CN111828270B - Nano engine, method for providing power by nano engine and nano robot - Google Patents
Nano engine, method for providing power by nano engine and nano robot Download PDFInfo
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- CN111828270B CN111828270B CN201910305010.9A CN201910305010A CN111828270B CN 111828270 B CN111828270 B CN 111828270B CN 201910305010 A CN201910305010 A CN 201910305010A CN 111828270 B CN111828270 B CN 111828270B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G7/00—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for
- F03G7/005—Electro-chemical actuators; Actuators having a material for absorbing or desorbing gas, e.g. a metal hydride; Actuators using the difference in osmotic pressure between fluids; Actuators with elements stretchable when contacted with liquid rich in ions, with UV light, with a salt solution
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of nanotechnology, and particularly relates to a nano engine, a method for providing power by using the nano engine and a nano robot. The present invention provides a nano-engine comprising: the inner cavity of the shell is divided into a first cavity and a second cavity by a partition plate; an opening is arranged on the wall of the first chamber; the cathode and the anode are fixed on the partition plate, one ends of the cathode and the anode are positioned in the first chamber, the other ends of the cathode and the anode are positioned in the second chamber, and the cathode and the anode are connected through a lead at one end of the second chamber; the exhaust pipe penetrates through the second cavity, the air inlet end of the exhaust pipe is located in the first cavity, and the air outlet end of the exhaust pipe is located outside the shell. The invention provides a nano engine with a brand new structure aiming at the defects that the existing chemical energy driven nano engine has insufficient power and can not provide enough power for a long time to maintain operation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of nanotechnology, and particularly relates to a nano engine, a method for providing power by using the nano engine and a nano robot.
Background
Robots on the nanometer scale have become one of the most popular studies at present. The nanometer robot can replace a human to complete a plurality of complex high-precision works, and in the motion process of the nanometer robot, the nanometer engine is the most critical part of the nanometer robot, so that enough kinetic energy of the nanometer robot in the motion process is guaranteed.
Early research on nano-engines at home and abroad mainly focuses on laser-driven nano-engines, wherein laser driving means that laser is used for heating the nano-engines, and the principle of storing and releasing energy in the process of gathering and decomposing metal ions wrapped in polymers is used for providing kinetic energy for a nano-robot, but the release of the energy cannot be reasonably controlled, and the motion rate of the nano-robot cannot be guaranteed. Therefore, researchers thought to utilize chemical reaction to generate gas to drive the motion of the nano-robot, i.e. to develop a chemical energy driven nano-engine.
At present, the problem of insufficient power generally exists in the chemical energy driven nano engine, and sufficient power cannot be provided for a long time to maintain the operation of the nano robot, so how to improve the power durability of the nano engine is a technical problem to be solved urgently by those skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, an object of the present invention is to provide a nano-engine, a method for providing power thereof, and a nano-robot, wherein the nano-engine provided by the present invention has a great advantage in power durability.
The present invention provides a nano-engine, comprising:
the inner cavity of the shell is divided into a first cavity and a second cavity by a partition plate; an opening is formed in the wall of the first chamber;
the cathode and the anode are fixed on the separation plate, one end of each of the cathode and the anode is positioned in the first cavity, the other end of each of the cathode and the anode is positioned in the second cavity, and the cathode and the anode are connected through a lead at one end of the second cavity;
the exhaust pipe penetrates through the second cavity, the air inlet end of the exhaust pipe is located in the first cavity, and the air outlet end of the exhaust pipe is located outside the shell.
Preferably, one end of the shell is hemispherical, and the air outlet end of the exhaust pipe is arranged at the other end opposite to the air outlet end.
Preferably, the cathode is a graphite electrode; the anode is a graphite electrode.
Preferably, the wire is a copper wire.
Preferably, the gas outlet end of the exhaust pipe is covered with a semi-permeable membrane for allowing gas to pass through.
Preferably, the number of the exhaust pipes is plural.
The invention provides a method for providing power for a nano engine, which comprises the following steps:
a) Adding sodium carbonate and hydrochloric acid into a first chamber of the nano engine in the technical scheme through an opening to seal the opening; sodium carbonate and hydrochloric acid react in the first chamber, and gas generated by the reaction is released to the outside of the nano engine through the exhaust pipe to provide a driving force in a first stage;
b) And carrying out current transmission on the cathode and the anode in a wireless charging mode, electrolyzing a product obtained after reaction of sodium carbonate and hydrochloric acid in the first chamber by the cathode and the anode, and releasing gas generated by electrolysis to the outside of the nano engine through the exhaust pipe to provide a second stage of driving force.
Preferably, in step a), the sodium carbonate is coated with a water-soluble film before being introduced into the first chamber.
Preferably, in the step a), the concentration of the hydrochloric acid is 0.05-0.5 mol/L.
The invention provides a nano robot, and an engine of the nano robot is the nano engine in the technical scheme.
Compared with the prior art, the invention provides a nano engine, a method for providing power and a nano robot. The present invention provides a nano-engine comprising: the inner cavity of the shell is divided into a first cavity and a second cavity by a partition plate; an opening is formed in the wall of the first chamber; the cathode and the anode are fixed on the separation plate, one end of each of the cathode and the anode is positioned in the first cavity, the other end of each of the cathode and the anode is positioned in the second cavity, and the cathode and the anode are connected through a lead at one end of the second cavity; the exhaust pipe penetrates through the second cavity, the air inlet end of the exhaust pipe is located in the first cavity, and the air outlet end of the exhaust pipe is located outside the shell. The method for providing power for the nano engine comprises the following steps: a) Adding sodium carbonate and hydrochloric acid into a first chamber of the nano engine through an opening to close the opening; sodium carbonate and hydrochloric acid react in the first chamber, and gas generated by the reaction is released to the outside of the nano engine through the exhaust pipe to provide a driving force in a first stage; b) The cathode and the anode are subjected to current transmission in a wireless charging mode, the cathode and the anode electrolyze a product obtained after reaction of sodium carbonate and hydrochloric acid in the first chamber, and gas generated by electrolysis is released to the outside of the nano engine through the exhaust pipe to provide the first stepTwo-stage driving force. The invention provides a nano engine with a brand new structure aiming at the defects that the existing chemical energy driven nano engine has insufficient power and can not provide enough power for a long time to maintain operation, and the nano engine firstly utilizes sodium carbonate (Na) when providing power 2 CO 3 ) Carbon dioxide (CO) produced by reaction with hydrochloric acid (HCl) 2 ) Providing power of a first stage for the nano engine; then, the sodium chloride (NaCl) solution generated by the reaction of the electrolytic sodium carbonate and the hydrochloric acid is utilized to prepare hydrogen (H) 2 ) And chlorine (Cl) 2 ) And providing power of a second stage for the nano engine. The nano engine provided by the invention can obtain power by two-step reaction, so that the nano engine has more advantages in power durability, and the running length of the nano engine can be greatly improved.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a nanoengine provided in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of nano-engine motion speed versus time provided in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph of nano-engine motion speed versus time provided in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of nano-engine speed versus time provided in example 3 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The present invention provides a nano-engine, comprising:
the inner cavity of the shell is divided into a first cavity and a second cavity by a partition plate; an opening is formed in the wall of the first chamber;
the cathode and the anode are fixed on the separation plate, one end of each of the cathode and the anode is positioned in the first cavity, the other end of each of the cathode and the anode is positioned in the second cavity, and the cathode and the anode are connected through a lead at one end of the second cavity;
the exhaust pipe penetrates through the second cavity, the air inlet end of the exhaust pipe is located in the first cavity, and the air outlet end of the exhaust pipe is located outside the shell.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a nano-engine provided in an embodiment of the present invention. In fig. 1, 1 is a case, 2 is a separator, 3 is an opening, 4 is a cathode, 5 is an anode, 6 is a lead, and 7 is an exhaust pipe.
The nano engine provided by the invention comprises a shell 1, a separation plate 2, an opening 3, a cathode 4, an anode 5, a lead 6 and an exhaust pipe 7. Wherein, the thickness of the shell 1 is preferably 50-300 nm, specifically 50nm, 60nm, 70nm, 80nm, 90nm, 100nm, 110nm, 120nm, 130nm, 140nm, 150nm, 160nm, 170nm, 180nm, 190nm, 200nm, 210nm, 220nm, 230nm, 240nm, 250nm, 260nm, 270nm, 280nm, 290nm or 300nm; the material of the case 1 is preferably TiO 2 . In one embodiment of the present invention, one end of the housing 1 has a hemispherical shape, and a portion connected to the hemispherical shape has a cylindrical shape. In one embodiment of the present invention, the axial length of the cylindrical portion of the housing 1 is preferably 500-1000 nm, and specifically may be 500nm, 520nm, 550nm, 570nm, 600nm, 620nm, 650nm, 670nm, 700nm, 720nm, 750nm, 770nm, 800nm, 820nm, 850nm, 870nm, 900nm, 920nm, 950nm, 970nm or 1000nm; the radial length of the cylindrical portion of the housing 1 is preferably 200 to 800nm, and may be 200nm, 250nm, 300nm, 350nm, 400nm, 450nm, 500nm, 550nm, 600nm, 650nm, 700nm, 750nm or 800nm.
In the present invention, the partition plate 2 divides the inner cavity of the housing 1 into two separate chambers, which are respectively named as a first chamber and a second chamber. In the embodiment of the present invention in which one end of the housing 1 is a hemisphere and a portion connected to the hemisphere is a cylinder, the partition plate 2 divides the inner cavity of the housing 1 into two independent chambers in a radial direction of the cylinder. In the present invention, the material of the partition plate 2 is preferably TiO 2 (ii) a The volume ratio of the first chamber to the second chamber is preferably (2-5): 1, specifically 2:1, 2.5, 3:1, 3.5.
In the present invention, an opening 3 is provided in the wall of the first chamber as a passage for the addition of material to the first chamber. In one embodiment of the present invention, the shape of the opening 3 is square, and the side length of the square opening 3 is preferably 20 to 80nm, and specifically may be 20nm, 25nm, 30nm, 35nm, 40nm, 45nm, 50nm, 55nm, 60nm, 65nm, 70nm, 75nm, or 80nm.
In the invention, a cathode 4 and an anode 5 are fixed on a separator 2, one end of the cathode 4 and one end of the anode 5 are positioned in the first cavity, the other end of the cathode 4 and the other end of the anode 5 are positioned in the second cavity, and the ends of the cathode 4 and the anode 5 positioned in the second cavity are connected through a lead 6. In the present invention, the cathode 4 and the anode 5 are preferably both graphite electrodes; the wire 6 is preferably a copper wire. In the invention, the cathode 4 and the anode 5 are preferably symmetrically arranged, and the shortest distance between the cathode 4 and the inner wall of the shell 1 is preferably 50-100 nm, and specifically can be 50nm, 55nm, 60nm, 65nm, 70nm, 75nm, 80nm, 85nm, 90nm, 95nm or 100nm; the shortest distance between the anode 5 and the inner wall of the housing 1 is preferably 50 to 100nm, and specifically may be 50nm, 55nm, 60nm, 65nm, 70nm, 75nm, 80nm, 85nm, 90nm, 95nm or 100nm. In the present invention, the diameter of the lead 6 is preferably 5 to 20nm, and specifically may be 5nm, 6nm, 7nm, 8nm, 9nm, 10nm, 11nm, 12nm, 13nm, 14nm, 15nm, 16nm, 17nm, 18nm, 19nm or 20nm; the length of the wire 6 is preferably 200 to 600nm, and specifically may be 200nm, 250nm, 300nm, 350nm, 400nm, 450nm, 500nm, 550nm or 600nm.
In the present invention, the exhaust pipe 7 penetrates the second chamber, and the air inlet end of the exhaust pipe 7 is located at the first chamberIn the cavity, the air outlet end of the exhaust pipe 7 is positioned outside the shell 1, and is used for discharging gas generated in the first cavity to the outside of the shell 1 so as to provide driving force for the nano engine. In the present invention, the inner diameter of the exhaust pipe 7 is preferably 50 to 100nm, and specifically may be 50nm, 55nm, 60nm, 65nm, 70nm, 75nm, 80nm, 85nm, 90nm, 95nm, or 100nm; the material of the exhaust pipe 7 is preferably TiO 2 . In the present invention, the number of the exhaust pipes 7 is preferably plural, and more preferably two, and one of the two exhaust pipes 7 is located in the vicinity of the cathode 4, and the other is located in the vicinity of the anode 5. In the present invention, the gas outlet end of the gas outlet pipe 7 is preferably covered with a semi-permeable membrane for allowing gas to pass therethrough, for isolating external macromolecular substances from entering the first chamber. In an embodiment of the present invention in which one end of the housing 1 is hemispherical, the outlet end of the exhaust pipe 7 is disposed at the other end opposite thereto.
The invention also provides a method for providing power for the nano engine, which comprises the following steps:
a) Adding sodium carbonate and hydrochloric acid into a first chamber of the nano engine in the technical scheme through an opening to seal the opening; sodium carbonate and hydrochloric acid react in the first chamber, and gas generated by the reaction is released to the outside of the nano engine through the exhaust pipe to provide a first stage driving force;
b) And carrying out current transmission on the cathode and the anode in a wireless charging mode, electrolyzing a product obtained after reaction of sodium carbonate and hydrochloric acid in the first chamber by the cathode and the anode, and releasing gas generated by electrolysis to the outside of the nano engine through the exhaust pipe to provide a second stage of driving force.
In the method provided by the invention, sodium carbonate and hydrochloric acid are first added into the first chamber of the nanomotor through opening 3, after which opening 3 is closed. Sodium carbonate and hydrochloric acid added into the first chamber are mixed and reacted to generate CO 2 The gas is released to the outside of the nano engine through the exhaust pipe 3, and provides the driving force of the first stage, and the chemical reaction equation involved is as follows:
Na 2 CO 3 +2HCl＝2NaCl+H 2 O+CO 2 ↑。
in the method provided by the invention, the concentration of the hydrochloric acid is preferably 0.05-0.5 mol/L, more preferably 0.1mol/L, and specifically can be 0.05mol/L, 0.1mol/L, 0.15mol/L, 0.2mol/L, 0.25mol/L, 0.3mol/L, 0.35mol/L, 0.4mol/L, 0.45mol/L or 0.5mol/L; the molar ratio of the hydrogen ions in the sodium carbonate and the hydrochloric acid is preferably 1: (1-3), more preferably 1:2; the reaction temperature is preferably 15-35 deg.C, specifically 15 deg.C, 16 deg.C, 17 deg.C, 18 deg.C, 19 deg.C, 20 deg.C, 21 deg.C, 22 deg.C, 23 deg.C, 24 deg.C, 25 deg.C, 26 deg.C, 27 deg.C, 28 deg.C, 29 deg.C, 30 deg.C, 31 deg.C, 32 deg.C, 33 deg.C, 34 deg.C or 35 deg.C. In the present invention, the sodium carbonate is preferably wrapped with a water-soluble film before it is added to the first chamber, in order to delay the time for the sodium carbonate and hydrochloric acid to react, thus allowing ample time for closing the opening 3.
In the method provided by the invention, after the first stage of driving force is provided (namely, after the sodium carbonate and the hydrochloric acid are reacted), the cathode 4 and the anode 5 of the nano engine are subjected to current transmission in a wireless charging mode, the cathode 4 and the anode 5 electrolyze a NaCl solution generated by the reaction of the sodium carbonate and the hydrochloric acid in the first chamber after obtaining current, hydrogen is generated on the cathode 4 in the process of electrolyzing the NaCl solution, chlorine is generated on the anode 5, and the hydrogen and the chlorine generated by electrolysis are released to the outside of the nano engine through the exhaust pipe 3, so that the driving force of the second stage is provided, and the related chemical reaction is as follows:
cathode: 2H + +2e - = H2 =; anode: 2Cl - -2e - ＝Cl 2 ↑；
The overall reaction equation: 2NaCl solution 2 O＝2NaOH+H 2 ↑+Cl 2 ↑。
In the method provided by the present invention, the wireless charging mode is preferably electromagnetic induction wireless charging.
In the method provided by the invention, the electrolysis speed can be indirectly controlled by controlling the electrolysis voltage, so that the power of the nano engine can be adjusted. In the present invention, it is preferable to supply a constant current having a voltage of 0.5 to 1.3V to the cathode 4 and the anode 5, and more gas can be generated to obtain sufficient kinetic energy.
In the method provided by the invention, the power of the nano engine can be adjusted by indirectly controlling the electrolysis rate by controlling the electrolysis temperature. In the invention, as the reaction of the electrolytic cell progresses, the concentration of the NaCl solution is reduced, the reaction rate is reduced, and the rate of generating bubbles is reduced. Therefore, in order to ensure that the nano engine can provide enough power, the invention preferably uses external microwave to irradiate the nano engine, and the reactant molecules absorb the radiation energy of the microwave, so that the movement speed is accelerated, and the bubble generation speed of the reaction can be improved. In the invention, the microwave irradiation has the advantages of high heating speed, uniform heating without temperature gradient and capability of well improving the electrolytic reaction rate.
The invention provides a nano engine with a brand new structure aiming at the defects that the existing chemical energy driven nano engine has insufficient power and can not provide enough power for a long time to maintain operation, and the nano engine firstly utilizes sodium carbonate (Na) when providing power 2 CO 3 ) Carbon dioxide (CO) produced by reaction with hydrochloric acid (HCl) 2 ) Providing power of a first stage for the nano engine; then, the sodium chloride (NaCl) solution generated by the reaction of the electrolytic sodium carbonate and the hydrochloric acid is utilized to prepare hydrogen (H) 2 ) And chlorine (Cl) 2 ) And providing power of a second stage for the nano engine. The nano engine and the method for providing power have the following advantages:
1) The invention adopts the two-step reaction principle to obtain the power of the nano engine, thereby having more advantages on the power durability and greatly improving the running time of the nano engine.
2) The invention adopts the wireless charging technology to provide current for the nano engine, and when the nano engine in the first stage finishes moving, the second stage of the nano engine can be started to operate only by introducing the current. The power of the nano engine can be regulated and controlled by changing the current and the solution temperature, and the external control is simple and convenient.
3) Within the range of ensuring the proper input current and voltage, the nano engine provided by the invention has longer service life and generally has no fault, and the nano engine can be recycled, so that the maintenance cost and the use cost are lower.
The invention also provides a nano robot, and the engine of the nano robot is the nano engine in the technical scheme. The nano-engine is assembled on the nano-robot provided by the invention, so that sufficient power can be provided for the operation of the nano-robot, and the nano-robot can be ensured to smoothly complete tasks.
For the sake of clarity, the following examples are given in detail.
Example 1
1) Structure of the nano engine:
a nano-engine having a structure as shown in FIG. 1 comprises a case 1, a separator 2, an opening 3, a cathode 4, an anode 5, a lead 6 and an exhaust pipe 7. Wherein the thickness of the shell 1 is 100nm, and the material of the shell 1 is TiO 2 (ii) a One end of the shell 1 is hemispherical, the part connected with the hemispherical is cylindrical, the axial length of the cylindrical part of the shell 1 is 800nm, and the radial length is 500nm.
In the present embodiment, the partition plate 2 divides the inner cavity of the housing 1 into two independent chambers along the radial direction of the cylinder, which are respectively named as a first chamber and a second chamber; the isolation plate 2 is made of TiO 2 (ii) a The volume ratio of the first chamber to the second chamber is 3:1.
in the present embodiment, the opening 3 is disposed on the wall of the first chamber, and is used as a passage for adding materials into the first chamber, and the shape of the opening 3 is square with a side length of 50nm.
In this embodiment, the cathode 4 and the anode 5 are fixed on the separator 2, one end of the cathode 4 and one end of the anode 5 are located in the first chamber, the other end of the cathode 4 and the other end of the anode 5 are located in the second chamber, and the ends of the cathode 4 and the anode 5 located in the second chamber are connected through a wire 6.
In the present embodiment, the cathode 4 and the anode 5 are both graphite electrodes, and the wire 6 is a copper wire; the cathode 4 and the anode 5 are symmetrically arranged by taking the cylindrical axial direction as a center, and the shortest distances from the cathode 4 and the anode 5 to the inner wall of the shell 1 are both 80nm; the wire 6 has a diameter of 10nm and a length of 400nm.
In this embodiment, the exhaust pipe 7 penetrates through the second chamber, and the air inlet end of the exhaust pipe 7 is located in the first chamber; the air outlet end of the exhaust pipe 7 is located outside the housing 1 and at the other end opposite to the hemisphere of the housing 1. In this embodiment, the inner diameter of the exhaust pipe 7 is 80nm, and the material of the exhaust pipe 7 is TiO 2 . In the present embodiment, the number of the exhaust pipes 7 is two, and one of the two exhaust pipes 7 is located near the cathode 4 and the other is located near the anode 5. In this embodiment, the gas outlet end of the gas outlet pipe 7 is covered with a semi-permeable membrane that allows gas to pass through.
2) Preparing a nano engine:
2-1) preparation of the nano engine shell: porous Anodic Alumina (PAA) is used as a main template, a nano-structure basic unit is assembled in the holes of the template, a sol-gel method is used for preparing a nano-tube with uniform tube diameter, the template is decomposed in a mixed solution of hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid with proper concentration, and a nano-engine shell with stable property and good compatibility is separated.
2-2) preparation of graphite electrode: preparing graphite electrode, cyclohexane (C) by Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) 6 H 12 ) As a carbon source, H 2 And N 2 The mixed gas is taken as carrier gas, and the cyclohexane is carried by the bubbling tank to enter a reaction furnace; iron particles decomposed with ferrocene were used as a reaction catalyst to provide nucleation for the growth of graphite electrodes.
2-3) preparation of copper wire: an aluminum oxide template is used as a working electrode, a copper sheet is used as a counter electrode, and a constant potential deposition method is adopted to prepare a copper wire with the diameter of about 10nm and the length of 400nm.
2-4) connection of copper wires to electrodes: and (3) performing nano welding by using laser, directly acting a high-energy electron beam on a connecting part of the copper wire and the graphite electrode for about 10min, and heating and melting a joint part to realize the welding of the copper wire and the electrode.
3) Evaluation of service conditions of the nano engine:
the nano-engine provided in this example above was placed in an operating environment at a simulated temperature of 37 c at a density of approximately p =1.05g/cm to 1.06g/cm 3 Fluid specific gravity of about ρ g =10 4 N/m 3 Viscosity of 3.5 cP. And (3) putting the sodium carbonate wrapped by the water-soluble nano composite film into the inner cavity of the nano engine, completely dissolving the water-soluble film in water at normal temperature within a certain time, and contacting sodium carbonate powder with a dilute hydrochloric acid solution with the concentration of 0.1mol/L, so that the first-stage starting of the nano engine is finished. The constant current with the decomposition voltage of 0.8V is used as the current of the electrolytic loop, and the second stage starting of the nano engine is completed. And observing the running condition of the nano engine in the mixed solution by adopting a high-precision scanning electron microscope, and recording and analyzing data.
In the first phase, the motion of the nanomotor can be described essentially as an acceleration-deceleration-acceleration process. At a starting time t 0 To t 1 At that moment, the nano-engine is in an acceleration phase, and the speed of the nano-engine is continuously increased from 0. At t 1 The motion rate of the nano engine is observed to be maximum V at any moment max =0.8mm/s. At t 1 -t 2 During the time period, the nano engine speed can be described as uniform motion, and the nano engine motion speed tends to be stable. At t 2 -t 3 In the time period, as the reaction process continues, the reactant is reduced, and the motion speed of the nano engine slowly and continuously reduces until the nano engine stops. Moving images fig. 2, fig. 2 is a graph of nano-engine motion speed versus time provided in example 1 of the present invention.
In the second phase, the motion of the nanomotor is a process of continuous acceleration and continuous deceleration. At an initial stage t 0 -t 1 At this time, as the electrolysis process proceeds, a large amount of ions are generated, the electrolysis rate is accelerated, and the nano-motor movement speed continuously increases by about 0.5mm/s. At t 1 -t 2 At this time, as the electrolytic reaction proceeds, the reaction rate is decreased due to the decrease in the concentration of the electrolytic solution, and the kinetic energy generated is decreased. The speed of the nano-motor movement continues to slowly decrease until it stops. Moving images such as fig. 2。
Example 2
1) The structure of the nano engine is as follows:
a nano-engine having a structure as shown in FIG. 1 comprises a case 1, a separator 2, an opening 3, a cathode 4, an anode 5, a lead 6 and an exhaust pipe 7. Wherein the thickness of the shell 1 is 100nm, and the material of the shell 1 is TiO 2 (ii) a One end of the shell 1 is hemispherical, the part connected with the hemispherical is cylindrical, the axial length of the cylindrical part of the shell 1 is 900nm, and the radial length is 600nm.
In the present embodiment, the partition plate 2 divides the inner cavity of the housing 1 into two independent chambers along the radial direction of the cylinder, which are named as a first chamber and a second chamber respectively; the isolation plate 2 is made of TiO 2 (ii) a The volume ratio of the first chamber to the second chamber is 3:1.
in the present embodiment, the opening 3 is disposed on the wall of the first chamber, and is used as a passage for adding materials into the first chamber, and the shape of the opening 3 is square with a side length of 50nm.
In this embodiment, the cathode 4 and the anode 5 are fixed on the separator 2, one end of the cathode 4 and one end of the anode 5 are located in the first chamber, the other end of the cathode 4 and the other end of the anode 5 are located in the second chamber, and the ends of the cathode 4 and the anode 5 located in the second chamber are connected through a wire 6.
In the present embodiment, the cathode 4 and the anode 5 are both graphite electrodes, and the wire 6 is a copper wire; the cathode 4 and the anode 5 are symmetrically arranged by taking the cylindrical axial direction as a center, and the shortest distances from the cathode 4 and the anode 5 to the inner wall of the shell 1 are both 80nm; the wire 6 has a diameter of 10nm and a length of 400nm.
In this embodiment, the exhaust pipe 7 penetrates the second chamber, and the air inlet end of the exhaust pipe 7 is located in the first chamber; the air outlet end of the exhaust pipe 7 is located outside the housing 1 and at the other end opposite to the hemisphere of the housing 1. In this embodiment, the inner diameter of the exhaust pipe 7 is 100nm, and the material of the exhaust pipe 7 is TiO 2 . In the present embodiment, the number of the exhaust pipes 7 is two, and one of the two exhaust pipes 7 is located near the cathode 4 and the other is located near the anode 5. In the present embodiment, the outlet of the exhaust pipe 7The gas end is covered with a semi-permeable membrane that allows gas to pass through.
2) Preparing a nano engine:
2-1) preparation of Nano Engine Shell: porous Anodic Alumina (PAA) is used as a main template, a nano-structure basic unit is assembled in the holes of the template, a sol-gel method is used for preparing nanotubes with uniform tube diameters, the template is decomposed in a mixed solution of hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid with proper concentration, and a nano engine shell with stable property and good compatibility is separated.
2-2) preparation of graphite electrode: preparing graphite electrode, cyclohexane (C) by Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) 6 H 12 ) As a carbon source, H 2 And N 2 The mixed gas is taken as carrier gas, and the cyclohexane is carried by the bubbling tank to enter a reaction furnace; iron particles decomposed with ferrocene were used as a reaction catalyst to provide nucleation for the growth of graphite electrodes.
2-3) preparation of copper wire: an aluminum oxide template is used as a working electrode, a copper sheet is used as a counter electrode, and a constant potential deposition method is adopted to prepare a copper wire with the diameter of about 10nm and the length of 400nm.
2-4) connection of copper wires to electrodes: and (3) performing nano welding by using laser, directly acting a high-energy electron beam on a connecting part of the copper wire and the graphite electrode for about 10min, and heating and melting a joint part to realize the welding of the copper wire and the electrode.
3) Evaluation of service conditions of the nano engine:
the nanoengine provided in the present example was placed at a density of approximately ρ =1.05g/cm to 1.06g/cm in an operating environment simulating a temperature of 37 deg.c 3 Fluid specific gravity of about ρ g =10 4 N/m 3 Viscosity of 3.5 cP. The sodium carbonate wrapped by the water-soluble nano composite film is put into the inner cavity of the nano engine, the water-soluble film can be completely dissolved in water at normal temperature within a certain time, the sodium carbonate powder is contacted with a dilute hydrochloric acid solution with the concentration of 0.2mol/L, and the nano engine is started. And a constant current with the decomposition voltage of 1.3V is used as the current of the electrolytic loop, and the second-stage starting of the nano engine is completed. Using a high-precision scanning electron microscopeAnd observing the running condition of the nano engine in the mixed solution, and recording and analyzing data.
In the first phase, the motion of the nanomotor can be described essentially as an acceleration-deceleration-acceleration process. At a starting time t 0 To t 1 At that moment, the nanoengine is in the acceleration phase, and the speed of the nanoengine is continuously increased from 0. At t 1 The motion rate of the nano engine is observed to be maximum V at any moment max =1.02mm/s. At t 1 -t 2 During the time period, the nano engine speed can be described as uniform motion, and the nano engine motion speed tends to be stable. At t 2 -t 3 In the time period, as the reaction process continues, the reactant is reduced, and the motion speed of the nano engine slowly and continuously reduces until the nano engine stops. Moving images fig. 3, fig. 3 is a graph of nano-engine motion speed versus time provided in example 2 of the present invention.
In the second phase, the motion of the nanomotor is a process of continuous acceleration and continuous deceleration. At an initial stage t 0 -t 1 At this time, as the electrolysis process proceeds, a large amount of ions are generated to accelerate the electrolysis rate, and the nano-motor movement speed continuously increases by about 0.68mm/s. At t 1 -t 2 At this time, as the electrolytic reaction proceeds, the reaction rate is decreased due to the decrease in the concentration of the electrolytic solution, and the kinetic energy generated is decreased. The speed of the nano-motor movement continues to slowly decrease until it stops. The moving image is as in fig. 3.
Example 3
1) The structure of the nano engine is as follows:
a nano-engine having a structure as shown in FIG. 1 comprises a case 1, a separator 2, an opening 3, a cathode 4, an anode 5, a lead 6 and an exhaust pipe 7. Wherein the thickness of the shell 1 is 100nm, and the material of the shell 1 is TiO 2 (ii) a One end of the shell 1 is hemispherical, the part connected with the hemispherical is cylindrical, the axial length of the cylindrical part of the shell 1 is 800nm, and the radial length is 500nm.
In this embodiment, the partition plate 2 divides the inner cavity of the housing 1 into two independent chambers in the radial direction of the cylinder,named first chamber and second chamber respectively; the isolation plate 2 is made of TiO 2 (ii) a The volume ratio of the first chamber to the second chamber is 3:1.
in this embodiment, the opening 3 is disposed on the wall of the first chamber and used as a passage for adding materials into the first chamber, and the shape of the opening 3 is a square with a side length of 50nm.
In this embodiment, the cathode 4 and the anode 5 are fixed on the separator 2, one end of the cathode 4 and one end of the anode 5 are located in the first chamber, the other end of the cathode 4 and the other end of the anode 5 are located in the second chamber, and the ends of the cathode 4 and the anode 5 located in the second chamber are connected through a wire 6.
In the present embodiment, the cathode 4 and the anode 5 are both graphite electrodes, and the wire 6 is a copper wire; the cathode 4 and the anode 5 are symmetrically arranged by taking the cylindrical axial direction as a center, and the shortest distances from the cathode 4 and the anode 5 to the inner wall of the shell 1 are both 80nm; the wire 6 has a diameter of 10nm and a length of 400nm.
In this embodiment, the exhaust pipe 7 penetrates the second chamber, and the air inlet end of the exhaust pipe 7 is located in the first chamber; the outlet end of the exhaust pipe 7 is located outside the casing 1 and at the other end opposite to the hemisphere of the casing 1. In this embodiment, the inner diameter of the exhaust pipe 7 is 80nm, and the material of the exhaust pipe 7 is TiO 2 . In the present embodiment, the number of the exhaust pipes 7 is two, and one of the two exhaust pipes 7 is located near the cathode 4 and the other is located near the anode 5. In this embodiment, the gas outlet end of the gas outlet pipe 7 is covered with a semi-permeable membrane that allows gas to pass through.
2) Preparing a nano engine:
2-1) preparation of Nano Engine Shell: porous Anodic Alumina (PAA) is used as a main template, a nano-structure basic unit is assembled in the holes of the template, a sol-gel method is used for preparing nanotubes with uniform tube diameters, the template is decomposed in a mixed solution of hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid with proper concentration, and a nano engine shell with stable property and good compatibility is separated.
2-2) preparation of graphite electrode: preparing graphite electrode, cyclohexane (C) by Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) 6 H 12 ) As a carbon source,H 2 and N 2 The mixed gas is taken as carrier gas, and the cyclohexane is carried by the bubbling tank to enter a reaction furnace; iron particles decomposed from ferrocene were used as reaction catalyst to provide nucleation for the growth of graphite electrodes.
2-3) preparation of copper wire: an aluminum oxide template is used as a working electrode, a copper sheet is used as a counter electrode, and a constant potential deposition method is adopted to prepare a copper wire with the diameter of about 10nm and the length of 400nm.
2-4) connection of copper wires to electrodes: and (3) performing nano welding by using laser, directly acting a high-energy electron beam on a connecting part of the copper wire and the graphite electrode for about 10min, and heating and melting a joint part to realize the welding of the copper wire and the electrode.
3) Evaluation of the service condition of the nano engine:
the nano-engine provided in this example above was placed in an operating environment at a simulated temperature of 37 c at a density of approximately p =1.05g/cm to 1.06g/cm 3 Fluid specific gravity of about ρ g =10 4 N/m 3 Viscosity of 3.5 cP. Sodium carbonate wrapped by the water-soluble nano composite film is put into the inner cavity of the nano engine, and the inner cavity loop is charged by adopting a wireless charging technology. The water-soluble film can be completely dissolved in water at normal temperature within a certain time, the sodium carbonate powder is contacted with a dilute hydrochloric acid solution with the concentration of 0.15mol/L, the current of an electrolytic loop is constant current with the decomposition voltage of 1V, and simultaneously the nano engine is started. And observing the running condition of the nano engine in the mixed solution by adopting a high-precision scanning electron microscope, and recording and analyzing data.
The motion of the nanomotor can be described essentially as an acceleration-uniform-deceleration process. At a starting time t 0 To t 1 At the moment when the reaction starts, the bubble generation in the first stage continues to increase, while the reaction in the second stage starts after a short delay, with a smaller acceleration of the generation due to the lower electrolysis rate. The nano-engine is in the acceleration phase and the speed of the nano-engine is continuously increased from 0. At t 1 The movement rate of the nanomotor was observed at the moment to be V =1.4mm/s. At t 1 -t 2 Within a time period, the nano engineThe speed can be described as uniform motion, the composite reaction and the electrolytic reaction are in a stable reaction stage in the time period, the nano engine obtains larger kinetic energy, the motion speed tends to be stable, and the average speed V =1.2mm/s in the time period. At t 2 -t 3 In the time period, as the reaction process continues, the reactant is reduced, the concentration of the electrolytic solution is reduced, and the motion speed of the nano engine slowly and continuously reduces until the nano engine stops. Moving images fig. 4, fig. 4 is a graph of nano-engine motion speed versus time provided in embodiment 3 of the present invention.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and amendments can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and amendments should also be considered as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A nano-engine, comprising:
the inner cavity of the shell is divided into a first cavity and a second cavity by a partition plate; an opening is formed in the wall of the first chamber;
the cathode and the anode are fixed on the separation plate, one end of each of the cathode and the anode is positioned in the first cavity, the other end of each of the cathode and the anode is positioned in the second cavity, and the cathode and the anode are connected through a lead at one end of the second cavity;
the exhaust pipe penetrates through the second cavity, the air inlet end of the exhaust pipe is positioned in the first cavity, and the air outlet end of the exhaust pipe is positioned outside the shell;
when the nano engine provides power, carbon dioxide generated by the reaction of sodium carbonate and hydrochloric acid in the first cavity is used for providing power of a first stage for the nano engine; and then, preparing hydrogen and chlorine by using a sodium chloride solution generated by the reaction of electrolytic sodium carbonate and hydrochloric acid to provide power of a second stage for the nano engine.
2. The nano-engine of claim 1, wherein one end of the housing is a hemisphere, and the outlet end of the exhaust pipe is disposed at the other end opposite thereto.
3. The nanomotor of claim 1, wherein the cathode is a graphite electrode; the anode is a graphite electrode.
4. The nanomotor of claim 1, wherein the wire is a copper wire.
5. The nanoengine of claim 1, wherein the gas outlet end of the exhaust pipe is covered with a semi-permeable membrane that allows gas to pass through.
6. The nano-engine according to claim 1, wherein the exhaust pipe is plural in number.
7. A method of powering a nanomotor comprising the steps of:
a) Adding sodium carbonate and hydrochloric acid into the first chamber of the nano-engine according to any one of claims 1 to 6 through the opening to close the opening; sodium carbonate and hydrochloric acid react in the first chamber, and gas generated by the reaction is released to the outside of the nano engine through the exhaust pipe to provide a first stage driving force;
b) And carrying out current transmission on the cathode and the anode in a wireless charging mode, electrolyzing a product obtained after reaction of sodium carbonate and hydrochloric acid in the first chamber by the cathode and the anode, and releasing gas generated by electrolysis to the outside of the nano engine through the exhaust pipe to provide a second stage of driving force.
8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that in step a) the sodium carbonate is coated with a water-soluble film before being introduced into the first chamber.
9. The method according to claim 7, wherein the concentration of the hydrochloric acid in the step a) is 0.05 to 0.5mol/L.
10. A nano robot, characterized in that the engine of the nano robot is the nano engine according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
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| CN1447995A (en) * | 2000-06-15 | 2003-10-08 | 瑞威欧公司 | Metal fuel cell with movable cathode |
| CN206666294U (en) * | 2016-12-15 | 2017-11-24 | 中建水务（深圳）有限公司 | Water treatment facilities |
| CN108325350A (en) * | 2018-01-24 | 2018-07-27 | 河海大学 | A kind of flow reactor and its device and method of electrochemical degradation volatile organic contaminant |
| CN108488002A (en) * | 2018-03-20 | 2018-09-04 | 安徽江淮汽车集团股份有限公司 | A kind of exhaust energy retracting device |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1447995A (en) * | 2000-06-15 | 2003-10-08 | 瑞威欧公司 | Metal fuel cell with movable cathode |
| CN206666294U (en) * | 2016-12-15 | 2017-11-24 | 中建水务（深圳）有限公司 | Water treatment facilities |
| CN108325350A (en) * | 2018-01-24 | 2018-07-27 | 河海大学 | A kind of flow reactor and its device and method of electrochemical degradation volatile organic contaminant |
| CN108488002A (en) * | 2018-03-20 | 2018-09-04 | 安徽江淮汽车集团股份有限公司 | A kind of exhaust energy retracting device |
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