CN111817017B - Reflector antenna based on arrayed micro displacement control - Google Patents
Reflector antenna based on arrayed micro displacement control Download PDFInfo
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- CN111817017B CN111817017B CN202010563408.5A CN202010563408A CN111817017B CN 111817017 B CN111817017 B CN 111817017B CN 202010563408 A CN202010563408 A CN 202010563408A CN 111817017 B CN111817017 B CN 111817017B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/14—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/14—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
- H01Q15/145—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures comprising a plurality of reflecting particles, e.g. radar chaff
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of microwave antennas, and particularly relates to a reflector antenna based on arrayed micro displacement control, which is used for solving the problems of heaviness, inflexibility and the like of the conventional reflector antenna. The reflector antenna comprises a reflector 1 and a feed source 2, wherein the reflector comprises a plurality of array units which are arranged in an array manner, and each array unit comprises a metal unit and a micro stepping motor; each array unit adjusts the phase of radiation and received waves through the tiny movement of a precise miniature stepping motor, controls the shape of a wave beam, and realizes the adjustment of gain and wave beam width and the scanning of single wave beams and multi-wave beams; the stepping of the stepping motor is in the order of mum, so the phase stepping provided by the array is far smaller than that of a digital phase shifter; because the phase of the wave has periodicity, the relative displacement between the array units is within one wavelength, thereby ensuring that the antenna has a low profile.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of microwave antennas, and particularly relates to a reflector antenna based on arrayed micro displacement control.
Background
The reflector antenna is one of the main forms of aperture antennas, and utilizes the focusing principle to place the feed source for radiating spherical wave at the focus, and then forms the plane wave front at the aperture position by the reflection of electromagnetic wave on the reflector. The reflecting surface antenna is generally composed of a feed source and a reflecting surface, wherein the feed source can be a weak directional antenna such as a vibrator, a horn, a slit and the like, and the reflecting surface can be a paraboloid of revolution, a paraboloid of cut, a cylindrical paraboloid, a spherical surface, a plane and the like.
Because the reflector antenna has simple structure, easy design and excellent performance, the reflector antenna can be widely applied to the wavebands from decimeters to millimeters, including satellite communication, remote communication, tracking radar, meteorological radar, radio astronomical telescope, and the like. The higher the working frequency of the reflector antenna is, the larger the caliber size of the reflector is, the higher the section is, and the manufacturing cost of the antenna is increased rapidly along with the increase of the caliber; the reflector antenna is to realize beam scanning, which is generally realized by integral rotation of the reflector antenna, namely, so-called mechanical scanning; but the size and weight of the antenna are large, so that the efficiency of mechanical scanning is not high, and the data rate of the radar is affected; the gain and the beam width of the designed reflector antenna are usually determined and constant, and the design that a single feed source is replaced by a feed source array consisting of a plurality of feed sources is usually adopted for the multi-beam reflector antenna, so that the number of beams and the field of view are limited.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of heavy weight, inflexibility and the like of the existing reflector antenna, and provides a reflector antenna based on arrayed micro displacement control; the reflector antenna has low profile, variable gain and wave beam width, and can realize multi-beam scanning, namely, the phase of the wave beam is controlled by adopting micro displacement, and the multifunctional active phased array with high price and high difficulty coefficient is realized.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a reflector antenna based on arrayed micro displacement control is composed of a reflector 1 and a feed source 2; the reflecting surface 1 is composed of a plurality of array units arranged in an array, each array unit is composed of a metal unit 10 and a micro stepping motor 11, and the micro stepping motor 11 is connected to the center of the metal unit 10 and used for achieving position adjustment of the metal unit 10 along the movement direction of the micro stepping motor 11.
Further, the spacing d between the array units is:
the metal unit 10 of the array unit has the size of
Further, since the phase of the arrival of the emitted surface wave is periodic by 2 π, the relative displacement between the array elements is within one wavelength, i.e., the movement distance of the micro stepper motor 11 is within one operating wavelength.
Further, the feed source 2 is a pyramid horn, a cone horn, a corrugated horn or a horn array, and is determined according to the actual application requirements; the reflecting surface is rectangular or circular and is determined according to the actual application requirement; the metal unit 10 can be square, round or regular hexagon, which is determined according to the requirement of practical application.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a reflecting surface antenna based on arrayed micro displacement control, wherein a reflecting surface is composed of a plurality of array units which are arranged in an array manner, each array unit adjusts the phases of radiation and received waves through micro motion of a precise micro stepping motor, controls the shape of a wave beam, and realizes adjustment of gain and wave beam width and single-wave beam and multi-wave beam scanning; the stepping of the stepping motor is in the order of mum, so the phase stepping provided by the array is far smaller than that of a digital phase shifter; because the phase of the wave has periodicity, the relative displacement between the array units is within one wavelength, thereby ensuring that the antenna has a low profile.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a reflector antenna based on arrayed micro-displacement control according to the present invention; wherein, 1 is a reflecting surface, 2 is a feed source, and 10 is a metal unit.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an array unit structure of a reflector antenna based on arrayed micro-displacement control according to the present invention; wherein 11 is a stepping motor.
Fig. 3a and 3b are cross-sectional views of two different forms of reflective surfaces provided by embodiments of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a first E-plane far-field pattern of the reflector antenna based on the arrayed micro-displacement control according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a second E-plane far-field pattern of the reflector antenna based on the arrayed micro-displacement control according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and should not be construed as limiting the invention. Other embodiments, which can be devised by those skilled in the art without inventive faculty, are within the scope of the invention.
The invention provides a reflector antenna based on arrayed micro displacement control, which has a structure shown in figure 1 and consists of a reflector 1 and a feed source 2; the feed source 2 can adopt a pyramid horn, a cone horn, a corrugated horn or a horn array and the like, and is determined according to the actual application requirements; the reflecting surface 1 is composed of a plurality of array units which are arranged in an array, the number of the array units is determined by the aperture of the reflecting surface and the size of the array units, and the reflecting surface is rectangular or circular and is determined according to the actual application requirement. Compared with a common reflector antenna, the cross-sectional height of the unit array 10 is within one wavelength, so that the cross-sectional height of a traditional reflector, especially a large-caliber reflector antenna, is greatly reduced.
More specifically, the structure of the array unit is as shown in fig. 2, and the array unit is composed of a metal unit 10 and a precision micro stepper motor 11, wherein the precision micro stepper motor 11 is connected to the center of the metal unit 10, and is used for realizing axial movement of the metal unit 10 along the central axis of the precision micro stepper motor 11; the metal unit 10 can be square, round, regular hexagon, etc., the specific shape is determined according to the application requirement, and the size is
The axial distance between the array units is adjusted by a precision micro-stepping motor 11, sinceThe periodic characteristic of the wave phase makes the regulating range of the precise micro-stepping motor 11 within one wavelength, thereby realizing the control of the phase of the wave reaching the reflecting surface by micro displacement.
Compared with the conventional antenna using a paraboloid of revolution as a reflecting surface, in the reflecting surface 1 of the present invention, in the initial state, the array units are all in the same plane, such as the xy plane (z is 0) shown in fig. 1, the phase of the central position of the paraboloid of revolution is used as a reference phase, and the phase difference between each array unit and the reference phase is sequentially calculated by using the phase corresponding to the central unit (origin of coordinates) of the array; from the symmetry of the paraboloid of revolution, only the phase difference between each unit on the axis of the z axis needs to be calculated, and the paraboloid of revolution is a parabola on the xz plane, and the equation of the parabola is (the center of the parabola is located at the origin of coordinates, and the initial position of the array plane is located at the xy plane):
x2＝4fz
wherein f is the distance from the paraboloid to the focus thereof (determined by the design target), and x and z are the positions of the parabola on the coordinate axis;
the wave reaching the array unit is concentrated at the central position of each unit, the central position of each array unit in the initial state and the z coordinate on the parabola located under the same x coordinate are calculated, and the formula is shown as follows:
the z obtained by the formula is the axial distance between each array unit with the center at different x positions and the array unit at the center position, and the axial moving distance of the array unit in the z-axis direction is calculated as
The remainder of (d), labeled Δ z;
that is, the array center unit is used as the origin of coordinates, the distance between any array unit and the center unit (the distance between the centers of the array elements) is used as a variable (in this embodiment, the value x), and the moving distance (Δ z) of the array unit is calculated by substituting the above expression, so that the whole reflecting surface is formed.
In addition, the step of the precise micro stepper motor in the present invention is in the order of μm, and compared to the six-bit digital phase shifter (phase step is 5.625 °) used in the phased array antenna, the phase step of the array in the present invention is calculated by the following formula:
in the formula, λ is the wavelength of the radiation or reception wave, and the unit is mm, so the phase step provided by the antenna array of the present invention is determined by the wavelength of the radiation or reception wave, and if the radiation or reception wave is millimeter wave, the phase step is 0.036-0.36 °; this phase stepping is far from achievable with existing digital phase shifters.
In this embodiment:
the reflecting surface of the provided reflecting surface antenna based on arrayed micro displacement control is circular, the caliber is 600mm, the array unit (metal unit 10) is square, and the unit size is
Between units and
the reflecting surfaces are formed by periodically arranging the intervals;
keeping the position of the feed source 2 unchanged, optimizing the obtained data, and controlling the adjustment of the precise micro stepping motor 11 to form a reflecting surface shown as 1-1 in fig. 3a, wherein an E-plane far-field directional pattern obtained through simulation is shown as state1 in fig. 4; adjusting the reflecting surface shown in fig. 3a twice, and respectively simulating to obtain an E-surface far-field directional diagram shown in state2 and state3 in fig. 4; as shown in fig. 4, at 35GHz, the gain and the beam width at each time are: 43.9dBi, 0.5 °, 34.1dBi, 3.1 °, 30.4dBi, 5.4 °, it can be seen that the gain and width of the antenna far field pattern beam is changed by a small displacement of the array elements;
forming a reflecting surface as shown in 1-2 in fig. 3b by controlling the adjustment of the precise micro stepping motor 11, wherein the simulated far-field directional diagram of the E surface is shown as state1 in fig. 5; adjusting the reflecting surface shown in fig. 3b twice, and respectively simulating to obtain an E-surface far-field directional diagram shown in state2 and state3 in fig. 5; as shown in FIG. 5, at 35GHz, the main lobe directions of states 1-3 are respectively: 2 °, 6 °, 13 °, whereby the main lobe direction of the antenna far field pattern is changed by a slight displacement of the array elements.
The beam synthesis of the same active phased array is the same, the pointing of the synthesized beam is controlled by controlling the phase of each unit beam, and multi-beam scanning is realized; the reflecting surface antenna based on arrayed micro-displacement control controls the phase of a wave reaching the reflecting surface by adjusting the position of the antenna array unit, thereby controlling the synthesis of a wave beam and realizing multi-beam scanning under the condition that the unit array is sufficient. In summary, the reflector antenna based on the arrayed micro-displacement control adjusts the phases of the radiated wave and the received wave through the micro-motion of the precise stepping motor, controls the shape of the wave beam, realizes the adjustment of the gain and the wave beam width, realizes single-wave beam scanning, and can realize multi-wave beam scanning under the condition that the unit array is sufficient.
While the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments, any feature disclosed in this specification may be replaced by alternative features serving the same, equivalent or similar purpose, unless expressly stated otherwise; all of the disclosed features, or all of the method or process steps, may be combined in any combination, except mutually exclusive features and/or steps.
Claims (6)
1. A reflector antenna based on arrayed micro displacement control is composed of a reflector 1 and a feed source 2; the reflecting surface 1 is composed of a plurality of array units arranged in an array, each array unit is composed of a metal unit 10 and a micro stepping motor 11, and the micro stepping motor 11 is connected to the center of the metal unit 10 and used for realizing the position adjustment of the metal unit 10 along the movement direction of the micro stepping motor 11;
the motion direction of the micro stepping motor is the vertical distance direction between the reflecting surface and the feed source; to be located in an arrayTaking the array unit at the center of the column as a reference, calculating the position adjustment amount of any array unit as Δ z: Δ z is
Where, λ is the operating wavelength,
f is the distance from the preset paraboloid of revolution to the focal point of the paraboloid of revolution, and x is the distance from the array unit to the central array unit.
2. The arrayed fine displacement control-based reflector antenna of claim 1, wherein the spacing d between the array elements is:
the metal unit 10 of the array unit has the size of
3. The arrayed fine displacement control-based reflector antenna of claim 1, wherein the micro-stepper motor 11 moves within an operating wavelength.
4. The arrayed micro-displacement control-based reflector antenna according to claim 1, wherein the feed source 2 is a pyramidal horn, a conical horn, a corrugated horn or a horn array.
5. The arrayed micro displacement control based reflector antenna of claim 1, wherein the reflector is rectangular or circular.
6. The arrayed micro-displacement control-based reflector antenna of claim 1, wherein the metal elements are square, circular or regular hexagonal.
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| CN112307588B (en) * | 2020-11-10 | 2024-02-06 | 西安工程大学 | Non-uniform parabolic array antenna design method |
| CN113328251A (en) * | 2021-05-31 | 2021-08-31 | 贵州大学 | Height-adjustable reconfigurable reflective array antenna structure and design method |
| CN113534716B (en) * | 2021-07-21 | 2023-07-04 | 山西大同大学 | Mechanical super-surface control system and method with continuously tunable geometric phase |
| CN115483540B (en) * | 2022-09-06 | 2024-10-15 | 中国工程物理研究院应用电子学研究所 | Ka-band high-power wave beam scanning polarization torsion planar antenna |
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