CN111817665A - Solar panel detection device and method - Google Patents
Solar panel detection device and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a solar panel detection device, which comprises a detection host and a plurality of detection slave machines with the same structure, wherein one detection slave machine detects one solar panel, the detection slave machines are sequentially connected to sequentially detect the corresponding solar panel, and finally, a detection signal is sent to the detection host to be judged; the invention indirectly judges the output power state of the solar panel by using the charging time of the capacitor, has simple structure and good practicability, can quickly, continuously and efficiently realize the detection of the output power of the solar panel on a large scale, and greatly saves manpower and material resources; the device adopts common electronic elements, so that the production cost is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of solar panel detection, in particular to a solar panel detection device.
Background
Under the guidance of policies and market driving, the photovoltaic industry in China continues the warm-up situation since 2013, and with the further expansion of the base of the receiver, the rapid promotion of the photovoltaic poverty-relief engineering project and the increment brought by the acceleration of the distributed service, the photovoltaic market in China will continue to keep a good development situation.
In the future, China will continuously increase the use of solar panels, but the problem of effective output power of the solar panels is brought with the use of solar panels; firstly, a large amount of dust is collected on the surface of the solar panel without wiping for a long time, which influences the output power of the solar panel; secondly, the number of solar panels of a solar power plant is large, and the solar panels in large scale are detected one by manpower, so that manpower and material resources are consumed greatly; therefore, a device capable of rapidly and efficiently detecting the output power of a large batch of solar panels is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the background art, the invention discloses a solar panel detection device and a solar panel detection method, wherein the quality of the output power of a solar panel is judged according to the charging time of a capacitor, the solar panel detection device is simple in structure and good in practicability, the detection of the output power of the solar panel on a large scale can be rapidly, continuously and efficiently realized, and manpower and material resources are greatly saved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a solar panel detection device comprises a detection host machine (1) and a plurality of detection slave machines (2) with the same structure;
the detection host (1) comprises an STC89C52RC single chip microcomputer U5, a CH340USB conversion chip U6, a triode Q4, a triode Q5, a resistor R5, capacitors C4-C6 and a crystal oscillator XTAL; the port TXD of the U6 is connected with the port RXD of the U5, the port RXD of the U6 is connected with the port TXD of the U5, and the port GND of the U6 is grounded GND; two ends of the crystal oscillator XTAL are respectively connected with the ports XTAL1 and XTAL2 of the U5, a node between the crystal oscillator XTAL and the port XTAL1 of the U5 is grounded gnd through a capacitor C6, and a node between the crystal oscillator XTAL and the port XTAL2 of the U5 is grounded gnd through a capacitor C5; a port VCC of the U5 is grounded gnd sequentially through a capacitor C4 and a resistor R5, and a port RST of the U5 is connected with a node between the capacitor C4 and the resistor R5; the base electrode of the triode Q4 is connected with the port P2.4 of the U5, and the emitter electrode is connected with a +5V power supply; the base electrode of the triode Q5 is connected with the port P2.7 of the U5, and the emitter electrode is connected with a +5V power supply;
the detection slave machine (2) comprises an amplification module (2-1), a switch module (2-2), a charge-discharge module (2-3), a voltage-stabilizing module (2-4) and a control module (2-5);
the amplification module (2-1) comprises an INA282 differential amplifier U1, a resistor R1; one end of the resistor R1 is connected with the anode of the solar panel to be detected, and the other end is connected with a +12V power supply; the ports GND, REF1 and REF2 of the U1 are all grounded GND, the port + IN of the U1 is connected with a node between the resistor R1 and the solar panel, the port-IN of the U1 is connected with a node between the resistor R1 and the +12V power supply, the port V + of the U1 is connected with the +12V power supply, and the port OUT of the U1 is connected with the switch module (2-2).
The switch module (2-2) comprises an optical coupler U2, a resistor R2 and a resistor R3; the anode of the U2 is connected with a +5V power supply through a resistor R3, the cathode of the U2 is connected with the control module (2-5), the collector of the U8926 is connected with the port OUT of the U1 in the amplification module (2-1) through a resistor R2, and the emitter of the U2 is connected with the charge-discharge module (2-3)
The charge-discharge module (2-3) comprises a triode Q1, a capacitor C1 and a resistor R4; the base electrode of the triode Q1 is connected with the emitter electrode of U2 in the switch module (2-2), the collector electrode is grounded gnd through a capacitor C1, and the emitter electrode is connected with the voltage stabilizing module (2-4); the resistor R4 is connected with the capacitor C1 in parallel;
the voltage stabilizing module (2-4) comprises a W7805 voltage stabilizing chip U3, a capacitor C2 and a capacitor C3; the port Vin of the U3 is grounded GND through a capacitor C2, the port Vo is grounded GND through a capacitor C3, and the port GND is grounded; the node between the port Vin of U3 and the capacitor C2 is connected with the +12V power supply; a node between a port Vo of the U3 and the capacitor C3 is connected with an emitter of a triode Q1 in the charge-discharge module (2-3);
the control module (2-5) comprises an STC15F104W single chip microcomputer U4, a triode Q2 and a triode Q3; a port P3.4 of the U4 is connected with a collector of a triode Q1 in the charging and discharging module (2-3), a port VCC is connected with a node between a port Vo of U3 in the voltage stabilizing module (2-4) and a capacitor C3, a port P3.5 is connected with a cathode of U2 in the switch module (2-2), and a port GND is grounded GND; the base electrode of the triode Q2 is connected with a port P3.2 of the U4, the emitter electrode is connected with a +5V power supply, and the collector electrode is connected with a port P2.6 of the U5 in the detection host (1) through a bus b; the base electrode of the triode Q3 is connected with the port P3.0 of the U4, the emitter electrode is connected with a +5V power supply, and the collector electrode is connected with the port P2.5 of the U5 in the detection host (1) through a bus c;
one detection slave machine (2) detects one solar panel, and a plurality of detection slave machines (2) are sequentially connected and sequentially detect the corresponding solar panel; a port P3.3 of a U4 in a control module (2-5) of the No. 1 detection slave machine (2) is connected with a collector of a triode Q5 in the detection host machine (1); the port P3.1 of U4 in the control module (2-5) of the No. i detection slave (2) is connected with the port P3.3 of U4 in the control module (2-5) of the No. i +1 detection slave (2); the port P3.1 of the U4 in the control module (2-5) of the N detection slave (2) is connected with the collector of the triode Q4 in the detection host (1).
Further, N is the number of the solar panels to be detected, and i is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to N-1.
Further, the optical coupler U2 is a linear optical coupler chip EL 817.
Furthermore, the model of the triode Q1 is S9014.
Furthermore, the models of the triodes Q2, Q3, Q4 and Q5 are all S8850.
Furthermore, the detection host (1) utilizes a CH430USB conversion chip U6 to communicate with the upper computer through a USB interface.
Furthermore, a numbering label is arranged on the detection slave machine (2).
A solar panel detection method comprises four steps,
s1, connecting a detection device;
connecting a detection host (1) with an upper computer, sequentially connecting the detection host (1) and detection slave machines (2) according to the numbering sequence, and connecting each detection slave machine (2) with a corresponding solar panel to be detected;
s2, starting the detection device to work;
after the detection device is connected, sending a detection pulse number threshold value to the detection host (1) through the upper computer; after the detection host (1) receives and stores the detection pulse number threshold, a high level signal is sent to the No. 1 detection slave (2) connected with the detection host by using a port P2.7 of U5, and the solar panel is started to detect;
s3, the detection slave machine (2) sequentially detects the corresponding solar panels;
s3.1, after a port P3.3 of U4 in the No. 1 detection slave machine (2) receives a high level signal, and after a U4 initializes the pin level of the U4, the port P3.2 sends the high level signal to the detection host machine (1) through a bus b, and informs the No. 1 detection slave machine (2) to start corresponding solar panel detection work;
s3.2 and No. 1 detection slave units (2) send low level signals to a port P3.5 of U4, an optical coupler U2 is conducted, a capacitor C1 starts to charge, and a port P3.0 of U4 sends solar panel charging time counting pulse signals to a detection host unit (1) through a bus C;
s3.3, when a port P3.4 of U4 in the No. 1 detection slave machine (2) receives a high level signal, the capacitor C1 is charged completely, a port P3.2 of U4 sends a low level signal to the detection host machine (1) through a bus b, the No. 1 detection slave machine (2) finishes detection of a corresponding solar panel, meanwhile, a port P3.5 of U4 sends a high level signal, an optical coupler U2 is disconnected, and the port P3.0 stops sending pulse signals;
s3.4, after a port P3.1 of U4 in the No. 1 detection slave machine (2) is pulled down for one millisecond, sending a high level signal to the No. 2 detection slave machine (2) and informing the No. 2 detection slave machine (2) to start to detect the corresponding solar panel;
s3.5, sequentially performing detection on the corresponding solar panels by each detection slave machine (2) according to the steps 3.2-3.4, and after the detection work of the number N detection slave machine (2) is finished, sending a high-level signal to the detection host machine (1) by a port P3.1 of U4 to indicate that all the solar panels are detected;
s4, judging the quality of the solar panel by the detection host (1);
the detection host (1) judges the solar panel with quality problems according to the pulse number of the solar panel charging time counting pulse signal sent by each detection slave (2) and the stored detection pulse number threshold, and sends the number of the corresponding detection slave (2) to the upper computer.
Further, the upper computer can set a plurality of detection pulse number thresholds and send the detection pulse number thresholds to the detection host (1).
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the output power of a large batch of solar panels can be rapidly, continuously and efficiently detected, and manpower and material resources are greatly saved; the detection host machine and the detection slave machines are separately designed, the detection host machine can be connected with a plurality of detection slave machines, and the expandability and the universality of the detection device are improved; the detection host can perform information interaction with an upper computer through a USB port, so that the result processing and statistics of workers are facilitated; simple structure, what the device chooseed for use is electronic component commonly used, has reduced manufacturing cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a detecting device according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a detecting host circuit of the detecting device of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a circuit of a detecting slave of the detecting device of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a timing chart of the detection device for detecting the pulse stream of the corresponding port of the host according to the present invention;
fig. 5 is a timing chart of the detecting device for detecting the pulse stream of the corresponding port of the slave according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1. detecting a host; 2. detecting a slave machine; 2-1, an amplifying module; 2-2, a switch module; 2-3, a charge-discharge module; 2-4, a voltage stabilizing module; 2-5, and a control module.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be explained in detail by the following examples, which are intended to protect all technical improvements within the scope of the present invention and are not limited thereto.
As shown in FIGS. 1-5, the detecting device of the present invention comprises a detecting master (1) and a plurality of detecting slaves (2) with the same structure; each detection slave machine (2) is connected with one solar panel to detect the solar panel; the detection host (1) and the detection slave machines (2) are sequentially connected to realize the detection of the solar panels.
The detection host (1) comprises an STC89C52RC singlechip U5, a CH430USB conversion chip U6, a triode Q4, a triode Q5, a resistor R5, capacitors C4-C6 and a crystal oscillator XTAL; a port TXD of the U6 is connected with a port RXD of the U5, a port TXD of the U6 is connected with a port DXD of the U5, and a port GND of the U6 is grounded GND; two ends of the crystal oscillator XTAL are respectively connected with the ports XTAL1 and XTAL2 of the U5, a node between the crystal oscillator XTAL and the port XTAL1 of the U5 is grounded gnd through a capacitor C6, and a node between the crystal oscillator XTAL and the port XTAL2 of the U5 is grounded gnd through a capacitor C5; a port VCC of the U5 is grounded gnd sequentially through a capacitor C4 and a resistor R5, and a port RST of the U5 is connected with a node between the capacitor C4 and the resistor R5; the base electrode of the triode Q4 is connected with the port P2.4 of the U5, and the emitter electrode is connected with a +5V power supply; the base electrode of the triode Q5 is connected with the port P2.7 of the U5, and the emitter electrode is connected with a +5V power supply; the transistors Q2 and Q3 have signal amplification function, and can be selected from model S8850.
The detection host (1) utilizes a CH430USB conversion chip U6 to communicate with the upper computer through a USB interface, and is used for receiving a detection pulse number threshold value sent by the upper computer, so as to judge the quality of the solar panel, and simultaneously can send collected detection data and a detection structure to the upper computer for subsequent analysis and processing by workers; the port P2.7 of the single chip microcomputer U5 is used for sending a starting instruction to the detection slave machine (2), the port P2.4 is used for receiving all solar panel detection completion signals sent by the detection slave machine (2), the port P2.6 is used for receiving detection slave machine number judgment signals sent by each detection slave machine (2), and the port P2.7 is used for receiving solar panel charging time counting pulse signals sent by each detection slave machine (2).
The detection slave machine (2) comprises an amplification module (2-1), a switch module (2-2), a charge-discharge module (2-3), a voltage-stabilizing module (2-4) and a control module (2-5).
The amplifying module (2-1) comprises an INA282 differential amplifier U1 and a resistor R1; one end of the resistor R1 is connected with the anode of the solar panel to be detected, and the other end is connected with a +12V power supply; the ports GND, REF1 and REF2 of the U1 are all grounded GND, the port + IN of the U1 is connected with a node between the resistor R1 and the solar panel, the port-IN of the U1 is connected with a node between the resistor R1 and the +12V power supply, the port V + of the U1 is connected with the +12V power supply, and the port OUT of the U1 is connected with the switch module (2-2).
Because the solar panel is directly connected with the main cable, the voltage value at two ends of the solar panel is the same as the main cable, and the method for measuring the voltage value cannot be adopted to detect the output power of the solar panel.
As can be seen from the formula U = IR, when the resistance value is fixed, the larger the current flowing through the resistor, the larger the voltage across the resistor; therefore, the voltage value at the two ends of the resistor R1 can reflect the quality of the output power of the solar panel, and the quality of the output power of the solar panel can be judged by detecting the voltage at the two ends of the resistor R1 connected with the solar panel; here, the resistor R1 needs to be a small-resistance resistor to avoid excessive power consumption; however, since the voltage across the resistor is correspondingly small due to the small resistance, the voltage across the resistor is amplified by the INA282 differential amplifier U1.
The switch module (2-2) comprises an optical coupler U2, a resistor R2 and a resistor R3; the anode of the U2 is connected with a +5V power supply through a resistor R3, the cathode of the U2 is connected with the control module (2-5), the collector of the U2 is connected with the port OUT of the U1 in the amplification module (2-1) through a resistor R2, and the emitter of the U2 is connected with the charge-discharge module (2-3); the optical coupler U2 can be selected from a linear optical coupler chip EL 817.
If the cathode of the optocoupler U2 receives a low-level signal sent by the control module (2-5), the optocoupler U2 is conducted, and can charge a capacitor C1 in a subsequent charge-discharge module (2-3); resistor R2 is a current limiting resistor.
The charge-discharge module (2-3) comprises a triode Q1, a capacitor C1 and a resistor R4; the base electrode of the triode Q1 is connected with the emitter electrode of U2 in the switch module (2-2), the collector electrode is grounded gnd through a capacitor C1, and the emitter electrode is connected with the voltage stabilizing module (2-4); the resistor R4 is connected with the capacitor C1 in parallel; the transistor Q1 can be selected as type S9014.
When the optocoupler U2 is switched on, the capacitor C1 can be charged, the higher the output power of the solar panel is, the higher the voltage at two ends of the resistor R1 is, and the shorter the charging time of the capacitor C1 is, so that the detection of the output power of the solar panel is finally converted into the detection of the charging time of the capacitor C1, and the quality of the output power of the solar panel is judged according to whether the charging time meets the rated requirement or not; the triode Q1 plays a role in signal amplification; the resistor R4 is a discharge resistor, when one detection is completed, the optocoupler U2 is disconnected, and at this time, the capacitor C1 and the resistor R4 form a loop to discharge the capacitor C1 to prepare for the next detection.
The voltage stabilizing module (2-4) comprises a W7805 voltage stabilizing chip U3, a capacitor C2 and a capacitor C3; the port Vin of the U3 is grounded GND through a capacitor C2, the port Vo is grounded GND through a capacitor C3, and the port GND is grounded; the node between the port Vin of U3 and the capacitor C2 is connected with the +12V power supply; a node between a port Vo of the U3 and the capacitor C3 is connected with an emitter of a triode Q1 in the charge-discharge module (2-3); a W7805 voltage stabilizing chip U3 is used for converting a +12V power supply into +5V power supply, and stable voltage is provided for a triode Q1 in a charging and discharging module (2-3) and an STC15F104W singlechip U4 in a control module (2-5).
The control module (2-5) comprises an STC15F104W singlechip U4, a triode Q2 and a triode Q3; a port P3.4 of the U4 is connected with a collector of a triode Q1 in the charging and discharging module (2-3), a port VCC is connected with a node between a port Vo of U3 in the voltage stabilizing module (2-4) and a capacitor C3, a port P3.5 is connected with a cathode of U2 in the switch module (2-2), and a port GND is grounded GND; the base electrode of the triode Q2 is connected with a port P3.2 of the U4, the emitter electrode is connected with a +5V power supply, and the collector electrode is connected with a port P2.6 of the U5 in the detection host (1) through a bus b; the base electrode of the triode Q3 is connected with the port P3.0 of the U4, the emitter electrode is connected with a +5V power supply, and the collector electrode is connected with the port P2.5 of the U5 in the detection host (1) through a bus c; the transistors Q2 and Q3 have signal amplification function, and can be selected from model S8850.
The port P3.3 of the single chip microcomputer U4 of the STC15F104W is used for receiving an instruction sent by the detection master machine (1) or the previous detection slave machine (2) so as to start the detection slave machine (2) to detect the corresponding solar panel; a port P3.5 of the U4 is used for controlling the on/off of an optical coupler U2 in the switch module (2-2), if the optical coupler U2 sends a high level signal, the optical coupler U2 is switched on, and the capacitor C1 starts to charge; the port P3.4 of U4 is used to determine whether the capacitor C1 is full, when the capacitor C1 is charged, the port P3.4 of U4 will receive high level signal; in the charging process of the capacitor C1, the port P3.0 of the U4 sends a pulse signal with fixed frequency, namely a solar panel charging time counting pulse signal to the detection host (1) through the bus C, and the longer the charging time of the capacitor C1 is, the more the pulse number of the solar panel charging time counting pulse signal is sent, so the detection host (1) judges the quality of the output power of the solar panel according to the signal pulse number; the port P3.2 of the U4 sends a high-level signal, namely a detection slave number judgment signal to the detection master (1) through the bus b in the working process of the detection slave (2), so that the detection master (1) judges that the solar panel charging time counting pulse signal received from the C bus is sent by several detection slaves (2); the port P3.1 of the U4 is used for sending a signal to the next detection slave (2) or the detection master (1) after the detection of the detection slave (2) is completed, namely after the capacitor C1 is charged, so as to start the next detection slave (2) to work or inform the detection master (1) that the solar panel is completely detected.
One detection slave machine (2) detects one solar panel, and a plurality of detection slave machines (2) are sequentially connected and sequentially detect the corresponding solar panel; the number of the solar panels to be detected is recorded as N, the number of the required detection slave machines (2) is also N, the detection slave machines (2) are provided with numbering labels, and the detection slave machines are sequentially connected according to the numbering sequence during installation, so that a worker can quickly find out the positions of the solar panels with corresponding problems after the upper computer receives the detection structure.
A port P3.3 of a U4 in a control module (2-5) of the No. 1 detection slave (2) is connected with a collector of a triode Q5 in the detection host (1) and used for receiving a starting signal sent by the detection host (1), and the No. 1 detection slave (2) starts to perform detection work of a corresponding solar panel after receiving the starting signal; the port P3.1 of U4 in the control module (2-5) of the No. i detection slave machine (2) is connected with the port P3.3 of U4 in the control module (2-5) of the No. i detection slave machine (2) and is used for sending a starting signal to the port P3.3, the No. i +1 detection slave machine (2) starts to detect the corresponding solar panel after receiving the starting signal, and i is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to N-1; a port P3.1 of a U4 in a control module (2-5) of the N detection slave machine (2) is connected with a collector of a triode Q4 in the detection host machine (1) and used for sending a signal to the detection host machine (1) and informing the detection host machine (1) that all solar panels are detected completely.
The detection host (1) determines a solar panel charging time counting pulse signal sent by each number detection slave (2) according to the received detection slave number judgment signal; detecting the jth high level signal in the slave number judging signal, wherein the corresponding solar panel charging time counting pulse signal is the solar panel charging time counting pulse signal sent by the jth detection slave (2), and as shown in fig. 4, i is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to N; the detection host (1) compares the pulse number of the solar panel charging time counting pulse signal sent by each detection slave (2) with the detection pulse number threshold value, thereby judging the quality of each detected solar panel.
The device of the invention needs to execute the following four steps:
and S1, connecting a detection device.
The detection host (1) is connected with the upper computer, the detection host (1) and the detection slave (2) are sequentially connected according to the numbering sequence, and each detection slave (2) is connected with the corresponding solar panel to be detected.
And S2, starting the detection device to work.
After the worker determines that the detection device is connected, the worker sends a detection pulse number threshold value to the detection host (1) through the upper computer; after the detection host (1) receives and stores the detection pulse number threshold, a high-level signal is sent to the No. 1 detection slave (2) connected with the detection host by using a port P2.7 of U5, and the solar panel is started to detect.
S3, the detection slave machine (2) sequentially detects the corresponding solar panels.
And after the port P3.3 of the U4 in the S3.1 and the No. 1 detection slave (2) receives a high level signal and the U4 initializes the pin level, the port P3.2 sends the high level signal to the detection host (1) through the bus b to inform the No. 1 detection slave (2) to start the corresponding solar panel detection work.
S3.2 and No. 1 detection slave units (2) send low level signals to a port P3.5 of U4, so that an optical coupler U2 is conducted, a capacitor C1 starts to charge, and a port P3.0 of U4 sends pulse signals with fixed frequency, namely solar panel charging time counting pulse signals, to a detection master unit (1) through a bus C.
S3.3, when the port P3.4 of the U4 in the No. 1 detection slave machine (2) receives a high level signal, the capacitor C1 is charged completely, the port P3.2 of the U4 sends a low level signal to the detection host machine (1) through the bus b, the No. 1 detection slave machine (2) finishes detection of the corresponding solar panel, meanwhile, the port P3.5 of the U4 sends a high level signal, the optocoupler U2 is disconnected, and the port P3.0 stops sending pulse signals.
After the port P3.1 of U4 in the detection slave machine No. 3.4 and 1 is pulled down for one millisecond, a high level signal is sent to the detection slave machine No. 2, the detection slave machine No. 2 is informed to start the detection of the corresponding solar panel, and the pulse flow sequence of each port of U4 is shown in FIG. 5.
S3.5, each detection slave machine (2) sequentially performs detection on the corresponding solar panel according to the steps 3.2-3.4, and after the detection work of the number N detection slave machine (2) is completed, a port P3.1 of U4 sends a high-level signal to the detection host machine (1) to indicate that all the solar panels are detected completely.
S4, the detecting host (1) judges the quality of the solar panel.
The detection host (1) determines the number of pulses of the solar panel charging time counting pulse signal sent by each serial number detection slave (2) according to the detection slave serial number judgment signal received by the port P2.6 of U5 and the solar panel charging time counting pulse signal received by the port P2.5, and respectively compares the number of pulses with the stored detection pulse number threshold; if the number of pulses of the counting pulse signals of the charging time of the solar panel is larger than the detection pulse number threshold, the quality problem of the solar panel is shown, the detection host (1) sends the number of the corresponding detection slave (2) to the upper computer, and workers can quickly find the position of the solar panel with the quality problem according to the number.
When the detection device is used, the upper computer can also set a plurality of detection pulse number threshold values according to the grades and sends the detection pulse number threshold values to the detection host (1), so that the detection host (1) can count the pulse signal pulse number according to the charging time of each solar panel, divide the solar panels into a plurality of grades according to the excellent, good, medium and poor solar panels and send the division results to the upper computer.
The present invention is not described in detail in the prior art.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a solar panel detection device which characterized by: the system comprises a detection master machine (1) and a plurality of detection slave machines (2) with the same structure;
the detection host (1) comprises an STC89C52RC single chip microcomputer U5, a CH340USB conversion chip U6, a triode Q4, a triode Q5, a resistor R5, capacitors C4-C6 and a crystal oscillator XTAL; the port TXD of the U6 is connected with the port RXD of the U5, the port RXD of the U6 is connected with the port TXD of the U5, and the port GND of the U6 is grounded GND; two ends of the crystal oscillator XTAL are respectively connected with the ports XTAL1 and XTAL2 of the U5, a node between the crystal oscillator XTAL and the port XTAL1 of the U5 is grounded gnd through a capacitor C6, and a node between the crystal oscillator XTAL and the port XTAL2 of the U5 is grounded gnd through a capacitor C5; a port VCC of the U5 is grounded gnd sequentially through a capacitor C4 and a resistor R5, and a port RST of the U5 is connected with a node between the capacitor C4 and the resistor R5; the base electrode of the triode Q4 is connected with the port P2.4 of the U5, and the emitter electrode is connected with a +5V power supply; the base electrode of the triode Q5 is connected with the port P2.7 of the U5, and the emitter electrode is connected with a +5V power supply;
the detection slave machine (2) comprises an amplification module (2-1), a switch module (2-2), a charge-discharge module (2-3), a voltage-stabilizing module (2-4) and a control module (2-5);
the amplification module (2-1) comprises an INA282 differential amplifier U1, a resistor R1; one end of the resistor R1 is connected with the anode of the solar panel to be detected, and the other end is connected with a +12V power supply; the ports GND, REF1 and REF2 of the U1 are all grounded GND, the port + IN of the U1 is connected with a node between the resistor R1 and the solar panel, the port-IN of the U1 is connected with a node between the resistor R1 and the +12V power supply, the port V + of the U1 is connected with the +12V power supply, and the port OUT of the U1 is connected with the switch module (2-2);
the switch module (2-2) comprises an optical coupler U2, a resistor R2 and a resistor R3; the anode of the U2 is connected with a +5V power supply through a resistor R3, the cathode of the U2 is connected with the control module (2-5), the collector of the U2 is connected with the port OUT of the U1 in the amplification module (2-1) through a resistor R2, and the emitter of the U2 is connected with the charge-discharge module (2-3);
the charge-discharge module (2-3) comprises a triode Q1, a capacitor C1 and a resistor R4; the base electrode of the triode Q1 is connected with the emitter electrode of U2 in the switch module (2-2), the collector electrode is grounded gnd through a capacitor C1, and the emitter electrode is connected with the voltage stabilizing module (2-4); the resistor R4 is connected with the capacitor C1 in parallel;
the voltage stabilizing module (2-4) comprises a W7805 voltage stabilizing chip U3, a capacitor C2 and a capacitor C3; the port Vin of the U3 is grounded GND through a capacitor C2, the port Vo is grounded GND through a capacitor C3, and the port GND is grounded; the node between the port Vin of U3 and the capacitor C2 is connected with the +12V power supply; a node between a port Vo of the U3 and the capacitor C3 is connected with an emitter of a triode Q1 in the charge-discharge module (2-3);
the control module (2-5) comprises an STC15F104W single chip microcomputer U4, a triode Q2 and a triode Q3; a port P3.4 of the U4 is connected with a collector of a triode Q1 in the charging and discharging module (2-3), a port VCC is connected with a node between a port Vo of U3 in the voltage stabilizing module (2-4) and a capacitor C3, a port P3.5 is connected with a cathode of U2 in the switch module (2-2), and a port GND is grounded GND; the base electrode of the triode Q2 is connected with a port P3.2 of the U4, the emitter electrode is connected with a +5V power supply, and the collector electrode is connected with a port P2.6 of the U5 in the detection host (1) through a bus b; the base electrode of the triode Q3 is connected with the port P3.0 of the U4, the emitter electrode is connected with a +5V power supply, and the collector electrode is connected with the port P2.5 of the U5 in the detection host (1) through a bus c;
one detection slave machine (2) detects one solar panel, and a plurality of detection slave machines (2) are sequentially connected and sequentially detect the corresponding solar panel; a port P3.3 of a U4 in a control module (2-5) of the No. 1 detection slave machine (2) is connected with a collector of a triode Q5 in the detection host machine (1); the port P3.1 of U4 in the control module (2-5) of the No. i detection slave (2) is connected with the port P3.3 of U4 in the control module (2-5) of the No. i +1 detection slave (2); the port P3.1 of the U4 in the control module (2-5) of the N detection slave (2) is connected with the collector of the triode Q4 in the detection host (1).
2. The solar panel inspection apparatus of claim 1, wherein: n is the number of the solar panels to be detected, and i is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to N-1.
3. The solar panel inspection apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the optical coupler U2 is a linear optical coupler chip EL 817.
4. The solar panel inspection apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the model of the triode Q1 is S9014.
5. The solar panel inspection apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the models of the triodes Q2, Q3, Q4 and Q5 are all S8850.
6. The solar panel inspection apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the detection host (1) utilizes a CH430USB conversion chip U6 to communicate with an upper computer through a USB interface.
7. The solar panel inspection apparatus of claim 1, wherein: and a numbering label is arranged on the detection slave machine (2).
8. A method for inspecting a solar panel inspection apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein: comprises four steps of the following steps of,
s1, connecting a detection device;
connecting a detection host (1) with an upper computer, sequentially connecting the detection host (1) and detection slave machines (2) according to the numbering sequence, and connecting each detection slave machine (2) with a corresponding solar panel to be detected;
s2, starting the detection device to work;
after the detection device is connected, sending a detection pulse number threshold value to the detection host (1) through the upper computer; after the detection host (1) receives and stores the detection pulse number threshold, a high level signal is sent to the No. 1 detection slave (2) connected with the detection host by using a port P2.7 of U5, and the solar panel is started to detect;
s3, the detection slave machine (2) sequentially detects the corresponding solar panels;
s3.1, after a port P3.3 of U4 in the No. 1 detection slave machine (2) receives a high level signal, and after a U4 initializes the pin level of the U4, the port P3.2 sends the high level signal to the detection host machine (1) through a bus b, and informs the No. 1 detection slave machine (2) to start corresponding solar panel detection work;
s3.2 and No. 1 detection slave units (2) send low level signals to a port P3.5 of U4, an optical coupler U2 is conducted, a capacitor C1 starts to charge, and a port P3.0 of U4 sends solar panel charging time counting pulse signals to a detection host unit (1) through a bus C;
s3.3, when a port P3.4 of U4 in the No. 1 detection slave machine (2) receives a high level signal, the capacitor C1 is charged completely, a port P3.2 of U4 sends a low level signal to the detection host machine (1) through a bus b, the No. 1 detection slave machine (2) finishes detection of a corresponding solar panel, meanwhile, a port P3.5 of U4 sends a high level signal, an optical coupler U2 is disconnected, and the port P3.0 stops sending pulse signals;
s3.4, after a port P3.1 of U4 in the No. 1 detection slave machine (2) is pulled down for one millisecond, sending a high level signal to the No. 2 detection slave machine (2) and informing the No. 2 detection slave machine (2) to start to detect the corresponding solar panel;
s3.5, sequentially performing detection on the corresponding solar panels by each detection slave machine (2) according to the steps 3.2-3.4, and after the detection work of the number N detection slave machine (2) is finished, sending a high-level signal to the detection host machine (1) by a port P3.1 of U4 to indicate that all the solar panels are detected;
s4, judging the quality of the solar panel by the detection host (1);
the detection host (1) judges the solar panel with quality problems according to the pulse number of the solar panel charging time counting pulse signal sent by each detection slave (2) and the stored detection pulse number threshold, and sends the number of the corresponding detection slave (2) to the upper computer.
9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the method comprises: the upper computer sets a plurality of detection pulse number thresholds and sends the detection pulse number thresholds to the detection host (1).
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