CN111817666B - Circuit applied to intelligent management of photovoltaic module and starting method thereof - Google Patents
Circuit applied to intelligent management of photovoltaic module and starting method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111817666B CN111817666B CN202010798051.9A CN202010798051A CN111817666B CN 111817666 B CN111817666 B CN 111817666B CN 202010798051 A CN202010798051 A CN 202010798051A CN 111817666 B CN111817666 B CN 111817666B
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S50/00—Monitoring or testing of PV systems, e.g. load balancing or fault identification
- H02S50/10—Testing of PV devices, e.g. of PV modules or single PV cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
- H02J13/00002—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by monitoring
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
- H02J13/00006—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment
- H02J13/00007—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using the power network as support for the transmission
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
- H02J13/00032—Systems characterised by the controlled or operated power network elements or equipment, the power network elements or equipment not otherwise provided for
- H02J13/00036—Systems characterised by the controlled or operated power network elements or equipment, the power network elements or equipment not otherwise provided for the elements or equipment being or involving switches, relays or circuit breakers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02B90/20—Smart grids as enabling technology in buildings sector
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S40/00—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them
- Y04S40/12—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them characterised by data transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated electrical equipment
- Y04S40/121—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them characterised by data transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated electrical equipment using the power network as support for the transmission
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a circuit applied to intelligent management of a photovoltaic module and a starting method thereof. The circuit comprises a voltage detection unit for detecting the output voltage of the photovoltaic module, a module management module for monitoring one or more items of target data of the photovoltaic module, a power supply module for taking power from the photovoltaic module and supplying power to the module management module, and a virtual load. The voltage detection unit controls the virtual load to cut off power from the photovoltaic assembly when the output voltage exceeds the threshold voltage, and controls the photovoltaic assembly to supply power to the virtual load when the output voltage is lower than the threshold voltage. The power supply module is controlled by the power consumption comparison result output by the controller and the voltage comparison result output by the voltage detection unit, and the power supply module is started only when the output voltage of the photovoltaic module exceeds the threshold voltage and the power consumption of the virtual load is higher than that of the module management module.
Description
Technical Field
The invention mainly relates to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation, in particular to a circuit applied to intelligent management of a photovoltaic module and a starting method of the circuit.
Background
Based on the monitoring pressure of the photovoltaic power station on the component, a set of reasonable monitoring and communication mechanisms are necessary to be established, and parameter data of the component board can be extracted from the component board through the monitoring mechanisms, and the data can be fed back to a proprietor or a user. The traditional monitoring means comprises manual recording and electronic equipment recording with a data acquisition function, after data aggregation, the current office automation software can compare and display the enumerated parameter data, and the common table is enumerated and displayed and is used for being referred by owners or users according to the recorded and displayed data. Disadvantages of the conventional scheme are: the data corresponding to the huge battery component array cannot be processed due to the massive degree of the data, and even if some components fail or fail, the data is not directly and intuitively referenced, so that the time from the generation of the component failure to the resolution of the failure is seriously delayed.
The photovoltaic module is used as an important core component of the photovoltaic power generation system, the overall effect of the power generation system is directly affected by the excellent performance of the photovoltaic module, but in practice, the photovoltaic module is subjected to more constraint factors, and the characteristic difference of each battery module can cause the loss of the coupling combination efficiency. The photovoltaic module array is generally connected in series-parallel, and if a certain battery module is shaded or dust or shielded or aged to reduce power, all battery modules connected in series in the link may be affected by the reduction of current intensity. In order to ensure the safety and reliability of the operation of the photovoltaic array, it is important to fully exert the maximum power generation efficiency of each photovoltaic cell assembly and ensure that the photovoltaic cell assembly is in a normal operation state, so that real-time parameters such as output voltage and current, power and the environmental temperature of the photovoltaic cell assembly need to be monitored in time. Especially, the abnormal conditions such as damage or aging of the components need to be monitored in time, so that the monitoring data information can provide basis for the improvement and optimization of each battery component, and the failed or aged components can be rapidly positioned and repaired in time. Whether attempting to achieve active control of the battery assembly by an external device or sending parameter information of the battery assembly locally to the external device involves communication problems with the photovoltaic cell assembly monitoring system. The application is to be described in the following, which is applied to a circuit which can only be managed by a photovoltaic module and a starting method thereof, and the circuit and external equipment realize one-way or two-way communication.
The output characteristics of the photovoltaic module can be affected in the early morning, the evening or other weak light moments, and the output voltage of the photovoltaic module can possibly generate unstable jump phenomenon. For an intelligent management system of a photovoltaic module, a direct current source such as the photovoltaic module is often used as a power supply source of the intelligent management system, and instability of output voltage of the photovoltaic module can cause frequent downtime of the module management system or fall into a vicious circle of continuous restarting and continuous shutdown. The intelligent management of the photovoltaic module comprises the shutdown management of the photovoltaic module, the output power management of the photovoltaic module and the like besides the conventional working parameter monitoring.
Disclosure of Invention
In an alternative embodiment, the application discloses a circuit applied to intelligent management of a photovoltaic module, comprising:
the voltage detection unit is used for detecting the output voltage of the photovoltaic module and comparing the output voltage with a threshold voltage;
The assembly management module is used for monitoring one or more items of target data of the photovoltaic assembly;
the power supply module is used for taking power from the photovoltaic module and supplying power to the module management module;
virtual (dummy) loads powered by the photovoltaic module;
The power supply module is enabled only if the output voltage of the photovoltaic module exceeds a threshold voltage and the power consumption of the virtual load is higher than the power consumption of the module management module.
The above-mentioned circuit that is applied to photovoltaic module intelligent management, wherein:
The voltage detection unit includes:
A voltage divider for dividing the output voltage to obtain a divided voltage value of the output voltage scaled down in a predetermined ratio;
and the comparator is used for comparing the divided voltage value with a preset voltage and obtaining a voltage comparison result, and the threshold voltage is reduced according to the preset proportion to obtain the preset voltage.
The above-mentioned circuit that is applied to photovoltaic module intelligent management, wherein:
The component management module is a data monitoring module, which comprises:
The data acquisition device is used for acquiring target data at least comprising output voltage and output current of the photovoltaic module;
and the controller is used for operating the matched communication module to send the target data.
The above-mentioned circuit that is applied to photovoltaic module intelligent management, wherein:
the controller is also configured to collect and compare power consumption of the virtual load with power consumption of the component management module.
The above-mentioned circuit that is applied to photovoltaic module intelligent management, wherein:
the communication module includes a power line carrier modulator that transmits target data in a power line carrier manner.
The above-mentioned circuit that is applied to photovoltaic module intelligent management, wherein:
The virtual load is connected between the anode and the cathode of the photovoltaic module through a branch switch, and when the output voltage exceeds the threshold voltage, the branch switch is triggered to be turned on, and when the output voltage is lower than the threshold voltage, the branch switch is triggered to be turned off.
The above-mentioned circuit that is applied to photovoltaic module intelligent management, wherein:
The power supply module includes:
a voltage conversion circuit and a driver for driving the voltage conversion circuit to perform voltage conversion;
The voltage conversion circuit is selected from one of a buck conversion circuit, a boost conversion circuit and a buck-boost conversion circuit.
The above-mentioned circuit that is applied to photovoltaic module intelligent management, wherein:
the controller is also used for collecting and comparing the power consumption of the virtual load with the power consumption of the component management module;
the power consumption comparison result output by the controller and the voltage comparison result output by the voltage detection unit jointly control the driver;
the output voltage exceeds the threshold voltage and the power consumption of the virtual load is higher than the power consumption of the component management module, the driver is enabled to perform voltage conversion to enable the power supply module.
The above-mentioned circuit that is applied to photovoltaic module intelligent management, wherein:
the multi-stage photovoltaic modules are connected in series, and the respective output voltages of the multi-stage photovoltaic modules are mutually overlapped on the bus;
The target data of each stage of photovoltaic modules are broadcast to the bus by the module management module of each stage of photovoltaic modules in a power line carrier mode.
The above-mentioned circuit that is applied to photovoltaic module intelligent management, wherein:
The voltage detection unit includes:
A voltage divider for dividing the output voltage to obtain a divided voltage value of the output voltage scaled down in a predetermined ratio;
A hysteresis comparator (SCHMITT TRIGGER) for comparing the divided value with a preset voltage range;
The voltage value range of the threshold voltage is between a set upper limit voltage value and a set lower limit voltage value, the upper limit voltage value is reduced according to the preset proportion to obtain an upper threshold voltage of the preset voltage range, and the lower limit voltage value is reduced according to the preset proportion to obtain a lower threshold voltage of the preset voltage range.
In an alternative embodiment, the application discloses a circuit applied to intelligent management of a photovoltaic module, comprising:
the voltage detection unit is used for detecting the output voltage of the photovoltaic module and comparing the output voltage with a threshold voltage;
The assembly management module is used for controlling whether the photovoltaic assembly is turned off (shutdown);
the power supply module is used for taking power from the photovoltaic module and supplying power to the module management module;
virtual (dummy) loads powered by the photovoltaic module;
The power supply module is enabled only if the output voltage of the photovoltaic module exceeds a threshold voltage and the power consumption of the virtual load is higher than the power consumption of the module management module.
The above-mentioned circuit that is applied to photovoltaic module intelligent management, wherein:
The controller of the component management module is used for collecting and comparing the power consumption of the virtual load with the power consumption of the component management module, and is also used for controlling a change-over switch arranged for the photovoltaic component; and
The controller receives an external instruction through the matched communication module, and the controller responds to the external instruction to disconnect the change-over switch so as to enable the photovoltaic module to be disconnected, or responds to the external instruction to conduct the change-over switch so as to enable the photovoltaic module to be restored to the on state.
In an alternative embodiment, the application discloses a starting method of a circuit applied to intelligent management of a photovoltaic module, which comprises the following steps:
The circuit comprises:
the voltage detection unit is used for detecting the output voltage of the photovoltaic module and comparing the output voltage with a threshold voltage;
The assembly management module is used for monitoring one or more items of target data of the photovoltaic assembly;
the power supply module is used for taking power from the photovoltaic module and supplying power to the module management module;
virtual (dummy) loads powered by the photovoltaic module;
The starting method comprises the following steps:
the output voltage exceeds the threshold voltage, and the voltage detection unit controls the virtual load to be powered off from the photovoltaic module;
the output voltage is lower than the threshold voltage, and the voltage detection unit controls the photovoltaic module to supply power to the virtual load;
Collecting and comparing power consumption of the virtual load with power consumption of the component management module by using a controller of the component management module;
the power consumption comparison result output by the controller and the voltage comparison result output by the voltage detection unit control the power supply module;
and enabling the power supply module when the output voltage of the photovoltaic module exceeds a threshold voltage and the power consumption of the virtual load is higher than that of the module management module.
In an alternative embodiment, the application discloses a starting method of a circuit applied to intelligent management of a photovoltaic module, which comprises the following steps:
The circuit comprises:
the voltage detection unit is used for detecting the output voltage of the photovoltaic module and comparing the output voltage with a threshold voltage;
The assembly management module is used for controlling whether the photovoltaic assembly is turned off (shutdown);
the power supply module is used for taking power from the photovoltaic module and supplying power to the module management module;
virtual load, by the photovoltaic module power supply;
The starting method comprises the following steps:
the output voltage exceeds the threshold voltage, and the voltage detection unit controls the virtual load to be powered off from the photovoltaic module;
the output voltage is lower than the threshold voltage, and the voltage detection unit controls the photovoltaic module to supply power to the virtual load;
The power consumption of the virtual load and the power consumption of the component management module are collected and compared by a controller of the component management module, and the controller also determines whether to disconnect a change-over switch to turn off the photovoltaic component according to an external instruction;
the power consumption comparison result output by the controller and the voltage comparison result output by the voltage detection unit control the power supply module;
and enabling the power supply module when the output voltage of the photovoltaic module exceeds a threshold voltage and the power consumption of the virtual load is higher than that of the module management module.
Drawings
So that the manner in which the above recited objects, features and advantages of the present invention can be understood in detail, a more particular description of the invention, briefly summarized below, may be had by reference to the appended drawings.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a photovoltaic module connected in series into a string of cells and then connected in parallel by the string of cells to power an inverter.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a power supply module taking power from a photovoltaic module and providing power to a data monitoring module.
Fig. 3 shows that the output voltage of the photovoltaic module is unstable in early morning or evening or other low light moments.
Fig. 4 is a power consumption comparison of the data monitoring module and a voltage comparison control power module of the voltage detecting unit.
Fig. 5 is a comparison of power consumption of several exemplary power curves of a photovoltaic module and a data monitoring module.
Fig. 6 is some alternative embodiments of a voltage detection unit and data monitoring module and a power supply module.
Fig. 7 is an embodiment in which the multi-stage photovoltaic modules are each configured with a change-over switch to achieve the module shutdown function.
Detailed Description
The following will provide a clear and complete description of the aspects of the invention in conjunction with the various embodiments, the examples described merely serve to illustrate the embodiments used and not all embodiments. Based on these embodiments, those skilled in the art could obtain solutions without making any inventive effort, which fall within the scope of the present invention.
With increasing severity of environmental and traditional energy problems, referring to fig. 1, photovoltaic power generation technology has been paid attention to and considered as a preferential development object in more and more countries and regions, and photovoltaic power generation is one of the most mature and most development-conditioned large-scale power generation modes in new energy power generation technologies. Solar photovoltaic modules are classified into monocrystalline silicon solar cells and polycrystalline silicon solar cells, amorphous silicon solar cells, etc. in the direction of the current mainstream technology, the service life required for silicon cells is generally up to twenty years, and long-term and durable monitoring of the photovoltaic modules is indispensable. A well known problem is that many factors may cause the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic modules to decrease, for example, manufacturing differences between the photovoltaic modules themselves, installation differences, shadow shielding, or maximum power tracking adaptation may cause efficiency to be underground. Taking shadow shielding as an example, if a part of the photovoltaic modules are shielded by clouds or buildings or tree shadows or dirt and the like, the part of the modules are changed into loads by a power supply, so that no electric energy is generated any more and the output power of other photovoltaic modules is consumed. For example, when the same battery panel is poor in product consistency or shadow shielding occurs and partial batteries cannot normally generate power, the efficiency loss of the battery string of the whole string is serious, and when the inverter, particularly the centralized inverter, is connected with a plurality of battery panel arrays, the battery panels of each string cannot operate at the maximum power point of the battery panel, and the battery panels are all the causes of the loss of electric energy and generated energy. Because the local temperature of the photovoltaic module is possibly higher at the place with serious hot spot effect, and some of the photovoltaic module is even more than 150 ℃, the local area of the module is burnt or forms dark spots, welding spots are melted, packaging materials are aged, glass is cracked, welding strips are corroded and other permanent damages, and great hidden danger is caused to the safety and the reliability of the photovoltaic module. The photovoltaic system has the advantages that the photovoltaic module is monitored in real time and managed, the working state and the working parameters of each installed photovoltaic cell panel can be observed in real time, the abnormal conditions such as voltage abnormality, current abnormality and temperature abnormality of the photovoltaic module can be reliably pre-warned, corresponding protection mechanisms are adopted, and the method has significance for taking the abnormal battery module like module-level active safety shutdown or other emergency measures.
Referring to fig. 1, the photovoltaic module array is the basis for the conversion of light energy into electrical energy of a photovoltaic power generation system. The photovoltaic module array is internally provided with a battery string, and the battery string is formed by serially connecting photovoltaic modules PV1 to PVN in series. Each photovoltaic module or cell is configured with a data monitoring module MT that implements data monitoring. The data monitoring module MT is configured to monitor one or more target data of the photovoltaic module, such as voltage and current, power, temperature, power generation, and even environmental factors of the photovoltaic module, which are all important monitoring links in the photovoltaic power generation system. The total electrical energy provided by the photovoltaic module array is delivered by a dc bus to an energy harvesting device or energy harvesting device, which may include an inverter INVT that inverts dc power to ac power as shown or a charger that charges a battery. A bypass diode connected in parallel with the photovoltaic module is generally connected between the anode and the cathode of each photovoltaic module, so that when the output power of the photovoltaic module is reduced, the photovoltaic module can be bypassed by the bypass diode matched with the photovoltaic module, and the photovoltaic module with reduced output power is not allowed to enter a negative pressure area, otherwise, extremely high power dissipation at two ends of the photovoltaic module is caused, and even combustion is caused.
Referring to fig. 1, relevant target data, such as first stage photovoltaic module PV1, in a string of cells is extracted by a data monitoring module MT associated therewith to perform a monitoring function. The target data of the second-stage photovoltaic module PV2 is extracted by a matched data monitoring module MT to execute the monitoring function. And the like, the related target data of the photovoltaic module PVN up to the Nth stage are monitored by a data monitoring module MT matched with the photovoltaic module PVN, and N is a positive integer not lower than 1.
Referring to fig. 1, the output voltage of the first stage photovoltaic module PV1 is V O1. The output voltage of the second stage PV2 is denoted V O2. And so on, the output voltage of the Nth-stage photovoltaic module PVN is V ON. So that the total bus voltage across any string of photovoltaic cell strings is calculated to be about V O1+VO2+…VON=VBUS. Different groups of battery packs are connected in series-parallel between the bus bars. The multi-stage photovoltaic modules PV1 to PVN are connected in series, the respective output voltages of the multi-stage photovoltaic modules are superimposed on each other on the bus, the voltage of the bus voltage V BUS is much higher than that of the single photovoltaic module, and as shown in the figure, the inverter inverts the bus voltage V BUS of the direct current from the bus to the alternating current.
Referring to fig. 2, the data monitoring module MT is configured to monitor one or more items of target data of the photovoltaic module. The data monitoring module comprises a data collector SENS. The target data collected by the data collector SENS at least comprises the output voltage and the output current of the photovoltaic module. For example, the data collector may detect the output voltage of the photovoltaic module using a voltage detection module such as a voltage detector or a voltage sensor, and may detect the output current of the photovoltaic module using a current detection module such as a current detector or a current sensor. Note that neither the voltage detection module that detects the output voltage of the component nor the current detection module that detects the output current is shown in the figure. The data collector SENS may also comprise a temperature sensor for monitoring the ambient temperature in which the photovoltaic module is located or an illumination radiometer for monitoring the effective illuminance of the sun illumination of the ambient environment in which the photovoltaic module is located. The target data may also be referred to as operating parameters, and the data types include, but are not limited to, voltage V, current I, temperature, output power, effective irradiance, etc. of the photovoltaic module.
Referring to fig. 2, the data monitoring module MT includes a controller IC. Many current controller ICs self-carry a data collector SENS that can collect the aforementioned target data. Such as a controller IC, also known as a processor, and allows it to be self-contained with a temperature sensor or a voltage current detection module or the like data collector. The controller IC may be configured with additional data collectors to collect the aforementioned target data without any data collectors. After knowing the parameter information such as the target data, the controller IC can send the target data through controlling the matched communication module MODU. The communication mechanism of the communication module MODU includes two types of wired communication and wireless communication: for example, all existing wireless communication schemes such as WIFI, ZIGBEE, 433MHZ communication, infrared or bluetooth can be used, and for example, a scheme of power line carrier communication can be used. In an alternative embodiment of the present application, the communication module MODU includes a power line carrier modulator, where the power line carrier modulator transmits the target data to the data receiver in a power line carrier manner. The coupling element COP shown couples the power line carrier emitted by the power line carrier modulator to the busbar, for example a transformer with primary-side secondary windings or a signal coupler with coupling coils. The coupling transformer may be used, for example, to transfer a power line carrier to a primary winding and a secondary winding connected to a power bus as part of the bus, the power line carrier being transferred to the bus by the coupling of the primary and secondary windings. The typical method of using a signal coupler with a magnetic loop and a coupling coil is, for example, to pass a power bus directly through the magnetic loop of the signal coupler around which the coupling coil is wound, and to send a power line carrier to the coupling coil to be sensed from the power bus, so that non-contact signal transmission can be implemented. In summary, the coupling element may employ all signal coupling schemes disclosed in the prior art, and injection inductive coupler technology, cable snap-in inductive coupler technology, and switchable full impedance matched cable snap-in inductive coupler are all alternatives of the present application.
Referring to fig. 2, the power supply module POW takes power from the photovoltaic module and supplies power to the data monitoring module, so that stability of the power supply module POW is extremely important. Unfortunately, however, any weak light moment in the early morning or in the evening or other sunlight is not very strong will affect the output characteristics of the photovoltaic module, and the output voltage of the photovoltaic module may have unstable jump phenomenon. The input voltage of the power supply module POW may fluctuate, the power supply module POW may be started when the output voltage of the photovoltaic module is high, and conversely, the power supply module POW may be turned off when the output voltage of the photovoltaic module is transient and jumps to be low, and the instability of the output voltage of the photovoltaic module may cause frequent downtime of the power supply module and the data monitoring module or may be in a vicious circle of continuous restarting and continuous shutdown. The data monitoring module actively transmits target data to the bus during power-on startup, i.e., the power line carrier is coupled to the bus. In addition to the power line carrier signal being transmitted along the bus bar to the carrier receiver in a desired direction away from the photovoltaic module, the power line carrier signal synchronization also propagates back to the positive and negative poles of the photovoltaic module, after all the communication module is closer to the photovoltaic module. In addition, the characteristics of the photovoltaic module are of particular interest: even though the output voltage of the photovoltaic module may be high under the condition of weak light, the phenomenon that the power supply module and the data monitoring module are continuously powered off and restarted repeatedly due to the weak light is a big disadvantage to be solved.
Referring to fig. 3, less intense illumination in the morning wakes up the photovoltaic module step by step. The ideal situation for the photovoltaic modules PV1-PVN is that there is no shielding and the illumination is almost synchronous radiation to their panels, equivalent to the photovoltaic modules each outputting almost enough external power to turn them on at the same time. It is more practical and common that some photovoltaic modules or some photovoltaic modules among the photovoltaic modules PV1-PVN will always be more or less locally blocked, equivalent to radiation to their panels, which is less likely to be synchronized by illumination. Taking the building attached distributed power station as an example, the roof-facing inclined surface is always the earliest to be irradiated by sunlight and the roof-facing inclined surface is always the latest to be irradiated by sunlight of the same intensity, so that the so-called multi-stage photovoltaic modules PV1-PVN are more commonly opened asynchronously. The influence of the weak light phenomenon on the photovoltaic modules is reflected in that the multi-stage photovoltaic modules PV1-PVN cannot be synchronously started, and the weak light phenomenon is only one of the weak light phenomena. The graph shows a waveform diagram of the output voltage of the photovoltaic module in a part of weak light period, and the output voltage gradually becomes stable along with the illumination. The fluctuation of the output voltage may cause frequent downtime and restarting of the power supply module POW in fig. 2.
Referring to fig. 3, it is assumed that at a certain starting time in the morning, the photovoltaic module PV1 is first activated due to the comprehensive factors of the illuminance of radiation and the preferred day-facing orientation position, then the photovoltaic module PV4 is activated and the photovoltaic modules PV2 and PV3 are activated again, and as time progresses so that the number of the awakened photovoltaic modules increases, the present application does not enumerate all the modules one by one, and it is assumed that the photovoltaic module PVN is the last to be activated in the series-connected multi-stage photovoltaic modules. In the figure, the horizontal axis represents time and the vertical axis represents component voltage. If the bus voltage is lower than a starting voltage value of the inverter, the inverter stops working, and only if the bus voltage is not lower than the starting voltage value of the inverter, the inverter is started and enters normal inversion working. Therefore, fluctuation of the respective output voltages of the multistage photovoltaic modules can also cause fluctuation of the bus voltage, so that the inverter is also subjected to frequent shutdown and restarting. The inverter is not started when the number of the photovoltaic modules awakened under the low light condition is relatively small, or the inverter is started and stopped due to fluctuation of the output voltage of the photovoltaic modules, and the situation can cause difficulty in the transmission of the power line carrier signals on the bus, and the main reason is that the multistage photovoltaic modules and the inverter do not build a proper stability loop, and the transmission of the power line carrier signals depends on the fact that certain levels of voltage and current must be simultaneously transmitted on the bus. Frequent shutdown and restarting of vulnerable power equipment. The start-up voltage value of the inverter is also called a start-up voltage threshold, a start-up threshold voltage or a start-up voltage threshold value.
Referring to fig. 3, the output voltages of the respective photovoltaic modules PV1 to PVN are not stable, and there is an oscillation phenomenon in the output voltages of the respective photovoltaic modules. The power supply module POW and the data monitoring module MT are frequently down or get into a vicious circle of constantly shutdown and constantly restarting, and are mainly responsible for the oscillation of the illustrated output voltages V O to V ON. Strong light radiation can slow down oscillations of the output voltages V O to V ON to a large extent, but natural phenomena such as circadian alternation make oscillations unavoidable. During the period that the output voltage of the photovoltaic module fluctuates and is unstable, the power line carrier sent out by the communication module of the data monitoring module MT can be reversely transmitted to the photovoltaic module side and is superposed on the output voltage of the photovoltaic module. Note that the power line carrier itself is characterized by a modulated high frequency pulse wave signal, and the propagation medium of the power line carrier is a power bus. The partial power line carrier wave which is reversely transmitted to the side of the photovoltaic module can be directly overlapped on the output voltage of the photovoltaic module, so that fluctuation of the output voltage of the photovoltaic module is inferior and unstable, the carrier wave is a noise source for the photovoltaic module, the frequent downtime and restarting of the power supply module and the data monitoring module are aggravated, and the defects are more difficult to control.
Referring to fig. 4, the circuit for monitoring the photovoltaic module further includes a voltage detection unit 100 that detects an output voltage of the photovoltaic module in real time and compares the output voltage with a threshold voltage. The circuit applied to monitoring the photovoltaic module further comprises a virtual (Dummy) LOAD or referred to as a test LOAD powered by the photovoltaic module, and in order to solve the foregoing drawbacks, the present example requires that the power supply module POW is enabled only when the output voltage of the photovoltaic module exceeds the threshold voltage and the power consumption of the virtual LOAD is higher than the power consumption of the data monitoring module MT. The load may comprise a pure resistor or a combination of resistors and other electronic components, such as a pure resistor connected between the anode and cathode of the photovoltaic module, and a parallel or series arrangement of resistors and diodes connected between the anode and cathode of the photovoltaic module, for example. In short, the type of load is not particularly limited as long as the load is energized to generate power consumption, and the type of load is diversified.
Referring to fig. 4, the data monitoring module MT includes a controller IC, which can easily obtain the voltage and current flowing through the LOAD through the voltage and current detecting module and calculate the power consumption, i.e. the power consumption P1, and can also calculate the power consumption of the LOAD through a power analyzer or the like. The same controller IC can easily obtain the input voltage and current flowing to the power supply module POW through the voltage and current detection module described above and calculate the input power, or can calculate the power flowing to the power supply module POW through a power analyzer or the like. In addition, the output power of the power supply module POW is substantially similar to the calculated input power thereof, so that the controller IC can obtain the output voltage and the output current of the power supply module POW through the voltage and current detection module and calculate the output power. If the power loss of the power supply module is ignored, the input power and the output power of the power supply module POW are approximately equal to the power consumption P2 of the data monitoring module MT, the output power of the power supply module POW is mainly distributed to the data monitoring module, and the power consumption of the power supply module is extremely small. In an alternative example, the voltage detecting unit 100 detects the output voltage of the photovoltaic module in real time and compares the output voltage with the threshold voltage, and one of the tasks of the controller IC is to collect and compare the power consumption P1 of the virtual LOAD and the power consumption P2 of the data monitoring module, and only if the output voltage of the photovoltaic module, such as the PV1 shown in the figure, exceeds the so-called threshold voltage, the power consumption P1 of the virtual LOAD is higher than the power consumption P2 of the data monitoring module, the power supply module POW is actually enabled. Otherwise, even if the power supply module POW is started, if both conditions are not met or any one of the conditions is not met, the power supply module needs to be turned off again. The power consumption of the data monitoring module can be directly measured without indirectly measuring the input power or the output power of the power supply module. In alternative embodiments a controller IC of the data monitoring module MT may be used to collect and compare the power consumption of the virtual load with the power consumption of the data monitoring module, thereby obtaining a power consumption comparison result.
Referring to fig. 4, in an alternative example, considering that the input power or output power of the power supply module POW is approximately equal to the power consumption of the data monitoring module, a stricter constraint may be set: the power supply module is started when the output voltage of the photovoltaic module exceeds a threshold voltage and the power consumption of the virtual load is higher than the sum of the power consumption of the data monitoring module and the power supply module. That is, the sum of the power consumption of the power supply module POW and the power consumption of the data monitoring module MT is obtained by adding the power consumption of both of them, and the input power of the power supply module POW is equal to the sum of the power consumption of both of the power supply module and the data monitoring module. The power consumption P1 of the virtual LOAD is higher than the sum of the power consumption of the data monitoring module and the power supply module, and the power supply module is started only when the output voltage of the photovoltaic module exceeds the threshold voltage. The power supply module no longer provides power to the data monitoring module if the power supply module is not enabled. In an alternative example, the controller of the data monitoring module is used to collect the sum of the power consumption of both the data monitoring module and the power supply module, and the controller of the data monitoring module is also used to collect the power consumption of the virtual load, and the controller compares the sum of the power consumption of both the data monitoring module and the power supply module with the power consumption of the virtual load, so as to obtain a power consumption comparison result.
Referring to fig. 4, in an alternative example, the dummy LOAD is connected between the anode and cathode of the photovoltaic module through a bypass switch SW. Such as a dummy LOAD and a bypass switch SW, are connected in series between the positive and negative poles of the photovoltaic module PV1 and said dummy LOAD is supplied by the photovoltaic module PV 1. The branch switch SW is triggered to be turned on if the output voltage of the photovoltaic module PV1 exceeds the threshold voltage, and conversely, the branch switch SW is triggered to be turned off if the output voltage of the photovoltaic module PV1 is lower than the threshold voltage. The voltage detecting unit 100 compares the output voltage with the threshold voltage and generates a voltage comparison result, and controls the on state or the off state of the branch switch SW according to the voltage comparison result: the voltage comparison result controls the virtual load to cut off power from the photovoltaic module PV1 if the output voltage of the photovoltaic module PV1 exceeds the threshold voltage, and controls the photovoltaic module PV1 to supply power to the virtual load if the output voltage of the photovoltaic module PV1 is lower than the threshold voltage. The bypass switch SW can avoid the excessive power consumption caused by the permanent connection of the dummy LOAD between the positive and negative poles of the photovoltaic module, and it is also allowed to essentially eliminate the bypass switch SW and directly connect the dummy LOAD between the positive and negative poles of the module without using any bypass switch.
Referring to fig. 4, in an alternative example, the bypass switch SW is omitted and the dummy LOAD is directly connected between the positive and negative poles of the photovoltaic module, except that the modified topology consumes additional power and affects the power generation compared to the bypass switch. It is thus understood that the bypass switch SW is not essential in the circuit. Note that the switching action of turning on and off the bypass switch also aggravates fluctuation of the output voltage of the photovoltaic module, but the use of the bypass switch can greatly save electric power energy. In an alternative example, the monitoring circuit of a portion of the photovoltaic modules in the same string of battery strings is allowed to use the bypass switch SW while the rest does not use the bypass switch SW. For example, the same string of battery strings includes multiple levels of photovoltaic modules PV1-PVN, with shorter sunlight hours being assumed to be PV1-PV10 and longer sunlight hours being assumed to be the remaining other photovoltaic modules. Most typically, the photovoltaic power station with the inclined roof has long sunlight irradiation time on a certain south-facing inclined plane and short sunlight irradiation time on a certain north-facing inclined plane, and the photovoltaic modules arranged on the inclined south-facing inclined plane of the roof have naturally long sunlight irradiation time and naturally short sunlight irradiation time on the north-facing inclined plane. Then the shorter sunlight photovoltaic module configures the bypass switch SW for PV1-PV10 and the remaining modules do not require a bypass switch.
Referring to fig. 4, in an alternative example, the voltage detecting unit 100 compares the output voltage of the photovoltaic module PV1 with the threshold voltage to obtain a voltage comparison result. The controller IC of the data monitoring module MT collects and compares the power consumption of the virtual load with the power consumption of the data monitoring module to obtain a power consumption comparison result. The power consumption comparison result output by the controller IC and the voltage comparison result output by the voltage detection unit 100 jointly control the power supply module POW: when the output voltage of the photovoltaic module exceeds the threshold voltage and the power consumption of the virtual load is higher than that of the data monitoring module, the power supply module is started; or enabling the power supply module when the output voltage of the photovoltaic module exceeds a threshold voltage and the power consumption of the virtual load is higher than the sum of the power consumption of the data monitoring module and the power supply module. According to the scheme, in the stage of fluctuation of the output voltage of the photovoltaic module, the phenomenon that the fluctuation degree of the output voltage of the photovoltaic module is aggravated due to the fact that the power line carrier wave which is reversely transmitted to the side of the photovoltaic module is overlapped on the output voltage of the photovoltaic module is avoided, and the power line carrier wave is equivalent to the phenomenon of frequent downtime and restarting caused by fluctuation of the output voltage of the power supply module overlapped with the carrier wave. Photovoltaic modules are prone to such malfunctions of the electrical equipment, for example in the morning or evening or in overcast and rainy weather or shadow shielding. Another advantage is that the stage of transmitting the power line carrier is guaranteed, the busbar voltage V BUS provided by the multi-stage photovoltaic module is enough to reach the starting voltage value of the inverter and enable the inverter to work, so that a loop is constructed between the multi-stage photovoltaic module and the inverter through the busbar and is used as a path for the power line carrier to propagate, and the power line carrier signal is prevented from being trapped into a dilemma which cannot propagate on the busbar. The implementation of the scheme ensures that the inverter does not enter the dilemma of frequent shutdown and restarting at the stage of transmitting the power line carrier.
Referring to fig. 5, the power voltage curve of the photovoltaic module is shown, the abscissa represents voltage and the ordinate represents power, and the output characteristic of the photovoltaic module is a nonlinear direct current power supply. The power voltage curves of the photovoltaic modules are also different under several radiation levels with different illumination intensities, and are summarized as follows: under the condition of inconsistent illumination intensity, the power voltage curve of the photovoltaic module shows the characteristics that the larger the radiation intensity is, the larger the output power of the photovoltaic cell is, and the smaller the output power is otherwise. The power voltage curves under each radiation level in the illumination intensity comprise a maximum power point, the maximum power points of different power voltage curves are connected to form a maximum power point combination curve, and the maximum power point of the photovoltaic module is changed due to illumination intensity changes such as weak light or shielding. Photovoltaic modules are also characterized by short-circuit currents that vary with changes in illumination intensity, e.g., the stronger the illumination, the greater the short-circuit current. The output characteristics of the photovoltaic cell are also related to temperature, and it is shown that the short-circuit current slightly increases as the temperature increases, but the open-circuit voltage decreases and the maximum output power decreases. The power consumption comparison result output by the controller IC and the voltage comparison result output by the voltage detection unit 100 are affected by the component output characteristics, and the power consumption comparison result output by the controller IC and the voltage comparison result output by the voltage detection unit 100 jointly control the power supply module.
Referring to fig. 5, in an alternative example, the method of starting the circuit applied to photovoltaic module monitoring: collecting and comparing the power consumption P1 of the virtual LOAD with the power consumption P2 of the data monitoring module MT by using a controller IC in the data monitoring module MT; the voltage detection unit 100 detects the output voltage V O1 of the component PV1 and compares the output voltage V O1 of the photovoltaic component with the threshold voltage V S; the power supply module is only activated if the output voltage V O1 exceeds the threshold voltage V S and the power consumption P1 of the dummy load is higher than the power consumption P2 of the data monitoring module MT. The present example is explained with the first stage photovoltaic module PV1 of the series-connected multistage photovoltaic modules as a representative, and the starting method of the monitoring circuit matched with the remaining other photovoltaic modules is identical to the photovoltaic module PV 1. In an alternative example, if the bypass switch is introduced, when the output voltage V O1 exceeds the threshold voltage V S, the voltage detection unit 100 controls the virtual load to be powered off from the first stage photovoltaic module PV1 as the direct current source; when the output voltage V O1 is lower than the threshold voltage V S, the voltage detection unit controls the first-stage photovoltaic module PV1 to supply power to the virtual LOAD.
Referring to fig. 5, in an alternative example, the method of starting the circuit applied to photovoltaic module monitoring: collecting the power consumption P1 of the virtual LOAD by using a controller IC in the data monitoring module MT, and also collecting the power consumption P2 of the data monitoring module MT and the power consumption of the power supply module POW, wherein the sum of the power consumption of the data monitoring module MT and the power supply module POW is compared with the power consumption P1 of the virtual LOAD; the voltage detection unit also detects an output voltage V O1 of the component PV1 and compares the voltage V O1 with a threshold voltage V S. The power supply module POW is enabled when the output voltage V O1 of the photovoltaic module exceeds the threshold voltage V S and when the power consumption P1 of the virtual LOAD is higher than the sum of the power consumption of both the data monitoring module and the power supply module.
Referring to fig. 6, in an alternative example, the voltage detection unit 100 includes a voltage divider that divides an output voltage of a photovoltaic module, such as PV1, to obtain a divided value of the output voltage V O1 scaled down by a predetermined ratio. For example, the voltage divider includes resistors R1 and R2 connected in series between the positive and negative electrodes of the photovoltaic module PV1, and a voltage division value of the output voltage V O1 reduced by a predetermined ratio (ratio) is obtained at an interconnection node where the resistors R1 and R2 are connected to each other.
Referring to fig. 6, in an alternative example, the voltage detecting unit 100 includes a comparator AM and is configured to compare a divided value obtained by the voltage divider with a preset voltage V D and obtain a voltage comparison result. The conventional voltage comparator can respectively input the divided voltage value and the preset voltage to two input ends of the voltage comparator for comparison. The threshold voltage V S is reduced by the predetermined ratio (ratio) described above to obtain a preset voltage V D. The comparator AM may include a hysteresis comparator in an alternative example, and the threshold voltage V S may be a threshold voltage range at this time: the voltage range is determined by the upper and lower voltage values, i.e., the threshold voltage V S is a range between the upper and lower voltage values. In the voltage detection process of the voltage detection unit, once the output voltage V O1 of the photovoltaic module PV1 exceeds the upper limit voltage value, for example, the hysteresis comparator outputs a high-level comparison result, and when the output voltage V O1 of the photovoltaic module PV1 is lower than the lower limit voltage value, for example, the hysteresis comparator outputs a low-level comparison result. Or the hysteresis comparator outputs a low-level comparison result when the output voltage V O1 of the photovoltaic module PV1 exceeds the upper limit voltage value, and outputs a high-level comparison result when the output voltage V O1 of the photovoltaic module PV1 is lower than the lower limit voltage value. Positive hysteresis comparators or schmitt comparators may be used and negative hysteresis comparators or schmitt comparators may be used. When the positive hysteresis comparator is used, if the input signal exceeds the upper threshold voltage, the hysteresis comparator outputs a high-level comparison result, and if the input signal is lower than the lower threshold voltage, the hysteresis comparator outputs a low-level comparison result. The hysteresis comparator is equivalent to a hysteresis range or hysteresis window constructed by using the upper threshold voltage and the lower threshold voltage, and even if an input signal such as the output voltage V O1 has small jitter, i.e., fluctuation around the threshold voltage value, the hysteresis comparator can shield the jitter interference.
Referring to fig. 6, in an alternative example, the voltage detection unit 100 controls the on or off state of the branch switch SW using the voltage comparison result of the comparator AM or an alternative hysteresis comparator. The voltage comparison result triggers the branch switch SW to be turned on when the output voltage V O1 exceeds the so-called threshold voltage V S, and the voltage comparison result triggers the branch switch SW to be turned off when the output voltage V O1 is lower than the so-called threshold voltage V S.
Referring to fig. 6, in an alternative example, the voltage detection unit 100 controls the on or off state of the branch switch SW using the voltage comparison result of the hysteresis comparator instead of the comparator AM. The comparison results trigger the branch switch SW to be turned on when the output voltage V O1 exceeds an upper limit voltage value of the so-called threshold voltage V S, and the comparison results trigger the branch switch SW to be turned off when the output voltage V O1 is below a lower limit voltage value of the so-called threshold voltage V S, for example.
Referring to fig. 6, in an alternative example, the voltage detection unit compares the voltage division value of the output voltage V O1 of the photovoltaic module reduced by a predetermined ratio (ratio) with a preset voltage range using a hysteresis comparator: the upper voltage value of the voltage range, i.e. the threshold voltage V S, is reduced by a predetermined ratio to obtain an upper threshold voltage, and the lower voltage value of the voltage range, i.e. the threshold voltage V S, is reduced by a predetermined ratio to obtain a lower threshold voltage. The hysteresis range or so-called hysteresis interval of the hysteresis comparator is constructed with an upper threshold voltage and a lower threshold voltage. The upper threshold voltage is also referred to as an upper threshold voltage and the lower threshold voltage is also referred to as a lower threshold voltage, and the predetermined voltage is between the upper threshold voltage and the lower threshold voltage. The divided value exceeds the upper threshold voltage when the output voltage V O1 exceeds the upper limit voltage value of the so-called threshold voltage V S, and the divided value is lower than the lower threshold voltage when the output voltage V O1 is lower than the lower limit voltage value of the so-called threshold voltage V S. The upper and lower threshold voltages are two important parameters inherent in such circuits as hysteresis comparators or schmitt triggers (SCHMITT TRIGGER).
Referring to fig. 6, in an alternative example, the power supply module POW takes power from the photovoltaic module PV1 and supplies the power to the data monitoring module, and in fact the power supply module POW may include a voltage regulator (regulator) such as a linear regulator or a switching regulator. In turn, the switching regulator most commonly includes a voltage conversion circuit for performing voltage conversion, such as buck conversion, boost conversion, buck-boost conversion, and the like, and a driver (power) for driving the voltage conversion circuit. The driver DRIV is often designed in the form of a driver chip. The driver DRIV drives a voltage conversion circuit to convert an input voltage absorbed from the photovoltaic module PV1 into an output voltage, the voltage conversion circuit is also called a power stage circuit, the driver is also called a power supply controller, and the driver is most commonly called various power supply management controllers or power supply management chips for managing a switching power supply in the industry.
Referring to fig. 6, in a switching power supply, the power supply generally employs a power semiconductor device as a switching element, and the output voltage is adjusted by periodically switching on and off the switch to control the duty ratio of the switching element. The switching power supply mainly comprises an input circuit, a power stage conversion circuit, an output circuit, a control unit and the like. In order to meet the requirement of high power density, the converter needs to work in a high-frequency state, the switching transistor adopts a transistor with high switching speed and short on and off time, and the typical power switch has a plurality of power thyristors, power field effect transistors, insulated bipolar transistors and the like. The control mode of the driver is divided into pulse width modulation or pulse width modulation and frequency modulation mixed modulation, pulse frequency modulation, etc., and pulse width modulation is commonly used.
Referring to fig. 6, in an alternative example, a voltage conversion circuit that performs voltage conversion under driver DRIV control operation uses a buck conversion circuit 200 as an example: the buck conversion circuit 200 includes a switch S1 and an inductance L1, and further includes a freewheeling diode D1 and an output capacitance C1. Since the buck converter circuit 200 and the driver DRIV are most typically buck-type switching power supplies among the switching power supplies, the present application will not be described in detail. It should be noted that a boost-type switching power supply, and the like are suitable for the power supply module. The power supply module takes electricity from the photovoltaic module and supplies power to the data monitoring module after performing voltage conversion on the output voltage of the photovoltaic module, wherein the output voltage of the photovoltaic module is the input voltage of the voltage conversion circuit.
Referring to fig. 6, in an alternative example, there are essentially a number of alternative ways in which the controller IC collects the power consumption P2 of the data monitoring module MT. For example, the voltage comparison result obtained by the voltage detection unit 100 allows the driver DRIV to be enabled to perform voltage conversion, the driver DRIV operates the buck conversion circuit 200 to perform a buck operation on the output voltage of the photovoltaic module PV1 and the buck conversion circuit 200 outputs a desired stable converted voltage at the output capacitor C1. The converted voltage provided by the power supply module POW to the data monitoring module MT may be used as a power supply source, so that the controller IC in the data monitoring module MT may calculate the power consumption P2 of the data monitoring module MT by monitoring the input power of the power supply module POW or by monitoring the output power of the power supply module POW. The input power of the power supply module POW under rough calculation is approximately equal to the power consumption P2 of the data monitoring module MT. The output power of the power supply module POW under accurate calculation is directly equal to the power consumption P2 of the data monitoring module MT. The most direct collection is to directly measure the power consumption P2 of the calculation data monitoring module MT. If the controller IC finds that the power consumption of the dummy load is not higher than the power consumption P2 of the data monitoring module MT, the controller IC disables the driver DRIV, i.e. the (disable) driver DRIV by signaling such a power consumption comparison result. Thus, although the voltage comparison results in the power supply module operating, the controller IC will re-shut down the power supply module until the next voltage comparison and power consumption comparison event and so on, if the power consumption limitation condition is found to be out of compliance. The power supply module is internally provided with an energy storage element such as an output capacitor C1, and even if the driver DRIV is disabled, the controller IC is not affected to acquire the power supply from the energy storage element in a short period of time, and the controller IC can still work in a short period of time. So if the branch switch SW is used and it is on, the controller IC takes power from the energy storage element and still can collect the voltage current flowing through the virtual load and calculate its power consumption P1, provided that the voltage comparison result by the voltage detection unit 100 is not sufficient to trigger the driver DRIV to be enabled. The driver DRIV is typically designed with an Enable (EN) port and determines whether to operate properly based on commands received by the enable port, such as voltage comparison results and power consumption comparison results. Furthermore, the power consumption P2 of the data monitoring module MT itself or the power consumption of the power supply module POW, or the sum of the power consumption of the data monitoring module and the power supply module can be calculated, for example, the power consumption P2 of the data monitoring module MT itself and the power consumption of the power supply module POW are measured in advance in their normal working phases, or the sum of the power consumption of the data monitoring module and the power supply module is measured and calculated, and these values are burned into the controller IC in advance. If the controller IC is burned in advance and pre-stored with the power consumption values, the values do not need to be measured and calculated in real time, the controller IC only needs to directly retrieve the stored values when comparing the power consumption of the virtual load with the power consumption of the data monitoring module, and the controller IC can directly read the stored power consumption values without on-site measurement when comparing the sum of the power consumption of the data monitoring module and the power supply module with the power consumption of the virtual load. The power consumption P1 of the virtual LOAD has to be measured in situ.
Referring to fig. 6, in an alternative example, the photovoltaic module PV2 is connected to the power bus via a switch S2 and the switch S2 is controlled by the controller IC: if the switch S2 is turned off, the photovoltaic module PV2 is removed from the series-connected multi-stage photovoltaic modules PV1-PVN, i.e. the cell string, and if the switch S2 is turned on, the photovoltaic module PV2 is restored to be connected to the series-connected multi-stage photovoltaic modules PV1-PVN, i.e. the cell string. For example, the switch S2 is turned on only if the output voltage of the photovoltaic module PV2 exceeds the threshold voltage and the power consumption of the dummy load is higher than the power consumption of the data monitoring module, and the switch S2 can be turned off by the controller IC if either of the two conditions is not met. Or the output voltage of the photovoltaic module PV2 exceeds the threshold voltage and the power consumption of the virtual load is higher than the sum of the power consumption of the data monitoring module and the power supply module, and the switching switch S2 is switched on by the controller IC only if the two conditions are met, otherwise, the switching switch S2 is switched off. In an alternative embodiment, each photovoltaic module is therefore provided with a changeover switch S2, the multi-stage photovoltaic modules PV1-PVN being connected in series and they being connected in series in a so-called string of cells. Each of the switches S2 is configured to turn off one of the photovoltaic modules corresponding thereto and remove the photovoltaic module from the battery string, and each of the switches S2 is also configured to restore one of the photovoltaic modules corresponding thereto from the off state to the battery string. The change-over switch S2 of each photovoltaic module configuration is controlled by a controller IC in the data monitoring module of each photovoltaic module configuration. The photovoltaic module is typically provided with a bypass diode in parallel with it so that it can be bypassed by the mating bypass diode when the photovoltaic module is removed from the string of cells, without the string of cells forming a so-called trip point at the removed photovoltaic module. Whereas bypass diodes are in a standard configuration for most photovoltaic applications, the present application is not repeated separately and omitted from the figures. The photovoltaic module PV2 is supposed to be removed from the string, the photovoltaic module PV2 is bypassed by its associated bypass diode, the total bus voltage across the string is calculated to be about V O1+VO3+…VON=VBUS, the bus voltage does not include V O2, and the current flowing through the string will now flow through the bypass diode associated with the photovoltaic module PV2 but will not flow directly through the photovoltaic module PV2.
Referring to fig. 6, in the circuit applied to intelligent management of a photovoltaic module according to this example, and the module management module described above is taken as an example of the data monitoring module MT for monitoring target data of a photovoltaic module, the direction of intelligent management of the photovoltaic module is to extract the required target data from a photovoltaic module board through a monitoring mechanism, so as to implement module parameter management.
Referring to fig. 7, in the circuit applied to intelligent management of a photovoltaic module according to the present example, the module management module no longer uses a so-called data monitoring module MT as an explanation object, and replaces the data monitoring module MT with a module shutdown module SD that can control whether the photovoltaic module is shutdown as shown in the figure. The intelligent management goal expected to be realized by the circuit adopting the module shutdown module SD is to judge whether the photovoltaic module is necessary to be shutdown in time, and the NEC690.12 clause is satisfied: photovoltaic systems installed or built into buildings must include a quick turn-off function to reduce the risk of electrical shock to emergency handling personnel. Although the component management module is described by taking the data monitoring module and the component shutdown module as examples, the component management module is far more limited in function to the data monitoring function or the component shutdown function. For example, each of the photovoltaic modules PV1-PVN is configured with a voltage converter, and the output voltages of the voltage converters corresponding to the photovoltaic modules PV1-PVN are required to be superimposed on the dc bus and thus used as the bus voltage, where the voltage converters are connected in series. Each voltage converter converts the electric energy extracted from one corresponding photovoltaic module into the output power of the voltage converter. Each voltage converter also performs processing such as boosting, reducing or boosting and reducing on the output voltage of a corresponding photovoltaic module, and then outputs the output voltage. Even in an alternative example, each voltage converter is further configured to set the output current and the output voltage of a corresponding one of the photovoltaic modules at the maximum power point, so as to achieve the effect of power optimization on the photovoltaic modules. The controller IC of the component management module can be used for operating the voltage converter to perform voltage conversion such as voltage boosting or voltage reducing or voltage boosting and reducing, so the component management module can also have a voltage regulation function and a power management function.
Referring to fig. 7, in an alternative example, the module management module controls the turning off or on of one of the switches S2 of the photovoltaic module configuration when the module shutdown module SD is employed, thereby controlling whether the photovoltaic module is shutdown. Note that when the module management module adopts the module shutdown module SD, almost all technical features of the data monitoring module MT including the data collector SENS are applicable to the module shutdown module SD, and these features described in the foregoing are not repeated.
Referring to fig. 7, in an alternative example, the photovoltaic module PV1 is connected to the power bus via a switch S2 and the switch S2 is controlled by the controller IC: if the switch S2 is turned off, the photovoltaic module PV1 is removed from the series-connected multi-stage photovoltaic modules PV1-PVN, i.e. the cell string, and if the switch S2 is turned on, the photovoltaic module PV1 resumes access to the photovoltaic modules PV1-PVN, i.e. the cell string. And the component PV2 is connected to the power bus via the switch S2 and the switch S2 is controlled by the controller IC: if the switch S2 is turned off, the photovoltaic module PV2 is removed from the series-connected multi-stage photovoltaic modules PV1-PVN, i.e. the cell string, and if the switch S2 is turned on, the photovoltaic module PV2 is restored to be connected to the series-connected multi-stage photovoltaic modules PV1-PVN, i.e. the cell string. Thus in an alternative embodiment where the component management module controls whether the photovoltaic component is turned off: each photovoltaic module is provided with a changeover switch S2, the photovoltaic modules PV1-PVN being connected in series and they being connected in series in a so-called string of cells. Each of the switches S2 is configured to turn off one of the photovoltaic modules corresponding thereto and remove the photovoltaic module from the battery string, and each of the switches S2 is also configured to restore one of the photovoltaic modules corresponding thereto from the off state to the battery string. The changeover switch S2 of each photovoltaic module configuration is controlled by the controller IC of the module shutdown module of each photovoltaic module configuration. The photovoltaic module is provided with a bypass diode BD in parallel with it so that it can be bypassed by the mating bypass diode BD when the photovoltaic module is removed from the string of batteries without the string of batteries forming a so-called trip point at the removed photovoltaic module. The photovoltaic module PV1 is supposed to be removed from the string, and the photovoltaic module PV1 is bypassed by its associated bypass diode BD, and the total bus voltage across the string is calculated to be about V O2+VO3+…VON=VBUS, where the bus voltage does not include V O1, and the current flowing through the string will flow through the bypass diode BD associated with the photovoltaic module PV1 but will not directly flow through the photovoltaic module PV1.
Referring to fig. 7, in an alternative example, the controller IC of the module shutdown module SD is also used to control the turning off or on of a switch S2 provided for the photovoltaic module. The controller IC receives external instructions through the communication module MODU, for example, receives a power line carrier signal through a power line carrier demodulator of the communication module MODU, and the external instructions are transmitted from the bus to the controller IC through the power line carrier signal. The coupling element COP senses carrier signals carrying external instructions from other power line carrier transmitters on the bus, and the coupling element COP further transmits the sensed and extracted power line carrier signals to a so-called communication module MODU. The communication module MODU decodes the external command from the power line carrier carrying the external command and transmits the external command to the controller IC. The communication module MODU may use a wired communication such as a power line carrier, or may use a conventional communication method such as a wireless communication to receive an external command. Note that in some alternative examples the communication module may be built directly into the controller IC, i.e. the controller IC is integrated with the communication module.
Referring to fig. 7, an external command to the controller IC requires the photovoltaic module to be turned OFF, and the controller IC turns OFF (OFF) the changeover switch S2 in response to the external command to turn OFF the photovoltaic module. If the external command sent to the controller IC requires the photovoltaic module to be turned ON, the controller IC responds to the external command to turn ON (ON) the change-over switch S2 so as to enable the photovoltaic module to be restored to the ON state. The module management module may be used to control whether the photovoltaic module is turned off to implement a shutdown function when the module shutdown module SD is used, and shutdown (shutdown) and restoration on (re-connection) are two important states that the photovoltaic module may satisfy the terms of industry about NEC 690.12. In summary, the controller IC determines whether to turn off the photovoltaic module by turning off the switching switch S2 of the photovoltaic module arrangement according to an external instruction. Note that in many cases, the photovoltaic module is not required to be turned on again after being turned off, for example, when the photovoltaic power station encounters a fire, the photovoltaic module is usually only required to be turned off quickly, but the photovoltaic module may not be required to be turned on, so that it is not necessary for the controller IC to restore the photovoltaic module to the on state in response to an external instruction.
Referring to fig. 6, the voltage detection unit 100 detects an output voltage of the photovoltaic module and compares the detected output voltage with a threshold voltage. The component management module, such as the illustrated data monitoring module MT, is used to monitor one or more items of target data of the photovoltaic component. The power supply module POW takes power from the photovoltaic module and supplies power to the module management module. The formal activation of the power supply module POW is only allowed if the output voltage of the photovoltaic module exceeds a set threshold voltage and the power consumption of the virtual LOAD has to be higher than the power consumption of the module management module.
Referring to fig. 7, the voltage detection unit 100 detects an output voltage of the photovoltaic module and compares the detected output voltage with a threshold voltage. The module management module, such as the module shutdown module SD, controls whether the photovoltaic module is turned off, and mainly controls the disconnection or connection of a switch configured by the photovoltaic module. The power supply module POW takes power from the photovoltaic module and supplies power to the module management module. The output voltage of the photovoltaic module exceeds the threshold voltage, and the power consumption of the virtual LOAD is higher than that of the module management module, so that the power supply module POW is allowed to be started formally.
The foregoing description and drawings set forth exemplary embodiments of the specific structure of the embodiments, and the foregoing invention provides presently preferred embodiments, without being limited to the precise details. Various alterations and modifications will no doubt become apparent to those skilled in the art after having read the above description. It is therefore intended that the following appended claims be interpreted as covering all alterations and modifications as fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention. Any and all equivalent ranges and contents within the scope of the claims should be considered to be within the intent and scope of the present invention.
Claims (14)
1. Be applied to photovoltaic module intelligent management's circuit, characterized by that includes:
the voltage detection unit is used for detecting the output voltage of the photovoltaic module and comparing the output voltage with a threshold voltage;
The assembly management module is used for monitoring one or more items of target data of the photovoltaic assembly;
the power supply module is used for taking power from the photovoltaic module and supplying power to the module management module;
virtual load, by the photovoltaic module power supply;
and enabling the power supply module only when the output voltage of the photovoltaic module exceeds the threshold voltage and the power consumption of the virtual load is higher than the power consumption of the module management module, otherwise, even if the power supply module is enabled, if the output voltage of the photovoltaic module exceeds the threshold voltage and the power consumption of the virtual load is higher than the power consumption of the module management module, both or either of the two conditions are not met, the power supply module needs to be turned off again.
2. The circuit for intelligent management of a photovoltaic module according to claim 1, wherein:
The voltage detection unit includes:
A voltage divider for dividing the output voltage to obtain a divided voltage value of the output voltage scaled down in a predetermined ratio;
and the comparator is used for comparing the divided voltage value with a preset voltage and obtaining a voltage comparison result, and the threshold voltage is reduced according to the preset proportion to obtain the preset voltage.
3. The circuit for intelligent management of a photovoltaic module according to claim 1, wherein:
the component management module is a data monitoring module, comprising:
The data acquisition device is used for acquiring target data at least comprising output voltage and output current of the photovoltaic module;
and the controller is used for operating the matched communication module to send the target data.
4. The circuit for intelligent management of a photovoltaic module according to claim 3, wherein:
the controller is also configured to collect and compare power consumption of the virtual load with power consumption of the component management module.
5. The circuit for intelligent management of a photovoltaic module according to claim 3, wherein:
the communication module includes a power line carrier modulator that transmits target data in a power line carrier manner.
6. The circuit for intelligent management of a photovoltaic module according to claim 1, wherein:
The virtual load is connected between the anode and the cathode of the photovoltaic module through a branch switch, and when the output voltage exceeds the threshold voltage, the branch switch is triggered to be turned on, and when the output voltage is lower than the threshold voltage, the branch switch is triggered to be turned off.
7. The circuit for intelligent management of a photovoltaic module according to claim 3, wherein:
The power supply module comprises a voltage conversion circuit and a driver for driving the voltage conversion circuit to perform voltage conversion;
The voltage conversion circuit is selected from one of a buck conversion circuit, a boost conversion circuit and a buck-boost conversion circuit.
8. The circuit for intelligent management of a photovoltaic module according to claim 7, wherein:
the controller is also used for collecting and comparing the power consumption of the virtual load with the power consumption of the component management module;
the power consumption comparison result output by the controller and the voltage comparison result output by the voltage detection unit jointly control the driver;
the output voltage exceeds the threshold voltage and the power consumption of the virtual load is higher than the power consumption of the component management module, the driver is enabled to perform voltage conversion to enable the power supply module.
9. The circuit for intelligent management of a photovoltaic module according to claim 5, wherein:
the multi-stage photovoltaic modules are connected in series, and the respective output voltages of the multi-stage photovoltaic modules are mutually overlapped on the bus;
The target data of each stage of photovoltaic modules are broadcast to the bus by the module management module of each stage of photovoltaic modules in a power line carrier mode.
10. The circuit for intelligent management of a photovoltaic module according to claim 1, wherein:
The voltage detection unit includes:
A voltage divider for dividing the output voltage to obtain a divided voltage value of the output voltage scaled down in a predetermined ratio;
the hysteresis comparator is used for comparing the voltage division value with a preset voltage range and obtaining a voltage comparison result;
The voltage value range of the threshold voltage is between a set upper limit voltage value and a set lower limit voltage value, the upper limit voltage value is reduced according to the preset proportion to obtain an upper threshold voltage of the preset voltage range, and the lower limit voltage value is reduced according to the preset proportion to obtain a lower threshold voltage of the preset voltage range.
11. Be applied to photovoltaic module intelligent management's circuit, characterized by that includes:
the voltage detection unit is used for detecting the output voltage of the photovoltaic module and comparing the output voltage with a threshold voltage;
the component management module is used for controlling whether the photovoltaic component is turned off or not;
the power supply module is used for taking power from the photovoltaic module and supplying power to the module management module;
virtual load, by the photovoltaic module power supply;
and enabling the power supply module only when the output voltage of the photovoltaic module exceeds the threshold voltage and the power consumption of the virtual load is higher than the power consumption of the module management module, otherwise, even if the power supply module is enabled, if the output voltage of the photovoltaic module exceeds the threshold voltage and the power consumption of the virtual load is higher than the power consumption of the module management module, both or either of the two conditions are not met, the power supply module needs to be turned off again.
12. The circuit for intelligent management of a photovoltaic module according to claim 11, wherein:
The controller of the component management module is used for collecting and comparing the power consumption of the virtual load with the power consumption of the component management module, and is also used for controlling a change-over switch arranged for the photovoltaic component; and
The controller receives an external instruction through the matched communication module, and the controller responds to the external instruction to disconnect the change-over switch so as to enable the photovoltaic module to be disconnected, or responds to the external instruction to conduct the change-over switch so as to enable the photovoltaic module to be restored to the on state.
13. A starting method of a circuit applied to intelligent management of a photovoltaic module is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
The circuit comprises:
the voltage detection unit is used for detecting the output voltage of the photovoltaic module and comparing the output voltage with a threshold voltage;
The assembly management module is used for monitoring one or more items of target data of the photovoltaic assembly;
the power supply module is used for taking power from the photovoltaic module and supplying power to the module management module;
virtual load, by the photovoltaic module power supply;
The starting method comprises the following steps:
the output voltage exceeds the threshold voltage, and the voltage detection unit controls the virtual load to be powered off from the photovoltaic module;
the output voltage is lower than the threshold voltage, and the voltage detection unit controls the photovoltaic module to supply power to the virtual load;
Collecting and comparing power consumption of the virtual load with power consumption of the component management module by using a controller of the component management module;
the power consumption comparison result output by the controller and the voltage comparison result output by the voltage detection unit control the power supply module;
and when the output voltage of the photovoltaic module exceeds the threshold voltage and the power consumption of the virtual load is higher than the power consumption of the module management module, starting the power supply module, otherwise, even if the power supply module is started, if the output voltage of the photovoltaic module exceeds the threshold voltage and the power consumption of the virtual load is higher than the power consumption of the module management module, both or either of the two conditions are not met, the power supply module needs to be closed again.
14. A starting method of a circuit applied to intelligent management of a photovoltaic module is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
The circuit comprises:
the voltage detection unit is used for detecting the output voltage of the photovoltaic module and comparing the output voltage with a threshold voltage;
the component management module is used for controlling whether the photovoltaic component is turned off or not;
the power supply module is used for taking power from the photovoltaic module and supplying power to the module management module;
virtual load, by the photovoltaic module power supply;
The starting method comprises the following steps:
the output voltage exceeds the threshold voltage, and the voltage detection unit controls the virtual load to be powered off from the photovoltaic module;
the output voltage is lower than the threshold voltage, and the voltage detection unit controls the photovoltaic module to supply power to the virtual load;
The power consumption of the virtual load and the power consumption of the component management module are collected and compared by a controller of the component management module, and the controller also determines whether to disconnect a change-over switch to turn off the photovoltaic component according to an external instruction;
the power consumption comparison result output by the controller and the voltage comparison result output by the voltage detection unit control the power supply module;
and when the output voltage of the photovoltaic module exceeds the threshold voltage and the power consumption of the virtual load is higher than the power consumption of the module management module, starting the power supply module, otherwise, even if the power supply module is started, if the output voltage of the photovoltaic module exceeds the threshold voltage and the power consumption of the virtual load is higher than the power consumption of the module management module, both or either of the two conditions are not met, the power supply module needs to be closed again.
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| CN114076897B (en) * | 2021-11-10 | 2024-03-12 | 陕西众森电能科技有限公司 | Electrical performance testing method for solar cell and assembly |
| CN114884197B (en) * | 2022-07-05 | 2022-09-20 | 衡水识达科技有限公司 | Outdoor photovoltaic balanced power supply system |
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