CN111825739A

CN111825739A - Anti-inflammatory triterpenoid saponin compound and extraction method and application thereof

Info

Publication number: CN111825739A
Application number: CN202010552679.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 何祥久; 王宜海; 雷艳琼; 黄雨颖
Original assignee: Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
Current assignee: Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
Priority date: 2018-06-25
Filing date: 2018-06-25
Publication date: 2020-10-27
Anticipated expiration: 2038-06-25
Also published as: CN108659092B; CN111825739B; CN108659092A

Abstract

The invention discloses an anti-inflammatory triterpenoid saponin compound and an extraction method and application thereof. The compound is a novel triterpenoid saponin compound, is identified through physicochemical constants and modern spectroscopy, defines the physicochemical properties and the chemical structure of the compound, and provides powerful reference data for further research and development of the value of triterpenoid chemical components in Quercus acutissima Quercus; the separation and purification method is simple, efficient and mild; meanwhile, pharmacodynamic tests show that: the 3 novel triterpenoid saponin compounds provided by the invention have better in-vitro anti-inflammatory activity and anti-inflammatory activity on BV-2 cells, and show that the compounds, the tautomers thereof and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof have great potential for preparing novel anti-inflammatory or Alzheimer disease treatment medicines, and lay the foundation for further development of anti-inflammatory or Alzheimer disease treatment medicines.

Description

Anti-inflammatory triterpenoid saponin compound and extraction method and application thereof

The invention relates to a divisional application of an invention patent application with the application date of 2018.06.25 and the application number of 201810663783.X, and the invention provides an anti-inflammatory triterpene saponin compound and an extraction method and application thereof.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of medicines, in particular to an anti-inflammatory triterpenoid saponin compound and an extraction method and application thereof.

Background

Inflammation is a defense reaction of living tissues with a vascular system to injury factors, most diseases are accompanied by inflammation, the inflammation can aggravate the occurrence and development of the diseases, and some chronic inflammations can cause the occurrence of tumors, so that the inflammation control and treatment are very important.

Natural drugs, especially those derived from plants, have a wide variety of chemical structures and biological activities, and have been a major source of diseases prevention and treatment in humans. Many drugs applied clinically are directly or indirectly derived from natural products, the natural products can be used not only as semi-synthetic precursors of drugs, but also as templates of chemical synthetic drugs, and provide a new idea for the design of new drugs, and the natural products have become one of the main sources for finding new drugs or lead compounds.

Quercus serrata var boubei Brevipetioplata is a plant of genus Quercus (Fagaceae) of family Fagaceae. The oak crop is one of the earliest wild woody grain crops utilized in the traditional society of China, and has a long utilization history. The quercus robusta is rich in species and wide in distribution, and is one of the main tree species of warm-zone and subtropical forests. Recorded in Bencao gang mu, acorn of oak is astringent and warm in nature and flavor, and mainly indicated for diarrhea, fat and intestines, and health-care.

Modern pharmacological experiment research shows that: quercus serrata has antiinflammatory, antitumor, antibacterial and antiviral effects. The main active component in the Quercus parviflora Quercus is a triterpenoid saponin component, but the existing research on the chemical components of the Quercus parviflora Quercus is not thorough enough, so the triterpenoid chemical components in the Quercus parviflora Quercus are worthy of further research, development and utilization.

The invention carries out systematic separation on the triterpenoid saponin component of the Quercus serrata to obtain a novel triterpenoid saponin compound, and the chemical structure and the anti-inflammatory activity of the novel triterpenoid saponin compound are not reported.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide an anti-inflammatory triterpenoid saponin compound and an extraction method and application thereof.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

a triterpenoid saponin compound, a tautomer thereof and a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof are disclosed, wherein the structural formula of the compound is as follows:

preferably, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the triterpenoid saponin compound is sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, ferrous, lead, barium, copper, ammonium or zinc salt thereof.

The invention also aims to provide an extraction method of the triterpenoid saponin compound, which comprises the following steps:

(1) pulverizing Quercus serrata seed, drying, extracting with ethanol to obtain extractive solution;

(2) sequentially extracting the extracting solution with a low-polarity solvent, a medium-polarity solvent and a high-polarity solvent to obtain a high-polarity layer;

(3) subjecting the high-polarity layer to macroporous resin column chromatography, and eluting with lower alcohol or its water solution to obtain effective components Y and Z;

(4) performing silica gel column chromatography on the effective part Y, after gradient elution of the medium-polarity-high-polarity solution, performing reversed-phase thin layer analysis, wherein the volume ratio of the medium-polarity solution to the high-polarity solution is 3: performing ODS column chromatography on the elution part of 1, after gradient elution by using lower alcohol or aqueous solution thereof, performing semi-preparative reverse phase HPLC on the elution part of 40% lower alcohol aqueous solution through silica gel and reverse phase thin layer analysis to obtain a compound 1;

(5) performing ODS column chromatography on the effective part Z, after gradient elution of lower alcohol or aqueous solution thereof, performing thin-layer analysis, performing silica gel column chromatography on a 50% lower alcohol aqueous solution elution part, after gradient elution of medium-polarity-high-polarity solution, performing reversed phase and silica gel thin-layer chromatography analysis, wherein the volume ratio of the medium-polarity solution to the high-polarity solution is 15: 1, performing semi-preparative reverse phase HPLC to obtain a compound 2;

(6) performing silica gel column chromatography on the effective part Y, after gradient elution of the medium-polarity-high-polarity solution, performing reversed phase thin layer analysis, wherein the volume ratio of the medium-polarity solution to the high-polarity solution is 5: performing low-medium pressure C8 column chromatography on the elution part of 1, performing gradient elution on lower alcohol or water solution thereof, performing reversed phase and silica gel thin layer chromatography, and performing semi-preparative reversed phase HPLC on the elution part of 40% lower alcohol water solution to obtain a compound 3;

wherein the lower alcohol refers to C1-6 alkyl alcohol.

Preferably, the Quercus serrata seed in the step (1) is pulverized to have a particle size of 35 μm to 64 μm.

Preferably, the step (1) adopts 60-90% of alcohol for extraction.

More preferably, step (1) is performed with 70% alcohol.

Preferably, the alcohol used in the alcohol extraction of step (1) is ethanol, and the alcohol of a specific concentration in the present invention refers to the concentration in an aqueous solution thereof, unless otherwise specified.

Preferably, step (1) is performed with alcohol more than 1 time.

Preferably, the alcohol extraction in the step (1) is performed for 1-5 times.

More preferably, step (1) is performed with 4 alcohol extractions.

Preferably, the weight ratio of the volume of the alcohol to the Quercus serrata seeds in the step (1) is (3-5) L: 1 Kg.

More preferably, the weight ratio of the volume of alcohol to the Quercus serrata seeds in step (1) is 4.8L: 1 Kg.

Preferably, the low-polarity solvent in the steps (2), (4), (5) and (6) is at least one selected from hydrocarbon solvents such as cyclohexane, petroleum ether, hexane, isooctane, trimethylpentane, cyclopentane and heptane; the medium polar solvent is at least one selected from ethyl acetate, chloroform, dichloromethane, diethyl ether, methyl formate, nitromethane, butyl acetate and isopropyl ether; the high-polarity solvent is selected from at least one of n-butanol, methanol, tert-butanol, propanol, isopropanol, ethanol, acetone, tetrahydrofuran, and pyridine.

Preferably, the low polarity solvent in step (2) is selected from cyclohexane; the medium polar solvent is selected from ethyl acetate; the high-polarity solvent is selected from n-butanol.

Preferably, the medium polar solvent in steps (4), (5), (6) is selected from chloroform; the highly polar solvent is selected from methanol.

Preferably, the order of gradient elution in step (3) is: 0-100% of a lower alcohol or an aqueous solution thereof, namely: aqueous solution, 10% lower alcohol aqueous solution, 30% lower alcohol aqueous solution, 50% lower alcohol aqueous solution, 70% lower alcohol aqueous solution, and 100% lower alcohol aqueous solution.

Wherein the concentration of the lower alcohol in the aqueous solution refers to the volume percentage of the lower alcohol in the solution.

Preferably, Y in step (3) is an eluted fraction of a 70% lower alcohol aqueous solution, and Z is an eluted fraction of a 100% lower alcohol aqueous solution.

More preferably, the lower alcohol of step (3) is selected from methanol, and the effective fraction is a fraction eluted with 70% methanol aqueous solution and 100% methanol solution.

Preferably, when the medium polar solvent in step (4) is selected from chloroform, the high polar solvent is selected from methanol, and the lower alcohol is selected from methanol, the chloroform-methanol gradient elution order is 100: 0 to 0: 1 (volume ratio) of chloroform-methanol solution, and methanol-water gradient elution order of 20-100% of methanol or its water solution.

Preferably, when the medium-polarity solvent in step (5) is selected from chloroform, the high-polarity solvent is selected from methanol, and the lower alcohol is selected from methanol, the methanol-water gradient elution order is 30-100% methanol or its water solution, and the chloroform-methanol gradient elution order is 100: 0 to 0: 1 (volume ratio) of chloroform-methanol solution.

Preferably, when the medium polar solvent in step (6) is selected from chloroform, the high polar solvent is selected from methanol, and the lower alcohol is selected from methanol, the chloroform-methanol gradient elution order is 100: 0 to 0: 1 (volume ratio) of chloroform-methanol solution, and methanol-water gradient elution order of 20-100% of methanol or its water solution.

Preferably, the lower alcohol is at least one selected from methanol, ethanol and propanol.

More preferably, the lower alcohol is selected from methanol.

The invention also provides a preparation method of the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the triterpenoid saponin compound, which comprises the following steps: dissolving the triterpenoid saponin compound and corresponding alkaline salt in a solvent, and precipitating the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the triterpenoid saponin compound from the solution.

Preferably, the preparation method of the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the triterpenoid saponin compound comprises the following steps: any one of the

compounds

1, 2 and 3 extracted by the invention and corresponding alkaline salt are mixed in a solvent, stirred and dissolved, kept stand and separated out of precipitate, thus obtaining pharmaceutically acceptable salt.

Preferably, the basic salt is selected from any one of basic lead acetate, basic calcium acetate, basic magnesium acetate, basic iron acetate, basic ferrous acetate, basic zinc acetate, barium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide.

Preferably, the solvent is at least one selected from water, ethanol, methanol, butanol and pentanol.

Preferably, the stirring time is 0.1-30 min, and the stirring temperature is 40-80 ℃.

More preferably, the stirring time is 8-12 min, and the stirring temperature is 45-60 ℃.

Preferably, standing for 0.1-60 min at 2-6 ℃.

More preferably, the mixture is placed in a temperature of 3-5 ℃ for standing for 20-40 min.

Preferably, the molar ratio of compound 1 to basic salt is 1: 1-6, wherein the molar ratio of the compound 2 to the basic salt is 1: 1-2, wherein the molar ratio of the compound 3 to the basic salt is 1: 1 to 4.

The research shows that: the extracted triterpenoid saponin compound has a remarkable inhibition effect on an inflammation medium NO, and the effect is obviously superior to that of an anti-inflammatory drug indometacin, so that the triterpenoid saponin compound, the tautomer thereof and the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof have great potential for preparing a novel anti-inflammatory drug.

In addition, Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a central neurodegenerative disease with progressive cognitive impairment and memory impairment, with changes in mood and character, that severely affects the working ability and quality of life of the patient. Nowadays, the incidence of alzheimer's disease is increasing year by year. The main pathological features of AD are protein plaques formed by extracellular beta-amyloid deposition and neuron fiber tangles formed by intracellular microscopic related protein hyperphosphorylation, which finally cause inflammation, oxidative stress, neuron death and the like to cause AD symptoms. Microglia (BV-2) are central immune cells that, in the activated state, inhibit beta-amyloid deposition and aggregation. Numerous studies have shown that the neuroinflammatory response triggered by BV-2 activation, which is caused by a variety of factors, plays an important role in the development of AD, and experiments have shown that: the triterpene saponin compound extracted by the application has anti-inflammatory activity on BV-2 cells, so the triterpene saponin compound, the tautomer thereof and the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof have great potential for preparing novel medicines for treating Alzheimer disease.

Therefore, based on the above studies, another object of the present invention is to provide the use of the above triterpene saponin compounds, their tautomers, and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts in the preparation of anti-inflammatory drugs and drugs for treating alzheimer's disease.

Preferably, the inflammation is any one of neuroinflammation, pneumonia, hepatitis, mastitis, gastritis, bursitis, thromboangiitis obliterans and myocarditis.

The active ingredients of the medicine comprise the triterpenoid saponin compound, the tautomer thereof and the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and further comprise a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, a diluent, an excipient, a stabilizer and an antioxidant.

Preferably, the carrier is selected from at least one of starch, chitosan, alginic acid, agar, fibrin, collagen, polyphosphate, polyurethane, polyanhydride, liposome, polyethylene glycol, mannose, galactose and povidone.

Preferably, the diluent is selected from at least one of microcrystalline cellulose, lactose, mannitol, starch, saccharin.

Preferably, the excipient is selected from at least one of mannose, glycine, lactose, sodium chloride, glucose.

Preferably, the stabilizer is selected from at least one of albumin, collagen, cyclodextrin and its derivatives, polyethylene glycol, tween, span, dextran, and mannitol.

Preferably, the antioxidant is at least one selected from VC, VE, benzoic acid, citric acid and its salt, sorbic acid, sodium sulfite, sodium bisulfite, sodium metabisulfite and sodium thiosulfate.

Preferably, the anti-inflammatory or alzheimer disease treatment drug is any one dosage form selected from oral agents, injections, powders, granules, capsules, pills, tablets, suppositories, films, aerosols, sprays, powder aerosols, sustained-release and controlled-release agents, targeting preparations and powders.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the invention extracts 3 novel triterpenoid saponin compounds from Quercus parviflora Quercus, identifies the compounds through physicochemical constants and modern wave spectroscopy, defines the physicochemical properties and chemical structures of the compounds, and provides powerful reference data for further researching and developing and utilizing the value of triterpenoid chemical components in Quercus parviflora Quercus.

2. The separation and purification method is simple, efficient, mild, clear in structure and controllable in quality, and components of the triterpenoid saponin compound can be well preserved.

3. Pharmacodynamic tests show that: the 3 novel triterpenoid saponin compounds provided by the invention have better in-vitro anti-inflammatory activity and anti-inflammatory activity on BV-2 cells, and show that the triterpenoid saponin compounds, the tautomers thereof and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof have great potential for preparing novel anti-inflammatory drugs or drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease, and lay the foundation for further development of anti-inflammatory drugs or drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a gas chromatogram after acid hydrolysis of Compound 1;

FIG. 2 is a gas chromatogram of acid hydrolysis of D-glucopyranose;

FIG. 3 is a drawing of Compound 1¹H-NMR spectrum;

FIG. 4 is a drawing of Compound 1¹³A C-NMR spectrum;

FIG. 5 is a HR-ESI-MS spectrum of Compound 1;

FIG. 6 is an HMBC spectrum of compound 1;

FIG. 7 is a NOESY spectrum of Compound 1;

FIG. 8 is a gas chromatogram after acid hydrolysis of Compound 2;

FIG. 9 is a drawing of Compound 2¹H-NMR spectrum;

FIG. 10 shows Compound 2¹³A C-NMR spectrum;

FIG. 11 is a HR-ESI-MS spectrum of Compound 2;

FIG. 12 is an HMBC spectrum of compound 2;

FIG. 13 is a NOESY spectrum of Compound 2;

FIG. 14 is a gas chromatogram after acid hydrolysis of Compound 3;

FIG. 15 is a drawing of Compound 3¹H-NMR spectrum;

FIG. 16 is a drawing of Compound 3¹³A C-NMR spectrum;

FIG. 17 is a HR-ESI-MS spectrum of Compound 3;

FIG. 18 is an HMBC spectrum of compound 3;

FIG. 19 is an HSQC spectrum of Compound 3;

FIG. 20 is a NOESY spectrum of Compound 3;

FIG. 21: (A) protein expression profiles of LPS-induced BV-2 cell COX-2 and INOS for different concentrations of compound; (B) the protein expression level of (A) was quantified.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples. It will also be understood that the following examples are included merely for purposes of further illustrating the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, as the invention extends to insubstantial modifications and adaptations of the invention following in the light of the principles set forth herein. The specific process parameters and the like of the following examples are also only one example of suitable ranges, and the skilled person can make a selection within the suitable ranges through the description herein, and are not limited to the specific data of the following examples.

Example 1 extraction of triterpenoid saponins

(1) Collecting 34.5kg of dried Quercus serrata L, extracting in two equal batches, extracting with 60L 70% ethanol at 60 deg.C under reflux for four times, mixing all extractive solutions, and concentrating under reduced pressure to obtain 30L extractive solution;

(2) sequentially extracting the extracting solution in the step 1) with cyclohexane, ethyl acetate and n-butanol of equal volume to obtain 595.29g of n-butanol layer;

(3) subjecting the n-butanol layer (500.6g) to macroporous resin column chromatography, and gradient eluting with methanol water solution (H)₂O, 10% methanol aqueous solution, 30% methanol aqueous solution, 50% methanol aqueous solution, 70% methanol aqueous solution, pure methanol; v/v) to obtain an effective fraction of a 70% methanol aqueous solution eluate (Y) and a 100% methanol aqueous solution eluate (Z);

(4) subjecting Y to silica gel column chromatography, performing gradient elution with chloroform-methanol solution (100: 1-0: 1: v/v) to divide the Y into 10 parts, performing reverse phase thin layer analysis, performing medium-low pressure ODS column chromatography on the 8 th part (elution part with the volume ratio of chloroform to methanol solution being 3: 1, namely 3: 1 chloroform-methanol elution part) of the Y, performing gradient elution with methanol aqueous solution (20% -100%), performing silica gel and reverse phase thin layer analysis, and performing HPLC preparation on the 3 rd part (40% methanol aqueous solution elution part) of the Y to obtain a compound 1;

(5) performing medium-low pressure ODS column chromatography on Z, performing gradient elution on a methanol aqueous solution (30-100%), performing silica gel column chromatography on the 4 th fraction (50% methanol aqueous solution elution part) by silica gel thin-layer chromatography, performing gradient elution (100: 1-0: 1; v/v) by a chloroform-methanol solution, performing reversed phase and silica gel layer chromatography, and performing HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) on the 7 th fraction (15: 1 chloroform-methanol solution elution part) to obtain a compound 2;

(6) and (2) performing silica gel column chromatography on the Y, performing gradient elution (100: 1-0: 1; v/v) by using a chloroform-methanol solution, dividing the Y into 10 parts, performing reverse phase thin layer analysis, performing medium-low pressure C8 column chromatography on the 6 th part (5: 1 chloroform-methanol solution elution part), performing gradient elution by using a methanol water solution (20-100%), performing reverse phase and silica gel thin layer chromatography, and performing HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) on the 2 nd part (40% methanol water solution elution part) to prepare the compound 3.

Identification of triterpenoid saponin compound

1. Identification of compound 1:

the compound 1 obtained by separation and purification is white amorphous powder, which is blue to vanillin-sulfuric acid and 10% sulfuric acid-ethanol, and D-glucose is detected by acid hydrolysis (see figures 1-2), and the compound is presumed to be a triterpenoid saponin compound.

Further carrying out Compound 1 in view of the above presumption¹H-NMR、¹³C-NMR, HR-ESI-MS, HMBC and NOESY spectral analysis confirm, the results are shown in the figure 3-7:

from FIG. 3¹The H-NMR spectrum shows that: six characteristic methyl signals in the triterpene sapogenin appear in a high field region, namely_H1.68, 1.40, 1.18, 1.09, 1.07 and 1.06Two hydrogen signals at chemical shift H7.86, which are presumed to be symmetrical hydrogen signals on the benzene ring, hydrogen signal at chemical shift H6.30, which is presumed to be a terminal hydrogen signal of a saccharide, and hydrogen signal at chemical shift H5.53, which is presumed to be a hydrogen signal of a double bond, are shown in Table 1^aColumns;

from FIG. 4¹³The C-NMR (DEPT) spectrum shows that: the compound has a total carbon signal of 43, C177.3 is an ester carbonyl carbon signal, C139.7 and C128.5 are double bond carbon signals, combined¹H-NMR spectrum, supposing that the triterpene is a ursane type triterpene, C96.0 is a terminal carbon signal of a sugar, 9 oxygen-linked carbon signals exist in the range of chemical shift C79.5-C62.7, wherein C74.3, 79.2, 71.5, 79.5 and 62.7 are carbon signals of the sugar, the rest 4 oxygen-linked carbon signals are respectively supposing that carbon signals of hydroxyl groups are connected to C-2, C-3, C-19 and C-23, and a group of gallic acid carbon signals exist in the carbon spectrum: c121.7(C-1 "), 110.3 (C-2"), 147.7(C-3 "), 140.9 (C-4"), 147.7(C-5 "), 110.3 (C-6"), 167.3(C-7 "), with specific data shown in Table 1 as 1^aColumns;

the HR-ESI-MS spectrum of FIG. 5 shows the excimer ion peak M/z M/z 841.4011[ M + Na [ ]]⁺(Calcd forC₄₃H₆₂O₁₅Na,841.3981) suggesting a molecular weight of 818, binding¹H-NMR and¹³C-NMR (DEPT) confirmed that the molecular formula is C₄₃H₆₂O₁₅；

From the HMBC map of fig. 6, it can be seen that: firstly, starting from H-23 (H4.69), the derivatives are related to C-24 (C14.3), C-4(C43.5), C-5 (C48.9) and C-7' (C167.3); starting from H-2 '(H7.86), the derivatives are related to C-6' (C110.2), C-1 '(C121.7), C-4' (C140.9), C-3 '(C147.7) and C-7' (C167.3); starting from C-28 (C177.4), the derivatives are related to H-1' (H6.30), H-16 (H3.03), H-17 (H1.87), H-18 (H2.92) and H-22 (H1.89), so that glycosyl is connected to C-28, and gallic acid is connected to C-23;

from the NOESY pattern of FIG. 7, which shows the correlation signals of H-2 with H-25 (. beta.), H-3 and H-5 (. alpha.), H-19 and H-29 (. beta.), respectively, it can be confirmed that the relative configuration of Compound 1 is 2. alpha., 3. beta., 19. alpha. -trihydroxy;

by combining the above analysis, it can be determined that compound 1 is 23-O-gallic acid-2 α,3 β,19 α -trihydroxy-12-ene-28-O- β -D-glucopyranosyl-ursolic acid, and its structural formula is as follows:

2. identification of compound 2:

the compound 2 obtained by separation and purification is white amorphous powder, and it is blue to vanillin-sulfuric acid and 10% sulfuric acid-ethanol, D-glucose is detected by acid hydrolysis (see figure 8), and the compound is presumed to be a triterpenoid saponin compound.

Further carrying out Compound 2 in view of the above presumption¹H-NMR、¹³C-NMR, HR-ESI-MS, HMBC and NOESY spectral analysis confirm, the result is shown in the figure 9-13:

from FIG. 9¹The H-NMR spectrum shows that: six characteristic methyl signals of the triterpene sapogenin appear in the high field region, namely H1.61 (H-27), 1.22(H-24), 1.14(H-29), 1.13(H-26), 1.02(H-25) and 0.98(H-30), the hydrogen signal at a chemical shift H6.37 is presumed to be a terminal hydrogen signal of one sugar, and the hydrogen signal at a chemical shift H5.49 is presumed to be a hydrogen signal of one double bond, and specific data are shown in 2 in the table 1^bColumns;

from FIG. 10¹³The C-NMR (DEPT) spectrum shows that: the 40 carbon signals, wherein C177.6 (C-28) is an ester carbonyl carbon signal, C144.6 (C-13) and 123.5(C-12) are carbon signals of a double bond, which can be presumed to be an olean-type triterpene by referring to the hydrogen spectrum of FIG. 14, C103.1 (C-1 ') is a carbon signal of a hemiacetal, C96.0 is a terminal carbon signal of a saccharide, 9 oxygen-linked carbon signals are present in the chemical shifts of C90.9 to C62.4, wherein C74.4 (C-2'), 79.2(C-3 '), 71.3 (C-4'), 79.6(C-5 ') and 62.4 (C-6') are carbon signals of saccharides, and the remaining 4 oxygen-linked carbon signals are presumed to be C-2, C-3, C-19 and C-23 hydroxyl groups, respectively, in comparison with Arjunucoside I, the compound 2 is found to have one more butyl carbon signal group which is respectively C103.1 (C-1') and C37.7(C-2 '), C17.5 (C-3 '), and C15.1 (C-4 '), and shifted from C78.3 to C90.9 at the C-3 position and from C64.3 to C78.6 at the C-23 position, whereby the formation of an acetal structure by linking the butylcarbon signals at the C-3 and C-23 positions is presumed, as specified in Table 1, see 2^bColumns;

the HR-ESI-MS spectrum of FIG. 11 shows the excimer ion peak M/z 743.4341[ M + Na [ ]]⁺(Calcd forC43H62O15Na,743.4341) suggesting a molecular weight of 720 for Compound 2, binding Compound 2¹H-NMR and¹³C-NMR (DEPT) confirmed that the molecular formula is C₄₀H₆₄O₁₁；

From the HMBC map of fig. 12, it can be seen that: from H-4' (_H0.85) with C-2 ″ (_C37.6)、C-3”(_C17.7) are related; from H-3 "- (_H1.53) starting with C-4 ″ (_C14.5)、C-2”(_C37.6)、C-1”(_C103.2) is relevant, so it can be determined that these four carbons are a butyl carbon signal; and then from C-1 ″ (_C103.2) with H-3: (_H3.34)、H-23(_H3.86)、H-2”(_H1.75)、H-3”(_H1.53) are relevant, therefore, the structure of an acetal formed by connecting a butyl carbon signal group with C-3 and C-23 can be determined, and the conjecture based on carbon spectrum information is also proved; starting from C-28 (C177.6), the glycosyl is related to H-1' (H6.38), H-16 (H2.84), H-18 (H3.52) and H-22 (H2.05), so that the glycosyl is connected to C-28;

the relative signals of H-2 with H-25 (. beta.), H-3 and H-5 (. alpha.), H-19 and H-29 (. beta.) were observed from the NOESY pattern of FIG. 13, confirming that the relative configuration of Compound 2 is 2. alpha., 3. beta., 19. alpha. -trihydroxy;

by combining the above analysis, it can be determined that compound 2 is 3, 23-O-butyl-2 α,3 β,19 α, 23-tetrahydroxy-12-en-28-O- β -D-glucopyranosyl-oleanolic acid, which has the following structural formula:

3. identification of compound 3:

the compound 3 obtained by separation and purification is white amorphous powder, and it is blue to vanillin-sulfuric acid and 10% sulfuric acid-ethanol, D-glucose is detected by acid hydrolysis (see figure 14), and the compound is presumed to be a triterpene saponin compound.

Further carrying out Compound 3 in view of the above presumption¹H-NMR、¹³C-NMR, HR-ESI-MS, HMBC, HSQC and NOESY spectral analysis determine, the result is shown in the figure 15-20:

from FIG. 15¹The H-NMR spectrum shows that: the high field region has 5 characteristic methyl signals in triterpene sapogenin, which are respectively H0.93 (C-27), 0.98(C-25), 1.04(C-24), 1.17(C-26) and 1.71(C-30), the hydrogen signal at chemical shift H6.45 is presumed to be the terminal hydrogen signal of a saccharide, the hydrogen signals at chemical shifts H4.73 and 4.86 are presumed to be the hydrogen signal of a double bond, and the specific data are shown in 3 in Table 1^a；

From FIG. 16¹³The C-NMR (DEPT) spectrum shows that: the pattern has a total of 36 carbon signals, including 5 secondary carbons, 12 tertiary carbons, and 6 quaternary carbons. One ester carbonyl carbon signal at C175.3 (C-28); carbon signals at C151.3 (C-19) and C110.5 are exocyclic double bonds, combined with hydrogen profiles, which are presumed to be a triterpene to lupane; a terminal carbon signal for one sugar at C95.8; in the range of C60-C80, there are 8 oxygen-connecting carbon signals, wherein C62.6, 71.5, 74.7, 79.3 and 79.8 are sugar signals on sugar, oxygen-connecting carbon signals on sugar are removed, and three oxygen-connecting carbon signals are presumed to be hydroxyl carbon signals on triterpene mother nucleus, and the specific data are shown in 3 in Table 1^a；

The HR-ESI-MS spectrum of FIG. 17 shows the excimer ion peak M/z 673.3922[ M + Na [ ]]⁺(Calcd forC₄₃H₆₂O₁₅Na,673.3925), suggesting that compound 3 has a molecular weight of 650, binding¹H-NMR and¹³C-NMR (DEPT) confirmed that the molecular formula is C₃₆H₅₈O₁₀；

From the HMBC map of fig. 18, it can be seen that: starting from H-1 (H2.35), there are correlations with C-2 (C69.5), C-3 (C78.6), C-10 (C39.0), C-25 (C18.4); starting from H-23 (H3.71), the derivatives are related to C-3 (C78.4), C-4(C44.7), C-5 (C48.5) and C-24 (C14.5); and the substitution rule of triterpenoid C-23 and C-24 linked oxygen is as follows: namely, when C-23 is linked with oxygen, the chemical shift of C-24 methyl is 15-20 ppm; when C-24 is linked with oxygen, the chemical shift of C-23 methyl is about 20-25, and hydroxyl is respectively linked at C-2, C-3 and C-23 positions by combining the attribution of HMBC and HSQC (see figure 19);

from the NOESY spectrum of FIG. 20, it can be observed that H-2 and H-25 (. beta.), H-3 and H-5 (. alpha.), and it was confirmed that the relative configuration of Compound III is 2. alpha., 3. beta. -dihydroxy;

in combination with the above analysis, compound 3 was identified as 2 α,3 β, 23-trihydroxy-20 (29) -ene-28-O- β -D-glucopyranosyl-lupane, having the following structural formula:

TABLE 1

Note:^aNMR spectra were obtained on an Avance III-500NMR spectrometer;

^bNMR spectra were obtained on an Avance III-600NMR spectrometer;

"- -" indicates that there is no such data.

Anti-inflammatory activity test of triterpenoid saponin compounds

An in-vitro inflammation model is established by BV-2 (mouse microglia) induced by LPS (lipopolysaccharide), the influence of the compound on BV-2 inflammation medium NO induced by lipopolysaccharide is investigated by MTT and Griess experiments, and an anti-inflammatory drug Indomethacin (Indomethacin) is used as a positive control.

1. MTT assay

BV-2 cells are inoculated in a 96-well plate, after being cultured for 24 hours, a test sample to be tested is added, after being cultured for 24 hours, the inhibition rate of the sample on the proliferation of tumor cells is determined by an MTT method, and the inhibition rate of the cell proliferation is (negative control group OD value average value-sample group OD value average value) ÷ (negative control group OD value average value-blank control group OD value average value) × 100 percent, and the half inhibition concentration of the tested sample is calculated by Calcusyn software (IC 50).

2. Griess experiment

Inoculating BV-2 cells into a 96-well plate, culturing for 24 hours, adding a test sample to be tested, culturing for 24 hours, sucking 50 mu L of culture solution of each well, adding 50 mu L of Griess A reagent and 50 mu L of Griess B reagent, uniformly mixing, measuring an OD (optical density) value at 546nm by using an enzyme labeling instrument, calculating the inhibition rate on NO (model control group OD value average value-sample group OD value average value) ÷ (model control group OD value average value-negative control group OD value average value) × 100%, and calculating the half inhibition concentration (IC50) of the tested sample by using Calcusyn software;

the results of the above tests are shown in Table 2 below:

TABLE 2

3. Western Blot experiment

The cells in exponential growth phase are planted in a 96-well plate, and compounds 1-3 (12.5, 25, 50 mu mol. L) with different concentrations are respectively added^-1) And extracting the total proteins of each group at corresponding time points, performing electrophoresis by using 10% polyacrylamide gel, performing Western blot experiment according to a conventional operation method, and finally developing and imaging by using an ECL kit. Each group of experiments was repeated 3 times, and the results are shown in FIG. 21, wherein ". X" in the figure indicates the significance of LPS relative to the control group (CTL), "#" indicates the significance of triterpenoid saponins relative to actin (actin),^#p＜0.05，^##p＜0.01，^###p＜0.001；^*p＜0.05，^***p＜0.01，^***p＜0.001)。

as can be seen from Table 2: the compounds 1-3 of the invention have certain in vitro anti-inflammatory activity, wherein the

compounds

1 and 3 have obvious inhibition effect on inflammation medium NO, and the effect is obviously better than that of the anti-inflammatory drug indometacin;

as can be seen from fig. 21: when the concentration is 25.0 and 50.0 mu mol.L^-1The

compounds

1, 2 and 3 can obviously reduce the expression of COX-2 and INOS proteins of BV-2 cells induced by LPS, and the suggestion is that: compounds 1, 2, 3 may down-regulate NO biosynthesis by inhibiting COX-2 and INOS expression, which may be one of the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of

compounds

1, 2, 3;

the results show that the Quercus serrata triterpenoid saponin compounds 1-3 have great potential as novel anti-inflammatory or Alzheimer disease treatment medicines or for preparing novel anti-inflammatory or Alzheimer disease treatment medicines.

Claims

1. A triterpenoid saponin compound, a tautomer thereof and a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof are characterized in that: the structural formula of the triterpenoid saponin compound is as follows:

2. the triterpene saponin compounds, the tautomers thereof, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof according to claim 1, wherein: the pharmaceutically acceptable salt is a sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, ferrous, lead, barium, copper, ammonium or zinc salt thereof.

3. The method for extracting triterpenoid saponin compounds according to claim 1, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:

(4) performing silica gel column chromatography on the effective part Y, after gradient elution of the medium-polarity-high-polarity solution, performing reversed phase thin layer analysis, wherein the volume ratio of the medium-polarity solution to the high-polarity solution is 5: subjecting the eluate of step 1 to low-pressure C8 column chromatography, gradient eluting with lower alcohol or its water solution, reverse phase and silica gel thin layer chromatography, and subjecting the 40% lower alcohol water solution eluate to semi-preparative reverse phase HPLC to obtain triterpene saponin compounds

Wherein the lower alcohol refers to C1-6 alkyl alcohol.

4. The extraction method according to claim 3, characterized in that: the low-polarity solvent in the steps (2) and (4) is selected from at least one hydrocarbon solvent such as cyclohexane, petroleum ether, hexane, isooctane, trimethylpentane, cyclopentane, heptane and the like; the medium polar solvent is at least one selected from ethyl acetate, chloroform, dichloromethane, diethyl ether, methyl formate, nitromethane, butyl acetate and isopropyl ether; the high-polarity solvent is selected from at least one of n-butanol, methanol, tert-butanol, propanol, isopropanol, ethanol, acetone, tetrahydrofuran, and pyridine.

5. The extraction method according to claim 3, characterized in that: y in the step (3) is an eluted part of a 70% lower alcohol aqueous solution, and Z is an eluted part of a 100% lower alcohol aqueous solution.

6. The extraction method according to claim 3, characterized in that: the lower alcohol is selected from at least one of methanol, ethanol and propanol.

7. A method for preparing a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a triterpene saponin compound as claimed in claim 1 or 2, which comprises: dissolving the triterpenoid saponin compound and corresponding alkaline salt in a solvent, and precipitating the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the triterpenoid saponin compound from the solution.

8. The use of the triterpene saponin compounds of claim 1 or 2, tautomers thereof and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof in the preparation of anti-inflammatory drugs or drugs for treating alzheimer disease.

9. Use according to claim 8, characterized in that: the inflammation is selected from any one of neuroinflammation, pneumonia, hepatitis, mastitis, gastritis, bursitis, thromboangiitis obliterans and myocarditis.

10. An anti-inflammatory or Alzheimer disease treating drug, wherein the active ingredient comprises the triterpenoid saponin compound, the tautomer thereof and the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as claimed in claim 1 or 2, and further comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, a diluent, an excipient, a stabilizer and an antioxidant.