CN111811683A - Superconducting block temperature rise detection system and method - Google Patents
Superconducting block temperature rise detection system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111811683A CN111811683A CN202010577883.8A CN202010577883A CN111811683A CN 111811683 A CN111811683 A CN 111811683A CN 202010577883 A CN202010577883 A CN 202010577883A CN 111811683 A CN111811683 A CN 111811683A
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- optical fiber
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- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K11/00—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00
- G01K11/32—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using changes in transmittance, scattering or luminescence in optical fibres
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of sensors, in particular to a temperature rise detection system and method for a superconducting block. According to the invention, for the superconducting block material which is positioned above the permanent magnet track and soaked in liquid nitrogen, the temperature rise behavior and the space position information which change along with time on the whole optical fiber transmission path are obtained by reasonably setting the connection mode of the optical fiber sensor which is electrically connected with the adjusting instrument in the superconducting block material and taking the distributed optical fiber sensor as the measuring equipment. Distributed optical fiber sensor size is minimum, and self heat production can be ignored, realizes reading and accurate location to the real-time high efficiency of temperature rise action, has guaranteed the high accuracy of detection and the high efficiency on time, acquires the change information of superconductive block material internal temperature along with time fast, realizes the real-time detection to the temperature, can reduce the equipartition formula again to a certain extent and punch to superconductive block material performance's influence, has stronger practical value in superconductive block material engineering application.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of sensors, in particular to a temperature rise detection system and method for a superconducting block.
Background
When the high-temperature superconductor works in a variable external magnetic field or transmits variable current, heat loss can be generated in the superconductor to cause the internal temperature to rise and the risk of quench is generated. In the prior art, thermocouples or platinum resistance temperature sensors are arranged at different positions in the center and the periphery of a superconducting block material to measure the temperature rise change in the block material under different external magnetic fields. The superconducting block material in work is always soaked in a liquid nitrogen environment, the temperature rise change interval inside the block material is smaller under the excitation of a change external magnetic field, and the thermocouple sensor adopted in the prior art is easily influenced by an external low-temperature liquid nitrogen environment and has low sensitivity; the platinum resistance temperature sensor measures temperature change by using the resistance value change of metal platinum, but the resistance loss of the platinum resistance temperature sensor has larger influence on a superconducting bulk material with tiny temperature change, so that temperature measurement in the prior art has certain errors.
The prior art also has a number of objective disadvantages, such as: when the sensor is applied to engineering, a large number of temperature rise collecting points need to be arranged, and when sensors such as platinum resistors, thermocouples and the like are arranged, excessive leads need to be arranged in a Dewar, so that the space size of the Dewar is not allowed, and the heat retaining property of the Dewar is not facilitated. The superconducting block is soaked in liquid nitrogen, the type and precision of a sensor embedded in the prior art are easily influenced by external liquid nitrogen, and sensors such as platinum resistors, thermocouples and the like in the prior art have Joule loss, so that extra burden is brought to a cooling system of high-temperature superconducting magnetic suspension.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a system and a method for detecting temperature rise of a superconducting bulk material, so as to solve the problems. In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
on one hand, the embodiment of the application provides a superconducting bulk material temperature rise detection system, which comprises a superconducting bulk material, an optical fiber sensor and a mediation instrument; the superconducting bulk material is arranged in liquid nitrogen and is arranged above the permanent magnet track; the optical fiber sensor electrically connected with the regulating instrument is arranged in the superconducting bulk material, receives an optical signal sent by the regulating instrument and transmits Rayleigh scattered light to the regulating instrument; the modulator provides an optical signal, and the modulator receives and processes Rayleigh scattered light generated by the optical fiber sensor.
Optionally, the optical fiber sensor is a distributed optical fiber temperature sensor.
Optionally, the lower surface of the superconducting bulk is provided with a first elliptical groove and a second elliptical groove, the second elliptical groove is embedded in the first elliptical groove, and the first elliptical groove and the second elliptical groove are both provided with the optical fiber sensor.
Optionally, two parallel grooves are circumferentially arranged on the side surface of the superconducting bulk material, and the optical fiber sensor is arranged in each of the two grooves.
Optionally, the lower surface of the superconducting bulk is provided with a plurality of small holes with different depths, and each small hole is provided with the optical fiber sensor.
Optionally, the lateral surface of the superconducting bulk is provided with a plurality of small holes with different depths, and each small hole is provided with the optical fiber sensor.
On the other hand, the embodiment of the application provides a temperature rise detection method of a superconducting bulk material, wherein an optical fiber sensor is arranged in the superconducting bulk material; electrically connecting the optical fiber sensor with a mediation instrument, wherein the mediation instrument measures the optical fiber sensor for the first time and stores Rayleigh scattering signals of each position, and the Rayleigh scattering signals are recorded as reference signals; when the temperature of the superconducting bulk material changes, the refractive index inside the optical fiber sensor changes to generate new Rayleigh scattered light, and a detector in the modulator collects the new Rayleigh scattered light at each position and records the new Rayleigh scattered light as a measurement signal; and processing the spectral frequency data of the measurement signal and the spectral frequency data of the reference signal to obtain spectral drift, and calculating to obtain a temperature change value through the spectral drift.
Optionally, the processing the data of the spectral frequency of the measurement signal and the spectral frequency of the reference signal includes that the adjusting instrument respectively obtains the spectral frequency of the reference signal and the spectral frequency of the measurement signal; the value of the spectral shift Δ v is calculated by the following formula:
in formula (1), Uj(v) Representing the spectrum of the reference signal, Uj(v-Δvj) Representing the measured signal spectrum and "+" representing the cross correlation operator.
Optionally, the modulator obtains the average wavelength and frequency of both the reference signal and the measurement signal, respectively; the temperature change value is calculated by the following formula:
in the formula (2), λ represents an average wavelength, v represents a light wave frequency, and Δ v represents a spectral shift; when the temperature is measured, the influence of a strain factor on the spectral response is not considered, and the temperature is approximately equal to 0; kTAnd KAre temperature and strain calibration constants.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the temperature of the superconducting bulk is measured through the distributed optical fiber sensor, an optical signal generated by the tunable laser source is divided into a reference wave 3 and a signal wave 4 through the 3dB coupler, the signal wave 4 enters the optical fiber line 8 through the coupler, when the temperature rises, the optical fiber sensor 6 deforms, the internal refractive index slightly changes, random Rayleigh scattering light 7 is generated, and the detector 9 receives and collects the Rayleigh scattering light. Compared with the initial state, the Rayleigh scattering spectra in the two states generate drift, and the corresponding relation between the spectrum drift amount and the temperature can be obtained through correlation calculation. Distributed optical fiber sensor size is minimum, and self heat production can be ignored, realizes reading and accurate location to the real-time high efficiency of temperature rise action, has guaranteed the high accuracy of detection and the high efficiency on time, acquires the change information of superconductive block material internal temperature along with time fast, realizes the real-time detection to the temperature, can reduce the equipartition formula again to a certain extent and punch to superconductive block material performance's influence, has stronger practical value in superconductive block material engineering application.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by the practice of the embodiments of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a superconducting bulk temperature rise detection system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an arrangement of optical fiber sensors in a bulk superconductor according to an embodiment of the present invention, where (a) is a schematic diagram of a trench arrangement, (b) is a schematic diagram of a surrounding arrangement, (c) is a schematic diagram of a lower surface punching arrangement, and (d) is a schematic diagram of a side punching arrangement.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the optical fiber sensor according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a flowchart of a temperature rise detection method for a bulk superconductor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The labels in the figure are: 1. a tunable laser source; 2. a 3dB coupler; 5. a polarization controller; 6. a sensor; 7. rayleigh scattered light; 8. an optical fiber line; 9. a detector; 10. an analog-to-digital converter; 11. a computer; 12. adjusting the instrument; 14. liquid nitrogen; 15. a superconducting bulk material; 16 permanent magnet tracks.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures. Meanwhile, in the description of the present invention, the terms "first", "second", and the like are used only for distinguishing the description, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a superconducting bulk temperature rise detection system, which includes a superconducting bulk 15, an optical fiber sensor 6 and a mediator 12; the superconducting bulk material 15 is arranged in the liquid nitrogen 14, and the superconducting bulk material 15 is arranged above the permanent magnet track 16; the optical fiber sensor 6 electrically connected with the modulator 12 is arranged in the superconducting bulk material 15, and the optical fiber sensor 6 receives the optical signal sent by the modulator 12 and transmits Rayleigh scattered light 7 to the modulator 12; the modulator 12 provides an optical signal, and the modulator 12 receives and processes the rayleigh scattered light 7 generated by the optical fiber sensor 6.
Optionally, as shown in fig. 3, the optical fiber sensor 6 is a distributed optical fiber temperature sensor, which has a very small size and has a very small influence on the overall structure and the suspended guiding performance of the superconducting bulk material 15.
Optionally, as shown in fig. 2, a first elliptical groove and a second elliptical groove are formed in the lower surface of the superconducting bulk material 15, the second elliptical groove is embedded in the first elliptical groove, and the optical fiber sensor 6 is arranged in both the first elliptical groove and the second elliptical groove; the magnetic field experienced by the lower bottom of the superconducting block close to the permanent magnet track is uneven and severe, the lower bottom generates a temperature rise behavior firstly, and the optical fiber sensors 6 are arranged in the grooves on the outer edge of the lower surface of the block, so that the temperature rise behavior can be detected at the earliest time, and the time high efficiency is ensured.
Optionally, as shown in fig. 2, two parallel grooves are formed around the side surface of the superconducting bulk material 15, the optical fiber sensor 6 is disposed in each of the two grooves, and the magnetic flux lines generated by the permanent magnet tracks firstly penetrate or penetrate from the outer surface of the superconductor and gradually penetrate inwards, so that the temperature rise behavior of the superconductor presents central symmetry distribution, the outer surface temperature is higher, the inner temperature gradually rises, and the optical fiber sensor 6 surrounds the side surface of the bulk material to detect the temperature rise behavior at the earliest.
Optionally, as shown in fig. 2, a plurality of small holes with different depths are formed in the lower surface of the superconducting bulk material 15, and the optical fiber sensor 6 is disposed in each small hole.
Optionally, as shown in fig. 2, a plurality of small holes with different depths are formed in the side surface of the superconducting bulk material 15, and the optical fiber sensor 6 is arranged in each small hole; considering the extreme conditions such as the high-frequency large-amplitude change of the external magnetic field in future application occasions, the superconducting bulk material 15 with the three-dimensional geometric bulk characteristic needs to measure the temperature rise behavior of the outer edge and pay attention to the inside of the material in the process of more severe or even deteriorated temperature rise evolution; drilling micro holes in the block to place the optical fiber sensors 6, positioning a 'hot spot' area of the temperature rise in the superconducting block 15 by combining simulation of the temperature rise behavior of the high-temperature superconducting block 15 under an inhomogeneous external magnetic field, and arranging the distributed optical fiber sensors 6 in the area on the basis that the overall structure and performance of the superconducting block 15 are not influenced as much as possible, so that accurate positioning and measurement of key heating points in the block can be realized, and the data acquisition efficiency is improved.
On the other hand, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, the present embodiment provides a superconductor temperature rise detection method including step S10, step S20, step S30, and step S40.
S10, arranging the optical fiber sensor 6 in the superconducting block material 15;
s20, electrically connecting the optical fiber sensor 6 with a modulator 12, and enabling the modulator 12 to measure the optical fiber sensor 6 for the first time and store Rayleigh scattering signals of each position and record the Rayleigh scattering signals as reference signals;
step S30, when the temperature of the superconducting bulk material 15 changes, the refractive index inside the optical fiber sensor 6 changes, new Rayleigh scattered light 7 is generated, and the detector 9 in the modulator 12 collects the new Rayleigh scattered light 7 at each position and records the new Rayleigh scattered light 7 as a measurement signal;
and S40, processing the spectral frequency data of the measurement signal and the spectral frequency data of the reference signal to obtain spectral drift, and calculating to obtain a temperature change value through the spectral drift.
Optionally, the step S40 includes a step S401 and a step S402.
S401, the adjusting instrument 12 respectively obtains a reference signal spectrum frequency and a measurement signal spectrum frequency;
s402, calculating the numerical value of the spectrum drift delta v through the following formula:
in formula (1), Uj(v) Representing the spectrum of the reference signal, Uj(v-Δvj) Representing the measured signal spectrum and "+" representing the cross correlation operator.
Optionally, the step S40 further includes step S403 and step S404.
S403, the adjusting instrument 12 respectively obtains the average wavelength and the average frequency of the reference signal and the average frequency of the measurement signal;
s404, calculating a temperature change value through the following formula:
in the formula (2), λ represents an average wavelength, v represents a light wave frequency, and Δ v represents a spectral shift; when the temperature is measured, the influence of a strain factor on the spectral response is not considered, and the temperature is approximately equal to 0; kTAnd KAre temperature and strain calibration constants.
The embodiments of the superconducting bulk temperature rise detection system included in the superconducting bulk temperature rise detection method described in this embodiment have been described, and therefore, details are not described in the method embodiments.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and all the changes or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (9)
1. A superconducting bulk temperature rise detection system, comprising:
the superconducting bulk material (15), the superconducting bulk material (15) is arranged in liquid nitrogen (14), and the superconducting bulk material (15) is arranged above the permanent magnet track (16);
the optical fiber sensor (6) is electrically connected with the modulator (12), the optical fiber sensor (6) is arranged in the superconducting bulk material (15), and the optical fiber sensor (6) receives an optical signal emitted by the modulator (12) and transmits Rayleigh scattered light (7) to the modulator (12); and
a modulator (12), the modulator (12) providing an optical signal, the modulator (12) receiving and processing the rayleigh scattered light (7) generated by the optical fiber sensor (6).
2. The superconducting bulk temperature rise detection system according to claim 1, wherein: the optical fiber sensor (6) is a distributed optical fiber temperature sensor.
3. The superconducting bulk temperature rise detection system according to claim 1, wherein: the lower surface of the superconducting block (15) is provided with a first oval groove and a second oval groove, the second oval groove is embedded in the first oval groove, and the first oval groove and the second oval groove are both provided with the optical fiber sensor (6).
4. The superconducting bulk temperature rise detection system according to claim 1, wherein: the superconducting block (15) is provided with two parallel grooves on the side surface in a surrounding manner, and the optical fiber sensors (6) are arranged in the two grooves.
5. The superconducting bulk temperature rise detection system according to claim 1, wherein: the lower surface of the superconducting block (15) is provided with a plurality of small holes with different depths, and each small hole is internally provided with the optical fiber sensor (6).
6. The superconducting bulk temperature rise detection system according to claim 1, wherein: the side surface of the superconducting block (15) is provided with a plurality of small holes with different depths, and each small hole is internally provided with the optical fiber sensor (6).
7. A temperature rise detection method for a superconducting bulk is characterized by comprising the following steps:
arranging the optical fiber sensor (6) in the superconducting bulk material (15);
the optical fiber sensor (6) is electrically connected with a modulator (12), and the modulator (12) measures the optical fiber sensor (6) for the first time and stores Rayleigh scattering signals of each position and records the Rayleigh scattering signals as reference signals;
when the temperature of the superconducting bulk material (15) changes, the internal refractive index of the optical fiber sensor (6) changes, new Rayleigh scattered light (7) is generated, and a detector (9) in the modulator (12) collects the new Rayleigh scattered light (7) at each position and records the new Rayleigh scattered light as a measurement signal;
and processing the spectral frequency data of the measurement signal and the spectral frequency data of the reference signal to obtain spectral drift, and calculating to obtain a temperature change value through the spectral drift.
8. The superconducting bulk temperature rise detection method according to claim 7, wherein the processing of the measurement signal spectral frequency and the reference signal spectral frequency data comprises:
the adjusting instrument (12) respectively obtains a reference signal spectrum frequency and a measuring signal spectrum frequency;
the value of the spectral shift Δ v is calculated by the following formula:
in formula (1), Uj(v) Representing the spectrum of the reference signal, Uj(v-Δvj) Representing the measured signal spectrum and "+" representing the cross correlation operator.
9. The method of detecting temperature rise in a superconducting bulk according to claim 7, further comprising:
the said mediation appearance (12) obtains the average wavelength and frequency of the reference signal and measuring signal two separately;
the temperature change value is calculated by the following formula:
in the formula (2), λ represents an average wavelength, v represents a light wave frequency, and Δ v represents a spectral shift; when the temperature is measured, the influence of a strain factor on the spectral response is not considered, and the temperature is approximately equal to 0; kTAnd KAre temperature and strain calibration constants.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114487952A (en) * | 2022-04-14 | 2022-05-13 | 安徽中科昊音智能科技有限公司 | Quench detection system and method using acoustic optical fiber |
| CN117537951A (en) * | 2024-01-10 | 2024-02-09 | 西南交通大学 | Method and device for detecting internal temperature rise of superconducting suspension based on deep learning |
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