CN111811065A - Negative pressure desorption type dehumidification and detoxification process for clean fresh air system - Google Patents
Negative pressure desorption type dehumidification and detoxification process for clean fresh air system Download PDFInfo
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- CN111811065A CN111811065A CN202010618576.XA CN202010618576A CN111811065A CN 111811065 A CN111811065 A CN 111811065A CN 202010618576 A CN202010618576 A CN 202010618576A CN 111811065 A CN111811065 A CN 111811065A
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- fresh air
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
- F24F3/12—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling
- F24F3/14—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification
- F24F3/1411—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification by absorbing or adsorbing water, e.g. using an hygroscopic desiccant
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
- B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/26—Drying gases or vapours
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
- F24F13/28—Arrangement or mounting of filters
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
- B01D2259/40—Further details for adsorption processes and devices
- B01D2259/40083—Regeneration of adsorbents in processes other than pressure or temperature swing adsorption
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
- F24F3/12—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling
- F24F3/14—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification
- F24F2003/144—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification by dehumidification only
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Drying Of Gases (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a negative pressure desorption type dehumidification and detoxification process for a clean fresh air system, wherein fresh air is introduced into a shell of an air processor from the outside and then flows through an adsorbent cage capable of adsorbing water vapor and toxic and harmful gases under normal pressure, after the adsorbent of the cage is saturated, the adsorbent is sent into a negative pressure tank for desorption and desorption, a vacuum pump discharges the adsorbed water vapor and the toxic and harmful gases to the outside, and the desorbed adsorbent is sent back to the cage of a fresh air flow channel again to continuously absorb moisture and detoxify. The invention can keep the clean fresh air system running under the dry working condition, ensures the sanitary effect, realizes energy-saving running and greatly reduces the investment cost and the running cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of clean fresh air treatment, and particularly relates to a negative pressure desorption type dehumidification and detoxification process for a clean fresh air system. In particular to a fresh air dehumidifying and detoxifying treatment device applied to a clean fresh air system, which utilizes the change of the adsorption capacity of an adsorbent to toxic and harmful gases such as water vapor, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen dioxide and the like in the pressure swing process to realize the dehumidification and detoxification treatment of fresh air.
Background
In the rooms of public buildings and industrial buildings such as hospital operating rooms, ICU wards, biological laboratories, clean workshops and the like, continuous clean fresh air needs to be provided, and in the process flow of preparing the clean fresh air, moisture content needs to be controlled and toxic and harmful gases need to be removed.
In humid climates, dehumidification is required to control the moisture content of fresh air. Currently, there are three main ways to perform dehumidification treatment: condensation dehumidification, solution dehumidification and rotary wheel dehumidification.
Solution dehumidification and runner dehumidification are applied to clean fresh air processing systems and are limited due to the fact that equipment size is large, building space is occupied, equipment investment cost and operating cost are high, and the like. At present, a clean fresh air system mainly adopts a condensation dehumidification mode of an external cold source.
Condensation dehumidification of external cold source: the method is to use low-temperature refrigerants (freezing water, refrigerant and the like) to pass through a coil of a surface air cooler to reduce the temperature of wet air contacting with the surface air cooler so that the wet air reaches a saturated state (dew point temperature), and then water vapor in the air is condensed and separated out to perform dehumidification. After the air is cooled by the surface air cooler, the temperature and the moisture content of the treated air are both reduced to reach a saturated state (dew point temperature), and the fresh air temperature is generally below 13 ℃. Generally, in order to meet the requirement of indoor temperature control parameters of buildings (generally 20-26 ℃), reheating treatment is needed after condensation and dehumidification.
The condensation dehumidification mode of external cold source has following problem: the temperature is far lower than the indoor set temperature after the fresh air is dehumidified, the low fresh air temperature means that huge energy (generally electric energy) is consumed to prepare low-temperature fresh air (13 ℃), only a small part of cold energy is used for condensing water vapor in the fresh air, and after the fresh air is subjected to enthalpy reduction dehumidification treatment, the temperature of fresh air supply is low, the defects that pipelines and air ports are prone to dewing and the like exist, the clean fresh air needs to be reheated at the moment, and the reheating process needs huge energy (electric energy or heat energy) to provide heat for the clean fresh air. Because liquid water appears in the dehumidification treatment process, a humid environment is formed at the local part of the air duct, various germs are easy to breed, and the air quality and the sanitary condition are reduced.
With the continuous development of economy and the increasing global industrialization degree, serious pollution is caused to the atmosphere, and toxic and harmful gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2), Nitric Oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), sulfur dioxide (SO2) and the like in outdoor air are greatly increased; the general method of detoxification of the fresh air system of the clean room at present adopts activated carbon filtration, and the detoxification technical route has certain defects: firstly, the dust holding capacity is small, the active carbon needs to be replaced frequently, and the pollution degree of the active carbon is difficult to judge, so that the using amount of the active carbon is increased, and the workload of maintenance personnel is increased; secondly, the filtration resistance is large, and the energy consumption of the clean fresh air system is higher.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides a negative pressure desorption type dehumidification and detoxification process for a clean fresh air system, which adopts a new process method, adopts an adsorbent capable of adsorbing water vapor and toxic and harmful gases, adsorbs the water vapor and the toxic and harmful gases in the fresh air under the normal pressure working condition, desorbs the adsorbed water vapor and the toxic and harmful gases under the negative pressure working condition and exhausts the desorbed water vapor and the toxic and harmful gases out of the room, thereby realizing the dehumidification and detoxification functions in the clean fresh air treatment process, keeping the clean fresh air system to operate under the dry working condition, ensuring the sanitation effect of the system, saving energy, and greatly reducing the investment cost and the operating cost.
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a negative pressure desorption type dehumidification and detoxification process for a clean fresh air system, which comprises the following steps:
s1: fresh air is introduced into a shell of the air processor from the outside;
s2: fresh air flows through a box cage filled with an adsorbent, and the fresh air is dehumidified and detoxified;
s3: the box cage filled with the adsorbent leaves the fresh air flow channel and is close to the negative pressure desorption tank;
s4: the adsorbent in the cage is unloaded into a negative pressure desorption tank;
s5: closing a sealing valve of the negative pressure desorption tank, vacuumizing the desorption tank by a vacuum pump, and performing negative pressure desorption on the adsorbent;
s6: stopping the vacuum pump, opening the sealing valve, and returning the adsorbent to the cage;
s7: the cage returns to the air duct; continuously dehumidifying and detoxifying the fresh air;
s8: the fresh air after being dehumidified and detoxified flows out of the shell and is subjected to other subsequent treatments;
preferably, the steps of S2-S6 can be divided into two parallel identical processes, alternately rotating, i.e., one process is in the step S2, and the other process is in the step S3-S6. Therefore, the system can ensure that one process is in a dehumidification and detoxification state for the fresh air, and realizes continuous dehumidification and detoxification of the fresh air.
Preferably, the pressure during adsorption of the dehumidification and detoxification box cage is 0.9 to 1.1 atmospheric pressure (normal pressure), and the pressure during desorption and desorption of the negative pressure desorption tank is 0.2 to 0.6 atmospheric pressure (negative pressure).
Preferably, the adsorbent is wrapped in spherical cavities made of metal materials with meshes, the diameter of each spherical cavity is 15-40 mm, and each group of the dehumidifying and detoxifying units is matched with hundreds of mesh balls filled with the adsorbent.
Preferably, the adsorbent is a mixture of 3A molecular sieve and 13X molecular sieve, the volume mixing ratio of the two materials being 1: 1.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a condensation dehumidification method of an external cooling source in the prior art.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the process flow of the negative pressure desorption type dehumidification and detoxification process of the invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the dehumidification detoxification box cage of the present invention.
Figure 4 is a schematic view of an adsorbent sphere of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure:
1, an outdoor fresh air inlet; 2, a blower; 3, air processor shell; 4, vacuum pump No. one;
5, a vacuum pipeline; no. 6, No. one tank bottom sealing valve; no. 7, a desorption tank; no. 8, No. one can top sealing valve;
9, positioning the shaft by one; 10, a hoisting machine; a hoist number two; 12, a positioning shaft II;
13, case two; a two-gauge can top sealing valve; 15, a double cage bottom shutoff valve; 16, a desorption tank;
a No. two tank bottom sealing valve; 18, vacuum line ii; 19, vacuum pump two; 20, an outlet air valve;
21, a fresh air outlet; 22, station two; 23, case two; 24, a cage bottom shutoff valve;
25, one station
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings. The techniques or products not mentioned in the examples are all conventional products which are available in the prior art or can be obtained by purchase.
As shown in fig. 5, according to the negative pressure desorption type dehumidification and detoxification process for the clean fresh air system, 2 sets of dehumidification and detoxification units are arranged in a channel through which fresh air flows, and each set of dehumidification and detoxification unit comprises one cage 13(23), one elevator 10(11), one negative pressure desorption tank 7(16), one vacuum pump 4(19) and one set of matched valve pipelines. The height and width of the windward section of the fresh air channel are 700mm and 800mm respectively, the height, width and thickness of the box cage 13(23) are 600mm, 700mm and 100mm respectively, the box cage wall plate is made of a porous stainless steel plate, the aperture is 10mm, a circular hole with the diameter of 50mm is formed in the top plate of the box cage and is connected with a communicating connecting pipe and a flange, a circular hole with the diameter of 50mm is formed in the bottom plate of the box cage and is connected with a pipeline flange, and a shut-off valve 15(24) is arranged on a pipeline communicated with the bottom plate. The negative pressure desorption tank 7(16) is fixed above the fresh air flow channel and is of a cylindrical structure, the diameter of the tank body is 500mm, the height of the tank body is 450mm, the top plate and the bottom plate are respectively provided with a circular hole with the diameter of 50mm and connected with the communicating connecting pipe and the flange, the pipelines are respectively provided with a sealing valve 6, 8, 14 and 17, and the vacuum negative pressure state in the tank body of the negative pressure desorption tank 7(16) can be maintained after the sealing valves 6, 8, 14 and 17 are closed; the side wall of the tank body is provided with one circular hole with the diameter of 8mm and is connected and communicated with a vacuum pump 4(19), and the vacuum pump 4(19) is fixed outside the shell of the fresh air flow channel. Each group of cages 13(23) is provided with a positioning shaft 9(12) for limiting the cage to move only in the height direction, the upper end and the lower end of the positioning shaft 9(12) are respectively fixed on the top plate and the bottom plate of the air duct shell 3, the cages 13(23) can move up and down along the positioning shaft 9(12), and the top plate of the air duct shell is externally provided with a lifter 10(11) for lifting and descending the cages.
The flow of the device during operation is as follows: fresh air is led into a shell 3 of the air processor from the outside, flows through a first dehumidification and detoxification station 25, is subjected to a dehumidification and detoxification function by a first box cage 23 of the first box cage 25, is dehumidified by an adsorbent 26 in the first box cage 23 and is used for removing toxic and harmful gases, and then flows through a second dehumidification and detoxification station 22, the second box cage 13 of the second box cage 22 is positioned above an air duct, the dehumidification and detoxification operation is not performed at the position, the fresh air can pass through the second box cage 22 without obstruction, then flows out of the shell 3, enters subsequent processes such as temperature adjustment and filtration, and is subjected to next-step processing, so that the requirement of the indoor environment on clean fresh air is met.
After the operation time of the No. one box cage 13 reaches 40 minutes, the No. two box cage 23 descends to the No. two station 22 in the fresh air flow channel to perform the function of absorbing water vapor and toxic and harmful gases; and meanwhile, the No. one box cage 13 is lifted to reach the upper part of the No. one negative pressure desorption tank 7, the discharge opening at the bottom of the No. one box cage 13 is opened, the sealing valve 8 at the top of the No. one negative pressure desorption tank 7 is opened, the adsorbent 26 in the box cage 13 falls into the No. one negative pressure desorption tank 7, then the sealing valves 8 and 6 at the top and the bottom of the No. one negative pressure desorption tank 13 are closed, the No. one vacuum pump 4 communicated with the inside of the No. one negative pressure desorption tank 7 is started, water vapor and toxic and harmful gas attached to the inside of the adsorbent 26 in the No. one negative pressure desorption tank 7 are extracted to the outside, and the pressure in the negative pressure desorption tank 7 is maintained to be 0.05MPa (absolute pressure). When desorption proceeded for 30 minutes, the vacuum pump 4 was stopped. Then waiting for 10 minutes, the elevator 10 moves, the box cage 23 falls to the station I in the fresh air channel below the negative pressure desorption tank 7, the sealing valves 8 and 6 at the top and the bottom of the negative pressure desorption tank I are opened, the adsorbent 26 desorbed in the tank falls into the box cage 23I, and the box cage 23I starts the dehumidification and detoxification operation of the second period.
The adsorption box cage 23, the negative pressure desorption tank 7, the vacuum pump 4 and the elevator 10 of the dehumidification and detoxification unit II and the adsorption box cage 13, the negative pressure desorption tank 16, the vacuum pump 19 and the elevator 11 of the dehumidification and detoxification unit II alternately act to alternately perform dehumidification and detoxification operation, and continuous dehumidification and detoxification treatment is performed on fresh air.
While the present invention has been described with reference to the above embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. A negative pressure desorption type dehumidification and detoxification process for a clean fresh air system is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: fresh air is introduced into a shell (3) of the air processor from the outside;
s2: fresh air flows through a box cage (23) filled with an adsorbent, and the fresh air is dehumidified and detoxified;
s3: the box cage (23) filled with the adsorbent (26) leaves the fresh air flow channel and is close to the negative pressure desorption tank (7);
s4: the adsorbent (26) in the box cage (23) is unloaded into the negative pressure desorption tank (7);
s5: sealing valves (6, 8) of the negative pressure desorption tank (7) are closed, the vacuum pump (4) vacuumizes the desorption tank (7) and carries out negative pressure desorption on the adsorbent (26);
s6: stopping the vacuum pump (4), opening the sealing valves (6, 8), and returning the adsorbent (26) to the tank cage (23);
s7: the box cage (23) returns to the air duct; continuously dehumidifying and detoxifying the fresh air;
s8: the fresh air after being dehumidified and detoxified flows out of the shell to be subjected to other subsequent treatments.
2. The negative pressure desorption type dehumidification and detoxification process for the clean fresh air system according to claim 1, wherein the process comprises the following steps: the steps of S2-S6 are divided into two parallel identical processes, and alternate, i.e., one process is in the step of S2, and the other process is in the step of S3-S6. Therefore, the system can ensure that one process is in a dehumidification and detoxification state for the fresh air, and realizes continuous dehumidification and detoxification of the fresh air.
3. The negative pressure desorption type dehumidification and detoxification process for the clean fresh air system according to the claims 1 and 2, which is characterized in that: the pressure when the dehumidification and detoxification cage is adsorbed is 0.9-1.1 atmospheric pressure (normal pressure), and the pressure when the negative pressure desorption tank is desorbed is 0.2-0.6 atmospheric pressure (negative pressure).
4. The negative pressure desorption type dehumidification and detoxification process for the clean fresh air system according to the claims 1, 2 and 3, which is characterized in that: the adsorbent is wrapped in a spherical cavity made of metal materials with meshes, the diameter of the spherical cavity is 15-40 mm, and each group of dehumidification and detoxification units is provided with hundreds of mesh spheres filled with the adsorbent.
5. The negative pressure desorption type dehumidification and detoxification process for the clean fresh air system according to the claims 1, 2, 3 and 4, which is characterized in that: the adsorbent is a mixture of 3A molecular sieve and 13X molecular sieve, and the volume mixing ratio of the two substances is 1: 1.
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2024104869A1 (en) * | 2022-11-14 | 2024-05-23 | Volkswagen Ag | Installation for separating carbon dioxide from the ambient air |
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CN1055677A (en) * | 1990-03-29 | 1991-10-30 | 波克股份有限公司 | Air preliminary clearning before separating |
US20120325086A1 (en) * | 2011-06-24 | 2012-12-27 | Schaefer James C | System and method of operation for controlled atmosphere storage |
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CN206008370U (en) * | 2016-08-24 | 2017-03-15 | 韩志军 | Moving-bed type VOC adsorption/desorption purifiers |
CN108644928A (en) * | 2018-05-17 | 2018-10-12 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | A kind of solid adsorption dehumidification device of continuous moisture absorption intermittent regeneration |
CN209263194U (en) * | 2018-10-17 | 2019-08-16 | 重庆三峡学院 | A kind of dehumidification equipment |
CN209459121U (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-10-01 | 陶冶 | Air cleaning unit |
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2020
- 2020-06-30 CN CN202010618576.XA patent/CN111811065A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (8)
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CN1055677A (en) * | 1990-03-29 | 1991-10-30 | 波克股份有限公司 | Air preliminary clearning before separating |
US20120325086A1 (en) * | 2011-06-24 | 2012-12-27 | Schaefer James C | System and method of operation for controlled atmosphere storage |
US20140260989A1 (en) * | 2013-03-14 | 2014-09-18 | Universal Laser Systems, Inc. | Multi-stage air filtration systems and associated apparatuses and methods |
WO2017011447A1 (en) * | 2015-07-13 | 2017-01-19 | Nuvera Fuel Cells, LLC | Pressure swing adsorbers with flow regulation by orifices |
CN206008370U (en) * | 2016-08-24 | 2017-03-15 | 韩志军 | Moving-bed type VOC adsorption/desorption purifiers |
CN108644928A (en) * | 2018-05-17 | 2018-10-12 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | A kind of solid adsorption dehumidification device of continuous moisture absorption intermittent regeneration |
CN209263194U (en) * | 2018-10-17 | 2019-08-16 | 重庆三峡学院 | A kind of dehumidification equipment |
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WO2024104869A1 (en) * | 2022-11-14 | 2024-05-23 | Volkswagen Ag | Installation for separating carbon dioxide from the ambient air |
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