtained according to the Fermat principle and the law of refractionqAnd point TqThe coordinates of (a); on the premise that the optical path of the boundary ray 1 is known, according to the formula
Figure BDA0002585965930000051
Obtaining the emergent light path of the boundary ray 2, the boundary ray 2 is from the right end point S of the light source2Emitted through point Q of the lens entrance faceN+qAnd point P of the exit surface of the lensN+qThen is emitted and finally falls on the point TqThe above step (1); point PN+qIs located at point PN+q-1At a position corresponding to the tangent and the boundary ray 2At the intersection, at the obtained point PN+qOn the basis of the coordinates of the point P, the point P is obtained according to the Fermat principle and the law of refractionN+qCorresponding to a normal vector and a tangential vector; repeating the calculation until a complete two-dimensional aspheric lens emergent surface is solved; (4) due to the surface type parameter of the incident surface of the lens G1mM is 0,1,2, …, which is an arbitrarily set initial value, and the lenses obtained in steps (2) and (3) cannot guarantee perfect and accurate control of the energy distribution of the extended light source; the method requires a numerical optimization method to optimize the surface type parameters of the incident surface, and the evaluation function adopts an RMS function to evaluate the illumination effect of the edge illumination area, and the expression is
Figure BDA0002585965930000052
Wherein, num1Number of sampling points for edge illumination area, XkIs the x-axis coordinate, R, of the kth sample pointmaxIlluminating the area boundary for the target;
(5) on a three-dimensional plane, a three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system xyz is established by taking the center of a light-emitting surface light source as a coordinate origin O, taking a z-axis as an optical axis, taking one diameter of a light-emitting surface as an x-axis, and taking the intersection point of the x-axis and the boundary of the light source of the light-emitting surface as S1And S2Expressing the energy distribution function on the target illumination surface corresponding to the aspheric lens unit determined in the step (1) as E (x, y, z) in a three-dimensional space; the result of optimization of the incident surface profile parameter of the two-dimensional aspherical lens obtained in step (4) is required to be the incident surface profile parameter of the three-dimensional aspherical lens, and the lens incident surface profile is expressed as { z ═ Σ G3m(x2+y2)mM is 0,1,2, … }; the exit surface of the three-dimensional lens is required to be divided into two parts: the positions of the initial surface and the residual surface, and the point B on the emergent surface of the three-dimensional lens are expressed as (B)x,By,Bz) The face type function of the initial part is required to satisfy a high-order even-order polynomial, and the face type is expressed as { z ═ Σ G4m(x2+y2)mM is 0,1,2, … }; in a three-dimensional space, according to the law of conservation of energy, for any point W on the target illumination surface, the point W is occupiedThere is a relationship between the illuminance E and the brightness L of the light
E＝∫Licosθidω
Wherein L isiTo obtain the brightness of the i-th ray converged at the point W, cos θiIs the direction cosine of the ray and the x-axis, d omega is the solid angle of the ray; the intersection point W of the target illumination surface and the z axis0Is represented by (W)0x,W0y,W0z) The boundary light of the light-emitting surface light source S is required to be converged at the point W after being emitted from the edge of the initial part of the emitting surface0Where the end point S of the light source from the luminous surface1Point A of the emitted boundary ray on the incident surface0And an initial surface upper boundary point B of the exit surface0Rear fall at point W0A location; point B is based on the aspheric lens element sizing requirements0Is represented by (B)0x,B0y,B0z) In which B is0z＝P0z，B0yWhen the energy relation is equal to 0, B is obtained according to the energy relation0x(ii) a At the acquisition point B0And point S1On the basis of coordinates, the point A is obtained according to the Fermat principle0Coordinate (A) of0x,A0y,A0z) (ii) a The point A is obtained from the law of refraction O ═ nxI + pxN0Unit normal vector N ofB0(ii) a Surface type parameter of initial surface of lens exit surface { G4mM is 0,1,2, …, according to curve fitting;
(6) according to the initial surface of the three-dimensional aspheric lens emergent surface obtained in the step (5), establishing the relation between the energy distribution on the target illumination surface, the lens surface type and the light source boundary light rays, and discretizing the initial surface into M +1 points { B +0,B1,…,BMSolving the remaining surface of the emergent surface on the three-dimensional plane point by point; according to the characteristic that the surface shape structure of the three-dimensional aspheric lens is rotationally symmetrical about the z axis, only the residual surface of the lens emergent surface in the positive x axis area of the meridian plane xOz is considered to be solved; for calculating the jth point B on the remaining surfaceM+jFrom the left end point S of the light source1The boundary ray 3 is emitted through the point A of the lens incidence surfacejAnd point B of the exit face of the lensjRear-emitting, light-emittingPoint W ending at the target illumination surfacejUpper, center point BjFor one point on the obtained local emergent surface, a point A is obtained according to the Fermat principle and the law of refractionjAnd point WjThe coordinates of (a); on the premise that the light path of the boundary light 3 is known, the emergent light path of the boundary light 4 is obtained according to the relation between the illuminance and the brightness, and the boundary light 4 is the right end point S of the light source2Emitted through point A of the lens entrance faceM+jAnd point B of the exit face of the lensM+jThen is emitted and finally falls on the point WjThe above step (1); point BM+jIs located at point BM+j-1At the intersection of the corresponding tangent and the boundary ray 4, at the calculated point BM+jOn the basis of the coordinates of the point B, the point B is obtained according to the Fermat principle and the law of refractionM+jCorresponding to a normal vector and a tangential vector; and repeating the calculation until the complete three-dimensional aspheric lens emergent surface is solved.
The incidence surface and the exit surface of the aspheric lens unit are both aspheric surfaces, see fig. 4. The aspheric lens element is a shaping lens, i.e. a secondary lens, behind the light emitting area source, see fig. 4.
Example (b): the aspheric lens unit is designed to adopt the structure shown in figure 4, the surface function of the incident surface adopts 8-order even polynomial, the surface function of the initial surface of the emergent surface also adopts 8-order even polynomial, the light-emitting surface light source adopts an LED light source with the light-emitting surface size of 1.3mmx1.3mm, and the brightness distribution of the LED light source is assumed to meet the requirement
Figure BDA0002585965930000061
(where C1 is a constant). The emergent light beam of the light source array is required to generate a uniform illumination light spot in a target rectangular illumination area of a target illumination surface after being deflected by the aspheric lens array. The radius of the extended circular light source is 0.75mm, the center point of the light source is positioned at the origin of the coordinate, and the maximum emergent angle of the light source is
Figure BDA0002585965930000062
The configuration of the incidence surface of the aspherical lens unit is set to satisfy an 8-order even polynomial, and the surface can be expressed as z ═ ΣG1m(x2)mAnd m is 0,1,2,3,4, and a plane type initial parameter { G1 } is set0＝1,G11＝-1,G12＝0,G13＝0,G140 }; the z coordinate of the initial point of the emergent surface is 3.5mm, the refractive index of the lens is 1.582, and the medium around the lens is air; the distance between the target illumination surface and the light source is 8mm, and the controllable area of the single aspheric lens unit is a circular illumination area with the radius (D) of 27 mm; the illumination array is set to be composed of 81 aspherical lens units arranged in a 9x9 square array, with a line spacing (d) between aspherical lens units (U)1) And column spacing (d)2) Are all 27mm, and the target illumination area is a square area with a side length of 216 mm.
On a two-dimensional plane, according to the law of conservation of energy, for any point T on the target illumination surface, the illumination E is possessed2DAnd the brightness L of the light2DThe relationship between is
Figure BDA0002585965930000063
Wherein E is2DRepresenting the illuminance, L, at a point T on the target surface in two dimensionssRepresenting the brightness of a light ray emitted from a light source in two dimensions falling at point T,
Figure BDA0002585965930000071
is the angle of the ray to the x-axis direction at point T. The intersection point T of the target illumination surface and the z axis0Can be expressed as (T)0x,T0z) Requiring an endpoint S from an extended light source1Point Q of the emitted boundary ray on the passing incident surface0And an end point P on the exit face0Then falls on the central point T of the target illumination surface0Position, point P0Can be expressed as (P)0x,P0z) Point Q of0Has the coordinates of (Q)0x,Q0z). In the case where the target illuminance distribution and the light source energy distribution are known, P is set according to the design size requirement0zObtaining P by combining the above energy relation equation when the thickness is 3.5mm0x. Is obtainingPoint P is obtained0And point S1On the basis of coordinates, a point Q is obtained according to the Fermat principle0Coordinate (Q) of0x,Q0z). Calculating a point P according to the law of refraction O-nxI + pxN0Unit normal vector N ofP0. The exit surface includes a point P0Satisfies an 8-order even polynomial, and its face can be expressed as { z ═ Σ G2m(x2)mM is 0,1,2,3,4, wherein the face type parameter { G2 }mAnd m is 0,1,2,3,4, which can be obtained according to known conditions.
Discretizing the initial surface of the obtained emergent surface into N +1 points { P +0,P1,…,PNAnd (5) wherein N is 100, only the lens emergent surface shape in the positive x-axis area is considered to be solved according to the characteristic that the two-dimensional aspheric lens surface shape structure is symmetrical about the z-axis. For calculating the q point P on the remaining surfaceN+qFrom the left end point S of the light source1The boundary ray 1 is emitted through the point Q of the lens incidence surfaceqAnd point P of the exit surface of the lensqThen emergent, the light finally falls on the point T of the target illumination surfaceqUpper, center point PqFor one point on the obtained local emergent surface, a point Q is obtained according to the Fermat principle and the law of refractionqAnd point TqThe coordinates of (a); on the premise that the optical path of the boundary ray 1 is known, according to the formula
Figure BDA0002585965930000073
Obtaining the emergent light path of the boundary ray 2, the boundary ray 2 is from the right end point S of the light source2Emitted through point Q of the lens entrance faceN+qAnd point P of the exit surface of the lensN+qThen is emitted and finally falls on the point TqThe above step (1); point PN+qIs located at point PN+q-1At the intersection of the corresponding tangent and the boundary ray 2, at the calculated point PN+qOn the basis of the coordinates of the point P, the point P is obtained according to the Fermat principle and the law of refractionN+qAnd (c) corresponds to a normal vector and a tangential vector. Surface type parameter G1 of incident surface by adopting numerical optimization methodmAnd m is 0,1,2,3,4, and the evaluation function adopts RMS function to evaluate the illumination effect of the edge illumination area and has the expression
Figure BDA0002585965930000072
Wherein, num1Is the number of sampling points, XkFor the x-axis coordinate, R, of the k-th sampling point on the target illumination surfacemaxThe target illumination area boundary.
On the three-dimensional plane, a three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system xyz is established with the center of the extended surface light source S as the origin of coordinates O, the z-axis is the optical axis, the surface type parameter of the incidence surface of the two-dimensional aspheric lens after the optimization is taken as the surface type parameter of the incidence surface of the three-dimensional aspheric lens, and the surface type of the incidence surface of the lens can be expressed as { z ∑ G3m(x2+y2)mAnd m is 0,1,2, … }. In a three-dimensional space, according to the law of conservation of energy, for any point W on a target illumination surface, the relationship between the owned illuminance E and the brightness L of light is
E＝∫Licosθidω
Wherein L isiTo obtain the brightness of the i-th ray converged at the point W, cos θiIs the direction cosine of the ray with the x-axis, and d ω is the solid angle of the ray. The intersection point W of the target illumination surface and the z axis0Can be expressed as (W)0x,W0y,W0z) The boundary light of the extended light source S is required to be converged at the point W after being emitted from the edge of the initial part of the emitting surface0Where the end point S from the extended light source1Point A of the emitted boundary ray on the incident surface0And an initial surface upper boundary point B of the exit surface0Rear fall at point W0A location; point B is based on the aspheric lens element sizing requirements0Can be expressed as (B)0x,B0y,B0z) In which B is0z＝P0z，B0yWhen B is 0, B can be obtained from the energy relation0x(ii) a At the acquisition point B0And point S1On the basis of coordinates, the point A is obtained according to the Fermat principle0Coordinate (A) of0x,A0y,A0z) (ii) a The point A is obtained from the law of refraction O ═ nxI + pxN0Unit normal vector N ofB0(ii) a Surface type parameter of initial surface of lens exit surface { G4mAnd m is 0,1,2, …, which can be determined according to known conditions.
Establishing the relation between the energy distribution on the target illumination surface, the lens surface type and the light source boundary rays according to the obtained initial surface of the three-dimensional aspheric lens emergent surface, and discretizing the initial surface into M +1 points { B +0,B1,…,BMAnd (5) solving the residual surface type of the emergent surface on the three-dimensional plane point by point, wherein M is 100. According to the characteristic that the three-dimensional aspheric lens surface shape structure is rotationally symmetrical about the z axis, only the lens emergent surface shape located in the positive x axis area of the meridian plane xOz is considered to be solved. For calculating the jth point B on the remaining surfaceM+jFrom the left end point S of the light source1The boundary ray 3 is emitted through the point A of the lens incidence surfacejAnd point B of the exit face of the lensjThen emergent, the light finally falls on the point W of the target illumination surfacejUpper, center point BjFor one point on the obtained local emergent surface, a point A is obtained according to the Fermat principle and the law of refractionjAnd point WjThe coordinates of (a); on the premise that the light path of the boundary light 3 is known, the emergent light path of the boundary light 4 is obtained according to the relation between the illuminance and the brightness, and the boundary light 4 is the right end point S of the light source2Emitted through point A of the lens entrance faceM+jAnd point B of the exit face of the lensM+jThen is emitted and finally falls on the point WjThe above step (1); point BM+jIs located at point BM+j-1At the intersection of the corresponding tangent and the boundary ray 4, at the calculated point BM+jOn the basis of the coordinates of the point B, the point B is obtained according to the Fermat principle and the law of refractionM+jCorresponding to a normal vector and a tangential vector; and repeating the calculation until the complete three-dimensional aspheric lens emergent surface is solved.
And respectively carrying out surface fitting on the incident surface and the emergent surface of the three-dimensional aspheric lens solved in the CAD software so as to construct a three-dimensional model of the aspheric lens, and the three-dimensional model is shown in the attached figure 5. According to the aspheric lens three-dimensional model, an array unit simulation system is built by using optical simulation software, light tracing is carried out, and an illumination distribution diagram generated by an array unit is obtained on a target illumination surface, which is shown in an attached figure 6. For the array unit, the aspheric lens realizes accurate control on the energy distribution of the light-emitting surface light source, the illumination distribution is controlled in a circular area with the radius of 27mm on a target illumination surface 8mm away from the light source, the distance-height ratio (DHR) is 3.375, and the feasibility of realizing the ultra-large range energy distribution control under the condition of extremely short illumination distance is verified. Subsequently, the aspherical lens units are arranged into a 9 × 9 aspherical lens array along the x-axis and the y-axis of the global three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system xyz, and the array pitch of the aspherical lens units in the x-axis and the y-axis directions is 27mm, as shown in fig. 7. According to the aspheric lens array three-dimensional model, an array simulation system is built by using optical simulation software, a light-emitting area light source with the light source size of 1.3mmx1.3mm and the aspheric lenses are arranged to form an array unit in a one-to-one correspondence mode, a target illumination area is a square area with the side length of 216mm, then light tracing is carried out, and an illumination distribution diagram generated by the array system is obtained on the target illumination area, and the attached drawing 8 shows. For the illumination distribution generated by the array system, the uniformity of the illumination distribution in the square target illumination area is very high, and the RMS function value is 0.00798, thereby verifying the feasibility and effectiveness of the array system in realizing large-area uniform illumination in a very close distance. According to the embodiment, in the array system, the array units are arranged according to a specific arrangement mode, and the circular illumination area units generated on the target illumination surface in a short distance are mutually staggered and superposed, so that the preset large-area uniform illumination effect is effectively realized, and the array system has a remarkable practical significance. Obviously, due to the modularity of the array system and the independence of each array unit, the range of the target illumination area can be extended theoretically infinitely.

Claims (10)

1. A large-area uniform illumination system based on aspheric lens surface shape numerical reconstruction is characterized in that the system comprises an aspheric lens illumination array, the aspheric lens illumination array comprises a group of array units which are arranged along two directions of a row and a column at equal intervals and have the same structure, and each array unit comprises an aspheric lens (U) and a light-emitting surface light source (V); the aspheric surface lens surface shape parameters of each aspheric surface lens (U) are the same, and the optical parameters of each light-emitting surface light source (V) are also the same; the optical axes of each light-emitting surface light source (V) are superposed with the optical axes of the corresponding aspheric lens (U), the emergent light of the light-emitting surface light source is deflected by the corresponding aspheric lens to generate corresponding energy distribution units on the target illumination surface, and all the energy distribution units are superposed to generate the preset large-area uniform energy distribution; the aspheric lens comprises the following design steps:
(1) setting an aspheric lens illumination array structure and a light path structure of an aspheric lens (U), wherein the illumination array is arranged in a rectangular array form, and carrying out numerical reconstruction design on the surface shape of the aspheric lens according to initial design parameters;
(2) on a two-dimensional plane, the exit surface of the aspheric lens is divided into two parts: the surface type function of the initial surface satisfies a high-order even polynomial, and the surface type is expressed as { z ∑ G2m(x2)mM is 0,1,2, … }; in a two-dimensional space, a surface shape parameter { G2 of an initial surface of the lens exit surface is obtainedm,m＝0,1,2,…}；
(3) Discretizing the initial surface into N +1 points { P) according to the initial surface of the lens emergent surface obtained in the step (2)0,P1,…,PNSolving the remaining surface of the exit surface on the two-dimensional plane point by point until the complete two-dimensional aspheric lens exit surface is solved;
(4) the lenses obtained in the steps (2) and (3) cannot ensure that the energy distribution of the extended light source is perfectly and accurately controlled; the numerical optimization method is adopted to optimize the surface type parameters of the incident surface,
(5) on a three-dimensional plane, according to the optimization result of the incident surface shape parameters of the two-dimensional aspheric lens obtained in the step (4), taking the optimized result as the incident surface shape parameters of the three-dimensional aspheric lens, wherein the emergent surface of the three-dimensional lens is divided into two parts: initial face and residual face, the face type function of the initial face part satisfies high-order even polynomial, and the face type is expressed as { z ∑ G4m(x2+y2)mM is 0,1,2, … }; obtaining the surface type parameter { G4 of the initial surface of the lens emergent surface according to curve fittingm,m＝0,1,2,…}；
(6) Discretizing the initial surface into M +1 points { B ] according to the initial surface of the three-dimensional aspheric lens emergent surface obtained in the step (5)0,B1,…,BMSolving the remaining surface of the emergent surface on the three-dimensional plane point by point; until the complete three-dimensional aspheric lens emergent surface is solved.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the step (2) is specifically as follows:
on a two-dimensional plane, a two-dimensional rectangular coordinate system xOz is established by taking the center of a light-emitting surface light source as a coordinate origin O, the z axis is taken as an optical axis, one diameter of the light-emitting surface is taken as an x axis, and the intersection point of the x axis and the boundary of the light source of the light-emitting surface is taken as S1And S2Expressing the energy distribution function on the target illumination surface corresponding to the aspheric lens determined in the step (1) as E (x) in a two-dimensional space; the aspheric lens has an incident surface with a surface structure satisfying a high-order even polynomial, specifically expressed as { z ═ Σ G1m(x2)mWhere m is 0,1,2, … }, and the position of the point Q on the incident surface is represented as (Q)x,Qz) (ii) a The aspheric lens exit surface is required to be divided into two parts: the positions of the points P on the exit surface can be expressed as (P) for the initial surface and the remaining surfacex,Pz) The face type function of the initial part is required to satisfy a high-order even-order polynomial, and the face type is expressed as { z ═ Σ G2m(x2)mM is 0,1,2, … }; in a two-dimensional space, according to the law of conservation of energy, for any point T on the target illumination surface, the relationship between the illuminance E possessed by the point T and the brightness L possessed by the light rays converged at the point T is
Figure FDA0002585965920000021
Wherein E is2DRepresenting the illuminance, L, at a point T on the target surface in two dimensionssRepresenting the brightness of a light ray emitted from a light source in two dimensions falling at point T,
Figure FDA0002585965920000022
is the angle between the ray at the point T and the direction of the x axis; the intersection point T of the target illumination surface and the z axis0Is represented by (T)0x,T0z) Requiring an endpoint S from an extended light source1Point Q of the emitted boundary ray on the passing incident surface0And an end point P on the exit face0Then falls on the central point T of the target illumination surface0A location; according to the size design requirement of the aspheric lens, the upper end point P of the emergent surface0Is expressed as (P)0x,P0z) (ii) a In the case where the target illuminance distribution and the light source energy distribution are known, P is set according to the design size requirement0zCombining the above-mentioned energy relation to obtain P0x(ii) a At the acquisition point P0And point S1On the basis of coordinates, a point Q is obtained according to the Fermat principle0Coordinate (Q) of0x,Q0z) (ii) a Calculating a point P according to the law of refraction O-nxI + pxN0Unit normal vector N ofP0(ii) a Obtaining the surface type parameter { G2 of the initial surface of the lens emergent surface according to curve fittingm,m＝0,1,2,…}。
3. The system of claim 1, wherein the step (3) is specifically as follows:
establishing a relation between energy distribution on a target illumination surface, a lens surface type and light source boundary rays according to the initial surface of the lens emergent surface obtained in the step (2), and discretizing the initial surface into N +1 points { P +0,P1,…,PNSolving the remaining surface of the emergent surface on the two-dimensional plane point by point; according to the characteristic that the surface shape structure of the two-dimensional aspheric lens is symmetrical about the z axis, only the residual surface of the lens emergent surface in the positive x axis area is considered to be solved; for calculating the q point P on the remaining surfaceN+qFrom the left end point S of the light source1The boundary ray 1 is emitted through the point Q of the lens incidence surfaceqAnd point P of the exit surface of the lensqThen emergent, the light finally falls on the point T of the target illumination surfaceqUpper, center point PqFor one point on the obtained local emergent surface, a point Q is obtained according to the Fermat principle and the law of refractionqAnd point TqThe coordinates of (a); on the premise that the optical path of the boundary ray 1 is known, according to the formula
Figure FDA0002585965920000023
Obtaining the emergent light path of the boundary ray 2, the boundary ray 2 is from the right end point S of the light source2Emitted through point Q of the lens entrance faceN+qAnd point P of the exit surface of the lensN+qThen is emitted and finally falls on the point TqThe above step (1); point PN+qIs located at point PN+q-1At the intersection of the corresponding tangent and the boundary ray 2, at the calculated point PN+qOn the basis of the coordinates of the point P, the point P is obtained according to the Fermat principle and the law of refractionN+qCorresponding to a normal vector and a tangential vector; and repeating the calculation until the complete two-dimensional aspheric lens emergent surface is solved.
4. The system of claim 1, wherein the step (5) is specifically as follows:
on a three-dimensional plane, a three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system xyz is established by taking the center of a light-emitting surface light source as a coordinate origin O, taking a z-axis as an optical axis, taking one diameter of a light-emitting surface as an x-axis, and taking the intersection point of the x-axis and the boundary of the light source of the light-emitting surface as S1And S2Expressing the energy distribution function on the target illumination surface corresponding to the aspheric lens determined in the step (1) as E (x, y, z) in a three-dimensional space; the result of optimization of the incident surface profile parameter of the two-dimensional aspherical lens obtained in step (4) is required to be the incident surface profile parameter of the three-dimensional aspherical lens, and the lens incident surface profile is expressed as { z ═ Σ G3m(x2+y2)mM is 0,1,2, … }; the exit surface of the three-dimensional lens is required to be divided into two parts: the positions of the initial surface and the residual surface, and the point B on the emergent surface of the three-dimensional lens are expressed as (B)x,By,Bz) The face type function of the initial part is required to satisfy a high-order even-order polynomial, and the face type is expressed as { z ═ Σ G4m(x2+y2)mM is 0,1,2, … }; in a three-dimensional space, according to the law of conservation of energy, for any point W on a target illumination surface, the relationship between the owned illuminance E and the brightness L of light is
E＝∫Licosθidω
Wherein L isiTo obtain the brightness of the i-th ray converged at the point W, cos θiIs the direction cosine of the ray and the x-axis, d omega is the solid angle of the ray; the intersection point W of the target illumination surface and the z axis0Is represented by (W)0x,W0y,W0z) The boundary light of the light-emitting surface light source S is required to be converged at the point W after being emitted from the edge of the initial part of the emitting surface0Where the end point S of the light source from the luminous surface1Point A of the emitted boundary ray on the incident surface0And an initial surface upper boundary point B of the exit surface0Rear fall at point W0A location; point B according to aspheric lens sizing requirements0Is represented by (B)0x,B0y,B0z) In which B is0z＝P0z，B0yWhen the energy relation is equal to 0, B is obtained according to the energy relation0x(ii) a At the acquisition point B0And point S1On the basis of coordinates, the point A is obtained according to the Fermat principle0Coordinate (A) of0x,A0y,A0z) (ii) a The point A is obtained from the law of refraction O ═ nxI + pxN0Unit normal vector N ofB0(ii) a Surface type parameter of initial surface of lens exit surface { G4mAnd m is 0,1,2, …, and is obtained by curve fitting.
5. The system of claim 1, wherein the step (6) is specifically as follows:
according to the initial surface of the three-dimensional aspheric lens emergent surface obtained in the step (5), establishing the relation between the energy distribution on the target illumination surface, the lens surface type and the light source boundary light rays, and discretizing the initial surface into M +1 points { B +0,B1,…,BMSolving the residue of the exit surface on the three-dimensional plane point by pointKeeping the dough; according to the characteristic that the surface shape structure of the three-dimensional aspheric lens is rotationally symmetrical about the z axis, only the residual surface of the lens emergent surface in the positive x axis area of the meridian plane xOz is considered to be solved; for calculating the jth point B on the remaining surfaceM+jFrom the left end point S of the light source1The boundary ray 3 is emitted through the point A of the lens incidence surfacejAnd point B of the exit face of the lensjThen emergent, the light finally falls on the point W of the target illumination surfacejUpper, center point BjFor one point on the obtained local emergent surface, a point A is obtained according to the Fermat principle and the law of refractionjAnd point WjThe coordinates of (a); on the premise that the light path of the boundary light 3 is known, the emergent light path of the boundary light 4 is obtained according to the relation between the illuminance and the brightness, and the boundary light 4 is the right end point S of the light source2Emitted through point A of the lens entrance faceM+jAnd point B of the exit face of the lensM+jThen is emitted and finally falls on the point WjThe above step (1); point BM+jIs located at point BM+j-1At the intersection of the corresponding tangent and the boundary ray 4, at the calculated point BM+jOn the basis of the coordinates of the point B, the point B is obtained according to the Fermat principle and the law of refractionM+jCorresponding to a normal vector and a tangential vector; and repeating the calculation until the complete three-dimensional aspheric lens emergent surface is solved.
6. The system of claim 1, wherein the aspheric lens has an entrance surface and an exit surface that are both aspheric and the exit surface is divided into two parts: an initial face and a remaining face, wherein a face type function of the entrance face and a face type function of the initial face portion of the exit face both satisfy a high order even polynomial.
7. The system of claim 1, wherein the aspheric lens surface shape data is obtained by numerically solving and reconstructing a mapping relationship between the luminance distribution of the light source of the light emitting surface and the luminance distribution of the illumination surface.
8. The system of claim 1, wherein the surface light source is a circular surface light source or a square surface light source.
9. The system of claim 1, wherein the aspheric lens is derived from a lens profile curve by a single rotation around the optical axis.
10. The system of claim 1, wherein the aspheric lens is a shaping lens behind a light-emitting surface light source, i.e. a secondary lens.
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