CN111828144A - Improved three-way catalytic converter for automobile exhaust treatment - Google Patents
Improved three-way catalytic converter for automobile exhaust treatment Download PDFInfo
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- CN111828144A CN111828144A CN202010563084.5A CN202010563084A CN111828144A CN 111828144 A CN111828144 A CN 111828144A CN 202010563084 A CN202010563084 A CN 202010563084A CN 111828144 A CN111828144 A CN 111828144A
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- Prior art keywords
- way catalyst
- ceramic carrier
- automobile exhaust
- improved
- mounting
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/14—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having thermal insulation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
- F01N3/2803—Construction of catalytic reactors characterised by structure, by material or by manufacturing of catalyst support
- F01N3/2825—Ceramics
- F01N3/2828—Ceramic multi-channel monoliths, e.g. honeycombs
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
- F01N2570/10—Carbon or carbon oxides
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
- F01N2570/12—Hydrocarbons
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
- F01N2570/14—Nitrogen oxides
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of automobile exhaust treatment, and discloses an improved three-way catalyst for automobile exhaust treatment, which comprises an outer interlayer, wherein a heat insulation layer is fixedly arranged inside the outer interlayer, an inner interlayer is fixedly arranged inside the heat insulation layer, a liner is fixedly arranged in the middle of the inner side surface of the inner interlayer, and a ceramic carrier is fixedly arranged in the middle of the inner cavity of the liner. This improved generation three way catalyst converter for automobile exhaust handles, it has seted up the purification pore to be the circumference form through the inside at ceramic carrier, it is that whole three way catalyst converter just can appear exhausting not smooth phenomenon when the purification pore appears blockking up this moment, so the ceramic carrier is owing to appear blockking up so gas can promote ceramic carrier rearward movement this moment, reset spring just is compressed this moment and is driven ceramic carrier to move when the purification pore on ceramic carrier moves to the clearance post that is located the mounting panel rearward, the clearance post just can run through the purification pore and clear up the purification pore, the advantage that can conveniently clear up three way catalysis has been realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of automobile exhaust treatment, in particular to an improved three-way catalyst for automobile exhaust treatment.
Background
The three-way catalyst is installed outside the automobile exhaust system and can convert harmful gas, such as CO, HC, NOx, etc. exhausted from automobile exhaust into harmless carbon dioxide, water and nitrogen via oxidation and reduction. When high-temperature automobile exhaust passes through the purification device, the purifying agent in the three-way catalyst enhances the activity of three gases of CO, HC and NOx to promote the three gases to carry out certain oxidation-reduction chemical reaction, wherein CO is oxidized into colorless and nontoxic carbon dioxide gas at high temperature; HC compounds are oxidized at high temperature to water (H20) and carbon dioxide; NOx is reduced to nitrogen and oxygen. Three kinds of harmful gases are changed into harmless gases, so that the automobile exhaust can be purified.
When the existing three-way catalyst is used, if the automobile is used with the sulfur and phosphorus antioxidant-containing engine oil for a long time, the three-way catalyst is easily blocked, and meanwhile, because part of the automobiles always run in the city, the urban roads are generally blocked, and the automobiles generate the most incomplete combustion substances under the conditions of acceleration and deceleration, the carbon deposition in the three-way catalyst is serious, so that the three-way catalyst is easily blocked when running on the blocked roads for a long time, and the three-way catalyst is difficult to clean.
Meanwhile, when the existing three-way catalytic converter runs at a low speed or an idle speed of an engine, the rotating speed of the engine is possibly lower than one thousand revolutions at the moment, the quantity of generated waste gas is small, the quantity of the waste gas discharged into the three-way catalytic converter is small, the temperature of the three-way catalytic converter is increased slowly at the moment, the working temperature of the three-way catalytic converter can normally work only when reaching more than four hundred degrees, and the three-way catalytic converter can not normally work to treat tail gas at the moment.
Because the three-way catalyst is generally installed at the tail end of an exhaust pipe of an automobile, most of the exhaust pipes of the automobile are arranged at the rear end of a chassis, the ground clearance of the exhaust pipes is possibly lower than that of the chassis, and the exhaust pipes can be in contact with accumulated water when the automobile passes through some involved water surfaces, so that the surface of the three-way catalyst is easily corroded, and the service life of the three-way catalyst is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides an improved three-way catalyst for treating automobile exhaust, which has the advantage of conveniently cleaning three-way catalyst and solves the problems in the background technology.
The invention provides the following technical scheme: the utility model provides an improved generation three way catalyst converter for automobile exhaust handles, includes outer intermediate layer, outer interbedded inside fixed mounting has the heat insulation layer, the inside fixed mounting of heat insulation layer has interior intermediate layer, the middle part fixed mounting of interior intermediate layer medial surface has the liner, the middle part fixed mounting of the inner chamber of liner has ceramic carrier, ceramic carrier's front is the circumference form and has seted up the purification pore, liner medial surface fixed mounting has the mounting panel that is located ceramic carrier rear, the front of mounting panel is circumference form fixed mounting and has the clearance post.
Preferably, the upper side and the lower side of the rear end of the inner interlayer are fixedly provided with two rotating shafts, and the outer side surfaces of the two rotating shafts are movably provided with baffles.
Preferably, the heat-insulating layer is fixedly sleeved at the front end of the outer interlayer, and the anticorrosive layer is fixedly sleeved in the middle of the outer interlayer.
Preferably, the heat-insulating layer is made of asbestos, and the anticorrosive layer is made of inorganic silicon.
Preferably, the front side and the rear side of the inner side surface of the liner are fixedly provided with mounting frames, and the inside of each mounting frame is movably provided with a flow guide fan.
Preferably, the front surface of the mounting plate is provided with a ventilation groove in a concentric circle, the diameter of the cleaning column is the same as that of the purification hole, and a reset spring is fixedly connected between the mounting plate and the ceramic carrier.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. this improved generation three way catalyst converter for automobile exhaust handles, there is ceramic carrier through the inside contact at the liner, and be the circumference form in ceramic carrier's inside and seted up the purification hole, it is whole three way catalyst converter just can appear exhausting not smooth phenomenon when the purification hole appears blockking up this moment, so the ceramic carrier is owing to appear blockking up so gas can promote ceramic carrier to remove backward, reset spring just is compressed this moment and is driven ceramic carrier to remove when the purification hole on ceramic carrier shifts to the clearance post that is located the mounting panel backward, the clearance post just can run through the purification hole and clear up the purification hole, thereby realized conveniently clearing up three way catalytic advantage.
2. This improved generation is three way catalyst converter for automobile exhaust handles, rear end through including intermediate layer is equipped with two baffles, and including the equal fixed mounting in the upper and lower both ends of intermediate layer have a pivot, and the baffle then and pivot between the swing joint, the less it of displacement that the temperature that is three way catalyst converter this moment is lower while producing can be carried out the part by the baffle and blockked the inside rapid heating up of three way catalyst converter when the car is in idle speed or low-speed when traveling, and then the reaction between three way catalyst converter and the tail gas with higher speed, thereby realized avoiding three way catalyst to be in microthermal advantage for a long time.
3. This improved generation three way catalyst converter for automobile exhaust handles, the heat preservation has been cup jointed through the front end fixed at outer intermediate layer and the anticorrosive coating has been cup jointed at the middle part fixed of heat preservation, the heat preservation that the asbestos was made can keep the rising of the inside temperature of three way catalyst converter, the anticorrosive coating that inorganic silicon made has good anticorrosion characteristic, can prevent that the phenomenon of corruption from appearing in three way catalyst converter under adverse circumstances to realized the automobile through difficult advantage that leads to three way catalyst converter surface to appear corroding behind the road surface of wading.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the structure of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an exploded view of the structure of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of the structure of FIG. 2 at A;
fig. 5 is an enlarged view of the structure at B in fig. 3.
In the figure: 1. an outer interlayer; 2. a heat insulating layer; 3. an inner interlayer; 4. a liner; 5. a ceramic carrier; 6. a purge hole; 7. a heat-insulating layer; 8. an anticorrosive layer; 9. mounting a plate; 10. a ventilation groove; 11. cleaning the column; 12. a return spring; 13. a mounting frame; 14. a flow guiding fan; 15. a baffle plate; 16. a rotating shaft.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1-5, an improved three-way catalyst for treating automobile exhaust comprises an outer interlayer 1, a heat insulating layer 2 is fixedly mounted inside the outer interlayer 1, an inner interlayer 3 is fixedly mounted inside the heat insulating layer 2, a liner 4 is fixedly mounted in the middle of the inner side surface of the inner interlayer 3, a ceramic carrier 5 is fixedly mounted in the middle of the inner cavity of the liner 4, a purification hole 6 is circumferentially formed in the front surface of the ceramic carrier 5, a mounting plate 9 positioned behind the ceramic carrier 5 is fixedly mounted on the inner side surface of the liner 4, and a cleaning column 11 is circumferentially fixedly mounted on the front surface of the mounting plate 9.
Wherein, the equal fixed mounting in upper and lower both sides of 3 rear ends of interlining has pivot 16, and the quantity of pivot 16 is two, and the equal movable mounting of lateral surface of two pivot 16 has baffle 15, and it is the less its inside rapid heating up of three way catalyst converter that the displacement that produces simultaneously that the temperature of three way catalyst converter is lower this moment when the car is in idle speed or low-speed and goes can be carried out the part by baffle 15 and block promotion, and then accelerate the reaction between three way catalyst converter and the tail gas.
Wherein, the fixed heat preservation 7 that has cup jointed in front end of outer intermediate layer 1, the fixed anticorrosive coating 8 that has cup jointed in middle part of outer intermediate layer 1, the rising of the inside temperature of three way catalyst converter can be accelerated to heat preservation 7, anticorrosive coating 8 can prevent that the phenomenon of corruption from appearing under adverse circumstances in three way catalyst converter.
The heat-insulating layer 7 is made of asbestos, the anticorrosive layer 8 is made of inorganic silicon, the heat-insulating layer 7 made of asbestos can keep the temperature inside the three-way catalytic converter to rise, and the anticorrosive layer 8 made of inorganic silicon has good anticorrosive property and good high-temperature resistance.
Wherein, the equal fixed mounting in both sides has mounting bracket 13 around the liner 4 medial surface, and the inside movable mounting of mounting bracket 13 has water conservancy diversion fan 14, when automobile exhaust passes through the inside of three way catalyst converter, at first can react with inside purification hole 6 of leading-in the inside of ceramic carrier 5 with tail gas through water conservancy diversion fan 14.
Wherein, mounting panel 9's front is the concentric circles and has seted up ventilative groove 10, the diameter of 11 diameters of clearance post and purification hole 6 is the same, fixedly connected with reset spring 12 between mounting panel 9 and the ceramic carrier 5, so ceramic carrier 5 can promote ceramic carrier 5 backward movement owing to the jam appears, reset spring 12 just is compressed and drives ceramic carrier 5 and remove to the rear when the purification hole 6 displacement on ceramic carrier 5 is in the clearance post 11 on mounting panel 9, clearance post 11 just can run through purification hole 6 and clear up purification hole 6 this moment.
The working principle is as follows: when the improved three-way catalyst for treating the automobile exhaust is used, when the automobile exhaust passes through the inside of the three-way catalyst, the exhaust is firstly guided into the ceramic carrier 5 through the guide fan 14 to react with the purification holes 6 in the ceramic carrier, when the automobile runs at idle speed or low speed, the temperature of the three-way catalyst is lower, the generated exhaust volume is smaller, the exhaust volume is partially blocked by the baffle 15 to promote the rapid temperature rise in the three-way catalyst, and then the reaction between the three-way catalyst and the exhaust is accelerated, when the purification holes 6 are blocked, the phenomenon of unsmooth exhaust of the whole three-way catalyst occurs, at the moment, the gas pushes the ceramic carrier 5 to move backwards due to the blockage of the ceramic carrier 5, at the moment, the reset spring 12 is compressed to drive the ceramic carrier 5 to move backwards, and when the purification holes 6 on the ceramic carrier 5 are displaced to the cleaning columns 11 on the mounting plate 9, the cleaning column 11 can penetrate through the cleaning hole 6 to clean the cleaning hole 6.
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides an improved generation is three way catalyst converter for automobile exhaust handles, includes outer intermediate layer (1), its characterized in that: the inside fixed mounting of outer intermediate layer (1) has heat insulation layer (2), the inside fixed mounting of heat insulation layer (2) has interior intermediate layer (3), the middle part fixed mounting of interior intermediate layer (3) medial surface has liner (4), the middle part fixed mounting of the inner chamber of liner (4) has ceramic carrier (5), the front of ceramic carrier (5) is the circumference form and has seted up purification pore (6), liner (4) medial surface fixed mounting has mounting panel (9) that are located ceramic carrier (5) rear, the front of mounting panel (9) is circumference form fixed mounting and has clearance post (11).
2. The improved three-way catalyst for treating the automobile exhaust according to claim 1, characterized in that: the equal fixed mounting in upper and lower both sides of inlayer (3) rear end has pivot (16), the quantity of pivot (16) is two, two the equal movable mounting of lateral surface of pivot (16) has baffle (15).
3. The improved three-way catalyst for treating the automobile exhaust according to claim 1, characterized in that: the heat-insulating layer (7) is fixedly sleeved at the front end of the outer interlayer (1), and the anticorrosive layer (8) is fixedly sleeved at the middle part of the outer interlayer (1).
4. The improved three-way catalyst for treating the automobile exhaust according to claim 3, characterized in that: the heat-insulating layer (7) is made of asbestos, and the anticorrosive layer (8) is made of inorganic silicon.
5. The improved three-way catalyst for treating the automobile exhaust according to claim 1, characterized in that: equal fixed mounting in both sides has mounting bracket (13) around liner (4) medial surface, the inside movable mounting of mounting bracket (13) has water conservancy diversion fan (14).
6. The improved three-way catalyst for treating the automobile exhaust according to claim 1, characterized in that: the front surface of the mounting plate (9) is provided with a ventilation groove (10) in a concentric circle, the diameter of the cleaning column (11) is the same as that of the purification hole (6), and a return spring (12) is fixedly connected between the mounting plate (9) and the ceramic carrier (5).
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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CN202010563084.5A CN111828144A (en) | 2020-06-19 | 2020-06-19 | Improved three-way catalytic converter for automobile exhaust treatment |
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CN202010563084.5A CN111828144A (en) | 2020-06-19 | 2020-06-19 | Improved three-way catalytic converter for automobile exhaust treatment |
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CN202010563084.5A Pending CN111828144A (en) | 2020-06-19 | 2020-06-19 | Improved three-way catalytic converter for automobile exhaust treatment |
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN112761762A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-05-07 | 山东丰跃新能源科技有限公司 | Car environmental protection is with utilizing catalyst converter subassembly of wind pressure self-cleaning ceramic carrier |
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CN109184866A (en) * | 2018-11-12 | 2019-01-11 | 张众 | A kind of improved automotive vent gas treatment ternary catalyzing unit |
CN210078960U (en) * | 2019-05-09 | 2020-02-18 | 闻笑男 | Filter equipment for municipal administration water supply and drainage |
CN210153311U (en) * | 2019-04-17 | 2020-03-17 | 上海成航涡轮技术有限公司 | Butterfly valve with clean filtering capability |
CN210264877U (en) * | 2019-07-04 | 2020-04-07 | 南京交通职业技术学院 | Automobile exhaust emission pipe capable of purifying smoke |
CN210356177U (en) * | 2019-04-08 | 2020-04-21 | 南昌市湾里自来水有限责任公司 | Backwashing water filter |
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2020
- 2020-06-19 CN CN202010563084.5A patent/CN111828144A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN109184866A (en) * | 2018-11-12 | 2019-01-11 | 张众 | A kind of improved automotive vent gas treatment ternary catalyzing unit |
CN210356177U (en) * | 2019-04-08 | 2020-04-21 | 南昌市湾里自来水有限责任公司 | Backwashing water filter |
CN210153311U (en) * | 2019-04-17 | 2020-03-17 | 上海成航涡轮技术有限公司 | Butterfly valve with clean filtering capability |
CN210078960U (en) * | 2019-05-09 | 2020-02-18 | 闻笑男 | Filter equipment for municipal administration water supply and drainage |
CN210264877U (en) * | 2019-07-04 | 2020-04-07 | 南京交通职业技术学院 | Automobile exhaust emission pipe capable of purifying smoke |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN112761762A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-05-07 | 山东丰跃新能源科技有限公司 | Car environmental protection is with utilizing catalyst converter subassembly of wind pressure self-cleaning ceramic carrier |
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Application publication date: 20201027 |
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