CN111808216A - Method for extracting hemicellulose from biomass by using eutectic solvent - Google Patents
Method for extracting hemicellulose from biomass by using eutectic solvent Download PDFInfo
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- C08B37/00—Preparation of polysaccharides not provided for in groups C08B1/00 - C08B35/00; Derivatives thereof
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for efficiently separating hemicellulose from a biomass raw material by using a eutectic solvent one-step method, which comprises the following steps: (1) mixing a hydrogen bond acceptor and a hydrogen bond donor to form a eutectic solvent system; (2) mixing a biomass raw material and a eutectic solvent, placing the mixture in a reaction kettle, and reacting to obtain reaction slurry; (3) after the reaction is finished, cooling, adding water, stirring and diluting, then filtering to carry out solid-liquid separation, then slowly dripping into ethanol for precipitation, filtering, washing and drying to obtain the hemicellulose. According to the method, the eutectic solvent is simple to prepare, low in price, stable in property and good in solubility on hemicellulose; the intermediate process of preparing holocellulose by delignification is not needed; the hemicellulose yield is higher; the treatment condition is mild, and the solvent can be recycled, thereby greatly reducing the energy consumption and the cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of biomass refining, and particularly relates to a method for extracting and separating hemicellulose from a biomass raw material by using a eutectic solvent.
Background
Hemicellulose is a heterogeneous glycan composed of different types of pentoses (beta-D-xylose, alpha-L-arabinose), hexoses (beta-D-glucose, beta-D-mannose, alpha-D-galactose, alpha-L-rhamnose and alpha-L-fucose) and uronic acids (alpha-D-glucuronic acid, alpha-D-4-O-methyl-glucuronic acid and alpha-D-galacturonic acid) which, together with cellulose and lignin, constitute the plant cell wall. At present, the utilization rate of hemicellulose is low, for example, in the traditional pulping and papermaking process, the hemicellulose accounting for more than 20% of the mass of a biomass raw material is concentrated and then combusted, but the combustion value of the hemicellulose is low and is only 13.6MJ/kg, so that the resource is greatly wasted and the environment is seriously polluted, and if the hemicellulose is separated firstly and then converted into a biomass product, the added value of the biomass product can be greatly improved. Due to the unique chemical composition and structural characteristics of hemicellulose, the hemicellulose has wide application in the fields of food, biomedicine, agriculture, engineering materials and the like.
The traditional separation method of hemicellulose mainly comprises an alkali method, an organic solvent method, steam explosion, a mechanochemical method and the like. In the alkali extraction method, sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide are usually used as alkali liquor, which can swell cellulose and break the connecting bonds (ester bonds and ether bonds) between hemicellulose and lignin, thereby separating the hemicellulose components. The method has the defects of high alkali consumption, and a two-step method or a multi-step method (firstly, lignin is removed to obtain holocellulose, and then, alkali extraction is carried out to obtain hemicellulose) is usually adopted to obtain high-yield hemicellulose. When the organic solvent method is adopted, lignin can be well removed from the biomass raw material, and hemicellulose can be dissolved out. For example, dimethyl sulfoxide is a common organic solvent, and the extracted hemicellulose retains a relatively intact structure. However, the organic solvent method has the disadvantages of low hemicellulose yield, and most of the solvents have toxicity, thus being harmful to human health and causing environmental pollution. Steam explosion is an environmentally friendly method for extracting hemicellulose, which can crack lignified cell walls in biomass raw materials, thereby dissolving out partial depolymerized hemicellulose. The method has higher requirements on temperature and pressure conditions according to different raw materials, and can obviously improve the yield of the hemicellulose by combining a pretreatment means and a chemical method. The common mechanochemical method mainly comprises ultrasonic extraction and the like, mainly utilizes the cavitation effect of ultrasonic waves in a liquid medium to accelerate molecular chain fracture so as to promote the dissolution of hemicellulose, and is usually combined with a chemical method to extract the hemicellulose.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the problems and defects existing in the extraction of hemicellulose at present, the invention aims to provide a method for efficiently separating the hemicellulose from a biomass raw material by using a eutectic solvent one-step method, wherein the separation method has the advantages of low cost, simple process, low energy consumption, environmental friendliness and capability of effectively separating the hemicellulose. The separation method comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing a hydrogen bond acceptor and a hydrogen bond donor according to a certain molar ratio, and heating and stirring until a uniform and transparent eutectic solvent system is formed;
(2) mixing the air-dried and crushed biomass raw material with the eutectic solvent prepared in the step 1), placing the mixture in a reaction kettle, and heating and stirring the mixture to react to obtain reaction slurry;
(3) after the reaction is finished, cooling, adding water, stirring and diluting, then filtering for solid-liquid separation, collecting the obtained filtrate, concentrating by rotary evaporation, then slowly dripping the filtrate into ethanol for precipitation, filtering, washing and drying to obtain the hemicellulose.
Preferably, the hydrogen bond acceptor in step (1) is choline chloride.
Preferably, the hydrogen bond donor in step (1) is ethanolamine and/or isopropanolamine.
Preferably, the molar ratio of the hydrogen bond acceptor and the hydrogen bond donor in step (1) is from 1:2 to 1:15, more preferably from 1:4 to 1: 8.
Preferably, the air-dried pulverized biomass raw material in the step (2) is selected from needle-leaved wood, broad-leaved wood or gramineous plant raw material, in particular 20 to 80 mesh granular raw material.
Preferably, the air-dried pulverized biomass raw material in the step (2) is subjected to a benzene alcohol extraction pretreatment before use.
Preferably, the way of extracting the benzene alcohol is as follows: and (3) placing the air-dried and crushed biomass raw material into a toluene-ethanol mixed solution with the volume ratio of 2:1, extracting for 6-8 hours, and drying for later use.
Preferably, the solid-liquid weight ratio of the biomass raw material to the eutectic solvent in step (2) is 1:5 to 1: 20.
Preferably, the reaction temperature in step (2) is from 50 to 150 ℃, preferably from 60 to 120 ℃.
Preferably, the reaction time in step (2) is 3 to 6 hours.
Preferably, the ethanol used in step (3) is 2 to 5 times the volume of the concentrated filtrate.
Preferably, the drying in step (3) is freeze drying or oven drying.
Preferably, the filtrate obtained after separating the hemicellulose in the step (3) is concentrated to recover the eutectic solvent, and the recovered eutectic solvent can be recycled.
Advantageous effects
The method for separating and extracting the hemicellulose by utilizing the eutectic solvent has the following advantages:
(1) the eutectic solvent is simple to prepare, low in price, stable in property and good in solubility to hemicellulose;
(2) the intermediate process of preparing the holocellulose by delignification is not needed, and the one-step method treatment is adopted, so that the process is simple;
(3) the hemicellulose yield is higher;
(4) the treatment condition is mild, and the solvent can be recycled, thereby greatly reducing the energy consumption and the cost.
Detailed Description
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail. Before the description is made, it should be understood that the terms used in the present specification and the appended claims should not be construed as limited to general and dictionary meanings, but interpreted based on the meanings and concepts corresponding to technical aspects of the present invention on the basis of the principle that the inventor is allowed to define terms appropriately for the best explanation. Accordingly, the description proposed herein is just a preferable example for the purpose of illustrations only, not intended to limit the scope of the invention, so it should be understood that other equivalents and modifications could be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
In step (1) of the separation method according to the present invention, choline chloride is used as a hydrogen bond acceptor, and ethanolamine and/or isopropanolamine is used as a hydrogen bond donor, and the two are mixed in a molar ratio of 1:2 to 1:15, more preferably 1:4 to 1:8, and most preferably 1:6, and heated until a stable and uniform transparent liquid is formed. As the hydrogen bond donor and the choline chloride form hydrogen bond interaction, the ionic interaction in the choline chloride is destroyed, so that the melting point is reduced, and finally a eutectic solvent system is formed. The preparation process of the eutectic solvent is simple and generally only needs 1 to 2 hours. In addition, the performance of the eutectic solvent is influenced by the molar ratio of a hydrogen bond acceptor and a hydrogen bond donor, and the eutectic solvents with different proportions have obvious difference when acting on the biomass raw material and separating and extracting hemicellulose from the biomass raw material. When the molar ratio of the hydrogen bond acceptor to the hydrogen bond donor is less than 1:2, the eutectic solvent has high viscosity, is not beneficial to mass transfer and has poor extraction effect, and when the molar ratio is more than 1:15, Cl in the solvent-Low content, poor action effect and low hemicellulose yield.
In step (2) of the separation method according to the present invention, the raw material is selected from coniferous, hardwood or gramineous plant raw materials, wherein gramineous raw materials are generally more likely to dissociate hemicellulose therefrom than wood raw materials under the same reaction conditions. Before extracting hemicellulose, the raw material needs to be subjected to benzyl alcohol extraction treatment, the air-dried and crushed raw material is placed in a toluene-ethanol mixed solution with the volume ratio of 2:1, extraction is carried out for 6-8 hours, drying is carried out to constant weight, and extracts such as polyphenols, resin acids, terpenes, esters, carbohydrates and the like contained in the raw material are removed. On the one hand, these extractives will bind with the eutectic solvent, inhibiting its effect on hemicellulose extraction. On the other hand, after the extract is removed, the raw material becomes loose, which is beneficial to dissolving out the hemicellulose. The extraction of the benzene alcohol is to remove extractives of polyphenols, resin acids, terpenes, esters, carbohydrates and the like contained in the raw materials, reduce the inhibition effect of the extractives on the eutectic solvent and improve the extraction effect of the hemicellulose.
The solid-liquid ratio of the biomass raw material to the eutectic solvent in the step (2) is 1:5 to 1:25, and when the solid-liquid ratio is more than 1:5, the viscosity of a reaction system is high, mass transfer is not facilitated, and the reaction effect is not ideal; when the solid-to-liquid ratio is less than 1:25, an excessive amount of solvent causes resource waste and increases the cost. In addition, the reaction temperature is 50-150 ℃, the lower temperature is not beneficial to the breakage of chemical bonds in raw materials, the yield of the hemicellulose is low, and the degradation of the hemicellulose is aggravated by the overhigh temperature, so the temperature is preferably 60-120 ℃. The reaction time is preferably 3 to 6 hours.
Preferably, the ethanol used in step (3) is 2 to 5 times the volume of the concentrated filtrate. The ethanol dosage is too small to ensure that the hemicellulose is not completely precipitated, and the ethanol dosage is too large to cause waste and increase the cost.
The following examples are given by way of illustration of embodiments of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention, and it will be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Unless otherwise specified, reagents and equipment used in the following examples are commercially available products.
Example 1
A method for extracting hemicellulose from biomass by using a eutectic solvent comprises the following specific steps:
(1) and crushing the air-dried poplar raw material, screening out 40-60-mesh wood powder, and extracting for 6 hours by using a toluene-ethanol mixed solution with the volume ratio of 2:1 to obtain the degreased raw material.
(2) Mixing choline chloride and ethanolamine according to a molar ratio of 1:6, placing the mixture in a sealed container, heating and stirring the mixture for 2 hours at 60 ℃, and preparing the uniform and transparent choline chloride-ethanolamine eutectic solvent.
(3) Mixing the degreased wood flour in the step 1) with the eutectic solvent prepared in the step 2) according to the solid-liquid weight ratio of 1:20, heating at 60 ℃, and stirring for 6 hours to obtain mixed slurry.
(4) Diluting the treated slurry with water, filtering, performing rotary evaporation concentration on the obtained filtrate, then dropwise adding the filtrate into ethanol with the volume of 3 times, standing for precipitation, filtering, washing and drying to obtain hemicellulose, concentrating the obtained filtrate to recover a eutectic solvent, wherein the recovered eutectic solvent can be recycled.
The detection shows that the extraction rate of hemicellulose is 59.5 percent.
Example 2
The separation method of hemicellulose from biomass was the same as in example 1 except that the heating treatment temperature in step (3) was changed from 60 ℃ to 80 ℃. The detection shows that the extraction rate of hemicellulose is 64.2 percent.
Example 3
The separation method of hemicellulose from biomass was the same as in example 1 except that the heating treatment temperature in step (3) was changed from 60 ℃ to 100 ℃. The detection shows that the extraction rate of hemicellulose is 57.3 percent.
Example 4
The separation method of hemicellulose from biomass was the same as in example 1 except that the heating treatment temperature in step (3) was changed from 60 ℃ to 120 ℃. The detection shows that the extraction rate of hemicellulose is 48.2 percent.
Example 5
The separation of hemicellulose from biomass was performed as in example 1, except that choline chloride-isopropanolamine was used instead of choline chloride-ethanolamine in step (2). The detection shows that the extraction rate of the hemicellulose is 44.5 percent.
Example 6
The separation of hemicellulose from biomass was performed as in example 1, except that choline chloride-isopropanolamine was used in a molar ratio of 1:4 instead of choline chloride-ethanolamine in a molar ratio of 1:6 in step (2). The detection shows that the extraction rate of hemicellulose is 43.0 percent.
Comparative example 1
Except that ethanolamine is used in the step (2) to replace choline chloride-ethanolamine with the molar ratio of 1:6, and the heating temperature in the step (3) is changed from 60 ℃ to 80 ℃. Through detection, the extraction rate of hemicellulose is 29.7 percent, and is much lower than that of the hemicellulose in the examples 1-6.
Comparative example 2
The separation method of hemicellulose from biomass was the same as example 1 except that in step (2), choline chloride-ethanolamine with a molar ratio of 1:6 was replaced with isopropanolamine, and the heating temperature in step (3) was changed from 60 ℃ to 80 ℃. Through detection, the extraction rate of hemicellulose is 21.1 percent, and is much lower than that of the hemicellulose in the examples 1-6.
Comparative example 3
The separation method of hemicellulose from biomass was the same as example 1 except that choline chloride-diethanolamine at a molar ratio of 1:8 was used in place of choline chloride-ethanolamine at a molar ratio of 1:6 in step (2) and the heating temperature in step (3) was changed from 60 ℃ to 80 ℃. Through detection, the extraction rate of hemicellulose is 10.6 percent, and is much lower than that of the hemicellulose in the examples 1-6.
Comparative example 4
The separation method of hemicellulose from biomass was the same as example 1 except that choline chloride-N-methyl-diethanolamine at a molar ratio of 1:10 was used in the step (2) instead of choline chloride-ethanolamine at a molar ratio of 1:6, and the heating temperature in the step (3) was changed from 60 ℃ to 100 ℃. Through detection, the extraction rate of hemicellulose is 9.6 percent, and is much lower than that of the hemicellulose in the examples 1-6.
Claims (10)
1. The method for efficiently separating the hemicellulose from the biomass raw material by using the eutectic solvent one-step method has the advantages of low cost, simple process, low energy consumption and environmental friendliness, and can effectively separate the hemicellulose. The separation method comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing a hydrogen bond acceptor and a hydrogen bond donor according to a certain molar ratio, and heating and stirring until a uniform and transparent eutectic solvent system is formed;
(2) mixing the air-dried and crushed biomass raw material with the eutectic solvent prepared in the step 1), placing the mixture in a reaction kettle, and heating and stirring the mixture to react to obtain reaction slurry;
(3) after the reaction is finished, cooling, adding water, stirring and diluting, then filtering for solid-liquid separation, collecting the obtained filtrate, concentrating by rotary evaporation, then slowly dripping the filtrate into ethanol for precipitation, filtering, washing and drying to obtain the hemicellulose.
2. The method for separating hemicellulose according to claim 1, wherein the hydrogen bond acceptor is choline chloride and the hydrogen bond donor is ethanolamine and/or isopropanolamine in step (1).
3. The process for separating hemicellulose according to claim 1, wherein the molar ratio of hydrogen bond acceptor and hydrogen bond donor in step (1) is 1:2 to 1:15, more preferably 1:4 to 1: 8.
4. The method for separating hemicellulose according to claim 1, wherein the air-dried pulverized biomass raw material in step (2) is selected from needle-leaf, hardwood or gramineous plant raw materials, in particular 20 to 80 mesh granular raw material;
preferably, the air-dried and pulverized biomass raw material in the step (2) is subjected to a benzene alcohol extraction pretreatment before use;
preferably, the way of extracting the benzene alcohol is as follows: and (3) placing the air-dried and crushed biomass raw material into a toluene-ethanol mixed solution with the volume ratio of 2:1, extracting for 6-8 hours, and drying for later use.
5. The method for separating hemicellulose according to claim 1, wherein the solid-liquid weight ratio of the biomass raw material to the eutectic solvent in step (2) is 1:5 to 1: 20.
6. The process for separating hemicellulose according to claim 1, wherein the reaction temperature in step (2) is 50 to 150 ℃, preferably 60 to 120 ℃.
7. The method for separating hemicellulose according to claim 1, wherein the reaction time in step (2) is 3 to 6 hours.
8. The method for separating hemicellulose according to claim 1, wherein the ethanol used in step (3) is 2 to 5 times the volume of the concentrated filtrate.
9. The method for separating hemicellulose according to claim 1, wherein the drying in step (3) is freeze-drying or oven-drying.
10. The method for separating hemicellulose according to claim 1, wherein the filtrate obtained after separating hemicellulose in step (3) is concentrated to recover the eutectic solvent, and the recovered eutectic solvent can be recycled.
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113088542A (en) * | 2021-04-23 | 2021-07-09 | 淮阴师范学院 | Biomass pretreatment process and method for recovering solvent used in treatment process |
| CN113201933A (en) * | 2021-06-24 | 2021-08-03 | 华南理工大学 | Method for preparing antibacterial nanocellulose from guanidine salt-based eutectic solvent |
| CN113307983A (en) * | 2021-05-21 | 2021-08-27 | 北京林业大学 | Method for separating lignin by green solvent quickly and in high yield |
| CN113480580A (en) * | 2021-06-09 | 2021-10-08 | 华南农业大学 | Method for selectively and efficiently extracting licorice residue flavone and co-producing biomethane |
| CN115057899A (en) * | 2022-07-26 | 2022-09-16 | 山东省农业科学院 | Method for extracting anthocyanin from mulberry wine residues |
| CN116770612A (en) * | 2023-06-26 | 2023-09-19 | 河南农业大学 | Method for efficiently separating lignin by using eutectic solvent and product |
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| CN113088542A (en) * | 2021-04-23 | 2021-07-09 | 淮阴师范学院 | Biomass pretreatment process and method for recovering solvent used in treatment process |
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| CN113307983B (en) * | 2021-05-21 | 2022-08-05 | 北京林业大学 | Method for separating lignin by green solvent quickly and in high yield |
| CN113480580A (en) * | 2021-06-09 | 2021-10-08 | 华南农业大学 | Method for selectively and efficiently extracting licorice residue flavone and co-producing biomethane |
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| CN115057899A (en) * | 2022-07-26 | 2022-09-16 | 山东省农业科学院 | Method for extracting anthocyanin from mulberry wine residues |
| CN115057899B (en) * | 2022-07-26 | 2023-09-22 | 山东省农业科学院 | Method for extracting anthocyanin from mulberry wine residues |
| CN116770612A (en) * | 2023-06-26 | 2023-09-19 | 河南农业大学 | Method for efficiently separating lignin by using eutectic solvent and product |
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