CN111827991A - Method and system for calculating residual oil saturation corresponding to water flooded layer of water flooded grade - Google Patents
Method and system for calculating residual oil saturation corresponding to water flooded layer of water flooded grade Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a system for calculating residual oil saturation of a flooding layer at a flooding level. The method can solve the problem of residual oil saturation evaluation of different flooding levels, can accurately calculate the residual oil saturation, provides scientific basis for oil field development scheme adjustment, water control and oil stabilization and old well excavation, and has high popularization value and economic benefit.
Description
[ technical field ] A method for producing a semiconductor device
The invention belongs to the field of oil field development, and particularly relates to a method and a system for calculating residual oil saturation corresponding to a water flooded layer of a water flooded grade.
[ background of the invention ]
With the continuous development of oil and gas, many oil fields enter the middle and later development stages, and the reservoir flooding condition is serious. Although a large amount of oil resources have been produced, a considerable amount of the remaining oil resources are not produced, and the recovery efficiency is low. The core of the interpretation and evaluation of the water flooded layer is to determine the residual oil saturation after water flooding, and the accurate calculation of the residual oil saturation can provide technical support for the adjustment of an oil field development scheme, the water control and oil stabilization and the potential excavation of an old well.
At present, models for calculating the saturation of residual oil in a water flooded layer are mainly divided into three types:
(1) the saturation model based on the empirical formula, such as an Archie formula, a Simmond formula and an Indonesia formula, does not consider the complexity of an oil layer water flooding process and the dynamic change conditions of injected water and undisturbed formation water, and has larger error in the water flooding layer fine interpretation process.
(2) The saturation model based on the theory that injected water and undisturbed formation water are connected in parallel and conducted divides the volume of the rock of the water flooded layer into different components, and the model considers that the injected water and the original formation water are completely independent on the assumption that all the components are connected in parallel and conducted so as to calculate the resistivity of the rock;
in the formula, RwzIs the resistivity of the mixture, SwAs the water saturation of the formation, SwiTo restrict water saturation, RwiTo restrict the water resistivity, RwjIs the resistivity of the injection water.
However, the model does not consider the ion exchange effect between injected water and undisturbed formation water, and is only suitable for residual oil evaluation of the formation at the early stage of flooding.
(3) The resistivity model based on ion exchange and a substance balance equation is represented by a variable-multiple injection substance balance equation, the model assumes that ions are exchanged with each other, the number of the ions before and after mixing of two solutions is unchanged, and then the mineralization degree of the mixed liquid under different water saturations is calculated to obtain the resistivity of the mixed liquid:
in the formula, RwzIs the resistivity of the mixture, SwAs the water saturation of the formation, SwiTo restrict water saturation, RwiTo restrict the water resistivity, RwjIn order to obtain a resistivity for the injected water,
to the injection multiple, FwThe water yield is indicated.
However, the model is based on the premise that the injected water and the undisturbed formation water are completely mixed, has a larger difference with the real flooding mechanism, and is only suitable for the high flooding condition in the late stage of flooding.
Therefore, the three models do not consider the dynamic mixing characteristics of the injected water and the undisturbed formation water in different flooding stages, and the three models are only suitable for the flooding layer explanation of a specific flooding stage. Therefore, a residual oil saturation calculation model should be studied in depth to improve the quantitative interpretation precision of the water flooded layer.
[ summary of the invention ]
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a method and a system for calculating the saturation of residual oil corresponding to a water flooded layer of a water flooded grade; in order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme to realize the purpose:
a method for calculating the residual oil saturation corresponding to a water flooded layer of a water flooded grade comprises the following steps:
Step 2, combining initial water saturation S according to the phase permeability test result of the research stratumw0And t1Ion exchange law of time x1Obtaining t1Water saturation at time Sw1；
Step 3, repeating step 2, passing through t1Water saturation at time Sw1Results of phase permeation test and t2Ion exchange law of time x2Obtaining t2Water saturation at time Sw2；
Step 4, repeating the step 3 and performing iterative calculation till the water yield F in the two calculation processeswThe difference between the values is less than or equal to a set value and is the final water saturation Swt(ii) a The oil saturation is 1 minus the final water saturation Swt。
The invention is further improved in that:
preferably, in step 1, the initial formation water bottom layer resistivity R is measuredt0Substituting the initial water saturation degree S into a deformation form of an Archie formula by combining the lithology coefficient, the formation porosity, the cementation index and the total mixed liquor resistivity in the formation porosityw0。
Preferably, the specific process of step 2 is as follows:
step 2.1, aiming at the research stratum, carrying out a phase permeation test and combining the initial water saturation Sw0To obtain t1Relative permeability of the oil phase at time Kro1Relative permeability to aqueous phase Krw1；
Step 2.2, passing the relative permeability K of the oil phasero1Relative permeability to aqueous phase Krw2Calculating t1Water production rate at time Fw1；
Step 2.3, saturation S of waterw0Water production rate Fw1And t1Ion exchange law of time x1The resistivity formula of the mixed liquid is substituted, and t is obtained by calculation1Time of day total mix resistivity Rwz1；
Step 2.4, the total mixed resistivity Rwz1The t is obtained by calculation after being brought into an Archie formula1Water saturation at time Sw1。
Preferably, the method is characterized in that in step 2.2, the water yield is determined by the relative permeability K of the oil phasero1Relative permeability of the aqueous phase Krw2And viscosity of oil and viscosity of water.
Preferably, in step 2.3, the resistivity formula of the mixed liquor is as follows:
in the formula, RwzIs the total mixture resistivity, R, in the formation porewjFor resistivity of injected water, RwResistivity of undisturbed formation water, SwAs the water saturation of the formation, SwiFor formation irreducible water saturation, FwThe water yield is indicated.
Preferably, in step 2.4, the water saturation is calculated by the following formula,
wherein a and b are lithological coefficients, RwzIs the total mixture resistivity, R, in the formation poretIs the formation resistivity, phi is the formation porosity, m is the cementation exponent, and n is the saturation exponent.
Preferably, in step 2, when x is 0, all formation water which does not participate in ion exchange is in the formation; when x is 1, the formation is totally ion-exchanged formation water.
Preferably, in step 2, the ion exchange rate x is determined by core experiments.
Preferably, in step 4, the set value is 0.001.
10. A system for calculating remaining oil saturation for a flooded layer of a flooded grade, comprising:
the first calculation unit: for passing the initial formation water bottom layer resistivity Rt0Obtaining an initial water saturation Sw0；
A second calculation unit: for determining the water saturation S according to the results of the phase permeability testw0And t1Ion exchange law of time x1Obtaining t1Water saturation at time Sw1；
An iteration unit: for repeating the calculation steps of the second calculation unit, when the water yield F of the two calculation processeswThe difference between the water saturation values is less than or equal to a set value, the iteration is stopped, and the final water saturation S is obtainedwt；
A third calculation unit: for passing the final water saturation SwtResidual oil saturation was obtained.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention discloses a method and a system for calculating residual oil saturation of a flooding layer at a flooding level. The method can solve the problem of residual oil saturation evaluation of different flooding levels, can accurately calculate the residual oil saturation, provides scientific basis for oil field development scheme adjustment, water control and oil stabilization and old well excavation, and has high popularization value and economic benefit.
[ description of the drawings ]
FIG. 1 is an equivalent physical model of a water flooded layer;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an ion exchange rate determination method;
FIG. 3 is a remaining oil saturation calculation flow chart;
FIG. 4 is a graphical illustration of oil-water relative permeability modeling;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of actual well data processing results.
[ detailed description ] embodiments
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
in the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention; the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance; furthermore, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly and encompass, for example, both fixed and removable connections; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
The method for calculating the residual oil saturation of the flooded layers with different flooding levels, provided by the invention, is based on the ion exchange rate, can accurately calculate the residual oil saturation of the flooded layers with different flooding levels, and specifically comprises the following steps:
In the process of oil layer flooding, when the mineralization degree of the injected water is different from that of the original formation water, the injected water not only displaces oil in formation pores, but also carries out ion exchange with the original formation water, the ion exchange is related to the oil layer flooding degree, based on the ion exchange, an equivalent physical model of a flooding layer is established, and referring to fig. 1, the equivalent physical model of the flooding layer consists of six parts, which are sequentially from top to bottom: the device comprises a rock framework, argillaceous substances, residual oil, movable oil, upper formation water and lower formation water, wherein the upper formation water is formation water which does not participate in ion exchange, the lower formation water is formation water which is completely ion exchanged, and the volume of the movable oil, the volume of the formation water which does not participate in ion exchange and the volume of the formation water which is completely ion exchanged are all related to the volume of injected water mixed liquid and the flooding level and can be controlled through ion exchange rate parameters.
Step 2, determining a calculation formula of equivalent physical model residual oil saturation
Step 2.1, calculating the mineralization degree and the resistivity of the mixed liquid in the formation pores;
in order to meet the universality of residual oil saturation models of different flooding levels, according to the equivalent physical model established in the step 1, an ion exchange rate parameter is introduced, when injected water and formation water which does not participate in ion exchange are completely ion exchanged, a multiple injection water substance balance equation is met, when the ion exchange is completed, the formation water which does not participate in the ion exchange does not exist in the whole formation, and the mineralization degree of the formation water after complete mixing is expressed as:
in the formula, Cw1Is the mineralization degree of a mixed solution after the injected water and the formation water are completely ion exchanged, SwAs the water saturation of the formation, SwiFor formation irreducible water saturation, CwjFor injection of water salinity, CwDegree of water mineralization of undisturbed formation, FwIn terms of water yield, x is the ion exchange rate; among the above parameters Swi、CwjAnd CwAre all known fixed parameters.
The total mixed liquor salinity in the formation pores can be expressed by the degree of mineralization of the injected water with the part of the formation water mixed completely and the original formation water not participating in ion exchange:
in the formula, CwzThe total mixed liquor mineralization in the pores of the formation.
The above two formulas are combined to obtain the total mixed liquor mineralization degree in the formation pores:
accordingly, the total mixture resistivity in the formation pore space is the inverse of the mixture mineralization, so the formula is:
in the formula, RwzIs the total mixture resistivity, R, in the formation porewjFor resistivity of injected water, RwResistivity of undisturbed formation water, wherein RwjAnd RwAre all known parameters.
The ion exchange rate reflects the change of the flooding degree of an oil layer, when the ion exchange rate x is 0, the flooding layer explanation model based on the ion exchange rate is degraded into a flooding initial explanation model, and at the moment, the whole physical model has no formation water subjected to complete ion exchange and only formation water not participating in ion exchange; when the ion exchange rate x is 1, degrading the flooded layer interpretation model based on the ion exchange rate into a high flooded stage interpretation model at the late stage of flooding, wherein the whole indoor model has no formation water which does not participate in ion exchange and only has formation water which is completely ion exchanged; therefore, the formula (4) can find that after the ion exchange rate parameter is introduced, the universality of different flooding level models is ensured.
Step 2.2, calculating the saturation of the residual oil in the water flooded layer
Obtaining total mixed liquor resistivity R in formation poreswzAnd then, substituting the water saturation into an Archie formula so as to calculate the water saturation of the flooding layer:
wherein a and b are lithological coefficients, RwzIs the total mixture resistivity, R, in the formation poretIs the formation resistivity, phi is the formation porosity, m is the cementation index, and n is the saturation index; swThe water saturation of the stratum and the oil saturation of the stratum are 1-Sw. The oil saturation is subtracted from 100%.
And (3) obtaining the saturation of the residual oil of the water flooded layer through the step 2.
Step 3 determination of ion exchange Rate
The degree of mixing of the injected water with the virgin formation water can be expressed by the ion exchange rate, which is the proportion of the formation water that is ion exchanged at a certain time to the total virgin formation water.
Because geological conditions of various regions are different and geological parameters brought by the geological conditions are different, in order to enable the method to have universality, the ion exchange rate of a researched stratum needs to be determined through a core experiment, the specific core experiment measures resistivity, and the ion exchange rate is obtained through comparing the core resistivity with a calculated resistivity.
Formation resistivity RtIt can be expressed by the Archie's formula as:
in the formula, RwzAnd SwUnknown parameters, and the rest are known parameters.
The ion exchange rate x can be determined according to the results of the core experiment analysis and the formula (4) and the formula (6), and the following formula can be obtained,
in the above formula, a calculated value R of the formation resistivity is obtained by calculationtThe water saturation S under different ion exchange rates is obtained by adjusting the ion exchange rate x in the formula (7)wAnd formation resistivity RtWhen the results of the core experiment are matched with the calculated relationship curve, the corresponding ion exchange rate is the ion exchange rate of the investigated stratum as shown in fig. 2.
From FIG. 2, it was determined that the ion exchange rate x of the core A-10 in this example was 0.8.
Step 4, solving a new saturation model of a water flooded layer introducing ion exchange rate
The water flooding of the whole oil layer is a constantly changing process, so that the residual saturation S of the water flooding layeroThe calculation of (A) is also a constantly changing process, so that the residual saturation S of the flooded layer can be calculated in real time by establishing an iterative methodo. Calculating the saturation S of the residual oil of the flooded layer by using a formula (5)oThe mixed liquid resistivity R is requiredwzWater production rate FwAnd water saturation SwTherefore, the remaining oil saturation is obtained by using an iterative method, and a calculation flow chart is shown in fig. 3, which specifically includes the following steps:
step 4.1, imparting formation water resistivity RtThe initial value of (2) is obtained by transforming the Archie equation (6):
in the formula (8), a and b are lithology coefficients, phi is the formation porosity, m is the cementation index, four parameters are known parameters, RwzR is set for the total mixed liquor resistivity in the formation pores because the formation in the initial state has not yet been flooded with waterwzIs Rw(ii) a Calculation of the Water saturation S Using equation (8)w；
Step 4.2, carrying out a phase permeation test aiming at the research stratum; the water saturation combined with the phase permeation experiment was used to calculate the relative oil-water permeability, and in this example, a model of the relative oil-water permeability was constructed as shown in FIG. 4, where K is shownroRelative permeability of the oil phase, KrwFor the relative permeability of the water phase, K can be obtained by the phase permeation testroAnd the water saturation, and KrwAnd water saturationThe relative permeability of oil and water under different water saturation can be correspondingly calculated by fitting the relational expression;
step 4.3, on the basis of the step 4.2, calculating the water yield F by using the phase permeation data and combining the fluid viscosity information according to the following formula (9)wWherein, muoIs the viscosity of the oil, muwIs the viscosity of water, a known parameter, KrwAnd KroObtaining the result of (2);
step 4.4, the water saturation S calculated in the step 4.1 is usedwAnd the water yield F calculated in step 4.3wSubstituting the resistivity of the injected water into the formula (4), and calculating the resistivity of the mixed liquor by using the resistivity formula of the mixed liquor in the step 2 (namely the formula (4));
step 4.5, substituting the resistivity of the mixed liquor into the formula (5) to calculate the water saturation Sw；
And 4.6, returning to the step 4.2 and the step 4.3 again, calculating the relative permeability and the water yield until the water yields calculated in two adjacent times are close to each other, and outputting the water yield, the residual oil saturation and the mixed liquor resistivity at the moment.
The above calculation process is a system for calculating the remaining oil saturation corresponding to a water flooded layer of a water flooded grade, comprising:
the first calculation unit: for passing the initial formation water bottom layer resistivity Rt0Obtaining an initial water saturation Sw0I.e. the step of step 4.1 above;
a second calculation unit: for determining the water saturation S according to the results of the phase permeability testw0And t1Ion exchange law of time x1Obtaining t1Water saturation at time Sw1(ii) a Namely the steps from the step 4.2 to the step 4.5;
an iteration unit: for repeating the calculation steps of the second calculation unit, when the water yield F of the two calculation processeswThe difference between the water saturation values is less than or equal to a set value, the iteration is stopped, and the final water saturation S is obtainedwt(ii) a I.e. the step of step 4.6 above.
A third calculation unit: for passing the final water saturation SwtResidual oil saturation was obtained.
Example (b):
in order to verify the accuracy of the residual oil saturation calculation method, the water flooded well in the research area is processed and explained, and the processing parameters are as follows:
electrical parameter a 1.008 and b 1.013, viscosity of oil μo4.3 mPas, viscosity of water μw0.752mPa · s, undisturbed formation water resistivity Rw0.08 Ω · m, resistivity R of injected waterwjThe ion exchange rate x was 0.8 as 4.8 Ω · m.
The processing explanation result is shown in fig. 5, and as can be seen from fig. 5:
the first path is a lithology logging series path, and the well comprises natural gamma rays, natural potential and well diameter curves;
the second is a porosity logging series, and the well comprises a sound wave logging curve and a density logging curve;
the third path is a resistivity logging series path, and the well comprises two resistivity curves of a deep lateral direction and a front lateral direction;
the fourth way is that the resistivity R of the mixed liquid calculated by the inventionwz；
The fifth step is the water yield calculated by adopting the method;
and the sixth step is the comparison of the residual oil saturation calculated by the method and the oil saturation of the core analysis, wherein a bar chart is the oil saturation of the core analysis, a curve is the calculated residual oil saturation, and the comparison shows that the two are well matched, thereby proving the accuracy and the adaptability of the method for calculating the residual oil provided by the invention.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (10)
1. A method for calculating the residual oil saturation corresponding to a water flooded layer of a water flooded grade is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, initial formation water bottom layer resistivity R is passedt0Obtaining an initial water saturation Sw0；
Step 2, combining initial water saturation S according to the phase permeability test result of the research stratumw0And t1Ion exchange law of time x1Obtaining t1Water saturation at time Sw1；
Step 3, repeating step 2, passing through t1Water saturation at time Sw1Results of phase permeation test and t2Ion exchange law of time x2Obtaining t2Water saturation at time Sw2；
Step 4, repeating the step 3 and performing iterative calculation till the water yield F in the two calculation processeswThe difference between the values is less than or equal to a set value and is the final water saturation Swt(ii) a The oil saturation is 1 minus the final water saturation Swt。
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the initial formation water bottom layer resistivity R is determined in step 1 by calculating the remaining oil saturation level of the water flooded layer corresponding to the water flooded levelt0Substituting the initial water saturation degree S into a deformation form of an Archie formula by combining the lithology coefficient, the formation porosity, the cementation index and the total mixed liquor resistivity in the formation porosityw0。
3. The method for calculating the remaining oil saturation corresponding to the water flooded layer of the water flooded level as claimed in claim 1, wherein the specific process of step 2 is as follows:
step 2.1, aiming at the research stratum, carrying out a phase permeation test and combining the initial water saturation Sw0To obtain t1Relative permeability of the oil phase at time Kro1Relative permeability to aqueous phase Krw1；
Step 2.2, passing the relative permeability K of the oil phasero1Relative permeability to aqueous phase Krw2Calculating t1Water production rate at time Fw1；
Step 2.3, saturation S of waterw0Water production rate Fw1And t1Ion exchange law of time x1The resistivity formula of the mixed liquid is substituted, and t is obtained by calculation1Time of day total mix resistivity Rwz1；
Step 2.4, the total mixed resistivity Rwz1The t is obtained by calculation after being brought into an Archie formula1Water saturation at time Sw1。
4. The method of claim 3, wherein in step 2.2, said water yield is determined by the relative oil phase permeability Kro1Relative permeability of the aqueous phase Krw2And viscosity of oil and viscosity of water.
5. The method of claim 3, wherein in step 2.3, the mixed liquor resistivity formula is:
in the formula, RwzIs the total mixture resistivity, R, in the formation porewjFor resistivity of injected water, RwResistivity of undisturbed formation water, SwAs the water saturation of the formation, SwiFor formation irreducible water saturation, FwThe water yield is indicated.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein in step 2.4 the water saturation is calculated by the following formula,
wherein a and b are lithological coefficients, RwzIs the total mixture resistivity, R, in the formation poretIs the formation resistivity, phi is the formation porosity, m is the cementation exponent, and n is the saturation exponent.
7. The method for calculating the residual oil saturation of a flooding-level flooding layer according to claim 1, wherein in step 2, when x is 0, all the formation water that does not participate in ion exchange is in the formation; when x is 1, the formation is totally ion-exchanged formation water.
8. The method for calculating the residual oil saturation corresponding to the water flooded layer of the water flooded grade as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 2, the ion exchange rate x is determined by core experiments.
9. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the set value in step 4 is 0.001.
10. A system for calculating the residual oil saturation corresponding to a water flooded layer of a water flooded grade comprises:
the first calculation unit: for passing the initial formation water bottom layer resistivity Rt0Obtaining an initial water saturation Sw0；
A second calculation unit: for determining the water saturation S according to the results of the phase permeability testw0And t1Ion exchange law of time x1Obtaining t1Water saturation at time Sw1；
An iteration unit: for repeating the calculation steps of the second calculation unit, when the water yield F of the two calculation processeswThe difference between the water saturation values is less than or equal to a set value, the iteration is stopped, and the final water saturation S is obtainedwt；
A third calculation unit: for passing the final water saturation SwtResidual oil saturation was obtained.
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| CN113029908B (en) * | 2021-03-16 | 2021-11-26 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Laboratory measurement method for compact reservoir saturation index |
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