CN111811682A - Temperature detection system and method for superconducting magnetic suspension device - Google Patents
Temperature detection system and method for superconducting magnetic suspension device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of sensors, in particular to a temperature detection system and method for a superconducting magnetic suspension device. The invention realizes real-time detection of micro temperature change of the superconductor by adhering the superconducting tape to the bottom of the superconducting block, arranging the optical fiber sensor at the bottom of the superconducting block and in the connection mode between the layers of the superconducting tape and taking the distributed optical fiber sensor as measuring equipment. The bottom of the superconducting bulk material and the superconducting strip in the superconducting suspension are used as main temperature detection matrixes, so that the temperature of the whole superconducting suspension can be detected quickly and accurately. The superconducting strip has a plurality of protective base layers, and the suspension force, the guiding force, the damping, the mechanical strength and the thermal stability of the superconducting bulk material are optimized and enhanced. In addition, the number of the test points of the sensor can reach 1500 per meter, temperature values of large-range changes of more key positions of the superconductor can be collected, and detected signals have hysteresis in time as a magnetic suspension system danger quench criterion.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of sensors, in particular to a temperature detection system and method for a superconducting magnetic suspension device.
Background
The superconductive magnetic suspension device train utilizes the magnetic flux pinning property of a superconductive material, when a superconductor with a cold field above a magnet moves relative to the magnet, induction current is generated in the superconductor, and the superconductor generates suspension force and guiding force to realize stable suspension under the interaction of an external magnetic field. The temperature rise detection of the vehicle-mounted superconductor of the high-temperature superconducting magnetic suspension device system, also called quench detection, provides an early signal for early warning protection of system start, and is extremely important. The method is limited by the limitations of a three-dimensional geometric block structure of the superconducting block and a liquid nitrogen background field, in the prior art, a hole is formed in the center of the superconducting block, and the internal temperature of the superconducting block is detected in a mode of installing a platinum resistance sensor or a thermocouple in the hole, so that the working state of the superconductor is judged.
The prior art has more problems: for example, the superconducting structure of the ceramic material is easily damaged by the operations of punching and the like on the superconducting structure in the quench detection. For a high-temperature superconducting magnetic suspension device system, the overall hardness of the punched superconductor is reduced, and the suspension force and the guiding force provided by the superconductor are greatly attenuated, so that the superconductor is not beneficial to practical application. The existing platinum resistor and thermocouple sensors have great difficulty in accurately positioning and measuring key heating points in the superconducting block material due to the limitation of self size and detection precision.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention aims to provide a temperature detection system and method for a superconducting magnetic suspension device, so as to improve the above problems. In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
on one hand, the embodiment of the application provides a temperature detection system of a superconducting magnetic suspension device, which comprises a superconducting bulk material, a first stacked superconducting strip material, an optical fiber sensor and a mediator; a first stacked superconducting tape is arranged at the bottom of the superconducting bulk material, the top of the first stacked superconducting tape is in contact with the bottom of the superconducting bulk material, and the first stacked superconducting tape is arranged above the permanent magnet track; the optical fiber sensors are arranged between the layers of the superconducting bulk material (3) in contact with the first stacked superconducting tape (40) and between the layers of the first stacked superconducting tape (40), and are electrically connected with the regulating instrument, receive optical signals sent by the regulating instrument and transmit Rayleigh back scattering light to the regulating instrument; the modulator provides light signals, and receives and processes Rayleigh back scattering light generated by the optical fiber sensor.
Optionally, the superconducting bulk material includes a plurality of superconductors, each of which is a first superconductor, a second superconductor, a third superconductor, a fourth superconductor and a fifth superconductor, which are sequentially arranged, and the height of the third superconductor arranged in the center is greater than the height of the superconductors on two sides of the third superconductor.
Alternatively, the superconducting bulk material is fixedly connected with the first stacked superconducting tape at the bottom thereof, and may be fixedly connected by using a low-temperature adhesive tape.
Optionally, the first stacked superconducting tape is sheet-shaped, and the optical fiber sensor is an optical fiber distributed temperature sensor.
Optionally, the top of the bulk superconductor material comprises a second stacked superconductor tape and a third stacked superconductor tape, the second stacked superconductor tape is disposed above the first superconductor and the second superconductor, the third stacked superconductor tape is disposed above the fourth superconductor and the fifth superconductor, and the tops of the second stacked superconductor tape and the third stacked superconductor tape are at the same level as the top of the third superconductor.
Optionally, the first stacked superconducting tape is provided with a plurality of layers, and a plurality of rows of the optical fiber sensors are arranged between the layers of the first stacked superconducting tape.
On the other hand, the embodiment of the application provides a temperature detection method for a superconducting magnetic suspension device, which comprises the following steps: arranging a first stacked superconducting tape at the bottom of the superconducting bulk, and arranging optical fiber sensors between the layers of the superconducting bulk and the first stacked superconducting tape in contact and between the layers of the first stacked superconducting tape;
electrically connecting the optical fiber sensor with the mediation instrument, and carrying out first measurement on the optical fiber sensor by the mediation instrument and storing Rayleigh backscattering signals as reference signals; when the temperature of the first stacked super-conduction band material changes, the spectrum of scattered light in the optical fiber sensor shifts, and a detector in the modulator collects Rayleigh back scattered light and records the Rayleigh back scattered light as a measurement signal;
and processing the spectral frequency data of the measurement signal and the spectral frequency data of the reference signal to obtain spectral drift, and calculating to obtain a temperature change value through the spectral drift.
Optionally, the processing the measurement signal spectral frequency and the reference signal spectral frequency data includes: the adjusting instrument respectively obtains the spectrum frequency of the reference signal and the spectrum frequency of the measuring signal; the value of the spectral shift Δ v is calculated by the following formula:
in formula (1), Uj(v) Representing the spectrum of the reference signal, Uj(v-Δvj) Representing the measured signal spectrum and "+" representing the cross correlation operator.
Optionally, the modulator obtains the average wavelength and frequency of both the reference signal and the measurement signal, respectively; the temperature change value is calculated by the following formula:
in the formula (2), λ represents an average wavelength, v represents a light wave frequency, and Δ v represents a spectral shift; when the temperature is measured, the influence of a strain factor on the spectral response is not considered, and the temperature is approximately equal to 0; kTAnd KAre temperature and strain calibration constants.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention realizes real-time detection of micro temperature change of the superconductor by adhering the superconducting tape to the bottom of the superconducting block, arranging the optical fiber sensor at the bottom of the superconducting block and in the connection mode between the layers of the superconducting tape and taking the distributed optical fiber sensor as measuring equipment. The tunable laser source generates an optical signal, the optical signal is divided into a reference wave 10 and a signal wave 11 through the 3dB coupler, the signal wave 11 enters the optical fiber sensor through the coupler, when the temperature changes, the optical fiber sensor deforms, the internal refractive index slightly changes, random Rayleigh scattered light is generated, and the detector receives and collects the Rayleigh scattered light. Compared with the initial state, the Rayleigh scattering spectra in the two states generate drift, and the corresponding relation between the spectrum drift amount and the temperature can be obtained through correlation calculation. The invention takes the stacked superconducting tapes in the superconducting tape-block mixed suspension as the main temperature detection matrix, can quickly and accurately detect the temperature of the whole superconducting suspension as a judgment signal of dangerous quench. The stacked superconducting strip also has a plurality of protective base layers, so that the suspension force, the guiding force, the damping, the mechanical strength and the thermal stability of the superconducting bulk material are optimized and enhanced. In addition, the number of test points of the sensor can reach 1500 per meter, temperature values of large-scale changes of more key positions of the superconductor can be collected, and detected signals have hysteresis in time as a magnetic suspension system danger quench criterion.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by the practice of the embodiments of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a temperature detection system of a superconducting magnetic levitation device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a high temperature stacked superconducting tape-bulk suspension configuration according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the optical fiber sensor according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a stacked superconducting tape-bulk hybrid suspension distributed optical fiber inspection according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a flow chart of temperature detection of the superconducting magnetic levitation device according to the embodiment of the invention.
The labels in the figure are: 1. a computer; 2. adjusting the instrument; 3. a superconducting bulk material; 40. a first stack of superconducting tapes; 41. a second stack of superconducting tapes; 42. a third stack of superconducting tapes; 5. an optical fiber sensor; 6. a permanent magnet track; 7. rayleigh back-scattered light; 8. a tunable laser source; 9. a 3dB coupler; 12. a polarization controller; 13. a detector; 14. an analog-to-digital converter.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures. Meanwhile, in the description of the present invention, the terms "first", "second", and the like are used only for distinguishing the description, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In one aspect, as shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a superconducting magnetic levitation device temperature detection system, which includes a bulk superconductor 3, a first stacked superconducting tape 40, a second stacked superconducting tape 41, a third stacked superconducting tape 42, an optical fiber sensor 5, and a modulator 2; the first stacked superconducting tape 40 is arranged at the bottom of the superconducting bulk material 3, the top of the first stacked superconducting tape 40 is in contact with the bottom of the superconducting bulk material 3, and the first stacked superconducting tape 40 is arranged above the permanent magnet track 6; the optical fiber sensor 5 is arranged between the layers of the superconducting bulk material 3, which are in contact with the first stacked superconducting tapes 40, and between the layers of the first stacked superconducting tapes 40, the optical fiber sensor 5 is electrically connected with the modulator 2, receives an optical signal sent by the modulator 2, and transmits Rayleigh back scattering light 7 to the modulator 2; the modulator 2 provides an optical signal and receives and processes rayleigh backscattered light 7 generated by the fiber sensor 5.
Alternatively, as shown in fig. 2, the superconducting bulk material 3 includes a plurality of superconductors, each of which is a first superconductor, a second superconductor, a third superconductor, a fourth superconductor and a fifth superconductor, which are arranged in sequence, wherein the height of the third superconductor arranged in the center is greater than the height of the superconductors on both sides; the a-b surfaces of the first superconductor, the second superconductor, the fourth superconductor and the fifth superconductor can be arranged to be vertical to the z axis, and the a-b surface of the third superconductor is parallel to the z axis.
Alternatively, as shown in fig. 4, the bulk superconductor 3 is fixedly connected to the first stacked superconducting tape 40 at the bottom thereof, and the stacked superconducting tapes can be fixed by using a low temperature adhesive tape, and then adhered to the bulk superconductor 3 to be packaged into a whole, so as to form a whole stacked superconducting tape-bulk mixed suspension; when the mixed suspension body runs along the extension direction of the permanent magnet track, because of the existence of track irregularity, especially under the condition of high speed, heat loss is generated inside the superconducting bulk material 3 and the stacked superconducting tapes, while the first stacked superconducting tape 40 is located closer to the permanent magnet track, the magnetic field amplitude is larger, the magnetic field fluctuation frequency is larger, so that the heat loss of the first stacked superconducting tape 40 is earlier and larger, and the heat loss is transmitted to the surface of the stacked superconducting tape in a very short time by the sheet-shaped tape, and the temperature of the surface of the tape can be rapidly detected by the optical fiber sensor.
Optionally, the first stacked superconducting tape 40 is in a sheet shape, and the optical fiber sensor 5 is an optical fiber distributed temperature sensor; because the optical fiber sensor 5 is extremely small in size, the structural size intervention on the stacked superconducting tape-bulk material mixed suspension is very small; the stacked superconducting tapes have multiple protective substrate layers, such as metallic materials like copper, silver protective layers, etc., which can act as eddy current dampers in a suspension system: materials such as the base layer silver of the strip and the like act with a magnetic field to generate repulsion force, so that the suspension force is enhanced; when the mixed suspension is relaxed, the eddy current damper disappears from the field, the magnetic fields of the superconductive mixed suspension are basically the same, and the suspension undergoes larger magnetic field change when the eddy current damper exists, so that the stable suspension force is larger.
Optionally, the top of the superconducting bulk material 3 comprises a second stacked superconducting tape 41 and a third stacked superconducting tape 42, the second stacked superconducting tape 41 is disposed above the first superconductor and the second superconductor, the third stacked superconducting tape 42 is disposed above the fourth superconductor and the fifth superconductor, and the tops of the second stacked superconducting tape 41 and the third stacked superconducting tape 42 are at the same level as the top of the third superconductor; because the superconducting bulk material 3 is brittle and is a brittle material, and the stacked superconducting tapes have good mechanical strength and performance, the stacked superconducting bulk material 3 can be protected.
Optionally, as shown in fig. 4, the first stacked superconducting tape 40 is provided with multiple layers, multiple rows of the optical fiber sensors 5 are arranged between the layers of the first stacked superconducting tape 40, the design structure of the stacked superconducting tape-bulk mixed suspension is convenient and variable, and the size of the superconducting bulk and the number of the stacked superconducting tape layers are adjusted according to the suspension force and the guiding force index actually required by the magnetic suspension system; setting the number of the optical fiber sensors 5 according to the range size of the superconductor to be detected; the first stacked superconducting tape 40 may be provided in 4 layers, and 4 columns of grating sensors may be implanted between each layer of the stacked superconducting tapes; since the common dimensions of the bulk superconductor are 64mm long x 32mm wide x 13mm thick and the dimensions of the stacked superconductor tape are chosen to be 10mm wide, the sampling interval is designed as follows: 2.6mm and a frequency of 62 Hz; the superconducting bulk material and the superconducting bulk material 3 are YBaCuO materials, and the heat loss of the superconducting bulk material and the superconducting bulk material has similarity, so the state of the superconducting bulk material 3 can be indirectly judged by using the detected temperature signal of the first stacked superconducting tape 40 and used as the criterion for the dangerous quench of the magnetic suspension system; when the detected temperature of the strip material meets the condition of dangerous quench, for example, the temperature is artificially defined to be higher than 85K, namely the inflection point of the dangerous quench, the magnetic suspension train starts to decelerate, the refrigeration efficiency is improved, and the like, so that the superconductor is ensured to be in a superconducting state, and the suspension force and the guiding force required by the train are ensured.
On the other hand, as shown in fig. 3 and 5, the present embodiment provides a superconducting magnetic levitation device temperature detection method including step S10, step S20, step S30, and step S40.
S10, arranging a first stacked superconducting tape 40 at the bottom of the superconducting bulk material 3, and arranging an optical fiber sensor 5 at the position between layers of the superconducting bulk material 3, which are in contact with the first stacked superconducting tape 40, and between the layers of the first stacked superconducting tape 40;
s20, electrically connecting the optical fiber sensor 5 with the adjusting instrument 2, and carrying out first measurement on the optical fiber sensor 5 and storing Rayleigh backscattering signals by the adjusting instrument 2 to be recorded as reference signals;
step S30, when the temperature of the first stacked superconducting tape 40 changes, the spectrum of scattered light in the optical fiber sensor 5 drifts, and a detector in the modulator 2 collects Rayleigh back scattered light 7 and records the Rayleigh back scattered light as a measurement signal;
and S40, processing the spectral frequency data of the measurement signal and the spectral frequency data of the reference signal to obtain spectral drift, and calculating to obtain a temperature change value through the spectral drift.
Optionally, the step S40 includes a step S401 and a step S402.
S401, the adjusting instrument 2 respectively obtains a reference signal spectrum frequency and a measurement signal spectrum frequency;
s402, calculating a numerical value of the spectral drift delta v through the following formula:
in formula (1), Uj(v) Representing the spectrum of the reference signal, Uj(v-Δvj) Representing the measured signal spectrum and "+" representing the cross correlation operator.
Optionally, the step S40 further includes step S403 and step S404.
S403, the adjusting instrument 2 respectively obtains the average wavelength and the average frequency of the reference signal and the average frequency of the measurement signal;
s404, calculating a temperature change value through the following formula:
in the formula (2), λ represents an average wavelength, v represents a light wave frequency, and Δ v represents a spectral shift; when the temperature is measured, the influence of a strain factor on the spectral response is not considered, and the temperature is approximately equal to 0; kTAnd KAre temperature and strain calibration constants.
The embodiments of the superconducting magnetic levitation device temperature detection system included in the superconducting magnetic levitation device temperature detection method described in this embodiment have been described, and therefore, detailed descriptions are omitted in the method embodiments.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and all the changes or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (9)
1. A temperature detection system of a superconducting magnetic suspension device is characterized by comprising
A superconducting bulk material (3);
a first stacked superconducting tape (40), the first stacked superconducting tape (40) being disposed at the bottom of the bulk superconductor (3), the top of the first stacked superconducting tape (40) being in contact with the bottom of the bulk superconductor (3), the first stacked superconducting tape (40) being disposed above a permanent magnet track (6);
the optical fiber sensor (5), the optical fiber sensor (5) is arranged between the layers of the first superconducting bulk material (3) in contact with the first stacked superconducting tape (40) and between the layers of the first stacked superconducting tape (40), the optical fiber sensor (5) is electrically connected with the modulator (2), receives the optical signal sent by the modulator (2), and transmits Rayleigh back scattering light (7) to the modulator (2); and
a modulator (2), the modulator (2) providing an optical signal, receiving and processing the rayleigh backscattered light (7) generated by the optical fiber sensor (5).
2. The superconducting magnetic levitation device temperature detection system as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the superconducting block material (3) comprises a plurality of superconductors, namely a first superconductor, a second superconductor, a third superconductor, a fourth superconductor and a fifth superconductor which are sequentially arranged, wherein the height of the third superconductor arranged in the center is larger than that of the superconductors on two sides.
3. The superconducting magnetic levitation device temperature detection system as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the superconducting bulk material (3) is fixedly connected with a first stacked superconducting tape (40) at the bottom of the superconducting bulk material.
4. The superconducting magnetic levitation device temperature detection system as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the first stacked superconducting tape (40) is sheet-shaped, and the optical fiber sensor (5) is an optical fiber distributed temperature sensor.
5. The superconducting magnetic levitation device temperature detection system as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: the top of the superconducting bulk material (3) comprises a second stacked superconducting tape (41) and a third stacked superconducting tape (42), the second stacked superconducting tape (41) is arranged above the first superconductor and the second superconductor, the third stacked superconducting tape (42) is arranged above the fourth superconductor and the fifth superconductor, and the tops of the second stacked superconducting tape (41) and the third stacked superconducting tape (42) are on the same level with the top of the third superconductor.
6. The superconducting magnetic levitation device temperature detection system as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the first stacked superconducting tape (40) is provided with a plurality of layers, and a plurality of rows of the optical fiber sensors (5) are arranged among the layers of the first stacked superconducting tape (40).
7. A temperature detection method of a superconducting magnetic suspension device is characterized by comprising the following steps:
arranging a first stacked superconducting tape (40) at the bottom of the superconducting bulk material (3), and arranging an optical fiber sensor (5) at the position between the layers of the superconducting bulk material (3) in contact with the first stacked superconducting tape (40) and between the layers of the first stacked superconducting tape (40);
the optical fiber sensor (5) is electrically connected with the adjusting instrument (2), and the adjusting instrument (2) is used for measuring the optical fiber sensor (5) for the first time and storing Rayleigh backscattering signals as reference signals;
when the temperature of the first stacked superconducting tape (40) changes, the spectrum of scattered light in the optical fiber sensor (5) shifts, and a detector in the modulator (2) collects Rayleigh back scattered light (7) and records the Rayleigh back scattered light as a measurement signal;
and processing the spectral frequency data of the measurement signal and the spectral frequency data of the reference signal to obtain spectral drift, and calculating to obtain a temperature change value through the spectral drift.
8. The method for detecting the temperature of the superconducting magnetic levitation device as recited in claim 7, wherein the processing the data of the spectral frequency of the measurement signal and the spectral frequency of the reference signal comprises:
the adjusting instrument (2) respectively obtains a reference signal spectrum frequency and a measuring signal spectrum frequency;
the value of the spectral shift Δ v is calculated by the following formula:
in formula (1), Uj(v) Representing the spectrum of the reference signal, Uj(v-Δvj) Representing the measured signal spectrum and "+" representing the cross correlation operator.
9. The superconducting magnetic levitation device temperature detection method as recited in claim 7, further comprising:
the modulator (2) respectively obtains the average wavelength and frequency of the reference signal and the measurement signal;
the temperature change value is calculated by the following formula:
in the formula (2), λ represents an average wavelength, v represents a light wave frequency, and Δ v represents a spectral shift; when the temperature is measured, the influence of a strain factor on the spectral response is not considered, and the temperature is approximately equal to 0; kTAnd KAre temperature and strain calibration constants.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN117537951A (en) * | 2024-01-10 | 2024-02-09 | 西南交通大学 | Method and device for detecting internal temperature rise of superconducting suspension based on deep learning |
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