CN111812654B - Method for improving polarization isolation degree of dual-polarization phased array weather radar - Google Patents

Method for improving polarization isolation degree of dual-polarization phased array weather radar Download PDF

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CN111812654B
CN111812654B CN202010881364.0A CN202010881364A CN111812654B CN 111812654 B CN111812654 B CN 111812654B CN 202010881364 A CN202010881364 A CN 202010881364A CN 111812654 B CN111812654 B CN 111812654B
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李忱
张越
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Nanjing Xinda Meteorological Science And Technology Co ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S13/95—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for meteorological use
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
    • G01S7/024—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00 using polarisation effects
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/02—Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
    • G01S2013/0236—Special technical features
    • G01S2013/0245—Radar with phased array antenna
    • G01S2013/0254—Active array antenna
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/02—Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
    • G01S2013/0236—Special technical features
    • G01S2013/0272—Multifunction radar
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    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
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Abstract

A method for improving polarization isolation of a dual-polarization phased array weather radar is characterized by comprising the following steps: when the PPAR is in a dual-polarization working state, the orthogonal phase sequence coding is adopted to perform phase modulation on the transmitting signals of the two polarization channels so as to reduce the mutual coupling between the two polarization channels, reduce the ZDR deviation, ensure that the differential reflectivity error can meet the requirement and simultaneously reduce the influence on the common-pole correlation coefficient and the differential phase. It is common today to rely on phased array antenna hardware to achieve the desired goal, which is expensive. The addition of a 180 phase change between signal pulses in the transmitted horizontal or vertical ports is used to reduce differential reflectivity errors, but this increases the error in the estimation of the co-polarization correlation coefficient and in some cases the error in the differential phase estimation. Compared with the prior art, the method and the device have the advantages of reasonable design, simple equipment, low implementation cost, superior performance and the like.

Description

Method for improving polarization isolation degree of dual-polarization phased array weather radar
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of pulse Doppler radar measurement, in particular to a method for improving polarization isolation of a dual-polarization phased array weather radar.
Background
Since the birth of radar, people begin to use the radar to perform research on precipitation detection and measurement. Through the development of the last hundred years, the dual-polarization weather radar can distinguish the phase state of a cloud and rain target, so that the accuracy of weather detection and forecast is improved, the capability of a forecaster and an algorithm for distinguishing different types of precipitation (such as rainfall and hail) and non-weather scattering (such as insects and ground clutter) can be improved, and more accurate Qualitative Precipitation Estimation (QPE) becomes the mainstream of the current weather radar. On the basis, a phased array technology is further applied, and the phased array dual-polarization weather radar becomes the development direction of the next-generation weather radar. The main difficulty in weather observation using phased array dual polarization radar is to implement dual polarization detection at the isolation of the cross polarization of the phased array antenna, i.e., to control the cross polarization level of the phased array antenna to an acceptable range.
According to the technical specification of the dual-polarization weather radar of the China weather service bureau, the difference reflectivity error of the simultaneous transmitting, receiving horizontal and vertical polarization should be less than 0.1dB, and generally, the index requires that the isolation between the two polarizations of the phased array antenna exceeds 45 dB. If the phased array antenna hardware is used to realize the index, the price is hard to bear. Therefore, it is considered to adopt other methods to reduce the differential reflectivity error due to cross polarization. One approach is to increase the 180 ° phase change between pulses of the signal in the transmitted horizontal or vertical port to reduce the differential reflectivity error, but this increases the error in the estimation of the co-polarization correlation coefficient and in some cases the error in the differential phase estimation.
The dual-polarization weather radar becomes the mainstream of the weather radar, and the new generation weather radar in China is undergoing dual-polarization upgrading and transformation. There are two dual polarization modes of operation on weather radar: simultaneous transmission and reception of horizontally (H) polarized and vertically (V) polarized (SHV), alternating transmission and reception of horizontally polarized and vertically polarized waves (AHV). In AHV mode, the H and V ports of the antenna are excited alternately, while in SHV mode, the antenna is excited simultaneously. In both modes, signals from the horizontal (H) and vertical (V) channels are received simultaneously.
The most dominant dual polarization parameters are the differential reflectivity ZDR, the in-phase correlation coefficient ρ hv (0), and the differential phase ϕ _ DP. For the weather radar adopting the parabolic antenna, the isolation between the two polarizations can meet the requirement through hardware design, so the influence of cross polarization can be ignored. However, for the phased array antenna, the isolation between the two polarizations is generally only about 20dB, and the polarization isolation is further reduced due to the polarization deformation during the beam scanning, so that the signal influence caused by the cross polarization is not negligible, and the influence is larger in the AHV mode, which causes obvious deviation in the estimation of the dual polarization parameters.
A common phased array weather radar employs a planar phased array antenna with a beam that is electronically scanned in one direction and mechanically scanned in the other direction. The isolation of the two polarizations can be improved by adopting the dipole antenna unit, but the detection requirement is difficult to meet after the beam scanning. In order to solve the problem of polarization isolation of the dual-polarization phased array weather radar, U.S. patent (US 2011/0285582) proposes a cylindrical phased array weather radar, wherein antenna array units are installed on a cylindrical surface, so that the performance of a beam is ensured to be unchanged during azimuth scanning, and the method solves the problem of horizontal scanning but has no effect on the deformation of beam polarization during vertical scanning.
The invention provides a pulse pair coding technology to inhibit the polarization cross coupling problem of a dual-polarization phased array weather radar (PPAR), reduce the ZDR deviation, ensure that the differential reflectivity error can meet the requirement, and simultaneously reduce the influence on the common-pole correlation coefficient and the differential phase.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for improving polarization isolation of a dual-polarization phased array weather radar.
In order to achieve the above objects and other related objects, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a method for improving polarization isolation of a dual-polarization phased array weather radar is characterized by comprising the following steps: when the PPAR is in a dual-polarization working state, the orthogonal phase sequence coding is adopted to perform phase modulation on the transmitting signals of the two polarization channels so as to reduce the mutual coupling between the two polarization channels, reduce the ZDR deviation, ensure that the differential reflectivity error can meet the requirement and simultaneously reduce the influence on the common-pole correlation coefficient and the differential phase.
The preferable technical scheme is as follows: the antenna radiation unit of the PPAR is connected to the TR component, and the TR component outputs power to the horizontal polarization channel and the vertical polarization channel; in an AHV mode, a TR component is switched to one of two polarization channels by a power amplifier through a switch; in an SHV mode, a TR component outputs power signals to two polarization channels simultaneously, and at the moment, the TR component adopts two power amplifiers to output the power signals to the two polarization channels respectively, or adopts one power amplifier to output the power signals to the two channels through a power divider.
The preferable technical scheme is as follows: in an SHV mode, a TR component adopts 2 power amplifiers to output power signals respectively, and then the 2 power amplifiers generate expected transmitting waveforms respectively from the 2 waveforms, and the expected transmitting waveforms are mixed with local oscillation signals respectively and then output to corresponding transmitting antennas through an H transmitting power amplifier and a V transmitting power amplifier;
in an SHV mode, a TR component outputs power signals by adopting 1 power amplifier, the power signals are divided into two paths of transmitting signals by a power divider, phase shifters are respectively connected to the two paths of transmitting signals, the phases of the transmitting signals are changed, and the transmitting signals are output to corresponding transmitting antennas;
in the AHV mode, the TR component is switched to one of 2 polarization channels through a switch, phase shifters are respectively connected to the 2 polarization channels, the phase of a transmission signal is changed, and the transmission signal is output to corresponding transmission antennas.
The preferable technical scheme is as follows: under an SHV mode and an AHV mode of the PPAR, two paths of transmitting phases meet the requirement of formula (1):
Figure 759664DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
(1)
where j = √ (-1), subscript "H" denotes horizontal polarization, subscript "V" denotes vertical polarization, M denotes the number of samples in the beam dwell time, and α _ H (M) and α _ V (M) denote phase encoding of the power pulses applied to the antenna H and V ports.
The preferable technical scheme is as follows: if the number of samples M in the beam dwell time is even, and
Figure 688305DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
(2)
where α can be any angle and m is an integer, then the phase of the transmit code is as follows:
Figure 151648DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
Figure 964883DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
Figure 56336DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
(3)
Figure 296824DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
wherein
Figure 981884DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
And
Figure 457864DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
can get
Figure 279190DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
And
Figure 80793DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
any value in between;
if the number of samples M in the beam dwell time is even and is a multiple of 4, and
Figure 987569DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
(4)
the phases of the transmit codes are as follows:
Figure 1661DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
Figure 943072DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
Figure 525363DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
(5)
Figure 44069DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
if the number of samples M within the beam dwell time is a multiple of 3, then any three consecutive transmit phase sequences in antennas H and V are:
Figure 737219DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
Figure 923350DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
when the PPAR is in a dual-polarization working state, the transmitting waveforms of horizontal polarization and vertical polarization adopt orthogonal phase sequence coding, namely two channels respectively transmit coding pulses, the two channels of coding pulses are orthogonal so as to reduce the mutual coupling between the two polarization channels, reduce the deviation of the ZDR, ensure that the difference reflectivity error can meet the requirement, simultaneously reduce the influence on the co-polar correlation coefficient and the difference phase, improve the capability of the radar for distinguishing different types of precipitation (such as rainfall and hail) and non-weather scattering (such as insects and ground clutter), and more accurately realize quantitative precipitation estimation.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a phase encoding system when a single transmission power amplifier is adopted in the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a block diagram of a phase coding system when the horizontal and vertical channels of the present invention respectively adopt a transmission power amplifier.
Detailed Description
All of the features disclosed in this specification, or all of the steps in any method or process so disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except combinations of features and/or steps that are mutually exclusive.
Any feature disclosed in this specification may be replaced by alternative features serving equivalent or similar purposes, unless expressly stated otherwise. That is, unless expressly stated otherwise, each feature is only an example of a generic series of equivalent or similar features.
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
as shown in fig. 1.
The PPAR typically has a plurality of TR elements, the transmit output of each TR element being coupled to an antenna. When a single TR uses 1 power amplifier output power signal, the dual polarization measurement is to divide the power signal into horizontal (H) and vertical (H) signals by a power divider or a switch(V) transmitting on the channel. If PPAR is SHV mode, power divider is used, and if PPAR is AHV mode, switch is used. Phase shifter connected to transmission horizontal (H) and vertical (V) channels
Figure 132002DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
And
Figure 13370DEST_PATH_IMAGE017
the phase control of the phase shifter is changed in the following manner:
if the number of samples M in the beam dwell time is even, the phase of the transmit code is as follows:
Figure 634844DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
Figure 285268DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
Figure 474941DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
(3)
Figure 968239DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
wherein
Figure 3191DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
And
Figure 632756DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
can get
Figure 727751DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
And
Figure 973924DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
any value in between.
If M is a multiple of 3, then any three consecutive transmit phase sequences in H and V are:
Figure 546988DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
Figure 296638DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
if M is a multiple of 4, the transmit phase sequence is:
Figure 562535DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
Figure 761916DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
Figure 404250DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
(5)
Figure 149352DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
as shown in FIG. 2, a PPAR typically has a plurality of TR elements, with the transmit output of each TR element being coupled to an antenna. When two power amplifiers are adopted in the TR component to output power to the horizontal channel and the vertical channel respectively, the waveform generating unit generates orthogonal coding signal waveforms according to formulas (3), (5) and (6), and the signal waveforms and local oscillation signals are mixed and then are sent to an H port and a V port of an antenna through a circulator respectively. The echo signal passes through the H port and the V port and is fed into the receiver by the circulator for processing.
The non-related parts of the patent of the invention are the same as or can be realized by the prior art.
Therefore, the invention has the following advantages:
it is common today to rely on phased array antenna hardware to achieve the desired goal, which is expensive. The addition of a 180 phase change between signal pulses in the transmitted horizontal or vertical ports is used to reduce differential reflectivity errors, but this increases the error in the estimation of the co-polarization correlation coefficient and in some cases the error in the differential phase estimation. Compared with the prior art, the method and the device have the advantages of reasonable design, simple equipment, low implementation cost, superior performance and the like.
The foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and utilities of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art can modify or change the above-mentioned embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications or changes which can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical spirit of the present invention be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. A method for improving polarization isolation of a dual-polarization phased array weather radar is characterized in that when the dual-polarization phased array weather radar is in a dual-polarization working state, orthogonal phase sequence coding is adopted to perform phase modulation on transmitting signals of two polarization channels so as to reduce mutual coupling between the two polarization channels, reduce ZDR deviation, ensure that differential reflectivity errors can meet requirements, and reduce the influence on a common-pole correlation coefficient and a differential phase; an antenna radiation unit of the dual-polarization phased array weather radar is connected to the TR component, and the TR component outputs power to the horizontal polarization channel and the vertical polarization channel; in an AHV mode, a TR component is switched to one of two polarization channels by a power amplifier through a switch; in an SHV mode, a TR component outputs power signals to two polarization channels simultaneously, and the TR component adopts two power amplifiers to output the power signals to the two polarization channels respectively or adopts one power amplifier to output the power signals to the two channels through a power divider;
in an SHV mode, a TR component adopts 2 power amplifiers to output power signals respectively, and then the 2 power amplifiers generate expected transmitting waveforms respectively from the 2 waveforms, and the expected transmitting waveforms are mixed with local oscillation signals respectively and then output to corresponding transmitting antennas through an H transmitting power amplifier and a V transmitting power amplifier;
in an SHV mode, a TR component outputs power signals by adopting 1 power amplifier, the power signals are divided into two paths of transmitting signals by a power divider, phase shifters are respectively connected to the two paths of transmitting signals, the phases of the transmitting signals are changed, and the transmitting signals are output to corresponding transmitting antennas;
in an AHV mode, a TR component is switched to one of 2 polarization channels through a switch, phase shifters are respectively connected to the 2 polarization channels, the phase of a transmission signal is changed, and the transmission signal is output to corresponding transmission antennas;
under an SHV mode and an AHV mode, two paths of transmitting phases of the dual-polarization phased array weather radar meet the requirement of the formula (1):
Figure 351852DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
（1）
where j = √ (-1), subscript "H" denotes horizontal polarization, subscript "V" denotes vertical polarization, M denotes the number of samples in the beam dwell time, α _ H (M) and α _ V (M) denote phase encoding of the power pulses applied to antenna H and V ports;
if the number of samples M in the beam dwell time is even, and
Figure 660474DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
where α is an arbitrary angle and m is an integer, the phase of the transmit code is as follows:
Figure 737539DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
Figure 826717DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
Figure 152657DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
Figure 440418DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
wherein
Figure 560821DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
And
Figure 199613DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
get
Figure 63664DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
And
Figure 471511DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
any value in between;
if the number of samples M in the beam dwell time is even and is a multiple of 4, and
Figure 28395DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
（4）
the phases of the transmit codes are as follows:
Figure 888903DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
Figure 291066DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
Figure 756682DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
Figure 609100DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
if the number of samples M within the beam dwell time is a multiple of 3, then any three consecutive transmit phase sequences in antennas H and V are:
Figure 566692DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
Figure 165688DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
（6）。
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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106249212A (en) * 2016-08-23 2016-12-21 中国人民解放军国防科学技术大学 The polarization discrimination method of active decoy under main lobe compacting jamming pattern
CN106597381A (en) * 2016-12-02 2017-04-26 西安电子科技大学 Full coherent full polarization MIMO radar four-channel integrated target detecting method
CN107703487A (en) * 2017-09-15 2018-02-16 北京无线电测量研究所 A kind of integrated weather radar dual-polarization components
CN111555015A (en) * 2020-06-12 2020-08-18 中国气象局气象探测中心 Dual-polarization phased array antenna and dual-polarization phased array weather radar

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106249212A (en) * 2016-08-23 2016-12-21 中国人民解放军国防科学技术大学 The polarization discrimination method of active decoy under main lobe compacting jamming pattern
CN106597381A (en) * 2016-12-02 2017-04-26 西安电子科技大学 Full coherent full polarization MIMO radar four-channel integrated target detecting method
CN107703487A (en) * 2017-09-15 2018-02-16 北京无线电测量研究所 A kind of integrated weather radar dual-polarization components
CN111555015A (en) * 2020-06-12 2020-08-18 中国气象局气象探测中心 Dual-polarization phased array antenna and dual-polarization phased array weather radar

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