CN111827926A - Plugging process for micro-fractured and induced fractured stratum - Google Patents
Plugging process for micro-fractured and induced fractured stratum Download PDFInfo
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
- E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
- E21B33/13—Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices or the like
- E21B33/138—Plastering the borehole wall; Injecting into the formation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/42—Compositions for cementing, e.g. for cementing casings into boreholes; Compositions for plugging, e.g. for killing wells
- C09K8/426—Compositions for cementing, e.g. for cementing casings into boreholes; Compositions for plugging, e.g. for killing wells for plugging
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/42—Compositions for cementing, e.g. for cementing casings into boreholes; Compositions for plugging, e.g. for killing wells
- C09K8/46—Compositions for cementing, e.g. for cementing casings into boreholes; Compositions for plugging, e.g. for killing wells containing inorganic binders, e.g. Portland cement
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/42—Compositions for cementing, e.g. for cementing casings into boreholes; Compositions for plugging, e.g. for killing wells
- C09K8/46—Compositions for cementing, e.g. for cementing casings into boreholes; Compositions for plugging, e.g. for killing wells containing inorganic binders, e.g. Portland cement
- C09K8/467—Compositions for cementing, e.g. for cementing casings into boreholes; Compositions for plugging, e.g. for killing wells containing inorganic binders, e.g. Portland cement containing additives for specific purposes
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
- E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
- E21B33/13—Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices or the like
- E21B33/134—Bridging plugs
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2208/00—Aspects relating to compositions of drilling or well treatment fluids
- C09K2208/08—Fiber-containing well treatment fluids
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- C09K2208/00—Aspects relating to compositions of drilling or well treatment fluids
- C09K2208/10—Nanoparticle-containing well treatment fluids
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Abstract
The invention relates to a plugging process aiming at a micro-fractured and induced fractured stratum, which comprises the following steps of: s1, ensuring the well bore to be unobstructed; s2, pumping bridge slurry to seal the leakage layer; s3, pulling out the drill to be above the bridge slurry surface, and circularly applying pressure; s4, drilling down to the bottom to remove the leakage layer by using leakage stopping slurry; s5, controlling the displacement to ensure that the device is in a leakage-free state; s6, circulating plugging by using a slug plugging slurry to strengthen the well wall; s7, adding fine particle materials and trying to improve the discharge capacity; s8, after normal drilling is recovered, continuously increasing the content of the fine particle plugging material; and S9, after the leakage layer is drilled, verifying the stratum pressure-bearing capacity by improving the discharge capacity, and then finely adjusting the density to meet the next construction. The process method of the invention can change large seams into small seams, and can realize dense plugging more easily, and the formed plugging layer is more compact and has higher strength. The invention solves the problem that coarse particle plugging materials are easy to settle, can realize dynamic pressure bearing, and is not easy to generate induced cracks. The process method has the advantages of wide source of plugging materials, good temperature resistance, simple process and small construction risk.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of micro-fracture leakage prevention while drilling, in particular to a leakage stopping process aiming at micro-fractured and induced fracture strata.
Background
In the process of oil and gas field exploration and development, serious leakage can occur in a plurality of wells at the well section of the two-stacked system and the reservoir system. For example: the secondary system well leakage causes the instability of the three-system well wall, collapse and buried drilling, and leads to well filling sidetracking; the reservoir system is seriously lost and difficult to treat, and the well is forced to be abandoned; part of the well logging system is not successfully plugged for more than 100 days, and is forced to increase a first-level casing. The leakage problem of the two-fold system and the aspiration system becomes a technical bottleneck restricting exploration and development of the northward oil field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a plugging process method aiming at micro-fractured and induced fractured formations, which can successfully solve the problem of leakage loss of a two-fold system and a left-behind system, improve the success rate of leakage prevention on the basis of plugging, reduce the plugging time, improve the plugging time, greatly shorten the construction period and accelerate the exploration and development process of oil and gas fields.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a plugging process aiming at a micro-fractured and induced fractured stratum, which comprises the following steps:
s1, ensuring the well bore to be unobstructed;
s2, pumping bridge slurry to seal the leakage layer;
s3, pulling out the drill to be above the bridge slurry surface, and circularly applying pressure;
s4, drilling down to the bottom to remove the leakage layer by using leakage stopping slurry;
s5, controlling proper displacement to ensure that the underground is in a leakage-free state;
s6, circulating plugging by using a slug plugging slurry to strengthen the well wall;
s7, adding fine particle materials and trying to improve the discharge capacity;
s8, after normal drilling is recovered, continuously increasing the content of the fine particle plugging material;
and S9, after the leakage layer is drilled, verifying the stratum pressure-bearing capacity by improving the discharge capacity, and then finely adjusting the density of the drilling fluid to meet the next construction.
In the scheme, the bridge slurry pumped in the step S2 comprises the following components in parts by mass:
100 parts of well slurry, 2-3 parts of modified bamboo fiber, 2-3 parts of gel plugging agent, 4-6 parts of one-way pressure sealing agent, 4-6 parts of bridge plug plugging agent, 4-6 parts of fiber plugging agent, 4-6 parts of C-grade rigid plugging agent and 4-6 parts of D-grade rigid plugging agent.
In the scheme, the leaking stoppage slurry comprises the following components in parts by mass:
100 parts of well slurry, 4-6 parts of micro-crack while-drilling plugging agent MFP-I, 2-4 parts of high temperature resistant mineral fiber HPS, 2-3 parts of 100-mesh limestone, 2-3 parts of 200-mesh limestone, 2-3 parts of 400-mesh limestone, 2-3 parts of 800-mesh limestone, 2-3 parts of 1200-mesh limestone and 1-2 parts of nano plugging agent.
In the above solution, in step S1, the crack opening is predicted according to the leak-off type and the leak-off speed, and the leak-off type, the leak-off speed, and the crack opening satisfy the following relationships:
| drop-out classification | Loss rate (m)3/h) | Crack opening (mm) |
| Leakage of fluid | ＜2 | ＜0.4 |
| Micro-leakage | 2-5 | 0.4-1.0 |
| Small leak | 5-10 | 1.0-1.5 |
| Middle leakage | 10-30 | 1.5-2.5 |
| Large leak | ＞30 | ＞2.5 |
In the above scheme, the crack opening may be calculated by the following formula:
in the formula: q is the leak-off rate; μ is the fluid viscosity; beta is the effectiveness coefficient of the crack; b is the opening degree of the crack; l is the crack depth; w is the width of the crack; ρ is the drilling fluid density; h is the borehole vertical depth; v. of1Fluid velocity at the open end of the fracture, v2Is the fracture tip fluid velocity; g is the formation pressure gradient; l is the crack depth; and theta is the dip angle of the formation fracture.
The implementation of the plugging process for the micro-fractured and induced fractured stratum has the following beneficial effects:
the method is suitable for the problems of micro-cracks and fault development, long lost circulation well sections, multiple leak points and frequent leak caused by inductive opening when the method is operated in a deep well, adopts a mode of stopping the leak by using bridge slurry firstly and then dynamically plugging, and gradually improves the bearing capacity of the stratum by a mode of plugging the cracks while circulating the leaking layer. The invention has the advantages of better timeliness, stronger adaptability, more stable plugging layer and the like
The process method of the invention can change large seams into small seams, and can realize dense plugging more easily, and the formed plugging layer is more compact and has higher strength. The invention solves the problem that coarse particle plugging materials are easy to settle, can realize dynamic pressure bearing, and is not easy to generate induced cracks. The process method has the advantages of wide source of plugging materials, good temperature resistance, simple process and small construction risk.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, in which:
FIG. 1 is a flow diagram of a plugging process for microfracture and induced fracture formations according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a slug plugging slurry reinforced well wall construction process;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the result of analyzing the particle size distribution of a microcrack leak preventer MFP-I;
FIG. 4 is a photograph of mud cakes with different MFP-I loadings;
figure 5 is a micrograph of a mudcake taken by microscopy.
Detailed Description
For a more clear understanding of the technical features, objects and effects of the present invention, embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the plugging process method for microfracture and induced fracture formation of the present invention comprises the following steps:
s1, ensuring the smoothness of the well bore and providing good well bore conditions for plugging;
s2, pumping bridge slurry to seal the leakage layer when leakage occurs;
s3, pulling out the drill to be above the bridge surface, and trying to apply pressure circularly;
s4, drilling down to the bottom to remove the leakage layer by using leakage stopping slurry;
s5, controlling the displacement and ensuring the leakage-free state;
s6, circulating plugging by using a slug plugging slurry to strengthen the well wall;
s7, adding fine particle materials and trying to improve the discharge capacity;
s8, after normal drilling is recovered, continuously increasing the content of the fine particle plugging material;
and S9, after the leakage layer is drilled, verifying the stratum pressure-bearing capacity by improving the discharge capacity, and then finely adjusting the density to meet the next construction.
During plugging, the formula selection and effect of the plugging slurry have a great relationship with the opening degree of a crack, so that the opening degree of the crack is researched and predicted, the granularity and concentration of a plugging material are designed according to the opening degree of the crack, and finally the guiding formula design of the plugging slurry is completed.
In the formula: q-loss rate, m3S; μ -fluid viscosity, pa.s; the coefficient of effectiveness of the beta-crack; b-opening of the crack, m; (ii) a L-crack depth, m; w-crack width, m; rho-drilling fluid density, kg/m3(ii) a H-borehole vertical depth, m; v. of1Fluid velocity at the open end of the fracture, m/s, v2-fracture tip fluid velocity, m/s; g-formation pressure gradient, Pa/m; l-crack depth, m; theta-formation fracture dip angle.
And through a crack opening prediction calculation formula, when leakage actually occurs, the current crack width is predicted, and a basis is provided for a leakage stoppage slurry formula.
According to different crack openings, the application of the plugging and leakage-proof material can meet the following requirements:
(1) compounding various materials: research on the solid-phase blocking rule of the fractured stratum shows that a single rigid material is difficult to form stable bridges on the surfaces of the fractures. Even if a certain bridge plug is formed, under the action of fluctuating pressure (such as positive differential pressure rise of drilling), bridge plug particles can lose effectiveness along with the change of the width of a crack, and different action mechanisms and combination grading of materials with different particle sizes are needed.
(2) Deformable plugging: due to the complexity of fracture width, depth and the like, the rigid material combined grain size grading applied to unknown stratums under the action of geological and engineering conditions has defects, and cannot be well matched with the sizes of stratum pore fractures, so that the material with the deformability has an indispensable effect on dense plugging.
(3) Has a certain particle size range and particle size grading: because the fractures of the reservoir stratum develop, the distribution range of the fracture width is wide, if the selected material only has plugging capability to the fractures with a certain fracture width, the plugging material can not form bridge plugging for pore throats or microcracks smaller than the fracture width, and filtrate and small solid-phase particles invade the deep part of the fractures; and for larger gaps, the plugging material can invade the deep part of the gap along with the drilling fluid, so that the plugging is not facilitated. Therefore, the selected material has certain wide adaptability to reservoir fractures, namely, the selected material has a wide particle size range and a certain particle size grading, rigid particles and deformable particles with different particle sizes are quickly and effectively filled in multiple stages, a thin and compact mud cake is quickly formed on a well wall, and liquid phase transfer and pressure transfer between a shaft and a stratum are effectively reduced.
(4) The compatibility with drilling fluid is good: especially, the viscosity of the drilling fluid can not be increased, and the increase of the viscosity of the drilling fluid can increase the pressure of the drilling fluid at the bottom of a well and increase the risk of differential pressure and lost circulation due to the increase of the annular pressure loss.
Therefore, the stratum plugging material for plugging the micro-pore and the micro-fracture mainly adopts the deformable flexible material for plugging, the plugging material with multiple particle sizes is compounded, and the comprehensive plugging is carried out by applying multiple plugging mechanisms, so that the drilling fluid forms a layer of isolating membrane near the well wall, the permeability of the drilling fluid filter cake is reduced, and the plugging effect of the drilling fluid on the micro-fracture of the stratum is enhanced.
The microcrack leak preventer while drilling MFP-I is prepared by compounding flexible fibers as a main component, composite flexible flaky and deformed particles and nanometer and micron rigid particles with grain size grading, and has the technical advantages of sufficient functional components, reasonable grain size grading, good compatibility with drilling fluid and the like.
(1) Reasonable particle size distribution
As shown in FIG. 3, the particle size distribution of the leak preventer while drilling MFP-I is wide, and the ratio of the particle size of 0.05-0.125 mm is not less than 80%; the ratio of the granularity of more than 0.125mm is less than or equal to 5 percent; the grain size is less than 0.05mm and less than or equal to 15 percent. Evaluation results show that the material has a wide particle size distribution range, and the particle size meets the plugging requirement of regional stratum microcracks.
(2) Participate in forming a tough compact filter cake and retard liquid phase pressure transfer
Base slurry is prepared indoors, the formula is 4% of prehydrated bentonite slurry and 0.5% of medium molecular polymer, different amounts of microcrack leak preventer MFP-I are added on the basis, the compatibility of the microcrack leak preventer MFP-I and drilling fluid and the improvement degree of mud cake quality are inspected, and the experimental results are shown in table 1. As can be seen from the experimental data in Table 1, MFP-I has no influence on the viscosity and shear force of the drilling fluid, but the filtration loss is remarkably reduced, which indicates that the leakage preventer while drilling and solid-phase particles in the drilling fluid form proper particle size gradation, the plugging capability is improved, and the filtration loss is reduced.
TABLE 1 MFP-1 Effect on drilling fluid Performance
| Serial number | MFP-I addition% | AV/mPa·s | PV/mPa·s | YP/Pa | FLAPI/mL |
| 1 | 0 | 19 | 11 | 8 | 12.4 |
| 2 | 1 | 20 | 11 | 9 | 8.8 |
| 3 | 2 | 21 | 12 | 9 | 7.4 |
| 4 | 3 | 21.5 | 11 | 10.5 | 6.6 |
| 5 | 4 | 21 | 12 | 10 | 6.6 |
| 6 | 5 | 21.5 | 11.5 | 10 | 6.4 |
FIG. 4 shows the conditions of No. 1, No. 2, No. 4 and No. 6 test liquid mud cakes, and it can be seen from FIG. 4 that the base slurry mud cake is thick and weak, and the mud cake is thin and compact after MFP-I is added, and the mud cake is observed to be more compact with the increase of the addition of MFP-I. The result of microscopic analysis of the No. 2 test solution mud cake is shown in FIG. 5, in which it can be clearly seen that fiber materials, flexible sheet materials, etc. are dispersed in the mud cake, indicating that MFP-I participates in the formation of the mud cake, which is consistent with the phenomenon of significant reduction of the fluid loss. The addition of the MFP-I effectively improves the quality of mud cakes, reduces the permeability of the mud cakes, can effectively retard the transmission of liquid phase pressure and is beneficial to improving the bearing capacity of the stratum.
The plugging technology adopts the mode of stopping leakage by using bridge slurry and then dynamically plugging the leakage, and the following formula is summarized by performing bridge plug plugging on the left system for many times.
The bridge slurry comprises the following components in parts by mass:
100 parts of well slurry, 2-3 parts of modified bamboo fiber, 2-3 parts of gel plugging agent, 4-6 parts of one-way pressure sealing agent, 4-6 parts of bridge plug plugging agent, 4-6 parts of fiber plugging agent, 4-6 parts of C-grade rigid plugging agent and 4-6 parts of D-grade rigid plugging agent.
The leakage blocking slurry comprises the following components in parts by mass:
100 parts of well slurry, 4-6 parts of micro-crack while-drilling plugging agent MFP-I, 2-4 parts of high temperature resistant mineral fiber HPS, 2-3 parts of 100-mesh limestone, 2-3 parts of 200-mesh limestone, 2-3 parts of 400-mesh limestone, 2-3 parts of 800-mesh limestone, 2-3 parts of 1200-mesh limestone and 1-2 parts of nano plugging agent.
While the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, which are illustrative and not restrictive, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. A plugging process aiming at micro-fractured and induced fractured formations is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, ensuring the well bore to be unobstructed;
s2, pumping bridge slurry to seal the leakage layer;
s3, pulling out the drill to be above the bridge slurry surface, and circularly applying pressure;
s4, drilling down to the bottom to remove the leakage layer by using leakage stopping slurry;
s5, controlling proper displacement to ensure that the underground is in a leakage-free state;
s6, circulating plugging by using a slug plugging slurry to strengthen the well wall;
s7, adding a micron-millimeter level plugging material, and trying to improve the discharge capacity;
s8, after normal drilling is recovered, continuously increasing the content of the fine particle plugging material;
and S9, after the leakage layer is drilled, verifying the stratum pressure-bearing capacity by improving the discharge capacity, and then finely adjusting the density of the drilling fluid to meet the next construction.
2. A process for plugging a microfracture and induced fracture formation according to claim 1, wherein the bridge slurry pumped in the step S2 comprises the following components in parts by mass:
100 parts of well slurry, 2-3 parts of modified bamboo fiber, 2-3 parts of gel plugging agent, 4-6 parts of one-way pressure sealing agent, 4-6 parts of bridge plug plugging agent, 4-6 parts of fiber plugging agent, 4-6 parts of C-grade rigid plugging agent and 4-6 parts of D-grade rigid plugging agent.
3. A process for plugging a microfracture and induced fracture formation according to claim 1, wherein the plugging slurry comprises the following components in parts by mass:
100 parts of well slurry, 4-6 parts of micro-crack while-drilling plugging agent MFP-I, 2-4 parts of high temperature resistant mineral fiber HPS, 2-3 parts of 100-mesh limestone, 2-3 parts of 200-mesh limestone, 2-3 parts of 400-mesh limestone, 2-3 parts of 800-mesh limestone, 2-3 parts of 1200-mesh limestone and 1-2 parts of nano plugging agent.
4. A process for plugging a microfracture and induced fracture formation according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, the fracture opening is predicted according to the leak-off type and the leak-off speed, and the leak-off type, the leak-off speed and the fracture opening satisfy the following relations:
5. A process for plugging a microfracture and induced fracture formation according to claim 4, wherein the fracture opening is further calculated by the following formula:
in the formula: q is the leak-off rate; μ is the fluid viscosity; beta is the effectiveness coefficient of the crack; b is the opening of a crackDegree; l is the crack depth; w is the width of the crack; ρ is the drilling fluid density; h is the borehole vertical depth; v. of1Fluid velocity at the open end of the fracture, v2Is the fracture tip fluid velocity; g is the formation pressure gradient; l is the crack depth; and theta is the dip angle of the formation fracture.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113803003A (en) * | 2021-08-10 | 2021-12-17 | 中石化石油工程技术服务有限公司 | Plugging method for nano-micron developed shale pores |
Citations (5)
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| CN113803003B (en) * | 2021-08-10 | 2023-05-05 | 中石化石油工程技术服务有限公司 | Plugging method for nano-micron development shale pores |
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| CN111827926B (en) | 2022-12-23 |
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