CN111815329A - Method for realizing high-performance block chain network based on cross-chain technology - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for realizing a high-performance block chain network based on a cross-chain technology, which comprises the following steps: s1 assumes that the transaction being performed on chain B wants to know about a particular event occurring on chain a, or that a particular object in the state of chain a contains certain values at a particular time, assuming that the design of chain a is similar to bitcoin or ether house, because it has the notion of "chunk" and "chunk header", where "chunk header" is the complete information data "representing" this chunk, we can verify the transaction sent on the other chain by some means of cryptographic authentication, such as using the Merkle tree. The invention optimizes the algorithm of the bottom node to reach consensus, converts a single-chain architecture into a multi-chain architecture, enables the transmission and processing of transactions between chains in an inter-chain communication mode, and designs and realizes a real block chain to verify the feasibility and the effectiveness of the solution scheme.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of block chains, in particular to a method for realizing a high-performance block chain network based on a cross-chain technology.
Background
Since the birth of 2009, bitcoin has become a social phenomenon topic as an electronic cash, which has opened a way to centralize cryptocurrency, and its underlying technical block chain is continuously researched by people. The etherhouse called blockchain 2.0 is not limited to the field of digital currency, but uses a programmable blockchain as a remarkable characteristic, so that the blockchain becomes a platform for decentralized application development, and brings a profound influence. Zero and menlo coins, well known for anonymity, have also been successful. Over the past decade of birth of bitcoin, thousands of blockchain projects have been developed, some projects from the standpoint of commercialization wish to seek some business scenarios by virtue of the characteristics of blockchains, and some projects from the standpoint of solving the performance problem of blockchains wish to develop blockchains with more reliable performance and greater availability. However, most of the blockchain projects still face a plurality of problems due to the block chain technical architecture limitation, such as block capacity expansibility and scalability, lack of on-chain governance, distributed consensus performance bottleneck, etc.
Currently, in the blockchain field, theoretically, the maximum transaction number that can be processed by bitcoin per second is 7, and the maximum transaction number that can be processed by ether houses per second is 20, while the average of the traditional centralized financial system Paypal is 193 transactions per second, and Visa can process 1667 transactions per second. It can be seen that one of the problems commonly faced by the existing blockchain system is: the number of transactions that can be processed per second is limited, and the transaction efficiency is too low to satisfy large distributed business applications. Therefore, the improvement of the transaction speed of the block chain has very important theoretical significance and practical significance for large-scale land falling of the block chain application.
At present, main flow block chains such as Bizhou and Etheng have different solutions respectively for solving the problem of transaction efficiency. For example, bitcoin and ether house increase the number of transactions that can be processed per second by means of capacity expansion, but have different capacity expansion schemes. The bit currency has been used to improve transaction efficiency by increasing block size, isolating witnesses and lightning networks, and the current schemes studied by etherhouses to improve transaction efficiency mainly include fragmentation, lightning networks, Plasma, and the like. However, the current solutions for improving the efficiency of blockchain transaction have certain limitations and have no obvious effect for a while. Analyzing the causes, there are two main limitations to these solutions: firstly, the selection of the bottom layer consensus algorithm is limited to the POW algorithm based on the probability model; second, these solutions are limited to single-chain architectures and have not evolved towards multiple chains. Thus, even though bitcoin and ether house solutions have an increase in the number of transactions they can handle, there is a theoretical ceiling.
The shortcomings and limitations of the existing solutions:
summarizing the limitations and shortcomings of the existing solutions, there are mainly the following:
(1) for the scheme of improving the transaction efficiency of the bitcoin, a, increasing the size of the block only increases the transaction quantity which can be accommodated by the block, and does not change the consensus algorithm which influences the node to achieve consensus, so the effect is not obvious; b. for the isolation witness scheme, a new DOS attack vulnerability is introduced, for example, if an attacker tries to construct a huge block containing a large number of transactions, such as 1000 transactions, for the attacker, the attacker has witness data of the transactions, but the transactions are not sent to the bitcoin network by the attacker, when other nodes in the network try to verify the block, the nodes must acquire the witness data from the attacker, which causes the verification time of the block to rise sharply and the nodes to be blocked; c. the lightning network, although able to meet the demand for timely micropayments to some extent, is not suitable for large payment and offline transactions, and the security problem is overly dependent on the nodes in the lightning network, if a certain node required in a transaction path fails, the transaction will fail.
(2) For the capacity expansion scheme of the ether house for submitting the transaction efficiency, for example, although the fragmentation technology is theoretically feasible, a plurality of problems which are not solved exist, and the realization is not realized at present.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the technical problems in the background art, the invention provides a method for realizing a high-performance block chain network based on a cross-chain technology.
The invention provides a method for realizing a high-performance block chain network based on a cross-chain technology, which comprises the following steps:
s1 assumes that the transaction performed on chain B wants to know about a specific event occurring on chain a, or that a specific object in the state of chain a contains some value at a specific time, and that chain a is designed like bitcoin or ether house because it has the concept of "chunk" and "chunk header" where "chunk header" is the complete information data "representing" this chunk, we can verify the transaction sent on the other chain by some means of cryptographic authentication, such as using Merkle tree, parse the transaction after receiving it, and make modifications to the corresponding state in the blockchain designed herein;
s2 creates relays on chain B that will receive and verify the chunk headers of chain a using the standard verification procedure of the chain a' S consistency algorithm, which will involve verifying a sufficiently large amount of computation on the chunk headers with the specified ones in the working certified chain, rather than any conflicting chunk headers, and in the traditional byzantine fault-tolerant consistency algorithm it will include verifying 2/3 that the verifier node signature has verified the chunk headers, once the relays have verified the chunk headers to have completed, the relays can verify the status of any desired transaction or account individually by verifying a single branch of the Merkle tree against the chunk headers.
In the process of cross-chain transaction, CA represents a chain A, CB represents a chain B, and 4 types of transaction occur in total, wherein the transaction process is as follows:
s1, a transfer is sent from A in chain A to A in chain B, at this time, the quantity of assets sent from A is locked in chain A, and after the validity of the transaction is verified in chain B, equivalent assets are created for the account corresponding to A in chain B;
s2, sending a transfer to the upper part B of the chain B by the upper part A of the chain B on the chain B, wherein the transfer only needs the exit node running on the chain B to be verified and packaged into a block;
s3 when B on chain B wants to transfer the assets to chain A, chain B needs to lock the assets of B, and chain A carries out a transfer transaction to B of chain B on chain A after verifying the block head of the transaction, and when the transaction is packed into the block by the out-block node, the cross-chain transaction is completed.
In the method for realizing the high-performance block chain network based on the cross-chain technology, an algorithm for achieving consensus by a bottom node is optimized, a single-chain architecture is converted into a multi-chain architecture, transactions can be transmitted and processed between chains in an inter-chain communication mode, and a real block chain is designed and realized to verify the feasibility and the effectiveness of the solution scheme.
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Fig. 1 is a process diagram of a cross-chain transaction of a method for implementing a high-performance blockchain network based on a cross-chain technology according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1, a method for implementing a high performance blockchain network based on a cross-chain technology includes the following steps:
s1 assumes that the transaction performed on chain B wants to know about a specific event occurring on chain a, or that a specific object in the state of chain a contains some value at a specific time, and that chain a is designed like bitcoin or ether house because it has the concept of "chunk" and "chunk header" where "chunk header" is the complete information data "representing" this chunk, we can verify the transaction sent on the other chain by some means of cryptographic authentication, such as using Merkle tree, parse the transaction after receiving it, and make modifications to the corresponding state in the blockchain designed herein;
s2 creates relays on chain B that will receive and verify the chunk headers of chain a using the standard verification procedure of the chain a' S consistency algorithm, which will involve verifying a sufficiently large amount of computation on the chunk headers with the specified ones in the working certified chain, rather than any conflicting chunk headers, and in the traditional byzantine fault-tolerant consistency algorithm it will include verifying 2/3 that the verifier node signature has verified the chunk headers, once the relays have verified the chunk headers to have completed, the relays can verify the status of any desired transaction or account individually by verifying a single branch of the Merkle tree against the chunk headers.
We implement the cross-link protocol using cross-link relays, which is a more "direct" approach to facilitating inter-operability from link to link, rather than relying on a trusted intermediary of a third party to provide information about one link to another, the links themselves effectively assuming the task of propagating and validating cross-link transactions;
the way of using light client authentication is ideal for the relay, since the resources of the blockchain are basically limited, in fact, for one solution it is not possible to verify chain B completely for chain a and at the same time chain B also verifies chain a completely, for the same simple mathematical reason why two boxes cannot contain each other at the same time: a would need to rerun part B of rerun a, including rerun part a of B, and so on, however, with light client authentication it is fully feasible that a protocol where chain a contains chain B of small parts and chain B contains chain a of small parts pulled as needed, a relay above chain B wants to authenticate a particular transaction on chain a, or state information, just like a traditional light client, would authenticate the branch of chain a's cryptographic hash tree and then verify if the root of the branch is inside the block header, and if both authentications pass, it would accept the transaction or the state information is correct. Because the blockchain is a completely independent environment and has no natural access to the outside world, the bit information of the related chain a needs to be relayed to chain B, however, because the data is cryptographically-strict self-authenticating, there is no need to trust the relay that passes the transaction.
In the process of cross-chain transaction, CA represents a chain A, CB represents a chain B, and 4 types of transaction occur in total, wherein the transaction process is as follows:
s1, a transfer is sent from A in chain A to A in chain B, at this time, the quantity of assets sent from A is locked in chain A, and after the validity of the transaction is verified in chain B, equivalent assets are created for the account corresponding to A in chain B;
s2, sending a transfer to the upper part B of the chain B by the upper part A of the chain B on the chain B, wherein the transfer only needs the exit node running on the chain B to be verified and packaged into a block;
s3 when B on chain B wants to transfer the assets to chain A, chain B needs to lock the assets of B, and chain A carries out a transfer transaction to B of chain B on chain A after verifying the block head of the transaction, and when the transaction is packed into the block by the out-block node, the cross-chain transaction is completed.
The purpose of the cross-chain is to enable one blockchain as a light client for another blockchain, because we use the byzantine fault-tolerant consistency algorithm [26], the light client authentication is simple: all we need to do is to check the signature of the latest out-of-block node and verify the Merkle state proof. In the blockchain designed herein, the out-of-block node agrees to a block before processing. This means that the signature and status root up to that block is not included in the next block. Thus, each chunk contains a field named 'LastCommit' that contains the votes responsible for submitting the previous chunk and a field called "AppHash" in the chunk header, which refers to the application after the Merkle root hash value processes the transaction of the previous chunk. So, if we want to verify ` AppHash ` from height H, we need a signature from the last submission with height H + 1. And this 'AppHash' only contains the results of all transactions, including the H-1 chunk.
Unlike the Proof-of-Work consensus algorithm of bitcoin and ether house, the light client protocol does not need to download and examine all blocks in the blockchain-the light client can always jump directly to use the latest block header as long as the out-of-block node is not changed. If changes are occurring at the out-of-block node, the light client needs to track these changes, in which case the block header for each block needs to be downloaded.
Assuming we have two chains before we need to communicate across the chains and we want to send data from chain a to chain B, all we need to do is: registering information of chain a on chain B, such as chain ID and founder profile configuration information; broadcasting an outgoing data packet destined for chain B on chain A; on chain a, a transaction is broadcast to chain B informing chain B of the latest state of chain a, e.g. block header and newly submitted signature;
an outgoing data packet is sent from chain a to chain B that includes proof that the transaction has been deblocked on chain a. Chain B is able to verify this proof because chain B has the latest block header of chain a.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. A method for realizing a high-performance block chain network based on a cross-chain technology is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1 assumes that the transaction performed on chain B wants to know about a specific event occurring on chain a, or that a specific object in the state of chain a contains some value at a specific time, and that chain a is designed like bitcoin or ether house because it has the concept of "chunk" and "chunk header" where "chunk header" is the complete information data "representing" this chunk, we can verify the transaction sent on the other chain by some means of cryptographic authentication, such as using Merkle tree, parse the transaction after receiving it, and make modifications to the corresponding state in the blockchain designed herein;
s2 creates relays on chain B that will receive and verify the chunk headers of chain a using the standard verification procedure of the chain a' S consistency algorithm, which will involve verifying a sufficiently large amount of computation on the chunk headers with the specified ones in the working certified chain, rather than any conflicting chunk headers, and in the traditional byzantine fault-tolerant consistency algorithm it will include verifying 2/3 that the verifier node signature has verified the chunk headers, once the relays have verified the chunk headers to have completed, the relays can verify the status of any desired transaction or account individually by verifying a single branch of the Merkle tree against the chunk headers.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein during the inter-chain transaction process, CA represents chain a and CB represents chain B, and a total of 4 types of transactions occur, and the transaction process is as follows:
s1, a transfer is sent from A in chain A to A in chain B, at this time, the quantity of assets sent from A is locked in chain A, and after the validity of the transaction is verified in chain B, equivalent assets are created for the account corresponding to A in chain B;
s2, sending a transfer to the upper part B of the chain B by the upper part A of the chain B on the chain B, wherein the transfer only needs the exit node running on the chain B to be verified and packaged into a block;
s3 when B on chain B wants to transfer the assets to chain A, chain B needs to lock the assets of B, and chain A carries out a transfer transaction to B of chain B on chain A after verifying the block head of the transaction, and when the transaction is packed into the block by the out-block node, the cross-chain transaction is completed.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113179272A (en) * | 2021-04-28 | 2021-07-27 | 杭州丽冠科技有限公司 | Intelligent contract-based block chain cross-chain interaction method and device and computer-readable storage medium |
| CN116861390A (en) * | 2023-08-09 | 2023-10-10 | 之江实验室 | Cross-block chain batch transaction authentication method and device based on aggregated signature |
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- 2020-07-25 CN CN202010726510.2A patent/CN111815329A/en active Pending
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113179272A (en) * | 2021-04-28 | 2021-07-27 | 杭州丽冠科技有限公司 | Intelligent contract-based block chain cross-chain interaction method and device and computer-readable storage medium |
| CN116861390A (en) * | 2023-08-09 | 2023-10-10 | 之江实验室 | Cross-block chain batch transaction authentication method and device based on aggregated signature |
| CN116861390B (en) * | 2023-08-09 | 2024-03-22 | 之江实验室 | Cross-block chain batch transaction authentication method and device based on aggregated signature |
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