CN111815149A - Comprehensive evaluation method of flue-cured tobacco grade quality evaluation index system - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a comprehensive evaluation method of a flue-cured tobacco grade quality evaluation index system, which comprises the following steps: constructing a comprehensive evaluation model of 4 large criterion layers, 13 large index layers and 39 large scheme layers; building a judgment matrix by multiple persons based on 1-9 scales through an AHP (analytic hierarchy process), and synthesizing the judgment matrix of the multiple persons by adopting a proper method so as to perform weight assignment on the comprehensive evaluation model; and determining a suitable comment set of each index according to the collected actual data, and carrying out normalization of evaluation to finally realize comprehensive evaluation of the grade quality of the flue-cured tobacco. Has the advantages that: the method is beneficial to improving the current situation that the quality of the tobacco grade in the production area is evaluated by subjective impression at present, providing quantitative and modularized numerical evaluation for the quality of the tobacco in different areas, and providing theoretical basis for further improving the quality of the tobacco grade in the production area and improving the production, management and quality control level of the flue-cured tobacco.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of comprehensive evaluation of tobacco grade quality, in particular to a comprehensive evaluation method of a flue-cured tobacco grade quality evaluation index system.
Background
As a world large country for tobacco consumption and production, China shifts from a supplier market to a demander market along with the supply and demand relationship of a tobacco leaf market in recent years, each tobacco leaf producing area faces further improvement of tobacco leaf quality, and tobacco leaf production enters a new normal state of stable scale control, quality improvement and efficiency improvement.
The grade quality level is influenced or determined by multiple factors such as flue-cured tobacco production, customer requirements, flue-cured tobacco quality and standard execution conditions, the flue-cured tobacco grade quality is different from the flue-cured tobacco quality in definition, but the flue-cured tobacco grade quality can be the flue-cured tobacco quality by combining the actual flue-cured tobacco production and purchase and the raw material requirement of a cigarette industry enterprise at the present stage. Under ideal conditions, the flue-cured tobacco grade quality can be called as good flue-cured tobacco grade quality only if the flue-cured tobacco grade quality meets the standard requirements, the customer requirements and the requirements and expectations of the relevant parties. Currently, the evaluation of the grade quality of tobacco leaves mainly depends on the inspection results of the qualification rate and purity of the flue-cured tobacco purchasing and industrial and commercial handover grade, the evaluation of the grade quality is not comprehensive and objective from the perspective of only conforming to the national standard of the flue-cured tobacco in appearance, and sometimes the inspection results have certain differences from the production level and the industrial requirements. In addition, the comprehensive judgment of the tobacco grade quality condition of a production area is needed for flue-cured tobacco production, operation and management, and the quality of the tobacco in a certain area is evaluated by subjective impression in a certain degree in reality, so that the comprehensiveness, objectivity and fairness are lacked; meanwhile, a tobacco quality supervision department and an industrial client form a thinking fixed type and inertia on the quality impression of the tobacco grade in a production area, and the subjective impression is inevitably brought into the inspection and feedback for evaluation, so that adverse effects are brought to the quality management and control of the tobacco grade.
Therefore, a comprehensive, objective and scientific comprehensive evaluation method for the tobacco leaf grade quality is urgently needed in the tobacco industry.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the related technology, the invention provides a comprehensive evaluation method of a flue-cured tobacco grade quality evaluation index system aiming at the actual conditions that the current flue-cured tobacco grade quality is not unified, the measurement index is single, the industrial requirement, the production level and the detection result have certain difference, and the objectivity and comprehensiveness of the inspection conclusion are not strong, and the influence factors such as customer requirement, production level, smoking evaluation and appearance quality are comprehensively considered so as to overcome the technical problems in the prior related technology.
Therefore, the invention adopts the following specific technical scheme:
a comprehensive evaluation method of a flue-cured tobacco grade quality evaluation index system comprises the following steps:
constructing a comprehensive evaluation model of 4 large criterion layers, 13 large index layers and 39 large scheme layers;
constructing multiple judgment matrixes for each level by adopting 1-9 scales through an AHP (analytic hierarchy process), synthesizing the multiple judgment matrixes by using a geometric mean method, and performing weight assignment on the comprehensive evaluation model by using the synthesized judgment matrixes;
and determining a suitable comment set of each index according to the collected actual data, and carrying out normalization of evaluation to finally realize comprehensive evaluation of the grade quality of the flue-cured tobacco.
Further, the 4 large criterion layers comprise a requirement W meeting a customer, a standard degree X, a quality evaluation Y and a production level Z of a production area;
the 13 large index layers include availability W corresponding to the customer demand W criteria layer direction1Quantity W2Cost W3(ii) a Labor-saving commodity inspection X corresponding to standard degree X criterion layer1Provincial and economic procurement inspection X2National Industrial and commercial inspection X3(ii) a Sensory evaluation Y corresponding to quality evaluation Y criterion layer1Appearance quality Y2Chemical component Y3(ii) a Total amount Z corresponding to production level Z criteria layer of producing area1Class structure Z2Plan completion rate Z3And the purchasing average price Z4；
The 39 large scheme layer comprisesAvailability W1Adaptation rate W corresponding to index layer11Variety purity W12Class purity W13Sensory evaluation W14Chemical component W15Odor type style W16(ii) a And quantity W2Contract quantity completion rate W corresponding to index layer21Hierarchical structure satisfaction rate W22(ii) a And cost W3Purchase cost W corresponding to index layer31And a processing cost W32(ii) a And labor-saving commodity inspection X1Grade qualification rate X corresponding to index layer11Class purity X12(ii) a And provincial acquisition inspection X2Grade qualification rate X corresponding to index layer21Class purity X22(ii) a And national Industrial and commercial inspection X3Grade qualification rate X corresponding to index layer31Class purity X32(ii) a Sensory evaluation Y1The fragrance quality, fragrance amount, miscellaneous gas, irritation and aftertaste corresponding to the index layer; and the appearance quality Y2The color, maturity, leaf structure, identity, oil content and chroma corresponding to the index layer; with chemical component Y3Nicotine, total nitrogen, total sugar, potassium, sugar-base ratio, nitrogen-base ratio and potassium-chlorine ratio corresponding to the index layer; and response hierarchy structure Z2First-class smoke proportion Z corresponding to index layer21Lower smoke ratio Z22Site ratio Z23(ii) a And plan completion rate Z3Yield plan completion rate Z corresponding to index layer31Variety plan completion rate Z32。
Further, the method specifically comprises the following steps of constructing multiple judgment matrixes for each level by an AHP (advanced high performance analysis) analytic hierarchy process according to 1-9 scales, synthesizing the multiple judgment matrixes by a geometric mean method, and performing weight assignment on the comprehensive evaluation model by using the synthesized judgment matrixes:
establishing a hierarchical structure: aiming at important factors influencing the grade quality of the tobacco leaves, a preset method is adopted to modularly establish a hierarchical structure;
construction of a multiple judgment matrix: constructing a multiple judgment matrix by a preset method;
calculating relative weight and checking consistency of multiple judgment matrixes: calculating the multiple judgment matrixes by adopting a preset method, and carrying out consistency check on the multiple judgment matrixes by adopting the preset method;
and (3) synthesis of a judgment matrix: obtaining a synthetic judgment matrix through the multiple judgment matrixes by adopting a geometric mean method;
and carrying out weight assignment: and carrying out weight assignment on the comprehensive evaluation model through the synthesis judgment matrix by adopting a preset method.
Further, aiming at important factors influencing the grade quality of the tobacco leaves, the method for establishing the hierarchical structure in a modularized manner by adopting a preset method specifically comprises the following steps: through fully and comprehensively researching the decision system, the structure and the connection among the factors in the system are analyzed, and the problems are reasonably decomposed into structures of different levels according to the sequence of targets, criteria, indexes and specific schemes.
Further, the constructing of the multiple judgment matrix by the preset method specifically includes the following steps: comparing every two indexes in each layer relative to the importance of the evaluation factors of the previous layer, assigning importance degrees, selecting 1-9 scales as fractional scales of a judgment matrix, and constructing a comparison judgment matrix A (a)ij)n×nWherein n is the number of elements, ajiRepresenting the ratio of the importance of the ith element to the jth element, a if the j factor is compared to the i factorji＝1/aij。
Further, the step of calculating the multiple judgment matrixes by using a preset method and the step of performing consistency check on the multiple judgment matrixes by using the preset method specifically comprises the following steps: calculating a consistency index CR value for each judgment matrix, and performing consistency check, wherein CR is CI/RI, and RI is an average random consistency index value,
n is the order of the matrix, λmaxAnd calculating the maximum characteristic root of the matrix by using R software by adopting a square root method.
Further, obtaining a composite judgment matrix through the multiple judgment matrices by using a geometric mean method specifically comprises the following steps: according to the definition of the importance scale and the structural characteristics of the judgment matrix, firstly, consistency check is carried out on a plurality of judgment matrices of the same level, and the judgment matrices are synthesized by solving the geometric mean value of the part of the judgment matrices passing the check.
Further, the step of performing weight assignment on the comprehensive evaluation model through the synthetic judgment matrix by adopting a preset method specifically comprises the following steps:
calculating the weight of the evaluation factor of the criterion layer by adopting an AHP analytic hierarchy process;
and calculating the weights of the evaluation factors of the index layer and the scheme layer by adopting an AHP analytic hierarchy process.
Further, the method comprises the following steps of determining a suitable comment set of each index through the collected actual data, normalizing the evaluation, and finally realizing the comprehensive evaluation of the grade quality of the flue-cured tobacco:
constructing A, B, C three-level comment sets, fuzzifying the A, B, C three-level comment sets based on three-angle distribution, and establishing a membership function:
setting a judgment value of a comment set, and substituting the collected actual data into a membership function of the comment set to obtain the probability that the actual data belong to each level;
and assigning the grade A to be 100, the grade B to be 90 and the grade C to be 80, and multiplying the probability by each grade assignment to obtain the normalized score of the actual data of each factor in the comprehensive evaluation model.
Further, the setting of the comment set judgment value includes the following steps: the maximum value is rounded up and the minimum value is rounded down to be the judgment values of the A level and the C level, and the judgment value of the B level is rounded up by a median value.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: on the basis of the traditional evaluation indexes, the influence of the industrial availability evaluation of the tobacco leaves and the production level of the production area on the grade quality is comprehensively considered, 4 influence factors of 'customer satisfaction', 'flue-cured tobacco standard degree', 'quality evaluation' and 'production level of the production area' in a flue-cured tobacco grade quality evaluation system are discussed and determined, the weight of 13 first-level indexes and 39 second-level index factors is evaluated, the current situation that the grade quality of the tobacco leaves in the production area is evaluated by means of subjective impression is improved, and theoretical basis is provided for further improving the grade quality of the tobacco leaves in the production area and improving the production, operation and quality control levels of the flue-cured tobacco.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a comprehensive evaluation method of a flue-cured tobacco grade quality evaluation index system according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an analytic hierarchy process judgment matrix in a comprehensive evaluation method of a flue-cured tobacco grade quality evaluation index system according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a triangularly distributed fuzzy comment set function in a comprehensive evaluation method of a flue-cured tobacco grade quality evaluation index system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of the design of a hierarchical analysis method evaluation system and the weight determination steps in the comprehensive evaluation method of a flue-cured tobacco grade quality evaluation index system according to the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a comprehensive evaluation system framework of flue-cured tobacco grade quality in the comprehensive evaluation method of flue-cured tobacco grade quality evaluation index system according to the embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
For further explanation of the various embodiments, the drawings which form a part of the disclosure and which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of operation of the embodiments, and to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the various embodiments and advantages of the invention, and, by reference to these figures, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, which are not to scale and wherein like reference numerals generally refer to like elements.
According to the embodiment of the invention, a comprehensive evaluation method of a flue-cured tobacco grade quality evaluation index system is provided, and the comprehensive evaluation method is realized based on an AHP flue-cured tobacco grade quality evaluation system.
The invention will be further explained with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, and as shown in fig. 1 to 5, the comprehensive evaluation method of the flue-cured tobacco grade quality evaluation index system according to the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
step S101: constructing a comprehensive evaluation model of 4 large criterion layers, 13 large index layers and 39 large scheme layers;
the 4-level criterion layer comprises a standard degree X, a quality evaluation Y and a production area production level Z, wherein the standard degree X meets the customer requirement W;
the 13 large index layers include availability W corresponding to the customer demand W criteria layer direction1Quantity W2Cost W3(ii) a Labor-saving commodity inspection X corresponding to standard degree X criterion layer1Provincial and economic procurement inspection X2National Industrial and commercial inspection X3(ii) a Sensory evaluation Y corresponding to quality evaluation Y criterion layer1Appearance quality Y2Chemical component Y3(ii) a Total amount Z corresponding to production level Z criteria layer of producing area1Class structure Z2Plan completion rate Z3And the purchasing average price Z4；
The 39 large schema layer comprises and is available with W1Adaptation rate W corresponding to index layer11Variety purity W12Class purity W13Sensory evaluation W14Chemical component W15Odor type style W16(ii) a And quantity W2Contract quantity completion rate W corresponding to index layer21Hierarchical structure satisfaction rate W22(ii) a And cost W3Purchase cost W corresponding to index layer31And a processing cost W32(ii) a And labor-saving commodity inspection X1Grade qualification rate X corresponding to index layer11Class purity X12(ii) a And provincial acquisition inspection X2Grade qualification rate X corresponding to index layer21Class purity X22(ii) a And national Industrial and commercial inspection X3Grade qualification rate X corresponding to index layer31Class purity X32(ii) a Sensory evaluation Y1The fragrance quality, fragrance amount, miscellaneous gas, irritation and aftertaste corresponding to the index layer; and the appearance quality Y2The color, maturity, leaf structure, identity, oil content and chroma corresponding to the index layer; with chemical component Y3Nicotine, total nitrogen, total sugar, potassium, sugar-base ratio, nitrogen-base ratio and potassium-chlorine ratio corresponding to the index layer; and response hierarchy structure Z2First-class smoke proportion Z corresponding to index layer21Lower smoke ratio Z22Site ratio Z23(ii) a And plan completion rate Z3Yield plan completion rate Z corresponding to index layer31Variety plan completion rate Z32。
Step S102: constructing multiple judgment matrixes for each level by adopting 1-9 scales through an AHP (analytic hierarchy process), synthesizing the multiple judgment matrixes by using a geometric mean method, and performing weight assignment on the comprehensive evaluation model by using the synthesized judgment matrixes; and in specific application, AHP flue-cured tobacco grade quality model weight calculation software is adopted for calculation when weight assignment is carried out on the comprehensive evaluation model.
Wherein, the step S102 specifically includes the following steps:
establishing a hierarchical structure: aiming at important factors influencing the grade quality of the tobacco leaves, a preset method is adopted to modularly establish a hierarchical structure;
specifically, aiming at important factors influencing the grade quality of the tobacco leaves, the method for establishing the hierarchical structure in a modularized manner by adopting a preset method specifically comprises the following steps: through fully and comprehensively researching the decision system, the structure and the connection among the factors in the system are analyzed, and the problems are reasonably decomposed into structures with different levels according to the sequence of targets, criteria, indexes and specific schemes (as shown in figure 2);
construction of a multiple judgment matrix: constructing a multiple judgment matrix by a preset method;
specifically, the constructing of the multiple judgment matrix by the preset method specifically includes the following steps: comparing every two indexes in each layer relative to the importance of the evaluation factors of the previous layer, assigning importance degrees, selecting scales of 1-9 as fractional scales of a judgment matrix (as shown in the following table 1), and constructing a comparison judgment matrix A ═ a (a)ij)n×nWherein n is the number of elements, ajiRepresenting the ratio of the importance of the ith element to the jth element, a if the j factor is compared to the i factorji＝1/aij；
TABLE 1 definition of importance level Scale
Calculating relative weight and checking consistency of multiple judgment matrixes: calculating the multiple judgment matrixes by adopting a preset method, and carrying out consistency check on the multiple judgment matrixes by adopting the preset method;
specifically, in order to ensure the coordination between each two comparison judgments, so that the multi-factor judgments keep consistent logicality and avoid the occurrence of internal contradictory results, the method for calculating the multiple judgment matrixes by adopting a preset method and the method for checking the consistency of the multiple judgment matrixes by adopting the preset method specifically comprises the following steps: calculating a consistency index CR value for each judgment matrix and carrying out consistency check, wherein CR is CI/RI, and RI is average random consistency indexThe standard values (as in table 2 below),
n is the order of the matrix, λmaxAnd calculating the maximum characteristic root of the matrix by using R software by adopting a square root method, and judging that the matrix passes consistency check when CR is less than 0.1.
TABLE 2 average random consistency index RI
And (3) synthesis of a judgment matrix: obtaining a synthetic judgment matrix through the multiple judgment matrixes by adopting a geometric mean method;
specifically, in this embodiment, the flue-cured tobacco grade quality assessment experts come from different fields such as industrial enterprises, commercial enterprises, leadership, grading experts, threshing formula experts and the like, the emphasis on the assessment of each influencing factor is different, and the weighting score for the same level is also different. In the past, a medium mode method is adopted in many researches, and a plurality of expert scoring original judgment matrixes are reconstructed into a new judgment matrix. The method for obtaining the synthetic judgment matrix through the multiple judgment matrixes by adopting the geometric mean method specifically comprises the following steps: according to the definition of the importance scale and the construction characteristics of the judgment matrix, firstly, consistency check is carried out on a plurality of judgment matrixes at the same level, the judgment matrixes are synthesized by solving the geometric mean value for the part of the judgment matrixes passing the check, and the expert opinions of all parties are synthesized to ensure the universality and the representativeness of weight calculation;
and carrying out weight assignment: and carrying out weight assignment on the comprehensive evaluation model through the synthesis judgment matrix by adopting a preset method.
Specifically, the method for performing weight assignment on the comprehensive evaluation model through the synthesis judgment matrix by adopting a preset method specifically comprises the following steps:
calculating the weight of the evaluation factor of the criterion layer by adopting an AHP analytic hierarchy process;
and calculating the weights of the evaluation factors of the index layer and the scheme layer by adopting an AHP analytic hierarchy process.
Step S103: and determining a suitable comment set of each index according to the collected actual data, and carrying out normalization of evaluation to finally realize comprehensive evaluation of the grade quality of the flue-cured tobacco.
Wherein, the step S103 specifically includes the following steps:
constructing A, B, C three-level comment sets, fuzzifying the A, B, C three-level comment sets based on three-angle distribution, and establishing a membership function:
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a triangularly distributed fuzzy comment set function;
setting a judgment value of a comment set, and substituting the collected actual data into a membership function of the comment set to obtain the probability that the actual data belong to each level; specifically, the setting of the comment set judgment value includes the following steps: the maximum value is rounded up and the minimum value is rounded down to be the judgment values of the A level and the C level, and the judgment value of the B level is obtained by rounding off the median;
and assigning the grade A to be 100, the grade B to be 90 and the grade C to be 80, and multiplying the probability by each grade assignment to obtain the normalized score of the actual data of each factor in the comprehensive evaluation model.
As shown in fig. 4, a hierarchical analysis method evaluation system design and weight determination process diagram is shown.
In order to further understand the above technical solution of the present invention, the present embodiment further includes results and analysis, which are specifically as follows:
1) criterion layer evaluation factor design and weight calculation
Through years of tobacco grade quality working practices, the flue-cured tobacco grade quality is considered to be the degree meeting the national standard of flue-cured tobacco and the requirements of related prescriptions.
The national standard of flue-cured tobacco as the performance of exclusive sale system and current system is the only national standard which can be followed by the exchange of procurement and industry and commerce at present, and the degree of flue-cured tobacco grade meeting the standard is usually measured by grade qualification rate and grade purity. The grade qualification rate of the flue-cured tobacco refers to the proportion of primary tobacco leaves in the total amount of the flue-cured tobacco after the flue-cured tobacco is inspected according to the requirements; the grade purity is usually calculated by dividing the total number of the qualified tobacco leaves and the tobacco leaves at the next stage by the total number of the spot checks.
The main relevant parties of the grade quality of the flue-cured tobacco comprise enterprises, clients, higher departments of the enterprises, tobacco growers, governments and the like, and some relevant parties have corresponding requirements and expectations on the grade quality although the relevant parties can not directly intervene in the grade quality. Customer demand is one of the indexes which can best reflect the requirements of the relevant parties. In principle, the more in-place the standard is implemented, the better the grade quality, the higher the grade qualification rate and the higher the customer satisfaction. In a real situation, customer demands are more in consideration of grade purity in appearance, and more in importance of tobacco leaf usability in quality. With the promotion of the availability requirement of the tobacco leaves and the outstanding personalized requirement of customers, the influence on the aspects of production measures, tobacco leaf style characteristics, purchasing management, grade quality and the like is more and more obvious. Under the market economic condition, the product quality meeting the requirements of customers should be listed at the first place, but the benefits and requirements of all related parties of the grade and quality of the tobacco leaves still need to be balanced in the current system and situation.
In addition, the evaluation of the appearance and the internal quality of the flue-cured tobacco can reflect the grade quality condition of the tobacco more essentially and stably, and the quality, the appearance quality, the chemical component detection and the like are mainly used at present. Proved by multi-party research, the appearance quality and the internal quality of the tobacco leaves are closely related and basically unified, and the related relationship has universality. The harmony or lack of chemical composition is also related to the intrinsic and apparent quality of the tobacco leaves to some extent.
Finally, production is the basis of grade quality, and acquisition is the key to embodying grade quality. Practice proves that the tobacco appearance evaluation result is related to the tobacco production level condition and grade quality in the current year to a certain extent. The production base is better, the production level is higher in the tobacco area, the grade quality is better and more stable, and the customer satisfaction is higher. In the harvest year, the tobacco leaves are well produced, the tobacco growers have high income, the hierarchical structure is higher, the industrial customer satisfaction is also better, and the hierarchical qualification rate and the purity can be ensured. On the contrary, in the years and areas seriously affected by natural disasters, the benefits of all parties cannot be taken into consideration, and the grade and quality of the tobacco leaves are often affected.
Based on the research, the four dimensions of meeting the standard degree, meeting the customer requirements, evaluating the quality and producing water in the production area are used as a criterion layer of a flue-cured tobacco grade and quality comprehensive evaluation system (as shown in figure 5).
According to the design of a flue-cured tobacco grade quality evaluation system, the indexes of a criterion layer comprise four aspects, 38 parts of expert questionnaires are collected in total, statistical processing is carried out, a judgment matrix is obtained, the original judgment matrix passing consistency test is subjected to geometric mean synthesis to obtain a final judgment matrix, and the weight of each factor (as shown in the following table 3) is calculated as follows:
TABLE 3 flue-cured tobacco grade quality evaluation system criterion layer index weight
2) Index layer evaluation factor design and weight calculation
2.1) satisfying customer demand W
Customer demand from Industrial availability W1Purchase quantity W2And cost W3Evaluation was carried out in three aspects. For the enterprises in the cigarette industry, purchasing tobacco leaf raw materials can be made into modules with other tobacco leaf raw materials, namely the adaptation rate W11Is the primary consideration; some brands of cigarette formulations use a particular variety of tobacco leaves to impart a particular aroma and taste to the product, such as the characteristic sweet-burnt K326 aroma of Yuxi (soft), so that variety purity is an indicator of greater concern in usability evaluations; in addition, the grade purity is an important appearance index of the tobacco leaves, and the tobacco leaves with good grade purity are beneficial to improving the industrial formulaThe formula modules of most industrial enterprises are constructed after blending tobacco leaves with different grades in a certain or a plurality of production areas, and the tobacco leaves with poor grade purity in batches can influence the stability of the formula modules, thereby causing the quality fluctuation of finished products; the sensory quality of smoking evaluation is an important index for reflecting the internal quality of the tobacco leaves and is also the core quality of the tobacco leaves; whether the chemical composition indexes are coordinated or not can reflect the internal quality of the tobacco leaves to a certain degree, and the individual indexes can also measure the quality and the usability of a certain aspect of the tobacco leaves; industrial enterprises can purchase tobacco raw materials according to the flavor characteristics of the products of the industrial enterprises, the flavor styles of the tobacco are mainly divided into thick, medium and clear 3-flavor styles so as to form cigarette products with different flavor styles, for example, the tobacco in Huang-Huai area is mainly strong flavor, and the tobacco in Yunnan production area is mainly fragrant flavor, and the finished cigarette products taking the tobacco in the production area as main material also show the style characteristics, so that the quantity index mainly indicates whether the yield of the tobacco in the production area can meet the requirement of industrial purchase on the quantity of raw materials, if the yield of the tobacco in the production area cannot meet the requirement of the industrial enterprises, the formula change caused by insufficient raw materials can be caused, and the quality fluctuation of the finished cigarettes can be further caused, and the yield composition is distributed to tobacco planting farmers by tobacco companies according to contracts, so that the contract completion rate can reflect whether the yield of the tobacco in the production area is sufficient; the grade proportion of the tobacco leaves purchased by the industrial purchasing of the tobacco leaves according to the formula requirements also has certain requirements, namely the tobacco leaves in the producing area meet certain grade proportion under the condition of sufficient quantity, namely the grade proportion also meets the requirements of industrial purchasing.
In recent years, as cigarette control becomes a trend of social development, cigarette sales are poor and industrial raw material inventory is high, so that various cigarette industry enterprises take all-round and multi-measure to reduce tobacco purchasing, allocating and processing cost. Therefore, cost is also a very interesting indicator.
Based on the above analysis, we designed questionnaires, obtained 35 questionnaires by expert scoring, synthesized a judgment matrix according to the consistency test results, and calculated the weights of the evaluation factors as follows (tables 4, 5, 6, 7):
TABLE 4 meeting customer requirements W index layer weights
TABLE 5 availability W1Scheme layer index weight
TABLE 6 quantities W2Scheme layer index weight
TABLE 7 cost W3Scheme layer index weight
| Cost W3 | Procurement cost W31 | Processing cost W32 |
| Procurement cost W31 | 1 | 6 |
| Processing cost W32 | 1/6 | 1 |
| Weight of | 0.1429 | 0.8571 |
2.2) compliance with Standard level X index layer
The grade qualification rate and grade purity of the producing area are subjected to sampling inspection mainly through tobacco grade quality inspection according with the standard degree. At present, the method mainly comprises three inspections (as shown in the following table 8), namely provincial and industrial-commercial handover inspection, provincial procurement inspection and national bureau industrial-commercial handover inspection, and the three inspections are all used for sampling the grade qualification rate and the grade purity of a certain batch of tobacco leaves in a production area (as shown in the following table 9).
TABLE 8 Standard compliance X index layer weights
TABLE 9 Fit Standard level X scheme layer weights
| Grade percent of pass | Purity grade | |
| Grade percent of pass | 1 | 1/7 |
| Purity grade | 7 | 1 |
| Weight of | 0.875 | 0.125 |
2.3) quality evaluation y index layer
The appearance quality, physical properties, chemical components and sensory quality constitute four major parts of the quality of the flue-cured tobacco.
The physical characteristics refer to relevant factors influencing the tobacco leaf processing, such as stronger elasticity of the tobacco leaf in the tension reaction and stronger hygroscopicity in the equilibrium moisture content reaction, and the processing quality is relatively better. The physical characteristics mainly affect the industrial processing process, and in the process of meeting the customer requirements W in the criterion layer, the evaluation is already carried out through the processing properties in the usability, and in order to avoid repeated counting of influencing factors, the index of the physical characteristics is not considered in the quality evaluation Y.
The tobacco leaf appearance quality refers to the appearance characteristics (mainly judged by eye and hand touch) which can be felt and identified by human senses, and 6 indexes for evaluating the appearance quality are as follows: color, maturity, leaf structure, identity, oil content, color. The color is generally used as a second grouping factor in tobacco leaf grading; the maturity is a main factor for judging the quality of the tobacco leaves; the leaf structure is the loose degree of leaf cell arrangement; the identity mainly refers to the thickness of tobacco leaves, and the tobacco leaves with medium thickness are most popular with industrial enterprises.
The organoleptic quality, also commonly referred to as the intrinsic quality of tobacco leaves, is a characteristic of the smoke produced by the tobacco leaves after they are burnt. The smoking quality is measured mainly by smoking evaluation personnel through two aspects of fragrance and smoking taste. Currently, domestic universal sensory evaluation method suitable for tobacco leaf raw materials[14]The more important indexes are 5 items of aroma quality, aroma quantity, miscellaneous gas, irritation and aftertaste.
The chemical components mainly comprise two types of chemical quality indexes for evaluating the quality of the tobacco leaves: one is the index of main chemical components, and the other is the index of evaluation by using the ratio between chemical components. The influence of total nitrogen, chlorine and potassium on the sensory quality of tobacco leaves is the largest, and total sugar and reducing sugar are the second. The total nitrogen significantly affects all the evaluation indexes except for strength and gray, the chlorine significantly affects all the evaluation indexes except for strength, the potassium significantly affects all the evaluation indexes except for strength and irritation, the total sugar significantly affects all the evaluation indexes except for irritation, the nicotine significantly affects the amount of fragrance, strength and aftertaste, and the smoke concentration is significantly affected. The chemical quality evaluation indexes include: 8 indexes of nicotine, total nitrogen, sugar, potassium, starch, sugar-base ratio, nitrogen-base ratio and potassium-chlorine ratio. As the starch content of the tobacco leaves in Yunnan province has large fluctuation in each production area and the starch content difference among years is large, the chemical quality evaluation in the research adopts the 7 indexes except the starch.
The index weights are evaluated by a tobacco planting partition project, normalized and recalculated, and then distributed as shown in the following table 10.
TABLE 10 quality assessment Y-index layer and scheme layer weights
2.4) production horizontal Z index layer in producing area
The larger the total amount of the purchased raw materials in the production level indexes of the production area, the larger the tobacco planting area and the wider natural climate area distribution of the production area are, the influence of the ecological environment is small, and the raw materials in the production area are highly coordinated and have better continuous raw material supply capacity; the scientificity of the ratio of the hierarchical structure is the basis for stable tobacco leaf hierarchical quality in the production area, and the stability of the hierarchical quality in the production area is greatly influenced when the hierarchical structure is too high or too low; the planned acquisition rate is that the acquisition task is finished according to the planned yield and variety proportion, and the quality management level of the production area and the overall quality condition of the tobacco leaves can be reflected; the purchasing average price tends to be reasonable, and the grade quality of the tobacco leaves is greatly influenced by the over-low purchasing average price and the over-high purchasing average price.
The hierarchical structure comprises an upper equal cigarette proportion, a middle cigarette proportion and a lower equal cigarette proportion (artificial division), wherein the upper equal cigarette proportion and the lower equal cigarette proportion have the largest influence on the hierarchical quality and the average price, the upper equal cigarette proportion is too high to prove that the upper equal cigarette proportion is too good and serious, the average price can be greatly improved, the lower equal cigarette proportion is too high to greatly reduce the average price, and vice versa. Therefore, the quality level of the purchasing grade can be objectively reflected by measuring the grade structure by adopting the proportion of the middle-grade smoke to the lower-grade smoke; besides, the part proportion can reflect the level of quality management of purchasing grade of tobacco leaves in a producing area to a certain extent, the part proportion is basically consistent with a grade structure, the proportion of middle tobacco is generally high, and the proportion of upper-grade tobacco is also higher; the purchase plan completion rate is generally measured by the yield plan completion rate and the variety plan completion rate, the tobacco yield plan completion rate is a precondition for grade quality management, that is, the grade quality of tobacco (the pressure of government and tobacco growers) can be guaranteed only under the condition of sufficient yield in actual purchase, and the stability of the grade quality of tobacco in a production area can be really maintained only if the variety is not sufficient and the purity is guaranteed.
Based on the reasons, questionnaires are designed for the evaluation of the production level Z of the producing area, and 28 questionnaires are put in to form the following criterion layer index judgment matrix:
the consistency index values CR are respectively calculated as: 0.0568, 0.2067, 0.124, 0.0425, 0.0731 … …, and rounding the geometric mean of the above 21 judgment matrixes passing the consistency test to reconstruct the final judgment matrix (as shown in the following tables 11, 12, 13):
TABLE 11 producing zone production level Z index layer weights
TABLE 12 hierarchy Z2Scheme layer weights
TABLE 13 acquisition plan completion ratio Z3Scheme layer weights
| Completion rate of acquisition plan Z3 | Yield plan completion rate Z31 | Variety plan completion rate Z32 |
| Yield plan completion rate Z31 | 1 | 4 |
| Variety plan completion rate Z32 | 1/4 | 1 |
| Weight of | 0.2 | 0.8 |
3) Tobacco leaf grade quality evaluation system and weight
In summary, the tobacco grade quality evaluation system and the weight distribution are shown in the following table 14:
TABLE 14 evaluation system and weight for grade quality of flue-cured tobacco
4) Conclusion
The flue-cured tobacco grade quality forming process is complex and is influenced by multiple factors, and the reasonable evaluation of the flue-cured tobacco grade quality can be regarded as the comprehensive evaluation of production level, tobacco quality, quality control level in production areas, meeting industrial requirements and the like. On the basis of the existing main grade quality evaluation, other factors which have great influence on the grade quality are comprehensively considered, such as: the method comprises the steps of evaluating the industrial availability of tobacco leaves, producing the production level of a production area and the like, designing a comprehensive evaluation index system of the grade quality of the flue-cured tobacco, and calculating the weight coefficient of each index through 265 collected questionnaires based on an analytic hierarchy process. The system comprises the following steps: the method mainly comprises four criteria layer indexes of customer satisfaction degree, flue-cured tobacco standard conforming degree, quality evaluation and production level of a production area, wherein the flue-cured tobacco standard conforming degree has a large weight (0.295), other indexes have slightly different weights, and a weight calculation result is in accordance with actual production and purchase; the client satisfaction degree is mainly the evaluation of industrial enterprises on the industrial availability of tobacco leaves, and comprises 3 index layers and 10 scheme layer indexes, the weight is determined by an analytic hierarchy process, so that the cost index (0.558), especially the processing cost (0.857) of the industrial enterprises are particularly concerned, and the requirements of the industrial enterprises on the improvement of the purity of the allocated raw materials and the reduction of the purchasing requirement of the processing and sorting cost due to the fact that the cigarette sales of the industrial enterprises slide down and the stock of the raw materials is high in recent years are met; the tobacco standard degree meeting and the quality evaluation belong to traditional quality evaluation indexes, evaluation is mainly carried out through tobacco grade qualification rate, grade purity, appearance, chemical components and sensory evaluation, according to relevant standards and early-stage research, the tobacco standard degree meeting is designed to comprise 3 index layers and 6 scheme layer indexes, wherein the indexes are high in weight (0.540) because the sampling inspection batch and the sampling inspection grade of the purchasing and inspection in the provincial department are more than those of other sampling inspections, the grade qualification rate (0.875) is more important for evaluating the standard degree meeting compared with the grade purity (0.125), and the tobacco standard degree meeting and quality evaluation method meets the policy guidance of corresponding production and purchasing departments in the grade qualification rate of each production area at present. The 'quality evaluation' is designed to comprise 3 index layers and 18 scheme layer indexes, the weight of the sensory evaluation result is relatively large (0.660), and the sensory evaluation quality is embodied to be the core of the tobacco leaf quality; the production level index of the producing area comprises 4 index layers and 5 scheme layer indexes, wherein the evaluation weight of the purchasing average price to the production level is larger (0.433), and a plurality of assessment index hooks such as the local tax profit of the average price and the producing area, the allocation cost of industrial enterprises, the hierarchical structure and the like are hooked, so that the production assessment practice of the producing area is met.
The evaluation index system constructed in the embodiment is evaluated and designed according to the current flue-cured tobacco production condition, the tobacco market supply and demand condition, the grade quality management status and the like. With the rapid development and innovation of tobacco production technology (such as special distribution and collection in recent years), the supply and demand of industry and commerce change, the large policy change (such as purchase price) of tobacco market, the development of tobacco control and performance measures and the attention to the safety indexes of tobacco, the evaluation indexes should be screened and updated again, and the scientificity, objectivity and comprehensiveness of the evaluation system are further maintained.
In summary, by means of the technical scheme of the invention, on the basis of the traditional evaluation indexes, the influence of the availability evaluation of the tobacco industry and the production level of the production area on the grade quality is comprehensively considered, 4 influence factors of 'customer satisfaction', 'flue-cured tobacco standard conforming degree', 'quality evaluation' and 'production level of the production area' in a flue-cured tobacco grade quality evaluation system are discussed and determined, and the weights of 13 first-level indexes and 39 second-level index factors are evaluated, so that the current situation that the grade quality of the tobacco in the production area is evaluated by means of subjective impression is improved, and a theoretical basis is provided for further improving the grade quality of the tobacco in the production area and improving the production, operation and quality control levels of the flue-cured tobacco.
In the present invention, the above-mentioned embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto, and any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A comprehensive evaluation method of a flue-cured tobacco grade quality evaluation index system is characterized by comprising the following steps:
constructing a comprehensive evaluation model of 4 large criterion layers, 13 large index layers and 39 large scheme layers;
constructing multiple judgment matrixes for each level by adopting 1-9 scales through an AHP (analytic hierarchy process), synthesizing the multiple judgment matrixes by using a geometric mean method, and performing weight assignment on the comprehensive evaluation model by using the synthesized judgment matrixes;
and determining a suitable comment set of each index according to the collected actual data, and carrying out normalization of evaluation to finally realize comprehensive evaluation of the grade quality of the flue-cured tobacco.
2. The comprehensive evaluation method of a flue-cured tobacco grade quality evaluation index system according to claim 1, characterized in that the 4 layers of criteria comprise satisfaction of customer demand W, conformity to standard degree X, quality evaluation Y and production level Z of production area;
the 13 large index layer includes availability W1Quantity W2Cost W3Labor-saving commodity inspection X1Provincial and economic procurement inspection X2National Industrial and commercial inspection X3Sensory evaluation Y1Appearance quality Y2Chemical component Y3Total amount Z1Class structure Z2Plan completion rate Z3And the purchasing average price Z4；
The 39 large scheme layer comprises an adaptation rate W11Variety purity W12Class purity W13Sensory evaluation W14Chemical component W15Odor type style W16Contract quantity completion rate W21Hierarchical structure satisfaction rate W22Procurement cost W31And a processing cost W32Grade pass rate X11Class purity X12Grade pass rate X21Class purity X22Grade pass rate X31Class purity X32Flavor, fragrance amount, miscellaneous gas, irritation, aftertaste, color, maturity, leaf structure, identity, oil content, color, nicotine, total nitrogen, total sugar, potassium, sugar-base ratio, nitrogen-base ratio, potassium-chloride ratio, upper smoke ratio Z21Lower smoke ratio Z22Site ratio Z23Yield plan completion rate Z31Variety plan completion rate Z32。
3. The comprehensive evaluation method of the flue-cured tobacco grade quality evaluation index system according to claim 1, characterized in that the method specifically comprises the following steps of constructing multiple judgment matrixes for each level by an AHP (advanced AHP analysis) method according to 1-9 scales, synthesizing the multiple judgment matrixes by a geometric mean method, and performing weight assignment on the comprehensive evaluation model by using the synthesized judgment matrixes:
establishing a hierarchical structure: aiming at important factors influencing the grade quality of the tobacco leaves, a preset method is adopted to modularly establish a hierarchical structure;
construction of a multiple judgment matrix: constructing a multiple judgment matrix by a preset method;
and (3) checking the consistency of the multiple judgment matrixes: calculating the multiple judgment matrixes by adopting a preset method, and carrying out consistency check on the multiple judgment matrixes by adopting the preset method;
and (3) synthesis of a judgment matrix: obtaining a synthetic judgment matrix through the multiple judgment matrixes by adopting a geometric mean method;
and carrying out weight assignment: and carrying out weight assignment on the comprehensive evaluation model through the synthesis judgment matrix by adopting a preset method.
4. The comprehensive evaluation method of the flue-cured tobacco grade quality evaluation index system according to claim 3, characterized in that, aiming at important factors influencing the tobacco grade quality, a preset method is adopted, and the modular establishment of the hierarchical structure specifically comprises the following steps: through fully and comprehensively researching the decision system, the structure and the connection among the factors in the system are analyzed, and the problems are reasonably decomposed into structures of different levels according to the sequence of targets, criteria, indexes and specific schemes.
5. The comprehensive evaluation method of the flue-cured tobacco grade quality evaluation index system according to claim 3, wherein the step of constructing the multiple judgment matrix by a preset method specifically comprises the following steps: comparing every two indexes in each layer relative to the importance of the evaluation factors of the previous layer, assigning importance degrees, selecting 1-9 scales as fractional scales of a judgment matrix, and constructing a comparison judgment matrix A (a)ij)n×nWherein n is the number of elements, ajiRepresenting the ratio of the importance of the ith element to the jth element, a if the j factor is compared to the i factorji＝1/aij。
6. The comprehensive evaluation method of the flue-cured tobacco grade quality evaluation index system according to claim 3, characterized in that the steps of calculating the multiple judgment matrixes by adopting a preset method and carrying out consistency check on the multiple judgment matrixes by adopting the preset method specifically comprise the following steps: calculating a consistency index CR value for each judgment matrix, and performing consistency check, wherein CR is CI/RI, and RI is an average random consistency index value,
n is the order of the matrix, λmaxAnd calculating the maximum characteristic root of the matrix by using R software by adopting a square root method.
7. The comprehensive evaluation method of the flue-cured tobacco grade quality evaluation index system according to claim 3, wherein the step of obtaining the synthetic judgment matrix through the multiple judgment matrices by adopting a geometric mean method specifically comprises the following steps: according to the definition of the importance scale and the structural characteristics of the judgment matrix, firstly, consistency check is carried out on a plurality of judgment matrices of the same level, and the judgment matrices are synthesized by solving the geometric mean value of the part of the judgment matrices passing the check.
8. The comprehensive evaluation method of the flue-cured tobacco grade quality evaluation index system according to claim 3, characterized in that the step of performing weight assignment on the comprehensive evaluation model through the synthetic judgment matrix by adopting a preset method specifically comprises the following steps:
calculating the weight of the evaluation factor of the criterion layer by adopting an AHP analytic hierarchy process;
and calculating the weights of the evaluation factors of the index layer and the scheme layer by adopting an AHP analytic hierarchy process.
9. The comprehensive evaluation method of the flue-cured tobacco grade quality evaluation index system according to claim 1, characterized in that the method comprises the following steps of determining a suitable comment set for each index through the collected actual data, performing evaluation normalization, and finally realizing comprehensive evaluation of the flue-cured tobacco grade quality:
constructing A, B, C three-level comment sets, fuzzifying the A, B, C three-level comment sets based on three-angle distribution, and establishing a membership function:
setting a judgment value of a comment set, and substituting the collected actual data into a membership function of the comment set to obtain the probability that the actual data belong to each level;
and assigning the grade A to be 100, the grade B to be 90 and the grade C to be 80, and multiplying the probability by each grade assignment to obtain the normalized score of the actual data of each factor in the comprehensive evaluation model.
10. The comprehensive evaluation method of the flue-cured tobacco grade quality evaluation index system according to claim 9, wherein the setting of the judgment value of the comment set comprises the following steps: the maximum value is rounded up and the minimum value is rounded down to be the judgment values of the A level and the C level, and the judgment value of the B level is rounded up by a median value.
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