CN111810467A - Liquid pressure controller with replaceable measuring range - Google Patents
Liquid pressure controller with replaceable measuring range Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN111810467A CN111810467A CN201910292234.0A CN201910292234A CN111810467A CN 111810467 A CN111810467 A CN 111810467A CN 201910292234 A CN201910292234 A CN 201910292234A CN 111810467 A CN111810467 A CN 111810467A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- pressure
- module
- main piston
- controller
- hydraulic pressure
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B5/00—Transducers converting variations of physical quantities, e.g. expressed by variations in positions of members, into fluid-pressure variations or vice versa; Varying fluid pressure as a function of variations of a plurality of fluid pressures or variations of other quantities
- F15B5/006—Transducers converting variations of physical quantities, e.g. expressed by variations in positions of members, into fluid-pressure variations or vice versa; Varying fluid pressure as a function of variations of a plurality of fluid pressures or variations of other quantities with electrical means, e.g. electropneumatic transducer
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Measuring Fluid Pressure (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of mechanical metering and discloses a liquid pressure controller with a replaceable measuring range. The controller comprises a liquid pressure controller cavity, a pre-pressurizing pump, a one-way valve, a main piston pump, an intelligent pressure module, an oil cup and a driving module, wherein the pre-pressurizing pump is connected with the one-way valve and is arranged in the cavity together with the main piston pump, the oil cup and the intelligent pressure module are connected with the cavity, a working medium in the oil cup is pressurized by the pre-pressurizing pump and then is filled into the cavity through the one-way valve, the intelligent pressure module detects the hydraulic pressure in the cavity in real time, the driving module outputs a signal for controlling the pre-pressurizing pump to stop pressurizing and a signal for controlling the main piston pump to start pressurizing under the condition that the detected hydraulic pressure reaches an initial preset pressure, and the driving module outputs a signal for controlling the pressure regulating speed and the regulating scale of the main piston pump according to the detected hydraulic pressure and a target set pressure so. Therefore, the automatic control of the liquid pressure can be realized, and the working efficiency is greatly improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mechanical metering, in particular to a liquid pressure controller with a replaceable measuring range.
Background
The existing main hydraulic controller is provided with a built-in hydraulic sensor module, and is not detachable, and the pressure control range of the existing main hydraulic controller is fixed and can not be changed. A plurality of hydraulic controllers are required to be arranged according to different hydraulic control ranges in work, so that the work efficiency is seriously influenced, the investment of equipment purchasing funds is increased, and great inconvenience is caused in work. In addition, the hydraulic control needs corresponding operators to control according to the measurement result of the hydraulic sensor module, so that the workload is large and the efficiency is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a liquid pressure controller with replaceable measuring ranges, which can solve the technical problem in the prior art.
The invention provides a liquid pressure controller with replaceable measuring range, which comprises a liquid pressure controller cavity, a prepressing pump, a one-way valve, a main piston pump, an intelligent pressure module, an oil cup and a driving module, wherein the prepressing pump is connected with the one-way valve and is arranged in the liquid pressure controller cavity together with the main piston pump, the oil cup and the intelligent pressure module are connected with the liquid pressure controller cavity, the driving module is connected with the prepressing pump, the one-way valve, the main piston pump and the intelligent pressure module,
the intelligent pressure control system comprises a hydraulic pressure controller, an intelligent pressure module, a driving module and a main piston pump, wherein the hydraulic pressure controller is used for controlling the hydraulic pressure controller to be pressurized, the intelligent pressure module is used for detecting the hydraulic pressure in the hydraulic pressure controller cavity in real time, the driving module is used for outputting a signal for controlling the pre-pressurizing pump to stop pressurizing and a signal for controlling the main piston pump to start pressurizing when the detected hydraulic pressure reaches an initial preset pressure, and the driving module is also used for outputting a signal for controlling the pressure regulating speed and the scale regulation of the main piston pump according to the detected hydraulic pressure and a target set pressure so as to enable the hydraulic pressure in the hydraulic pressure controller cavity to reach the target set pressure.
Preferably, the driving module outputs signals for controlling the pressure regulating speed and the regulating scale of the main piston pump according to the detected hydraulic pressure and the target set pressure so that the hydraulic pressure in the hydraulic pressure controller cavity reaches the target set pressure comprises:
outputting a signal for controlling the pressure regulating speed of the main piston pump to increase at predetermined speed intervals and the scale to increase at predetermined scale intervals in the case where the detected hydraulic pressure is less than the target set pressure;
and outputting a signal for controlling the pressure regulating speed of the main piston pump to decrease at predetermined speed intervals and the scale to decrease at predetermined scale intervals in the case where the detected hydraulic pressure is greater than the target set pressure.
Preferably, the controller further comprises a signal relay module, connected to the driving module, the pre-pressure pump, the check valve and the main piston pump, for converting a control signal output by the driving module into an electrical signal and outputting the electrical signal to the pre-pressure pump, the check valve and the main piston pump.
Preferably, the controller further comprises a communication module, which is arranged between the signal relay module and the driving module and connected with the intelligent pressure module, and the intelligent pressure module and the signal relay module are communicated with the driving module through the communication module.
Preferably, the controller further comprises a display module connected with the driving module and the intelligent pressure module.
Preferably, the display module is a touch display screen.
By the technical scheme, the intelligent pressure module is connected with the cavity of the liquid pressure controller, so that the intelligent pressure module can be replaced, and the requirements of various pressure ranges are met; and the intelligent pressure module can be used for detecting the hydraulic pressure in real time, and then the driving module can control the pre-pressurizing pump and the main piston pump according to the hydraulic pressure detected in real time, so that the hydraulic pressure in the cavity of the hydraulic pressure controller reaches the target set pressure. Therefore, automatic control of the liquid pressure can be realized without manual participation, and the working efficiency is greatly improved.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention. It is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that for a person skilled in the art, other drawings can be derived from them without inventive effort.
Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a range-replaceable liquid pressure controller according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
The relative arrangement of the components and steps, the numerical expressions and numerical values set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention unless specifically stated otherwise. Meanwhile, it should be understood that the sizes of the respective portions shown in the drawings are not drawn in an actual proportional relationship for the convenience of description. Techniques, methods, and apparatus known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail but are intended to be part of the specification where appropriate. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any particular value should be construed as merely illustrative, and not limiting. Thus, other examples of the exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, further discussion thereof is not required in subsequent figures.
Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a range-replaceable liquid pressure controller according to an embodiment of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a hydraulic pressure controller with replaceable measuring ranges, wherein the controller includes a hydraulic pressure controller cavity 10, a pre-pressure pump 12, a check valve 14, a main piston pump 16, an intelligent pressure module 18, an oil cup 20, and a driving module 22, the pre-pressure pump 12 is connected to the check valve 14 and is disposed in the hydraulic pressure controller cavity 10 together with the main piston pump 16, the oil cup 20 and the intelligent pressure module 18 are connected to the hydraulic pressure controller cavity 10, and the driving module 22 is connected to the pre-pressure pump 12, the check valve 14, the main piston pump 16, and the intelligent pressure module 18,
that is, only the pre-pressure pump 12, the check valve 14, and the main piston pump 16 are provided in the hydraulic pressure controller chamber 10. The rest of the component modules are arranged outside the liquid pressure controller cavity 10.
The working medium in the oil cup 2 is pressurized by the pre-pressurizing pump 12 and then is filled into the liquid pressure controller cavity 10 through the check valve 14, the intelligent pressure module 18 is used for detecting the hydraulic pressure in the liquid pressure controller cavity 10 in real time, the driving module 22 is used for outputting a signal for controlling the pre-pressurizing pump 12 to stop pressurizing and a signal for controlling the main piston pump 16 to start pressurizing when the detected hydraulic pressure reaches an initial preset pressure, and the driving module 22 is also used for outputting signals for controlling the pressure regulating speed and the scale regulation of the main piston pump 16 according to the detected hydraulic pressure and a target set pressure so as to enable the hydraulic pressure in the liquid pressure controller cavity 10 to reach the target set pressure.
Wherein the amount of working medium introduced into the oil cup can exceed two thirds of its volume.
By the technical scheme, the intelligent pressure module is connected with the cavity of the liquid pressure controller, so that the intelligent pressure module can be replaced, and the requirements of various pressure ranges are met; and the intelligent pressure module can be used for detecting the hydraulic pressure in real time, and then the driving module can control the pre-pressurizing pump and the main piston pump according to the hydraulic pressure detected in real time, so that the hydraulic pressure in the cavity of the hydraulic pressure controller reaches the target set pressure. Therefore, automatic control of the liquid pressure can be realized without manual participation, and the working efficiency is greatly improved.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the driving module 22 outputting signals for controlling the pressure regulating speed and the regulating scale of the main piston pump 16 according to the detected hydraulic pressure and the target set pressure to make the hydraulic pressure in the hydraulic pressure controller chamber 10 reach the target set pressure comprises:
outputting a signal that controls the pressure-regulating speed of the master piston pump 16 to increase at predetermined speed intervals and the adjustment scale to increase at predetermined scale intervals in the case where the detected hydraulic pressure is less than the target set pressure;
in the case where the detected hydraulic pressure is greater than the target set pressure, a signal is output that controls the pressure-regulating speed of the master piston pump 16 to decrease at predetermined speed intervals and the adjustment scale to decrease at predetermined scale intervals.
The skilled person can set the predetermined speed interval and the predetermined scale interval according to the actual situation, which is not limited by the present invention.
For example, the predetermined speed interval and the predetermined graduation interval may be set relatively small, i.e. by increasing the adjustment frequency so that the hydraulic pressure in the chamber finally reaches the target set pressure. Thereby, the accuracy and efficiency of the liquid pressure adjustment can be achieved.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the controller further includes a signal relay module 24, connected to the driving module 22, the pre-charge pump 12, the check valve 14 and the main piston pump 16, for converting the control signal output by the driving module 22 into an electrical signal and outputting the electrical signal to the pre-charge pump 12, the check valve 14 and the main piston pump 16 correspondingly.
That is, the signal relay module 24 may convert the control command/instruction output by the driver module 22 into a recognizable electric potential signal for corresponding output to the pre-charge pump 12, the check valve 14, and the master piston pump 16.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the controller further includes a communication module 26 disposed between the signal relay module 24 and the driving module 22 and connected to the intelligent pressure module 18, wherein the intelligent pressure module 18 and the signal relay module 24 communicate with the driving module 22 through the communication module 26.
That is, communication between the intelligent pressure module 18 and the signal relay module 24 and the driver module 22 may be accomplished via a communication module 26.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the controller further comprises a display module 28 connected to the driving module 22 and the intelligent pressure module 18.
Therefore, the pressure value measured by the intelligent pressure module 18 can be displayed by the display module 28, and the control result of the driving module 22 can also be displayed by the display module 28.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the display module 28 is a touch display screen.
The touch display screen is used as a display module, so that the related data in the control process can be displayed, and the related input data can be directly input through the touch display screen. For example, an initial predetermined pressure, a target set pressure, a predetermined speed interval, a predetermined scale interval, and the like may be input through the touch display screen.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the orientation words such as "front, rear, upper, lower, left, right", "lateral, vertical, horizontal" and "top, bottom", etc. are usually based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and in the case of not making a reverse description, these orientation words do not indicate and imply that the device or element being referred to must have a specific orientation or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore, should not be considered as limiting the scope of the present invention; the terms "inner and outer" refer to the inner and outer relative to the profile of the respective component itself.
Spatially relative terms, such as "above … …," "above … …," "above … …," "above," and the like, may be used herein for ease of description to describe one device or feature's spatial relationship to another device or feature as illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if a device in the figures is turned over, devices described as "above" or "on" other devices or configurations would then be oriented "below" or "under" the other devices or configurations. Thus, the exemplary term "above … …" can include both an orientation of "above … …" and "below … …". The device may be otherwise variously oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.
It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", and the like are used to define the components, and are only used for convenience of distinguishing the corresponding components, and the terms have no special meanings unless otherwise stated, and therefore, the scope of the present invention should not be construed as being limited.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A liquid pressure controller with replaceable measuring range is characterized by comprising a liquid pressure controller cavity, a prepressing pump, a one-way valve, a main piston pump, an intelligent pressure module, an oil cup and a driving module, wherein the prepressing pump is connected with the one-way valve and is arranged in the liquid pressure controller cavity together with the main piston pump, the oil cup and the intelligent pressure module are connected with the liquid pressure controller cavity, the driving module is connected with the prepressing pump, the one-way valve, the main piston pump and the intelligent pressure module,
the intelligent pressure control system comprises a hydraulic pressure controller, an intelligent pressure module, a driving module and a main piston pump, wherein the hydraulic pressure controller is used for controlling the hydraulic pressure controller to be pressurized, the intelligent pressure module is used for detecting the hydraulic pressure in the hydraulic pressure controller cavity in real time, the driving module is used for outputting a signal for controlling the pre-pressurizing pump to stop pressurizing and a signal for controlling the main piston pump to start pressurizing when the detected hydraulic pressure reaches an initial preset pressure, and the driving module is also used for outputting a signal for controlling the pressure regulating speed and the scale regulation of the main piston pump according to the detected hydraulic pressure and a target set pressure so as to enable the hydraulic pressure in the hydraulic pressure controller cavity to reach the target set pressure.
2. The controller of claim 1, wherein the drive module outputs signals to control the pressure regulation speed and the regulation scale of the main piston pump to cause the hydraulic pressure in the hydraulic pressure controller chamber to reach the target set pressure based on the detected hydraulic pressure and the target set pressure comprises:
outputting a signal for controlling the pressure-regulating speed of the main piston pump to increase at predetermined speed intervals and the adjustment scale to increase at predetermined scale intervals in the case where the detected hydraulic pressure is less than the target set pressure;
and outputting a signal for controlling the pressure regulating speed of the main piston pump to decrease at predetermined speed intervals and the regulation scale to decrease at predetermined scale intervals in the case where the detected hydraulic pressure is greater than the target set pressure.
3. The controller according to claim 2, further comprising a signal relay module, connected to the driving module, the pre-charge pump, the check valve and the main piston pump, for converting the control signal output by the driving module into an electrical signal and outputting the electrical signal to the pre-charge pump, the check valve and the main piston pump.
4. The controller of claim 3, further comprising a communication module disposed between the signal relay module and the driving module and connected to the intelligent pressure module, wherein the intelligent pressure module and the signal relay module communicate with the driving module through the communication module.
5. The controller of claim 4, further comprising a display module coupled to the driver module and the smart pressure module.
6. The controller of claim 5, wherein the display module is a touch screen display.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910292234.0A CN111810467B (en) | 2019-04-12 | 2019-04-12 | Liquid pressure controller with replaceable measuring range |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910292234.0A CN111810467B (en) | 2019-04-12 | 2019-04-12 | Liquid pressure controller with replaceable measuring range |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN111810467A true CN111810467A (en) | 2020-10-23 |
| CN111810467B CN111810467B (en) | 2022-04-12 |
Family
ID=72844420
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910292234.0A Active CN111810467B (en) | 2019-04-12 | 2019-04-12 | Liquid pressure controller with replaceable measuring range |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN111810467B (en) |
Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2007321663A (en) * | 2006-06-01 | 2007-12-13 | Ckd Corp | Fluid pump and fluid supply system using same |
| CN201306324Y (en) * | 2008-12-12 | 2009-09-09 | 北京联合大学 | Hydraulic power source of ultra high pressure tool |
| CN101629561A (en) * | 2009-08-13 | 2010-01-20 | 浙江海门试压泵厂 | Pressurized type pressure testing pump |
| US20100200085A1 (en) * | 2009-02-10 | 2010-08-12 | Honeywell International Inc. | Hydraulic pressure switch with porous disc as snubbing element |
| CN202811571U (en) * | 2012-08-30 | 2013-03-20 | 中国地质科学院勘探技术研究所 | Supercharged oil cylinder |
| CN204632522U (en) * | 2015-05-05 | 2015-09-09 | 常州苏润机械有限公司 | There is the conservator of automatic pressure regulation function |
| CN206322036U (en) * | 2016-10-12 | 2017-07-11 | 北京康斯特仪表科技股份有限公司 | A kind of pressure control device |
| CN206582199U (en) * | 2017-03-14 | 2017-10-24 | 内蒙古工业大学 | A kind of hydraulic control device of Work machine |
| CN107781153A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2018-03-09 | 北京普源精电科技有限公司 | The method and apparatus and high pressure pump of control system pressure fluctuation |
-
2019
- 2019-04-12 CN CN201910292234.0A patent/CN111810467B/en active Active
Patent Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2007321663A (en) * | 2006-06-01 | 2007-12-13 | Ckd Corp | Fluid pump and fluid supply system using same |
| CN201306324Y (en) * | 2008-12-12 | 2009-09-09 | 北京联合大学 | Hydraulic power source of ultra high pressure tool |
| US20100200085A1 (en) * | 2009-02-10 | 2010-08-12 | Honeywell International Inc. | Hydraulic pressure switch with porous disc as snubbing element |
| CN101629561A (en) * | 2009-08-13 | 2010-01-20 | 浙江海门试压泵厂 | Pressurized type pressure testing pump |
| CN202811571U (en) * | 2012-08-30 | 2013-03-20 | 中国地质科学院勘探技术研究所 | Supercharged oil cylinder |
| CN204632522U (en) * | 2015-05-05 | 2015-09-09 | 常州苏润机械有限公司 | There is the conservator of automatic pressure regulation function |
| CN107781153A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2018-03-09 | 北京普源精电科技有限公司 | The method and apparatus and high pressure pump of control system pressure fluctuation |
| CN206322036U (en) * | 2016-10-12 | 2017-07-11 | 北京康斯特仪表科技股份有限公司 | A kind of pressure control device |
| CN206582199U (en) * | 2017-03-14 | 2017-10-24 | 内蒙古工业大学 | A kind of hydraulic control device of Work machine |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 黄莹: "智能传感器的应用及其发展", 《科技创新与应用》 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN111810467B (en) | 2022-04-12 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN104070539B (en) | The method of the articulated robot possessing air spring and the interior pressure inferring air spring | |
| CN106015139B (en) | The tensile and compression testing machine hydraulic loading system of adoption rate overflow valve Differential Control | |
| CN1938518B (en) | Method for correcting tilt control signal, tilt controller, construction machine | |
| CN104989692B (en) | Compound control-type variable pump and control method thereof | |
| CN102981445B (en) | Intelligent control system and method for coal sampling and sample making machine based on PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) | |
| CN104832412A (en) | Pumping displacement control method, apparatus and system | |
| CN111810467B (en) | Liquid pressure controller with replaceable measuring range | |
| CN201900505U (en) | Hydraulic servo compensating device of spindle system of floor boring-milling machine | |
| JP2018091862A (en) | System and method for regulating and measuring flow | |
| CN205374014U (en) | A testing device for civil aircraft servovalve that brakes | |
| CN207437503U (en) | A kind of hydraulic system tested for oil cylinder top | |
| CN203281784U (en) | Flow control system of forging hydraulic press | |
| CN106956881A (en) | Compressor station apparatus for controlling of lifting, method and compressor station | |
| CN102200010B (en) | Logging underground instrument backup control device | |
| CN103629190A (en) | Method and device for measuring load jittering caused by balance valve mismatching | |
| CN103671310A (en) | Vehicle with solicited carriage descent | |
| CN200946079Y (en) | Multi-point synchronous lifting device | |
| CN103062156A (en) | Flow distribution method and system for load sensing system | |
| CN103624965A (en) | Meter-weight control system of plastic-pipe extruding equipment | |
| CN215811638U (en) | Low return oil pressure constant pressure control system | |
| CN210136409U (en) | Digital control instrument | |
| CN202901469U (en) | Intelligent flow adjusting valve with pressure testing | |
| CN209530933U (en) | A kind of cleaning apparatus with autonomous damper mechanism | |
| CN102985225A (en) | Circuit arrangement for operating a torque wrench or similar | |
| CN109513468A (en) | A kind of cleaning apparatus with autonomous damper mechanism |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |