CN111816329A - Device and method for preparing mixed frozen projectile - Google Patents
Device and method for preparing mixed frozen projectile Download PDFInfo
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- CN111816329A CN111816329A CN202010713772.5A CN202010713772A CN111816329A CN 111816329 A CN111816329 A CN 111816329A CN 202010713772 A CN202010713772 A CN 202010713772A CN 111816329 A CN111816329 A CN 111816329A
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- gun barrel
- freezing
- frozen
- gas
- vacuum air
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 4
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 30
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 5
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-OUBTZVSYSA-N Deuterium Chemical compound [2H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-OUBTZVSYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052805 deuterium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052754 neon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N neon atom Chemical compound [Ne] GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013467 fragmentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006062 fragmentation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21B—FUSION REACTORS
- G21B1/00—Thermonuclear fusion reactors
- G21B1/05—Thermonuclear fusion reactors with magnetic or electric plasma confinement
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21B—FUSION REACTORS
- G21B1/00—Thermonuclear fusion reactors
- G21B1/11—Details
- G21B1/15—Particle injectors for producing thermonuclear fusion reactions, e.g. pellet injectors
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/10—Nuclear fusion reactors
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Plasma Technology (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of controlled nuclear fusion plasma density, and particularly relates to a device for preparing mixed frozen shots and a preparation method thereof, wherein the device comprises a gun barrel, a freezing device, a quick valve, an exhaust pipe and a heating wire; the freezing device is sleeved on a fixing ring in the middle of the outer wall of the gun barrel, the plurality of heating wires are sleeved on the outer wall of the gun barrel in a ring manner, and the plurality of heating wires sleeved on the gun barrel in a ring manner are symmetrically arranged by taking the freezing device as a central position; the outer wall of the freezing device is also provided with a heating wire; the quick valve is connected with a port at one end of the gun barrel through an exhaust pipe. The mixed frozen projectile prepared by the device can relieve plasma breakage in a fusion reactor, the preparation method adopts an in-situ condensation principle, and the mixed frozen projectile is injected to realize deeper particle deposition, so that the technical effects of higher plasma density and larger energy radiation are realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of controlled nuclear fusion plasma density research, and particularly relates to a device for preparing a mixed frozen projectile and a preparation method thereof.
Background
In order to ensure that the fusion device can be stably confined for a long time as possible in the future, various instability factors need to be overcome, so that researches on confinement and transport of plasma, MHD stability, operation limit and rupture, energy and particle control and the like become the key directions of the existing Tokamak plasma researches; it has now been found that plasma fragmentation instability is a rapidly growing instability factor; after the plasma is broken, the generated thermal load may cause the device components to melt or evaporate; the generated corona current can generate large electromagnetic force, which brings great harm to the device; the energy of the escaping electrons generated can reach dozens or even hundreds of megaelectron volts (1eV is 11600K), once formed, the high-energy escaping electrons are separated from the background thermal plasma in velocity space, and the high-energy escaping electrons bombard the first wall or device parts to cause serious damage to the wall.
The degree of harm is increased along with the increase of the size of the device, so that the effective escape suppression means is designed and researched as one of the key points of the current Tokamak plasma physical research, and is also one of the physical foundations of the engineering design, safe operation and safety protection of the next generation of large magnetic confinement devices and the problems which need to be solved.
In view of the above problems, it has been found that if a large amount of high-Z impurity gas, where Z is an atomic number, is injected before plasma is broken, energy is radiated by the high-Z impurity gas, so that damage caused by plasma breakage can be reduced.
Therefore, it is necessary to design a device and a method for injecting a large amount of high-Z impurity gas before plasma rupture, so as to effectively increase the plasma density, reduce the thermal load of the first wall of the fusion device, suppress the escaping electrons, and reduce the escaping current.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to design a device for preparing a mixed frozen pellet and a preparation method thereof, which realize higher energy radiation by injecting the mixed frozen pellet and utilizing high-Z impurity deep injection, realize the improvement of plasma density and solve the technical problem of fusion or evaporation damage and the like of fusion reactor device parts caused by the unstable factor of easy breakage of plasma.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a device for preparing mixed frozen pellets comprises a gun barrel, a freezing device, a quick valve, an exhaust pipe and a heating wire; the freezing device is sleeved on a fixing ring in the middle of the outer wall of the gun barrel, the heating wires are sleeved on the outer wall of the gun barrel in an annular mode, and the heating wires sleeved on the gun barrel in the annular mode are symmetrically arranged with the freezing device as a center; the outer wall of the freezing device is also provided with a heating wire; the quick valve is connected with a port at one end of the gun barrel through an exhaust pipe.
And the power of the heating wire is adjusted according to the temperature value of the gas three-phase point so as to output the heating temperature suitable for preparing the mixed frozen projectile.
The gun barrel is integrally of a hollow cylindrical structure, and vacuum air exhaust devices are further mounted at two ends of the gun barrel.
The freezing device also comprises a cryogenic refrigerator and a freezing area, wherein the refrigerating temperature range of the cryogenic refrigerator is 3-4 ℃ below the triple point of the low Z feed gas.
The vacuum air exhaust device comprises two vacuum air exhaust ports, and the two vacuum air exhaust ports are respectively and symmetrically arranged at the ports at the two ends of the gun barrel.
A method of making an apparatus for preparing a blended frozen pellet as described in any one of the above, comprising the steps of:
the first step is as follows: firstly, starting vacuum air exhaust devices at two ends of a gun tube, performing vacuum air exhaust, and closing the vacuum air exhaust devices after ensuring that no other gas exists in the gun tube; starting a low-temperature refrigerating device of the freezing device, reducing the temperature of a freezing area of the freezing device in the inner surface of the gun barrel to be 3-4 ℃ below the triple point of the low-Z charging gas, and meanwhile, slowly feeding the low-Z charging gas according to the gas quantity required by calculation, wherein a low-Z charging ice layer is frozen on the inner surface of the gun barrel;
the second step is that: then starting vacuum air-extracting devices at two ends of the gun tube, extracting low-Z charging gas in the gun tube, and closing the vacuum air-extracting devices; after being pumped out, high Z impurity gas is slowly fed into the gun barrel until the freezing area of the freezing device in the inner surface of the gun barrel is filled with the high Z impurity gas by freezing adsorption;
the third step: starting the vacuum air-extracting devices at the two ends of the gun tube again to extract high-Z gas in the gun tube, and simultaneously starting the heating wires to properly heat the freezing area of the freezing device; the fast valve is opened and the now mixed frozen projectile is launched at high speed.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the device achieves the effect of relieving plasma breakage in a fusion reactor through the mixed frozen projectile at the manufacturing part, the preparation method adopts the in-situ condensation principle, the mixed frozen projectile is injected into the fusion reactor, deeper particle deposition can be realized, and the technical effects of higher plasma density and larger energy radiation are realized; so as to reduce the thermal load of the first wall during plasma cracking; the escaping current during the plasma breaking period can be reduced, and the generation of escaping electrons can be inhibited.
The reason why the design of the invention is beneficial to the high-speed launching of the mixed projectile is that the maximum tensile strength of the high-Z impurities and the maximum tensile strength of the low-Z impurities below the triple point are different, as shown in the embodiment, the maximum tensile strength of deuterium and hydrogen is respectively 2.5bar and 4.4bar, and the maximum tensile strength of argon, neon and the like is 11.4bar and 7.5bar, so that the projectile can be peeled from the inner wall of the gun barrel by high-pressure gas with smaller pressure, and the projectile is accelerated, and if high-pressure gas with higher pressure is adopted, the mixed projectile can be accelerated more.
In addition, deuterium or hydrogen in the mixed shot prepared by the method can further realize higher plasma density; argon or neon in the mixed projectile can be increased and energy radiated to combine two points so as to reduce the thermal load of the first wall during plasma rupture, reduce the escaping current during plasma rupture, inhibit the generation of escaping electrons and the like.
The device has simple preparation structure and can prepare the mixed frozen projectiles with various sizes. The blended frozen pellet injection achieves deeper particle deposition than the high Z gas injection relative to the high Z gas injection.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for preparing a hybrid frozen pellet according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a partial schematic view of a high Z contaminant gas frozen to adsorb and fill the inside surface of a barrel during the preparation of a hybrid frozen pellet according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of a blended frozen pellet as it is being prepared and launched at a high rate in an embodiment of the invention;
wherein: 1-gun tube, 2-freezing device, 3-heating wire, 4-low Z ice layer, 5-high Z ice layer, 6-freezing area, 7-quick valve and 8-vacuum pumping hole
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the following figures and examples:
a device for preparing mixed frozen pellets comprises a gun barrel 1, a freezing device 2, a quick valve 7, an exhaust pipe and a heating wire 3; the freezing device 2 is sleeved on a fixing ring in the middle of the outer wall of the gun barrel 1, the heating wires 3 are sleeved on the outer wall of the gun barrel 1 in an annular mode, and the heating wires 3 sleeved on the gun barrel 1 in the annular mode are symmetrically arranged with the freezing device 2 as the center; the outer wall of the freezing device 2 is also provided with a heating wire 3; the quick valve 7 is connected with a port at one end of the gun barrel 1 through an exhaust pipe.
The heating wire 3 is subjected to power regulation according to the temperature value of the gas three-phase point so as to output the heating temperature suitable for preparing the mixed frozen projectile.
The gun barrel 1 is integrally of a hollow cylindrical structure, and vacuum air exhaust devices are further mounted at two ends of the gun barrel 1.
The freezing apparatus 2 further comprises a cryogenic refrigerator having a refrigeration temperature in the range of 3-4 ℃ below the triple point of the low Z feed gas and a freezing zone 6.
The vacuum air pumping device comprises two vacuum pumping holes 8, and the two vacuum pumping holes 8 are respectively and symmetrically arranged at the two ends of the gun barrel 1.
High Z refers to elements with higher atomic numbers; conversely, low Z refers to elements having a lower atomic number, and Z refers to atomic numbers.
A method of making an apparatus for preparing a blended frozen pellet as described in any one of the above, comprising the steps of:
the first step is as follows: firstly, starting vacuum air exhaust devices at two ends of a gun barrel 1, performing vacuum air exhaust, exhausting air through vacuum air exhaust ports 8 arranged at the end openings at the two ends of the gun barrel 1, and closing the vacuum air exhaust devices after ensuring that no other gas exists in the gun barrel; starting a low-temperature refrigerating device of the freezing device 2, reducing the temperature of a freezing area of the freezing device 2 in the inner surface of the gun barrel 1 to 3-4 ℃ below the triple point of the low-Z charging gas, and meanwhile, slowly feeding the low-Z charging gas according to the gas quantity required by calculation, wherein a layer of low-Z charging ice layer is frozen on the inner surface of the gun barrel 1;
the second step is that: then starting vacuum air-extracting devices at two ends of the gun tube 1, extracting low-Z charging gas in the gun tube, and closing the vacuum air-extracting devices; after being pumped out, high Z impurity gas is slowly fed into the gun barrel until the freezing area of the freezing device 2 in the inner surface of the gun barrel 1 is filled with the high Z impurity gas by freezing adsorption;
the third step: starting the vacuum air-extracting devices at the two ends of the gun tube 1 again to extract high-Z gas in the gun tube, and simultaneously starting the heating wire 3 to properly heat the freezing area of the freezing device 2; the barrel is opened and the mixed frozen pellets are launched at high velocity.
The mixed frozen projectile prepared by the invention mainly comprises two layers, wherein the outer surface is a low-Z impurity ice layer made of low-Z substances (such as deuterium, hydrogen and the like); the interior is a high Z impurity icicle, and the material is high Z impurity substance (such as argon, neon and the like);
the low Z feed gas is deuterium, hydrogen, etc. in this embodiment, and the high Z impurity gas is argon, neon, etc. in this embodiment.
The present invention has been described in detail with reference to the drawings and examples, but the present invention is not limited to the examples, and various changes can be made within the knowledge of those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention. The prior art can be adopted in the content which is not described in detail in the invention.
Claims (6)
1. The device for preparing the mixed frozen projectile is characterized by comprising a gun barrel (1), a freezing device (2), a quick valve (7), an exhaust pipe and a heating wire (3); the freezing device (2) is sleeved on a fixing ring in the middle of the outer wall of the gun barrel (1), the heating wires (3) are sleeved on the outer wall of the gun barrel (1) in an annular mode, and the heating wires (3) sleeved on the gun barrel (1) in an annular mode are symmetrically arranged with the freezing device (2) as the center; the outer wall of the freezing device (2) is also provided with a heating wire (3); the quick valve (7) is connected with the port at one end of the gun barrel (1) through an exhaust pipe.
2. An apparatus for preparing hybrid frozen projectiles as claimed in claim 1 wherein said heating wire (3) is power regulated in response to the temperature values of the gas triple point to output a heating temperature suitable for preparing hybrid frozen projectiles.
3. A device for preparing mixed frozen pellets as claimed in claim 1, wherein the barrel (1) is of hollow cylindrical configuration as a whole, and the barrel (1) is further provided with vacuum suction means at both ends.
4. An apparatus for preparing hybrid frozen pellets as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the freezing device (2) further comprises a cryogenic refrigerator and a freezing area (6), wherein the refrigeration temperature range of the cryogenic refrigerator is 3-4 ℃ below the triple point of the low Z feed gas.
5. An apparatus for preparing hybrid frozen pellets as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the vacuum air extraction device comprises two vacuum air extraction ports (8), and the two vacuum air extraction ports (8) are respectively and symmetrically arranged at the ports at the two ends of the gun barrel (1).
6. A method of manufacturing a device for preparing a blended frozen pellet as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the steps of:
the first step is as follows: firstly, starting vacuum air exhaust devices at two ends of a gun tube (1) to perform vacuum air exhaust, and closing the vacuum air exhaust devices after ensuring that no other gas exists in the gun tube; starting a low-temperature refrigerating device of the freezing device (2), reducing the temperature of a freezing area of the freezing device (2) in the inner surface of the gun barrel (1) to be 3-4 ℃ below the triple point of the low-Z charging gas, and meanwhile, slowly feeding the low-Z charging gas according to the gas quantity required by calculation, wherein a layer of low-Z charging ice layer is frozen on the inner surface of the gun barrel (1);
the second step is that: then starting vacuum air-extracting devices at two ends of the gun tube (1), extracting low-Z charging gas in the gun tube, and closing the vacuum air-extracting devices; after being pumped out, high Z impurity gas is slowly fed into the gun barrel until the freezing area of the freezing device (2) in the inner surface of the gun barrel (1) is filled with the high Z impurity gas by freezing adsorption;
the third step: starting the vacuum air-extracting devices at the two ends of the gun tube (1) again to extract high-Z gas in the gun tube, and simultaneously starting the heating wire (3) to properly heat the freezing area of the freezing device (2); the fast valve (7) is opened and the mixed frozen projectile is launched at high speed.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010713772.5A CN111816329A (en) | 2020-07-23 | 2020-07-23 | Device and method for preparing mixed frozen projectile |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010713772.5A CN111816329A (en) | 2020-07-23 | 2020-07-23 | Device and method for preparing mixed frozen projectile |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN111816329A true CN111816329A (en) | 2020-10-23 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010713772.5A Pending CN111816329A (en) | 2020-07-23 | 2020-07-23 | Device and method for preparing mixed frozen projectile |
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| CN (1) | CN111816329A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112530606A (en) * | 2020-11-11 | 2021-03-19 | 核工业西南物理研究院 | Automatic impurity gas accelerated mixing system and gas accelerated mixing control method |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DK427386D0 (en) * | 1986-09-08 | 1986-09-08 | Risoe Forsoegsanlaeg | PROCEDURE FOR INJECTION OF FUEL PILLOWS IN A MERGER PLASMA |
| DE4333693A1 (en) * | 1993-10-02 | 1995-04-06 | Eisenwerk Bassum Mbh | Device for de-icing components consisting of any materials and being of any shape, particularly suitable for aerial-cladding structures |
| SU1611139A1 (en) * | 1989-04-03 | 1997-05-27 | Ленинградский Политехнический Институт Им.М.И.Калинина | Light-gas injector of fuel particles for thermonuclear devices |
| CN202126848U (en) * | 2011-05-31 | 2012-01-25 | 核工业西南物理研究院 | Solid-state charging pill preparing device |
| CN202189561U (en) * | 2011-07-29 | 2012-04-11 | 核工业西南物理研究院 | Pipeline for injecting bullets at high-field side |
| CN103903653A (en) * | 2012-12-24 | 2014-07-02 | 核工业西南物理研究院 | Piston-type extruding pill preparation device |
| CN212516577U (en) * | 2020-07-23 | 2021-02-09 | 核工业西南物理研究院 | Device for preparing mixed frozen projectile |
-
2020
- 2020-07-23 CN CN202010713772.5A patent/CN111816329A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DK427386D0 (en) * | 1986-09-08 | 1986-09-08 | Risoe Forsoegsanlaeg | PROCEDURE FOR INJECTION OF FUEL PILLOWS IN A MERGER PLASMA |
| SU1611139A1 (en) * | 1989-04-03 | 1997-05-27 | Ленинградский Политехнический Институт Им.М.И.Калинина | Light-gas injector of fuel particles for thermonuclear devices |
| DE4333693A1 (en) * | 1993-10-02 | 1995-04-06 | Eisenwerk Bassum Mbh | Device for de-icing components consisting of any materials and being of any shape, particularly suitable for aerial-cladding structures |
| CN202126848U (en) * | 2011-05-31 | 2012-01-25 | 核工业西南物理研究院 | Solid-state charging pill preparing device |
| CN202189561U (en) * | 2011-07-29 | 2012-04-11 | 核工业西南物理研究院 | Pipeline for injecting bullets at high-field side |
| CN103903653A (en) * | 2012-12-24 | 2014-07-02 | 核工业西南物理研究院 | Piston-type extruding pill preparation device |
| CN212516577U (en) * | 2020-07-23 | 2021-02-09 | 核工业西南物理研究院 | Device for preparing mixed frozen projectile |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112530606A (en) * | 2020-11-11 | 2021-03-19 | 核工业西南物理研究院 | Automatic impurity gas accelerated mixing system and gas accelerated mixing control method |
| CN112530606B (en) * | 2020-11-11 | 2022-07-26 | 核工业西南物理研究院 | Automatic impurity gas accelerated mixing system and gas accelerated mixing control method |
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