CN111816342B - Method for disassembling irradiation device - Google Patents
Method for disassembling irradiation device Download PDFInfo
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- CN111816342B CN111816342B CN202010855085.7A CN202010855085A CN111816342B CN 111816342 B CN111816342 B CN 111816342B CN 202010855085 A CN202010855085 A CN 202010855085A CN 111816342 B CN111816342 B CN 111816342B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a disintegration method of an irradiation device, which comprises the following steps: s10, hoisting the irradiation device; s30, moving the irradiation device to the shielding device, and placing the activated section of the cylindrical shell into the shielding device from the opening of the shielding device, wherein the safety section of the cylindrical shell is at least partially exposed out of the shielding device; s50, cutting off the part of the safety section exposed out of the shielding device; s90 putting the rest of the irradiation device into the shielding device completely. The technical scheme of the invention can reduce the irradiation risk of the workers, and ensure that the irradiation dose, irradiation objects of the workers and the radiation safety of a working site can be under effective safety supervision.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of nuclear industry, in particular to a disintegration method of an irradiation device.
Background
In the research reactor, after the irradiation experiment is performed on the irradiation device, the irradiation device needs to be disassembled, that is, the shell of the irradiation device is peeled off, the internal wire (such as a monitoring signal wire and an air pipe) is cut off, and the internal irradiation object is taken out for subsequent experimental analysis. Because the irradiation object is activated into a strong radioactive source after irradiation, the disassembly process of the irradiation device after piling needs to be specially designed, thereby protecting the safety of workers.
The existing disintegration process is mostly as follows: the whole irradiation device is lifted out by a crane through remote control and is placed on the ground of a piling hall, a shield prepared in advance is piled in an activation section of the irradiation device, and finally workers perform disassembly work on the irradiation device at a short distance. Because crane remote control can receive operating technique's limitation, cause easily that the shielding body misoperation, pile and place the position and appear the deviation, make the staff irradiated dose surge, produce the potential safety hazard. In addition, when the irradiation device is placed on the ground of the reactor hall, the outer wall of the irradiation device is scattered by attachments carried out from the research reactor (for example, if the research reactor is a pool reactor, the outer wall of the irradiation device is attached to the coolant in the pool of the reactor), and radioactive contamination is caused to the bottom surface of the reactor hall.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention has been developed to provide a method of disassembling an irradiation arrangement that overcomes, or at least partially solves, the above-mentioned problems.
The invention provides a method for disassembling an irradiation device, which comprises a cylindrical shell and an irradiation object arranged in the cylindrical shell, wherein the section of the cylindrical shell corresponding to the irradiation object forms an activated section, and the section of the cylindrical shell above the activated section forms a safety section. The disintegration method comprises the following steps: step S10, hoisting the irradiation device; step S30, moving the irradiation device to the shielding device, and placing the activated section of the cylindrical shell into the shielding device from the opening of the shielding device, wherein the safety section of the cylindrical shell is at least partially exposed out of the shielding device; step S50, cutting off the portion of the safety zone exposed to the shielding device; step S90 puts the remaining irradiation devices completely into the shielding device.
Further, in step S30, a lifting device is connected to the top of the irradiation device, and the lifting device controls the irradiation device to operate. Between the step S30 and the step S50, the method further includes: step S40 fixes the irradiation device. Step S50 includes: and cutting off the part of the safety section, which is positioned above the fixed position of the irradiation device and is exposed out of the shielding device. Between the step S50 and the step S90, the method further includes: step S70, connecting the hoisting equipment with the rest irradiation devices; step S80 releases the fixing of the irradiation device.
Further, step S40 includes: and fixing the position of the safety section, which is exposed out of the shielding device and close to the opening of the shielding device.
Further, step S40 includes: the position of the safety section, which is exposed out of the shielding device and close to the opening of the shielding device, is clamped through the clamping device with adjustable tightness so as to realize fixation.
Further, in step S50, the safety zone is cut by a cutting tool.
Furthermore, the irradiation device also comprises a wire rod arranged in the cylindrical shell, one end of the wire rod is connected with the irradiation object, and the other end of the wire rod penetrates out from the top end of the cylindrical shell. Between the step S50 and the step S90, the method further includes: step S60 cuts the exposed wire.
Further, step S60 further includes: the wire remaining after the cutting is fixed to the cylindrical case.
Further, the shielding device is a hot chamber, the hot chamber comprises a hot chamber main body and a first shielding ring embedded in an opening of the hot chamber main body, the radial dimension of an inner hole of the first shielding ring is larger than that of the cylindrical shell, and the difference between the radial dimension of the inner hole and the radial dimension of the inner hole is 1 mm-10 mm. Step S30 includes: and moving the irradiation device to the upper part of the hot chamber main body, and putting the activated section of the cylindrical shell into the hot chamber main body from the inner hole of the first shielding ring, wherein the safety section of the cylindrical shell is at least partially exposed out of the hot chamber main body.
Further, the shielding device is a shielding container, the shielding container comprises a container body, a second shielding ring detachably embedded into the opening of the container body, and a cover body capable of being sealed and covered on the container body, the radial size of the inner hole of the second shielding ring is larger than that of the cylindrical shell, and the difference range of the two is 1 mm-10 mm. Step S30 includes: when the container body is opened, the irradiation device is moved to the position above the container body, the activated section of the cylindrical shell is placed into the container body from the inner hole of the second shielding ring, and the safety section of the cylindrical shell is at least partially exposed out of the container body. Step S90 is followed by: step S100 is to cover the container body with a lid body to perform sealing.
Further, the cover may be inserted into the opening of the container body instead of the second shield ring. The step S100 includes: the second shield ring is removed and the lid is inserted into the opening of the container body to seal it.
Further, the bottom of the container body has an outlet, which can be selectively opened or closed. Step S100 is followed by: step S200 transports the shield container and the irradiation device to the upper side of the hot cell, opens the outlet of the container body, and the irradiation device is sent into the hot cell through the outlet and the opening of the hot cell in sequence.
Further, between the step S10 and the step S30, the method further includes: step S20 is to pre-cut the safety section of the tubular housing outside the pile, and when pre-cutting is performed, the activated section of the tubular housing is always located inside the pile, and a part of the safety section is reserved after the pre-cutting is completed.
Further, in step S10, a lifting device is connected to the top of the irradiation device, and the irradiation device is lifted by the lifting device. Step S20 includes: step S21 is to locate a part of the safety section of the tubular case outside the pile; step S22, fixing the irradiation device; step S23, cutting off the part of the safety zone, which is positioned above the fixed position of the irradiation device and outside the pile; step S26, connecting the hoisting equipment with the irradiation device after pre-cutting; step S27 releases the fixing of the irradiation device.
Further, step S23 is followed by: and S24, if the integral height of the cut irradiation device meets the requirement of the operation height of the lifting equipment, completing pre-cutting, and if the integral height of the cut irradiation device does not meet the requirement of the operation height of the lifting equipment, repeating the steps S21 to S23 until the integral height meets the requirement.
Further, step S22 includes: the position of the safety section outside the stack is fixed.
Further, step S22 includes: the position of the safety section outside the pile is clamped by a clamping device with adjustable tightness so as to realize fixation.
Further, in step S23, the safety zone is cut by a cutting tool.
Furthermore, the irradiation device also comprises a wire rod arranged in the cylindrical shell, one end of the wire rod is connected with the irradiation object, and the other end of the wire rod penetrates out from the top end of the cylindrical shell. Step S23 is followed by: step S25 cuts the exposed wire.
Further, step S25 further includes: the wire remaining after the cutting is fixed to the cylindrical case.
Further, in step S30, the irradiation device is controlled to operate by remotely operating the hoisting device.
By applying the technical scheme of the invention, the irradiation device is hoisted to be disassembled, so that attachments on the outer wall of the irradiation device can be prevented from being scattered on the ground, and the risk of radioactive contamination is effectively reduced; the existing shielding body is built by directly shielding or placing the activated section of the irradiation device by using the shielding device, so that the exposure time of the activated section of the irradiation device in unnecessary places is reduced as much as possible, the irradiation risk of workers is reduced, and the irradiation dose, irradiation objects of the workers and the radiation safety of a working place can be under effective safety supervision. In addition, because the whole length of the irradiation device is generally larger than the containable size in the shielding device, in the disassembly process, the activated section of the irradiation device is firstly placed into the shielding device, and the part of the safety section of the irradiation device, which is exposed out of the shielding device, is cut off, so that the length of the irradiation device is shortened, and the remaining irradiation device can be completely placed into the shielding device.
Drawings
Other objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of the invention which refers to the accompanying drawings, and will assist in a comprehensive understanding of the invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an irradiation device involved in a disassembly method of the irradiation device according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a flowchart of a method for disassembling an irradiation device according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a detailed flowchart of the step S20 in the disassembly method of the irradiation device of FIG. 2;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a caliper involved in a disassembling method of an irradiation device according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is an exploded structural view of a hot chamber involved in a disassembly method of an irradiation apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a flowchart of a method for disassembling an irradiation device according to a second embodiment of the present invention; and
fig. 7 is an exploded structural view of a shield container involved in a method of disassembling an irradiation facility according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
It is to be noted that the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale but are merely shown in a schematic manner which does not detract from the understanding of the reader.
Description of reference numerals:
10. a cylindrical housing; 11. an activated segment; 12. a secure section; 13. a wire rod; 21. a ferrule; 22. a threaded rod; 31. a hot chamber body; 32. a first shield ring; 41. a container body; 42. a second shield ring; 43. a cover body.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. It should be apparent that the described embodiment is one embodiment of the invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the described embodiments of the invention without any inventive step, are within the scope of protection of the invention.
It is to be noted that technical terms or scientific terms used herein should have the ordinary meaning as understood by those having ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention belongs, unless otherwise defined. If the description "first", "second", etc. is referred to throughout, the description of "first", "second", etc. is used only for distinguishing similar objects, and is not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance, order or number of technical features indicated, it being understood that the data described in "first", "second", etc. may be interchanged where appropriate. If "and/or" is presented throughout, it is meant to include three juxtapositions, exemplified by "A and/or B" and including either scheme A, or scheme B, or schemes in which both A and B are satisfied. Furthermore, spatially relative terms, such as "above," "below," "top," "bottom," and the like, may be used herein for ease of description to describe one element or feature's spatial relationship to another element or feature as illustrated in the figures, and should be understood to encompass different orientations in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures.
Fig. 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of an irradiation device involved in a disassembly method of the irradiation device according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the irradiation device in this embodiment is disposed in a study reactor (not shown) and is perpendicular to the core of the study reactor. The irradiation device comprises a cylindrical shell 10 and irradiation objects, wherein the cylindrical shell 10 is made of a material which is not easy to activate (such as aluminum with a short half-life), the irradiation objects are arranged in the cylindrical shell 10, the section of the cylindrical shell 10 corresponding to the irradiation objects forms an activated section 11, and the section of the cylindrical shell 10 above the activated section 11 forms a safe section 12. The activated section 11 refers to a section of the cylindrical shell 10 corresponding to the irradiation object, and does not mean that the activated section 11 itself is activated to have radioactivity.
In addition, the irradiation device further comprises a wire 13 arranged in the cylindrical shell 10, one end of the wire 13 is connected with the irradiation object, and the other end of the wire 13 penetrates out of the top end of the cylindrical shell 10. The wire 13 comprises a signal wire, an air pipe and the like, and the wire 13 penetrates out of the top end of the cylindrical shell 10 and is led out of the research pile, so that the wire can be connected to a monitoring instrument to monitor various performance states of the irradiation object.
It should be noted that the irradiation device of the present embodiment is of a vertically arranged long cylindrical type, and the activated section 11 is located at the bottom of the cylindrical housing 10. Of course, in other embodiments not shown in the figures, the irradiation device may also have other shapes, such as a rectangular parallelepiped; the irradiation device may also be arranged in other ways, for example, inclined in the stack; the activated section can also be located elsewhere in the tubular housing, for example, the activated section is located in the middle or lower middle portion of the tubular housing.
Fig. 2 shows a flowchart of a method for disassembling an irradiation device according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 2, the method for disassembling the irradiation device includes steps S10 to S90, which are as follows:
step S10: the hoisting equipment is connected with the top of the irradiation device, and the irradiation device is hoisted in a vertical state through the hoisting equipment.
It should be noted that the connection position of the lifting device and the irradiation device is not limited to the top, and in other embodiments, the lifting device may be connected to other positions of the irradiation device, such as the middle-upper portion or both the top and the middle-upper portion. In addition, in other embodiments, the irradiation device may be lifted in other states such as an inclined state, and is not limited to being lifted in a vertical state.
Because the total length of the irradiation device is usually longer, the lifting height (generally, the sum of the overall length of the irradiation device, the height of the shielding device and the length of the connecting belt for lifting) when the irradiation device is lifted out of the stack and then enters the shielding device can exceed the use height of the lifting equipment. Due to the limitation of the design of the height of the lifting device, the irradiation device needs to be pre-cut before being completely stacked, so as to reduce the total length of the irradiation device.
Step S20: the safety section 12 of the tubular housing 10 is pre-cut outside the stack, and the activated section 11 of the tubular housing 10 is always located inside the stack when the pre-cutting is performed, and part of the safety section 12 is reserved after the pre-cutting is completed.
The activated section 11 is located in the pile all the time when pre-cutting is carried out, so that the activated section 11 and irradiation objects in the activated section 11 can be shielded by using the research pile, and the safety of workers when pre-cutting is carried out is guaranteed.
Fig. 3 shows a detailed flowchart of the step S20 in the disassembling method of the irradiation device of fig. 2.
As shown in fig. 3, in the present embodiment, step S20 includes the following steps:
step S21: positioning a portion of the safety section 12 of the tubular housing 10 outside the stack;
step S22: fixing the position of the safety section 12 of the irradiation device outside the pile;
step S23: cutting off the part of the safety section 12 which is positioned above the fixed position of the irradiation device and outside the pile;
step S24: if the integral height of the cut irradiation device meets the requirement of the operating height of the lifting equipment, pre-cutting is finished, and if the integral height of the cut irradiation device does not meet the requirement of the operating height of the lifting equipment, the steps S21 to S23 are repeated until the requirement is met;
step S25: the wire 13 exposed to the irradiation device is cut off, and the wire 13 remaining after the cutting is fixed to the cylindrical case 10.
Step S26: connecting the hoisting equipment with the irradiation device after pre-cutting;
step S27: and releasing the fixation of the irradiation device.
In this embodiment, in order to prevent the cylindrical housing 10 remaining after cutting from sliding into the stack, step S22 is to clamp the safety section 12 at a position outside the stack by a clamping device with adjustable tightness to achieve fixation. Wherein the clamping device comprises a caliper adapted to the size of the safety section 12 of the cylindrical housing 10 of the irradiation device. Specifically, as shown in fig. 4, the caliper includes two clamping sleeves 21 disposed oppositely and two threaded rods 22 disposed on the clamping sleeves 21, the clamping surfaces attached to the cylindrical housing 10 are disposed on the opposite sides of the two clamping sleeves 21, and the adjusting threaded rods 22 can adjust the distance between the two clamping sleeves 21, so as to adjust the tightness of the caliper to clamp or loosen the cylindrical housing 10 of the irradiation device.
It should be noted that the clamping device is not limited to the clamp, and may be other devices capable of fixing the irradiation device, or even the clamping device may not be provided, and the safety section of the irradiation device is directly fixed by a hoisting device or a manipulator with a sufficient bearing capacity. Furthermore, the fixation of the position of the safety section 12 of the irradiation device outside the stack is not limited, and in other embodiments, the portion of the irradiation device inside the stack may be fixed as long as the fixation position is below the severing position.
In this embodiment, step S23 is to cut the part located above the irradiation device fixing position and outside the stack by the cutting tool. The cutting means comprise a cutter which needs to be adapted to the size of the safety section 12 of the cylindrical housing 10 of the irradiation device. The cutting tool can avoid sawdust generated when the existing saw-like tool is used for disassembling the irradiation device, so that the probability of radioactive contamination is reduced to the minimum, the sawdust is prevented from being sucked into a human body to cause internal irradiation, and the environmental safety of a piling room and the personal safety of workers are practically ensured. Of course, the cutting tool may also include other tools such as hydraulic pliers, laser cutters, flame cutters, etc.
In the present embodiment, the step S25 may use hydraulic cutting pliers to cut the wire 13, so as to facilitate the removal of the cut cylindrical housing 10 and prevent the wire 13 from being too long to affect the subsequent operation. In order to prevent the cut wire 13 from sliding into the remaining part of the tubular housing 10 of the irradiation device, the wire 13 may be fixed by a wire-clamping structure capable of holding a small object, so as to fix the wire 13 remaining after cutting on the tubular housing 10. Of course, in other embodiments, other cutting tools and clamping devices may be used to cut and secure the wire 13; in other embodiments, the wire 13 may not be cut or fixed first at the time of pre-cutting.
In step S24, the phrase "the total height of the irradiation facility after being cut meets the operating height requirement of the hoisting equipment" means that the sum of the length of the irradiation facility after being cut, the height of the shielding container and the length of the connecting band for hoisting does not exceed the operating height of the hoisting equipment. Conversely, the phrase "the overall height of the irradiation device after being cut does not meet the operating height requirement of the hoisting equipment" means that the sum of the length of the irradiation device after being cut, the height of the shielding container and the length of the connecting band for hoisting exceeds the use height of the hoisting equipment.
In other embodiments, if the overall height of the irradiation device is fixed and the pre-cutting length and the pre-cutting number are calculated in advance, the determination step of step S24 may not be needed, and the pre-cutting length and the pre-cutting number may be directly used.
In some embodiments, pre-cutting is not required if the overall height of the irradiation device is such that the required hoisting height meets the operational height requirements of the hoisting equipment, at which point step S20 may be skipped.
As shown in fig. 5, in the first embodiment, the shielding device is a heat chamber, the heat chamber includes a heat chamber main body 31 and a first shielding ring 32 embedded in an opening of the heat chamber main body 31, and a radial dimension of an inner hole of the first shielding ring 32 is larger than a radial dimension of the cylindrical housing 10 by a difference of 1mm to 10 mm.
In the present embodiment, step S30 includes: the irradiation device is controlled to act by remotely operating the lifting device, the irradiation device is moved to the upper part of the hot chamber main body 31, the activated section 11 of the cylindrical shell 10 is put into the hot chamber main body 31 from the inner hole of the first shielding ring 32, and the safety section 12 of the cylindrical shell 10 is at least partially exposed out of the hot chamber main body 31.
Wherein, since the opening of the hot chamber main body 31 is much larger than the radial dimension of the cylindrical shell 10, embedding the first shielding ring 32 in the opening of the hot chamber main body 31 can effectively shield the activated section 11. In order to secure the shielding effect and facilitate the insertion of the cylindrical housing 10, the difference between the radial dimension of the inner hole of the first shielding ring 32 and the radial dimension of the cylindrical housing 10 is set to be 1mm to 10 mm. Of course, the specific form of the shielding device is not limited thereto, and in other embodiments, if the reactor building does not have a hot cell, other shielding devices may be required to place the remaining irradiation devices.
Next, step S40: the position of the safety section 12 exposed to the heat chamber body 31 and close to the opening of the heat chamber body 31 is fixed. In the present embodiment, in order to prevent the cylindrical housing 10 remaining after cutting from sliding into the shielding device, step S40 includes: the safety section is clamped in place outside the hot box body 31 by adjustable clamping means to achieve securement. A clamping device as described in step S22 may be used and will not be described herein. Of course, the safety section of the irradiation device may also be directly fixed by a lifting device or a manipulator with sufficient bearing capacity without providing a clamping device. In addition, the position of the safety section 12 of the irradiation device exposed to the hot chamber main body 31 and close to the opening of the hot chamber main body 31 is not limited to be fixed, and in other embodiments, the part of the irradiation device located in the hot chamber main body 31 may be fixed as long as the fixing position is below the cutting position
Step S50: the portion of the safety section 12 located above the irradiation device fixing position and exposed to the hot chamber body 31 is cut off. In step S50, a portion located above the irradiation device fixing position and outside the hot box main body 31 is cut by the cutting tool. A cutting tool as described in step S23 may be used and will not be described in detail here.
Step S60: the exposed wire 13 is cut off, and the wire 13 remaining after cutting is fixed to the cylindrical case 10. In step S60, the wire 13 may be cut by using hydraulic cutting pliers, so as to facilitate the removal of the cut cylindrical housing 10 and prevent the wire 13 from being too long to affect the subsequent operation. In order to prevent the cut wire 13 from sliding into the remaining part of the tubular housing 10 of the irradiation device, the wire 13 may be fixed by a wire-clamping structure capable of holding a small object, so as to fix the wire 13 remaining after cutting on the tubular housing 10. Of course, other cutting tools and clamping devices may be used to cut and secure the wire 13.
Step S70: and connecting the hoisting equipment with the rest irradiation devices.
Step S80: and releasing the fixation of the irradiation device.
Step S90: the remaining irradiation devices are completely placed into the hot cell body 31.
At this point, the disassembly of the irradiation device is completed.
As shown in fig. 7, in the disassembling method of the irradiation equipment according to the second embodiment, the shielding device is a shielding container, such as a lead container. The shield container includes a container body 41, a second shield ring 42 detachably fitted into an opening of the container body 41, and a lid body 43 which can be sealingly closed on the container body 41. The radial dimension of the inner bore of the second shield ring 42 is greater than the radial dimension of the tubular housing 10 by a difference in the range of 1mm to 10 mm. The cover body 43 may be fitted into the opening of the container body 41 in place of the second shield ring 42. The container body 41 has an outlet at the bottom thereof, which can be selectively opened or closed.
In the present embodiment, step S30 includes: the irradiation device is controlled to act by remotely operating the lifting device, when the container body 41 is opened, the irradiation device is moved to the upper part of the container body 41, the activated section 11 of the cylindrical shell 10 is put into the container body 41 from the inner hole of the second shielding ring 42, and the safety section 12 of the cylindrical shell 10 is at least partially exposed out of the container body 41.
Wherein the second shielding ring 42 is capable of effectively shielding the activated segment 11. In order to secure the shielding effect and facilitate the insertion of the cylindrical shell 10, the difference between the radial dimension of the inner hole of the second shielding ring 42 and the radial dimension of the cylindrical shell 10 is set to be 1mm to 10 mm.
Step S40: the position of the safety section 12 exposed to the shield container and close to the opening of the shield container is fixed.
Step S50: the part of the safety section 12 which is positioned above the fixed position of the irradiation device and is exposed to the shielding container is cut off.
Step S90: the remaining irradiation units are completely placed in the shielded container.
When the shielding container is used, the shielding container is transported to a hot room, the irradiation apparatus is transferred to the hot room for fine cutting and subsequent experimental analysis of the irradiation, and the container body 41 is sealed in order to reduce the radioactivity level of the irradiation apparatus. In this embodiment, the method further includes the following steps:
in step S100, the second shield ring 42 is removed, and the lid 43 is fitted into the opening of the container body 41 to seal the opening.
Step S200: the shield container and the irradiation device are transported to the upper side of the hot room, the outlet of the container body 41 is opened, and the irradiation device is sent into the hot room through the outlet and the opening of the hot room in this order.
In this embodiment, the cover 43 is fitted into the opening of the container body 41 instead of the second shield ring 42, so that the cover 43 and the container body 41 are joined more tightly to ensure sealing performance. Of course, in other embodiments, the cover may be placed directly over the second shield ring to seal the container body. In addition, the manner of transferring the irradiation device from the shielding container to the hot chamber in step S200 is not limited thereto, and in other embodiments, the transfer may be performed in other manners. Other steps of the method for disassembling the irradiation device in the second embodiment are the same as those in the first embodiment, and are not described herein again.
According to the embodiment, the shielding or placement is directly carried out by using the hot chamber or the shielding container with proper shielding capability, so that the shielding body stacking mode in the prior art is replaced, the time of exposing the activated section of the irradiation device in an unnecessary place can be shortened, and the irradiated dose of workers is effectively ensured to be within a reasonable supervision range.
The technical scheme of the invention can be applied to a long cylindrical vertical irradiation device in a pool type research reactor, wherein the irradiation object of the irradiation device is positioned at the bottom of a cylindrical shell 10, and the top of the cylindrical shell 10 is exposed out of a reactor pool so as to be better fixed.
The following description will be made with reference to specific dimensions by taking a pool-type study on a case where the depth of a reactor pool is about 7m and a reactor building does not have a hot chamber as an example:
the depth of the water tank of the reactor is about 7m in the tank type research, and the diameter of the reserved irradiation position of the reactor core is about 70 mm. The irradiation device is arranged in the reactor in a mode of being vertical to the reactor core, the length of the irradiation device is about 8m, and the outer diameter of the irradiation device is 69mm (slightly smaller than the size of the reserved irradiation position). The irradiation device comprises a cylindrical shell 10, the section of the cylindrical shell 10 corresponding to the irradiation object forms an activated section 11, the cylindrical shell has strong radioactivity and the length of the activated section 11 is 500mm, and the section of the cylindrical shell 10 above the activated section 11 forms a safety section 12. The irradiation device further comprises a wire 13 arranged in the cylindrical shell 10, one end of the wire 13 is connected with an irradiation object, the other end of the wire 13 penetrates out of the top end of the cylindrical shell 10, and the wire 13 comprises a monitoring signal line of the irradiation object, an air pipe and the like.
The disassembly of the irradiation device comprises the following steps:
step S10: and connecting the hoisting equipment with the top of the irradiation device, and hoisting the irradiation device in a vertical state by the hoisting equipment.
Because the whole height of the irradiation device does not meet the operation height requirement of the lifting equipment, the irradiation device needs to be precut. Therefore, step S20 is next performed, including:
step S21: after the irradiation device is lifted for 4m, a part of the safety section of the cylindrical shell 10 (namely, the section from the top of the cylindrical shell 10 to 4 m) is positioned outside the pile;
step S22: clamping the safe section by a caliper at a position outside the pile so as to fix the irradiation device on the top of the pile and prevent the rest irradiation device after cutting from sliding into the pile, wherein the clamping range of the caliper is 30mm to 150mm in diameter;
step S23: cutting the part of the safety section 12, which is positioned above the fixed position of the irradiation device and outside the pile, by a cutter, wherein the cutting size of the cutter is 200mm at most, and chipless cutting can be performed by using the cutter, so that sawdust is prevented from being generated, and the probability of radioactive contamination is reduced;
step S24: the whole height of the cut irradiation device is reduced to 4m, and the requirement of the operation height of the hoisting equipment is met, so that the step S25 is directly carried out;
step S25: cutting off the wire 13 exposed out of the irradiation device by using hydraulic cutting pliers, wherein the maximum cutting size of the hydraulic cutting pliers is 36 mm; fixing the wire 13 by using a wire clamping structure capable of holding small objects, so as to fix the wire 13 remained after cutting on the cylindrical shell 10 and prevent the wire 13 from sliding to the bottom of the cylindrical shell 10;
step S26: connecting the hoisting equipment with the top of the irradiation device after pre-cutting;
step S27: and (5) loosening the calipers and releasing the fixation of the irradiation device.
At this point, the irradiation unit has a residual length of 4m after precutting and the activated segment has a bottom of 500 mm.
In this embodiment, the shielding device is a shielding container. The irradiation device can be activated into a radioactive source in a higher energy state after being irradiated by the reactor according to the experimental requirements of the irradiation device. According to conservative calculation, the activity of the I-type radioactive source is 1014Bq level, in order to effectively shield the irradiation device at the level, the shielding container can be set to be a lead container with the density of 11.34g/cm3 and the thickness of 263mm or so, and the container can effectively reduce the radioactivity level of the irradiation device with the I-type radioactive source level to the level meeting the national restriction on the safe transportation of radioactive substances on roads.
The shield container includes a container body 41, a second shield ring 42 detachably fitted into an opening of the container body 41, and a cover body 43 sealably covering the container body 41. The opening of the container body 41 has a diameter larger than that of the inner cavity thereof, thereby forming a receiving groove at the opening. The diameter of the container body 41 is 600mm, the total height is 1700mm, the diameter of the opening and the accommodating groove is 110mm, the diameter of the inner cavity is 75mm, and the depth from the bottom surface of the accommodating groove to the bottom surface of the inner cavity is 1455mm and a wall thickness of 262.5 mm. The second shield ring 42 is embedded into the accommodating groove, the radial dimension of the inner hole of the second shield ring 42 is larger than that of the cylindrical shell 10, the outer diameter of the second shield ring 42 is 108mm, the inner diameter is 70mm, and the thickness is 170 mm. The lid 43 is a convex plug, the diameter of the smaller part of the convex plug is 74mm, the diameter of the larger part is 109mm, and the thickness of the plug is 262.5 mm. The shielding container is a lead container with the self weight of 4.5t and is designed to shield the radiation intensity of 1014Bq radiation source.
Next, step S30 includes: the irradiation device is controlled to act by remotely operating the lifting device, when the container body 41 is opened, the second shielding ring 42 is inserted into the opening of the container body, the irradiation device is moved to the upper side of the container body 41, the activated section 11 of the cylindrical shell 10 is put into the container body 41 from the inner hole of the second shielding ring 42, the safety section 12 of the cylindrical shell 10 is at least partially exposed out of the container body 41, and the length of the safety section exposed out of the container body is at least 2562.5 mm.
Step S40: the clamp is used to clamp the safety section 12 to a position exposed out of the shielding container and close to the opening for fixing, so as to prevent the irradiation device from sliding down to the bottom of the shielding container.
Step S50: the portion of the safety section 12 located above the irradiation device fixing position and exposed to the shield container is cut off by a cutter.
Step S60: the exposed wire 13 is cut by using a hydraulic cutting pliers, and then the wire 13 remained after cutting is fixed on the cylindrical shell 10 by using a wire clamping structure capable of holding small objects, so as to prevent the wire from sliding into the cylindrical shell 10.
Step S70: and connecting the hoisting equipment with the rest irradiation devices.
Step S80: and releasing the fixation of the irradiation device.
Step S90: the remaining irradiation units are completely placed in the shielded container.
Step S100: the second shield ring 42 is removed, and the lid 43 is fitted into the opening of the container body 41 to seal the opening.
At the end of the work of installing the irradiation device into the shielding container, the irradiation device needs to be transported to a hot room for fine cutting and experimental analysis of irradiation objects, and therefore, the method further comprises the following steps:
the bottom of the container body 41 of the shield container has an outlet which can be selectively opened or closed;
step S200: the shield container and the irradiation device are transported to the upper side of the hot room, the outlet of the container body 41 is opened, and the irradiation device is sent into the hot room through the outlet and the opening of the hot room in this order.
So far, the disintegration work of the pool type research pile long cylindrical vertical irradiation device is completely finished.
The following description will take the total length of the irradiation device as 5m as an example, and with specific dimensions:
the irradiation device is arranged in the reactor in a manner of being vertical to the reactor core, the length of the irradiation device is about 5m, and the outer diameter of the irradiation device is 80 mm. The irradiation device comprises a cylindrical shell 10, the section of the cylindrical shell 10 corresponding to the irradiation object forms an activated section 11, the cylindrical shell has strong radioactivity and the length of the activated section 11 is 1m, and the section of the cylindrical shell 10 above the activated section 11 forms a safety section 12. The irradiation device further comprises a wire 13 arranged in the cylindrical shell 10, one end of the wire 13 is connected with an irradiation object, the other end of the wire 13 penetrates out of the top end of the cylindrical shell 10, and the wire 13 comprises a monitoring signal line of the irradiation object, an air pipe and the like.
The disassembly of the irradiation device comprises the following steps:
step S10: and connecting the hoisting equipment with the top of the irradiation device, and hoisting the irradiation device in a vertical state by the hoisting equipment.
Because the whole height of the irradiation device does not meet the operation height requirement of the lifting equipment, the irradiation device needs to be precut. Therefore, step S20 is next performed, including:
step S21: after the irradiation device is lifted for 2m, a part of the safety section of the cylindrical shell 10 (namely, the section from the top of the cylindrical shell 10 to 2m downwards) is positioned outside the pile;
step S22: clamping the position of the safety section outside the pile through calipers so as to fix the irradiation device on the top of the pile, and preventing the rest irradiation device after cutting from sliding into the pile, wherein the calipers are adjusted to the position capable of clamping the irradiation device with the outer diameter of 80 mm;
step S23: cutting the part of the safety section 12, which is positioned above the fixed position of the irradiation device and outside the stack, by a cutting knife, wherein the cutting knife is a cutting knife with a cutting diameter of 80 mm;
step S24: the whole height of the cut irradiation device is reduced to 3m, and the requirement of the operation height of the hoisting equipment is met, so that the step S25 is directly carried out;
step S25: cutting off the wire 13 exposed out of the irradiation device by using hydraulic cutting pliers, fixing the wire 13 by using a wire clamping structure capable of holding small objects, fixing the wire 13 remained after cutting on the cylindrical shell 10, and preventing the wire 13 from sliding to the bottom of the cylindrical shell 10;
step S26: connecting the hoisting equipment with the top of the irradiation device after pre-cutting;
step S27: and (5) loosening the calipers and releasing the fixation of the irradiation device.
At this time, the irradiation device has a remaining length of 3m after precutting, and the activated section is the bottom 1 m.
If the reactor building is provided with a hot chamber, the shielding device is a hot chamber, the hot chamber comprises a hot chamber main body 31 and a first shielding ring 32 embedded in an opening of the hot chamber main body 31, and the radial dimension of an inner hole of the first shielding ring 32 is larger than that of the cylindrical shell 10. Specifically, the opening of the hot chamber main body 31 has a diameter of 500mm, and the first shield ring 32 has a thickness of about 263mm, an outer diameter of about 499mm, and an inner diameter of about 82mm (slightly larger than 80mm of the outer diameter of the irradiation device).
Next, step S30 includes: the irradiation device is controlled to act by remotely controlling the hoisting equipment, the irradiation device with the residual length of 3m is moved to the position above the hot chamber main body 31, the activated section 11 of the cylindrical shell 10 is placed into the hot chamber main body 31 from the inner hole of the first shielding ring 32, the irradiation device is stopped being hoisted and placed when the cylindrical shell 10 descends for 1.5m, and the safety section 12 of the cylindrical shell 10 is at least partially exposed out of the hot chamber main body 31. At this time, the activated section of 1m is completely placed inside the hot chamber body 31 and shielded by the first shield ring 32.
Step S40: the clamp clamping safety section 12 is located at a position exposed to the hot chamber body 31 and close to the opening to realize fixation, so as to prevent the irradiation device from sliding to the bottom of the hot chamber body 31.
Step S50: the portion of the safety section 12 located above the irradiation device fixing position and exposed to the hot chamber main body 31 is cut off by a cutter.
Step S60: the exposed wire 13 is cut by using a hydraulic cutting pliers, and then the wire 13 remained after cutting is fixed on the cylindrical shell 10 by using a wire clamping structure capable of holding small objects, so as to prevent the wire from sliding into the cylindrical shell 10.
Step S70: and connecting the hoisting equipment with the rest irradiation devices. Specifically, after the cutting is completed, the steel wire rope is installed at the top end of the cylindrical shell 10 of the remaining 1.5m long radiation device, and the cylindrical shell is connected with the hook of the hoisting equipment.
Step S80: and releasing the calipers and releasing the irradiation device.
Step S90: the remaining irradiation devices are completely placed in the hot cell body 31 for fine cutting and subsequent experimental analysis of the irradiation.
And finishing the work of installing the irradiation device into the hot chamber.
If the reactor building does not have a hot cell, a shielded container is required to house the remaining irradiation units. The shield container includes a container body 41, a second shield ring 42 detachably fitted into an opening of the container body 41, and a lid body 43 which can be sealingly closed on the container body 41. The opening of the container body 41 has a diameter larger than that of the inner cavity thereof, thereby forming a receiving groove at the opening. The diameter of the opening of container body 41 and holding tank is 160mm, and the diameter of inner chamber is 85mm, and effective depth (protruding type top stopper fills in the back, the bottom surface of protruding type top stopper to the distance of inner chamber bottom surface) is 1m, and the wall thickness is 263 mm. The second shield ring 42 is inserted into the receiving groove, the radial dimension of the inner hole of the second shield ring 42 is larger than that of the cylindrical housing 10, and the outer diameter of the second shield ring 42 is 159mm, the inner diameter is 82mm, and the thickness is 263 mm. The lid 43 is a male plug with a smaller diameter of 84mm, a larger diameter of 159mm and a plug thickness of 263 mm.
Next, step S30 includes: the irradiation device with the length of 3m is controlled to act by remotely operating the hoisting equipment, when the container body 41 is opened, the second shielding ring 42 is inserted into the opening of the container body, the irradiation device is moved to the upper part of the container body 41, and the activated section 11 of the cylindrical shell 10 is put into the container body 41 from the inner hole of the second shielding ring 42. The irradiation device is first placed against the bottom surface of the inner cavity of the container body 41, and the length of the irradiation device exposed to the second shielding ring 42 is about 1737mm, and the irradiation device needs to be lifted up by about 263mm (a convex plug/second shielding ring 42 thickness). Thereafter, the safety section 12 of the cylindrical housing 10 is at least partially exposed to the container body 41.
Step S40: the clamp is used to clamp the safety section 12 to a position exposed out of the shielding container and close to the opening for fixing, so as to prevent the irradiation device from sliding down to the bottom of the shielding container.
Step S50: the portion of the safety section 12 located above the fixed position of the irradiation device and exposed to the shielding container is cut by a cutter, and the remaining length of the irradiation device after cutting is about 1 m.
Step S60: the exposed wire 13 is cut by using a hydraulic cutting pliers, and then the wire 13 remained after cutting is fixed on the cylindrical shell 10 by using a wire clamping structure capable of holding small objects, so as to prevent the wire from sliding into the cylindrical shell 10.
Step S70: and connecting the hoisting equipment with the rest irradiation devices.
Step S80: and releasing the fixation of the irradiation device.
Step S90: the remaining irradiation units are completely placed in the shielded container.
Step S100: the second shield ring 42 is removed, and the lid 43 is fitted into the opening of the container body 41 to seal the opening.
At the end of the work of installing the irradiation device into the shielding container, the irradiation device needs to be transported to a hot room for fine cutting and experimental analysis of irradiation objects, and therefore, the method further comprises the following steps:
the bottom of the container body 41 of the shield container has an outlet which can be selectively opened or closed;
step S200: the shield container and the irradiation device are transported to the upper side of the hot room, the outlet of the container body 41 is opened, and the irradiation device is sent into the hot room through the outlet and the opening of the hot room in this order.
So far, the disintegration work of the pool type research pile long cylindrical vertical irradiation device is completely finished
Since each pool study stack has irradiation positions with corresponding sizes, the sizes of the shells of the pool study stacks are unified when the irradiation device is designed, and therefore the irradiation device, the calipers, the shielding rings and the shielding containers can be designed according to the unified sizes. The tool set has the characteristics of easy processing and repeated use, the disintegration method has the advantage of a standardized operation flow for a pool type research pile which takes scientific research irradiation as a main task, and a set of special process flow can be formed. Under the standard process operation, the irradiation dose of workers, irradiation objects and the radiation safety of a working site can be under effective safety supervision.
It should also be noted that, in the case of the embodiments of the present invention, features of the embodiments and examples may be combined with each other to obtain a new embodiment without conflict.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and the scope of the present invention is subject to the scope of the claims.
Claims (20)
1. A method for disassembling an irradiation device, the irradiation device comprises a cylindrical shell and irradiation object arranged in the cylindrical shell, the cylindrical shell forms an activated section corresponding to a section of the irradiation object, a section of the cylindrical shell above the activated section forms a safety section,
the disintegration method comprises the following steps:
step S10: hoisting the irradiation device;
step S30: moving the irradiation device to a shielding device, and placing the activated section of the cylindrical shell into the shielding device from an opening of the shielding device, wherein the safety section of the cylindrical shell is at least partially exposed to the shielding device;
step S50: cutting off the part of the safety section exposed to the shielding device;
step S90: and completely placing the rest of the irradiation device into the shielding device.
2. A disintegration method according to claim 1,
in the step S30, a hoisting device is connected to the top of the irradiation device, and the hoisting device controls the irradiation device to operate;
between the step S30 and the step S50, the method further comprises:
step S40: fixing the irradiation device;
the step S50 includes: cutting off the part of the safety section, which is positioned above the irradiation device fixing position and is exposed out of the shielding device;
between the step S50 and the step S90, the method further comprises:
step S70: connecting the hoisting equipment with the rest irradiation devices;
step S80: releasing the irradiation device from the fixation.
3. A disintegration method according to claim 2,
step S40 includes: and fixing the position of the safety section, which is exposed out of the shielding device and close to the opening of the shielding device.
4. A disintegration method according to claim 3,
step S40 includes: and clamping the position of the safety section, which is exposed out of the shielding device and close to the opening of the shielding device, by an adjustable and loose clamping device to realize fixation.
5. A disintegration method according to claim 1 or 2,
in step S50, the safety section is cut by a cutting tool.
6. The disintegration method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said irradiation apparatus further comprises a wire rod disposed inside said cylindrical housing, one end of said wire rod being connected to said irradiation object, the other end of said wire rod being passed out from a tip end of said cylindrical housing,
between the step S50 and the step S90, the method further comprises:
step S60: and cutting off the exposed wire.
7. A disintegration method according to claim 6,
the step S60 further includes: and fixing the wire rod remained after cutting on the cylindrical shell.
8. A disintegration method according to claim 1, wherein the screening means is a hot chamber comprising a hot chamber body and a first screening ring inserted in an opening of the hot chamber body, the radial dimension of the inner bore of the first screening ring being larger than the radial dimension of the cylindrical shell by a difference in the range of 1mm to 10mm,
the step S30 includes: moving the irradiation device to the upper part of the hot chamber main body, and putting the activated section of the cylindrical shell into the hot chamber main body from the inner hole of the first shielding ring, wherein the safe section of the cylindrical shell is at least partially exposed out of the hot chamber main body.
9. A dismantling method as claimed in claim 1, wherein said shielding device is a shielding container comprising a container body, a second shielding ring detachably fitted into an opening of said container body, and a cover body for sealably covering said container body, a radial dimension of an inner hole of said second shielding ring being larger than a radial dimension of said cylindrical housing by a difference in a range of 1mm to 10mm,
the step S30 includes: when the container body is opened, moving the irradiation device to the position above the container body, and putting the activated section of the cylindrical shell into the container body from the inner hole of the second shielding ring, wherein the safety section of the cylindrical shell is at least partially exposed out of the container body;
the step S90 is followed by:
step S100: and covering the cover body on the container main body for sealing.
10. A dismantling method as claimed in claim 9, wherein said cover body can be fitted into an opening of said container body in place of said second shield ring,
the step S100 includes: and removing the second shielding ring, and embedding the cover body into the opening of the container body for sealing.
11. A disintegration method according to claim 9 or 10, wherein the container body has an outlet in its bottom, said outlet being selectively openable or closable,
the step S100 is followed by:
step S200: transporting the shielding container and the irradiation device to the upper part of a hot chamber, opening the outlet of the container main body, and feeding the irradiation device into the hot chamber through the outlet and the opening of the hot chamber in sequence.
12. The disassembling method according to claim 1, wherein between the step S10 and the step S30 further comprising:
step S20: pre-cutting the safety section of the cylindrical shell outside the pile, wherein the activated section of the cylindrical shell is always positioned in the pile when the pre-cutting is carried out, and part of the safety section is reserved after the pre-cutting is finished.
13. A disintegration method according to claim 12,
in step S10, a hoisting device is connected to the top of the irradiation device, and the irradiation device is hoisted by the hoisting device;
the step S20 includes:
step S21: positioning a portion of the safety section of the tubular housing outside of a stack;
step S22: fixing the irradiation device;
step S23: cutting off the part of the safety section, which is positioned above the irradiation device fixing position and outside the pile;
step S26: connecting the hoisting equipment with the irradiation device after pre-cutting;
step S27: releasing the irradiation device from the fixation.
14. A disintegration method according to claim 13,
the step S23 is followed by:
step S24: and if the integral height of the irradiation device after being cut meets the operating height requirement of the lifting equipment, completing pre-cutting, and if the integral height of the irradiation device after being cut does not meet the operating height requirement of the lifting equipment, repeating the steps S21 to S23 until the integral height meets the requirement.
15. A disintegration method according to claim 13,
step S22 includes: and fixing the position of the safety section outside the pile.
16. A disintegration method according to claim 15,
step S22 includes: the position of the safety section outside the pile is clamped through a clamping device with adjustable tightness so as to realize fixation.
17. A disintegration method according to claim 13,
in step S23, the safety section is cut by a cutting tool.
18. The disintegration method according to claim 13, wherein said irradiation apparatus further comprises a wire rod disposed in said cylindrical housing, one end of said wire rod being connected to said irradiation object, the other end of said wire rod being passed out from a tip end of said cylindrical housing,
the step S23 is followed by:
step S25: and cutting off the exposed wire.
19. A disintegration method according to claim 18,
the step S25 further includes: and fixing the wire rod remained after cutting on the cylindrical shell.
20. A disintegration method according to claim 1,
in step S30, the irradiation device is controlled to operate by remotely operating the lifting device.
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| EP3473298B1 (en) * | 2016-11-14 | 2020-11-04 | Neuboron Medtech Ltd. | Medical image-based radiation shielding device and method |
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| US4299658A (en) * | 1979-06-29 | 1981-11-10 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Radiation shield ring assembly and method of disassembling components of a nuclear steam generator using such assembly |
| US5297182A (en) * | 1991-10-29 | 1994-03-22 | M-K Ferguson Company | Method of decommissioning a nuclear reactor |
| CN108447580A (en) * | 2017-09-19 | 2018-08-24 | 中国核动力研究设计院 | A kind of high radioactivity tubulose irradiation devices processing system and its processing method |
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