CN111812642A - Cylindrical aperture MIMO array antenna, imaging method and compensation method - Google Patents

Cylindrical aperture MIMO array antenna, imaging method and compensation method Download PDF

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CN111812642A
CN111812642A CN202010446311.6A CN202010446311A CN111812642A CN 111812642 A CN111812642 A CN 111812642A CN 202010446311 A CN202010446311 A CN 202010446311A CN 111812642 A CN111812642 A CN 111812642A
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CN111812642B (en
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李世勇
王硕光
孙厚军
敬汉丹
王泽昊
邢光楠
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Beijing Institute of Technology BIT
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S13/89—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S13/887—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for detection of concealed objects, e.g. contraband or weapons
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V8/00—Prospecting or detecting by optical means
    • G01V8/005—Prospecting or detecting by optical means operating with millimetre waves, e.g. measuring the black losey radiation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V8/00—Prospecting or detecting by optical means
    • G01V8/10—Detecting, e.g. by using light barriers
    • G01V8/20—Detecting, e.g. by using light barriers using multiple transmitters or receivers
    • G01V8/26—Detecting, e.g. by using light barriers using multiple transmitters or receivers using mechanical scanning systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/20—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a curvilinear path

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Abstract

The invention discloses a cylindrical aperture MIMO array antenna, an imaging method and a compensation method, wherein an MIMO multi-sub-array imaging system can save array elements, is convenient to process, and a cylindrical array can obtain a better imaging effect; by combining with the compensation scheme provided by the invention, the wave path difference between the actual transceiving position and the equivalent position of the channel can be well compensated, so that a good three-dimensional imaging effect is obtained, and the method is suitable for millimeter wave human body security inspection imaging; when the array aperture is large, each subarray is compensated according to the scheme provided by the invention, and the accumulated error of each subarray is small, so that a good imaging effect is realized; meanwhile, the compensation scheme provided by the invention can solve the following problems: due to the influence of the antenna directional diagram of the transmitting-receiving channel, a certain pair of specific transmitting-receiving channels can only act on a limited area, and the good compensation effect can be realized only by ensuring that the antennas in the subarray can act on the area near the compensation point.

Description

Cylindrical aperture MIMO array antenna, imaging method and compensation method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of security inspection, and particularly relates to a cylindrical aperture MIMO array antenna, an imaging method and a compensation method.
Background
The security inspection problem in public places also brings about wide attention to the society and academia, and higher requirements are also put forward on the characteristics of accuracy, instantaneity, intellectualization and the like of a security inspection system.
Human body security inspection has been faced with some technical difficulties, for example, traditional security inspection devices, such as metal detectors and X-ray imaging devices. The metal detector can detect metal prohibited articles carried by a human body, but can not detect nonmetal prohibited articles such as a ceramic knife, a plastic bomb, a powder bomb and the like, and can not distinguish the types of the prohibited articles step by step and realize accurate positioning; although the X-ray imaging device can perform high-resolution imaging on the human body carrying hidden objects, the X-ray has ionization property and is not suitable for rapid high-resolution human body security inspection imaging.
The millimeter wave is used for security inspection imaging, which is a novel security inspection technology appearing in recent years, and has the advantages of high safety, good reliability, difference in electromagnetic scattering characteristics of different materials and the like, and the millimeter wave security inspection imaging method becomes the mainstream development direction of the human body security inspection technology at present.
At present, some millimeter wave security inspection imaging systems mainstream in the world still have problems to be solved urgently: such as the Provision series platform of the U.S. L3 company, which requires mechanical scanning, the imaging speed is slow; the QPS system of the German Rohde & Schwarz company has higher cost and long signal processing time; eqo of Smith company needs to be detected to rotate for a circle in front of an imaging system, has low imaging speed and is difficult to meet the domestic requirement for high-throughput quick security inspection.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a cylindrical aperture MIMO array antenna, an imaging method and a compensation method, which can save the number of array elements and facilitate processing; the compensation method can compensate the accumulated error of each subarray, thereby realizing better imaging effect.
A cylindrical aperture multi-subarray MIMO array antenna, the transmit antennas TX and receive antennas RX being distributed over a cylindrical arc, wherein: the transmitting antennas TX are uniformly distributed on the arc lines of the cylindrical arc surface at equal angular intervals; the receiving antennas RX are uniformly distributed on the equally spaced bus of the cylindrical cambered surface; the receiving antennas RX on two adjacent bus bars and the transmitting antennas TX on two adjacent arc lines between the two bus bars form an antenna subarray; when the MIMO array antenna works, each subarray scans and images a target in sequence in a time-sharing mode.
An imaging method of a cylindrical aperture multi-subarray MIMO array antenna is characterized in that for each antenna subarray, all transmitting antennas TX transmit radio frequency signals of a certain specific frequency band, and all receiving antennas RX receive echo signals reflected by a target at the same time; any one transmitting antenna TX and one receiving antenna RX in the subarray form a transmitting-receiving antenna pair; in a standard cylindrical coordinate system, the position of a transmitting antenna TX in a transmitting-receiving antenna pair is expressed as (R, theta)T,zT) The RX position of the receiving antenna is represented as (R, θ)R,zR) Then its equivalent phase center position EX is expressed as:
Figure BDA0002505972510000021
if the radius of the cylinder where the arc surface of the cylinder is located is R, the coordinate of the cylinder is expressed as follows under a rectangular coordinate system:
(xc,yc,zc)＝(Rcosθc,Rsinθc,zc)；
and equivalently considering the plane where the equivalent phase centers of all the transceiving antenna pairs in the antenna subarray are located as a plane array antenna, and performing imaging calculation by using a plane array antenna imaging algorithm.
Preferably, the imaging algorithm is an ω k three-dimensional imaging algorithm.
A compensation method of an imaging method of a cylindrical aperture multi-subarray MIMO array antenna aims at any transmitting-receiving antenna pair in each antenna subarray and is at a working frequency fiThe phases to be compensated are:
Figure BDA0002505972510000022
wherein R iscom＝R1+R2-2R3；R1Representing the distance from the transmitting antenna to the focal point of the antenna subarray; r2Representing the distance from the focusing point to the receiving antenna; r3And the distance from the focus point to the position of the equivalent phase center array element corresponding to the transmitting and receiving antenna is represented.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the MIMO multi-subarray imaging system provided by the invention can save array elements, is convenient to process, and can obtain a better imaging effect by the cylindrical surface array; the compensation scheme provided by the invention is combined, the wave path difference between the actual receiving and sending positions of the channels and the equivalent positions can be well compensated, so that a good three-dimensional imaging effect is obtained, and the method is suitable for millimeter wave human body security inspection imaging.
The compensation scheme provided by the invention aims at the problem that when the array aperture surface is large, the accumulated error of non-compensation points is large. When the array aperture is large, each subarray is compensated according to the scheme provided by the invention, the accumulated error of each subarray is small, and therefore, a good imaging effect is achieved.
Meanwhile, the compensation scheme provided by the invention can solve the following problems: a particular transceiver channel pair can only operate in a limited area due to the effects of the transceiver channel antenna pattern. And a better compensation effect can be realized only by ensuring that the antenna in the subarray can act on an area near the compensation point.
After the cylindrical aperture MIMO near-field imaging system, the array compensation scheme and the rapid imaging algorithm are combined, the advantages of high distance, azimuth direction and altitude direction resolution can be achieved, the arrangement is easy, the applicability of the application environment is high, rapid human body security inspection can be realized, and the system and the method can be applied to human body security inspection in the environments of airports, high-flux subways, railway stations and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a multi-subarray near field compensation method of a cylindrical aperture MIMO array according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an overall structure of a cylindrical aperture MIMO array multi-subarray system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram for explaining the phase accumulated error of the present invention;
fig. 4(a) is a schematic diagram of an error compared with that of a conventional central compensation, and (b) is a schematic diagram of an error of near-field compensation of multiple sub-arrays of a cylindrical aperture MIMO array in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5(a), (b) and (c) illustrate the influence of the cylindrical aperture MIMO array multi-subarray near field compensation method on the result of the fast imaging algorithm. Wherein, 5(a) is an imaging result obtained by adopting an omega k (wave number domain algorithm) algorithm after adopting a traditional near field compensation method; 5(b) adopting a multi-subarray near field compensation method and then adopting an imaging result of an omega k (wave number domain algorithm) algorithm; and 5(c) is the imaging result of the standard BP algorithm (no compensation is needed).
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 2, a solid circle represents a transmitting antenna TX, a hollow circle represents a receiving antenna RX, and the transmitting antennas TX are uniformly distributed on an arc line with equal angular intervals in the cylindrical aperture; the receiving antennas RX are uniformly distributed on the equally spaced buses of the cylindrical aperture; the receiving antennas RX on two adjacent bus bars and the transmitting antennas TX on two adjacent arcs between the two bus bars form an antenna sub-array. In this embodiment, each sub-array is composed of 8 transmitting (4 up and 4 down) antennas and 8 receiving (4 up and 4 down) antennas.
When the MIMO array antenna works, each subarray scans the target in sequence in timeLike until all sub-arrays are traversed. For each subarray, all transmitting antennas TX transmit radio-frequency signals of a certain specific frequency band, and all receiving antennas RX in the subarray receive echo signals reflected by a target at the same time as the imaging range belongs to the near field range; any one transmitting antenna TX and one receiving antenna RX in the subarray form a transmitting-receiving antenna pair; the transmitting and receiving process of the transmitting and receiving antenna pair can be equivalent to transmitting and receiving signals from a certain specific position, as shown in the right schematic diagram of fig. 2, and in a standard cylindrical coordinate system, the TX position of a certain transmitting antenna in a certain subarray can be represented as (R, θ)T,zT) The RX position of a certain receiving antenna can be expressed as (R, θ)R,zR) Then its equivalent phase center position EX can be expressed as:
Figure BDA0002505972510000031
assuming that the radius of the cylinder is R, the coordinate under the rectangular coordinate system is expressed as:
(xc,yc,zc)＝(Rcosθc,Rsinθc,zc)
all antenna pairs in the sub-array can be equivalent to an antenna array of a plane full array, so that in the imaging algorithm, a traditional plane antenna array algorithm, such as a commonly used omega-k three-dimensional imaging algorithm (wave number domain algorithm), can be adopted. The adoption of the arc form can enable the beam direction of the antenna to face the imaging area, and the problem of image quality deterioration caused by gain reduction in the non-line-of-sight direction of the antenna is solved.
However, a phase error exists between a full array equivalent to the MIMO array and an actual array topology, and generally, a central compensation mode is required to compensate the entire array. When the array aperture is large, the accumulated error of the uncompensated points is large, and the imaging quality is seriously influenced. Meanwhile, due to the influence of the antenna pattern of the transceiving channel, a certain pair of specific transceiving channels can only act on a limited area, and the central compensation mode is possibly out of the acting range of the transceiving channel.
The invention therefore also provides a phase compensation method.
The phase position of compensation needed by the cylindrical aperture multi-subarray MIMO array is determined by the following scheme: the phase needing to be compensated is obtained by calculating the wave path difference generated by the transmitting antenna to the sub-array focusing point and then to the receiving antenna and calculating the wave path difference generated by the transmitting and receiving antenna equivalent phase center guide sub-array focusing point, and the difference of the two wave path differences is solved and is used for compensating the baseband signal.
The invention realizes the fast high-resolution imaging of human body by the following steps, and the scheme flow is shown in figure 1:
first, the position (x) of a certain sub-array focus point is determined0,y0,z0) And assuming the position of the transmitting antenna in one of the transmitting and receiving antenna pairs is (x)1,y1,z1) The position of the receiving antenna is (x)2,y2,z2) The position of the corresponding equivalent phase center array element is set as (x)3,y3,z3) Then the lengths of the following segments of the path can be calculated: transmitting antenna-to-focal point distance:
Figure BDA0002505972510000041
focal point to receive antenna distance:
Figure BDA0002505972510000042
focusing point to the position of the equivalent phase center array element corresponding to the receiving and transmitting antenna:
Figure BDA0002505972510000043
the distance to be compensated is then: rcom＝R1+R2-2R3. In order to obtain a certain distance resolution of the imaging result, the system of the invention adopts a broadband radio frequency signal. If the N frequencies corresponding to the receiving and transmitting radio frequency signals of the system form a sequence: f ═ f1,f2,…,fNIf the frequency sequence is an arithmetic sequence, the system bandwidth is B ═ fN-f1The light velocity in vacuum is c, the distance resolution is
Figure BDA0002505972510000044
Taking the equidistant step frequency signal as an example, if the frequency step interval is Δ f, the unambiguous distance from the classical range imaging algorithm is
Figure BDA0002505972510000045
I.e. the results of classical range-image imaging algorithms only apply in the range of unambiguous distances. Under the condition that the conditions allow, if the resolution is certain (the system bandwidth is certain), it is guaranteed that the larger the number of frequency points is, the better the frequency points are, the larger the non-fuzzy distance is realized, and the compensation result and the imaging effect of the algorithm are guaranteed.
For a certain frequency f in the sequenceiThe phase to be compensated at this frequency is:
Figure BDA0002505972510000051
it should be noted that the focusing centers of different sub-arrays can be divided in advance, and are generally arranged on the symmetry axis of the cylindrical array. The phase distribution of different subarrays at different focal points and different frequencies can be calculated in advance and stored in corresponding equipment. When applied, the data can be directly read from the corresponding equipment, and not calculated in real time.
Traversing a certain transmitting-receiving antenna pair, transmitting and receiving all frequency signals f in radio frequency signal sequenceiFor all fiAnd focus point (x)0,y0,z0) And calculating the phase to be compensated at the frequency according to a compensation phase calculation principle.
And traversing all the transmitting and receiving channels in the same subarray to complete the calculation of the compensation phases required by all the channels in the same subarray.
And traversing all different sub-arrays, and completely calculating the compensation phases required by all channels in all the sub-arrays.
And (3) compensating the acquired baseband signal by using the compensation phase, and obtaining a three-dimensional imaging result by using a rapid three-dimensional imaging algorithm (omega-k algorithm), thereby realizing high-resolution three-dimensional imaging of each region in each part of the human body.
Under the near-field security inspection imaging scene, the horizontal dimension and the vertical dimension of three-dimensional imaging can reach higher resolution by ensuring larger aperture of the array surface and more sub-arrays, and higher distance dimension resolution is realized, so that three-dimensional high-resolution imaging of one area of a human body is realized.
In summary, the three-dimensional high-resolution fast imaging of the target scene is realized by combining the near-field compensation algorithm for the cylindrical aperture MIMO array with the ω k algorithm (wave number domain algorithm).
Some embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below, and the embodiments described by referring to the drawings are only exemplary and are only used for explaining the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
The same reference numerals in the drawings of the embodiments are to be understood as components or modules having the same functions.
In the description of the present invention, the orientation or positional relationship described is based on the embodiment shown in the drawings, and it is not to be understood that the system component or module must be installed or operated in the above-described position, and it is not to be understood as a limitation of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 2, the figure is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a cylindrical aperture MIMO array multi-subarray system. All the receiving and transmitting antenna beams face the human body, when the detected person is detected to be in the detectable range, the imaging system divides different subarray focusing centers, traverses the wave paths from the receiving and transmitting channels to the focusing center under all the frequencies of all the channels of the different subarrays and from the equivalent phase centers of all the channels to the focusing center, and calculates all the phases needing to be compensated. And compensating the received echo data by using the phase needing to be compensated and obtained by calculation, and imaging by using a wk algorithm (wave number domain algorithm) to obtain a three-dimensional image result of the target region.
Fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating phase accumulated error according to the present invention. Wherein, A and B are the positions of the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna of a certain channel respectively. O represents the equivalent phase center of A and B. P denotes a focal point position, and T denotes a position where an actual target is located. The distance error that the compensation produces at the T position can be expressed as:
R＝R3+R4-R1+R2+2R0-2Rc
the phase error resulting from this compensation can be expressed as
Figure BDA0002505972510000061
Fig. 4(a) (b) illustrate the necessity of applying the compensation method of the present invention to the cylindrical aperture multi-subarray MIMO imaging system of the present invention. And (a) is a schematic error diagram obtained by adopting a total array center compensation mode (a classical MIMO array compensation method) for the cylindrical aperture MIMO array. The total array center compensation focuses all sub-arrays to the same position of the imaging plane. The invention adopts a multi-subarray respective compensation method aiming at the cylindrical multi-subarray MIMO array. Fig. b is a schematic diagram of an error of near field compensation of multiple sub-arrays of the cylindrical aperture MIMO array in the embodiment of the present invention. It can be seen that when the imaging area is larger, the scheme of total array center compensation only maintains smaller phase error at the central position of the imaging area, and the method adopted by the invention can maintain smaller phase error in a larger range, so that better imaging effect can be obtained.
Fig. 5(a), (b) and (c) illustrate the effect of the compensation method on the imaging algorithm result for the cylindrical aperture multi-subarray MIMO array of the present invention. The invention adopts a 2x4 sub-array (8 sub-arrays) as an embodiment, and each sub-array is a square array of 23x23 array elements. The radius of the cylindrical array was 0.5 m. The radio frequency adopted by simulation is 16-22 GHz. Wherein, (a) is an imaging result obtained by adopting a wk algorithm (wave number domain algorithm) after adopting a multi-total-array near field compensation method; (b) an imaging result of a wk algorithm (wave number domain algorithm) is adopted after a multi-subarray near field compensation method is adopted; (c) the imaging result is the standard BP algorithm (no compensation is needed).
From the results, the result of fig. 5(c) (BP algorithm) is the best but the imaging time is long, and the requirement of real-time imaging cannot be met, and the result is taken as a reference for the imaging result. The result of imaging by adopting wk algorithm (wave number domain algorithm) after the traditional total array compensation method is utilized is shown in fig. 5(a), and it can be seen that the imaging effect is better near the central area of the imaging plane, and the edge has obvious deterioration and distortion; the imaging result after the subarray center compensation of the invention is adopted, the effect of the image in the figure 5(b) is similar to the BP algorithm result, and the requirements of high image quality and real-time imaging can be met.
In summary, according to the cylindrical aperture multi-subarray MIMO array system and the near field compensation method of the embodiment of the invention, a wk fast imaging algorithm (wavenumber domain algorithm) is combined, so that the security inspection system realizes fast high-resolution imaging, has the advantages of high imaging speed and high resolution, is easy to arrange, has low cost, and can be applied to human body security inspection in the environments of airports, high-flux subways, railway stations and the like.
In summary, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. A cylindrical aperture multi-subarray MIMO array antenna, wherein transmit antennas TX and receive antennas RX are distributed over a cylindrical arc, wherein: the transmitting antennas TX are uniformly distributed on the arc lines of the cylindrical arc surface at equal angular intervals; the receiving antennas RX are uniformly distributed on the equally spaced bus of the cylindrical cambered surface; the receiving antennas RX on two adjacent bus bars and the transmitting antennas TX on two adjacent arc lines between the two bus bars form an antenna subarray; when the MIMO array antenna works, each subarray scans and images a target in sequence in a time-sharing mode.
2. An imaging method of the cylindrical aperture multi-subarray MIMO array antenna of claim 1, wherein for each antenna subarray, all transmit antennas TX transmit radio frequency signals of a certain frequency band, and all receive antennas RX receive echo signals reflected by a target at the same time; any transmitting antenna TX and a receiving antenna RX in the sub-array form a receiverA pair of transmit antennas; in a standard cylindrical coordinate system, the position of a transmitting antenna TX in a transmitting-receiving antenna pair is expressed as (R, theta)T,zT) The RX position of the receiving antenna is represented as (R, θ)R,zR) Then its equivalent phase center position EX is expressed as:
Figure FDA0002505972500000011
if the radius of the cylinder where the arc surface of the cylinder is located is R, the coordinate of the cylinder is expressed as follows under a rectangular coordinate system:
(xc,yc,zc)＝(Rcosθc,Rsinθc,zc)；
and equivalently considering the plane where the equivalent phase centers of all the transceiving antenna pairs in the antenna subarray are located as a plane array antenna, and performing imaging calculation by using a plane array antenna imaging algorithm.
3. The method for imaging a cylindrical aperture multi-subarray MIMO array antenna of claim 2, wherein the imaging algorithm is an ω k three-dimensional imaging algorithm.
4. A method of compensating for a method of imaging a multiple-subarray MIMO array antenna with cylindrical aperture according to claim 2, wherein for any transmit-receive antenna pair in each antenna subarray at the operating frequency fiThe phases to be compensated are:
Figure FDA0002505972500000012
wherein R iscom＝R1+R2-2R3；R1Representing the distance from the transmitting antenna to the focal point of the antenna subarray; r2Representing the distance from the focusing point to the receiving antenna; r3And the distance from the focus point to the position of the equivalent phase center array element corresponding to the transmitting and receiving antenna is represented.
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