CN111806701B - Method for realizing magnetic-sensitive porous-lubricated aircraft anti-icing surface - Google Patents
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
- B64D15/00—De-icing or preventing icing on exterior surfaces of aircraft
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- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Applied To Surfaces To Minimize Adherence Of Mist Or Water (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及的是一种表面处理领域的技术，具体是一种磁敏多孔润滑的飞机防冰表面的实现方法。The invention relates to a technology in the field of surface treatment, in particular to a method for realizing a magnetically sensitive porous lubricated anti-icing surface of an aircraft.
背景技术Background technique
结冰是影响飞机飞行、导致飞行事故发生的主要天气因素之一。为了减少甚至防止结冰对飞机飞行安全的影响，绝大多数飞机都必须采取相应的防护措施。现有飞机防冰方法中的防冰表面技术具有耗能小、制造成本低、易于实现且使用范围广等优点，其中最有前景的是超疏水防冰表面和注入润滑剂的多孔防冰表面。Icing is one of the main weather factors that affect aircraft flight and cause flight accidents. In order to reduce or even prevent the impact of icing on aircraft flight safety, most aircraft must take corresponding protective measures. The anti-icing surface technology in the existing aircraft anti-icing methods has the advantages of low energy consumption, low manufacturing cost, easy implementation and wide application range, among which the most promising ones are superhydrophobic anti-icing surfaces and porous anti-icing surfaces injected with lubricants .
通过微纳米级纹理和疏水表面化学相结合而获得的超疏水表面虽然在某些环境受控的条件下表现出良好的防冰能力，但由于其设计高度复杂、制造难度大和工艺成本高，所以通常只适合尺寸较小且成本较高的部件。此外，超疏水表面所具有的微纳结构容易受损，并且容易在低温、高湿度的环境下失效。因此，对于飞机大型部件的防冰需求，更适合应用由注入润滑剂的多孔表面。Although the superhydrophobic surface obtained through the combination of micro-nanoscale texture and hydrophobic surface chemistry shows good anti-icing ability under certain environmental control conditions, it is difficult to manufacture due to its highly complex design, high manufacturing difficulty and high process cost. Usually only suitable for smaller size and higher cost parts. In addition, the micro-nano structure of the superhydrophobic surface is easily damaged, and it is easy to fail in the environment of low temperature and high humidity. Therefore, for the anti-icing requirements of large aircraft components, the application of porous surfaces injected with lubricant is more suitable.
注入润滑剂的防冰表面的防冰原理是通过物理和化学限制的、不混溶的润滑剂对织构化固体基材的渗透，形成光滑的液体覆盖层，从而达到防冰的目的。利用磁流体作为润滑剂的优势在于：相对于其他润滑剂，水在磁流体表面的结冰成核温度更低，结冰延迟时间更长，冰在磁流体表面的附着强度更低；磁流体在受到水滴撞击后，能在极短的时间内回复撞击前的形貌。然而，基于磁流体的防冰表面过于依赖外加磁场，即外加磁场缺失时，磁流体容易流失而使表面失去防冰能力，尤其是某些情况，例如水流的冲击，会对磁流体表面造成不可逆的破坏作用。The anti-icing principle of lubricant-infused anti-icing surfaces is achieved by the penetration of physically and chemically confined, immiscible lubricants into textured solid substrates to form a smooth liquid cover layer, thereby achieving the purpose of anti-icing. The advantages of using magnetic fluid as a lubricant are: compared with other lubricants, the freezing nucleation temperature of water on the surface of magnetic fluid is lower, the freezing delay time is longer, and the adhesion strength of ice on the surface of magnetic fluid is lower; After being hit by water droplets, it can restore the shape before the impact in a very short time. However, the anti-icing surface based on magnetic fluid is too dependent on the external magnetic field, that is, when the external magnetic field is missing, the magnetic fluid is easy to lose and the surface loses the anti-icing ability, especially in some cases, such as the impact of water flow, it will cause irreversible damage to the magnetic fluid surface. destructive effect.
与其他种类的基材相比，聚合物基多孔基材不仅具有高强度、高韧性和高弹性的优点，并且制造成本低廉、加工温度低、工艺成熟且稳定性好，高性能化(物理改性)相对简单，可以通过简单的共混实现。Compared with other types of substrates, polymer-based porous substrates not only have the advantages of high strength, high toughness and high elasticity, but also have low manufacturing cost, low processing temperature, mature technology and good stability, and high performance (physical modification) properties) are relatively simple and can be achieved by simple blending.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明针对上述现有技术的缺陷，提出一种磁敏多孔润滑的飞机防冰表面的实现方法，利用糖模板法在将磁性纳米颗粒均匀分散在具有良好弹性、疏水性、亲油性和化学稳定的聚二甲基硅氧烷的同时，获得高度多孔的结构，从而制成冰附着强度极低、防冰寿命长、可迅速修复的具有磁响应特性的磁敏多孔防冰材料，将其涂覆于飞机表面以达到辅助飞机防冰的效果。Aiming at the defects of the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention proposes a method for implementing a magnetically sensitive porous lubricated aircraft anti-icing surface, using the sugar template method to uniformly disperse magnetic nanoparticles on a surface with good elasticity, hydrophobicity, lipophilicity and chemical stability. At the same time, obtain a highly porous structure, so as to make a magnetically sensitive porous anti-icing material with magnetic response characteristics that has extremely low ice adhesion strength, long anti-icing life, and rapid repair. Cover the surface of the aircraft to achieve the effect of assisting aircraft anti-icing.
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的：The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
本发明涉及一种磁敏多孔润滑的飞机防冰表面的实现方法，通过聚二甲基硅氧烷预聚物及其固化剂、甲苯、糖类、磁性纳米颗粒和二甲基硅油的混合均匀和干燥固化，得到磁敏多孔防冰复合材料的前驱体；经过该前驱体与乙醇的水溶液多次进行溶剂交换并干燥，得到磁敏多孔防冰复合材料；将上述复合材料粘附在目标表面上，待粘合剂完全固化后向复合材料表面滴加磁流体直至吸附饱和，得到磁敏多孔润滑的防冰表面。The invention relates to a method for realizing a magnetically sensitive porous lubricated anti-icing surface of an aircraft, which is uniformly mixed by polydimethylsiloxane prepolymer and its curing agent, toluene, sugars, magnetic nanoparticles and dimethyl silicone oil and dry and solidify to obtain the precursor of the magnetically sensitive porous anti-icing composite material; through the solvent exchange and drying of the precursor and the aqueous solution of ethanol for many times, the magnetically sensitive porous anti-icing composite material is obtained; the above-mentioned composite material is adhered to the target surface After the adhesive is completely cured, the magnetic fluid is added to the surface of the composite material until the adsorption is saturated, and a magnetically sensitive porous and lubricated anti-icing surface is obtained.
所述的聚二甲基硅氧烷预聚物与固化剂的质量比为(8～11):1。The mass ratio of the polydimethylsiloxane prepolymer to the curing agent is (8-11):1.
所述的糖类优选为葡萄糖和蔗糖的混合物，其中葡萄糖与蔗糖的质量比为1:(1～3)。The sugar is preferably a mixture of glucose and sucrose, wherein the mass ratio of glucose to sucrose is 1:(1-3).
所述的聚二甲基硅氧烷预聚物及其固化剂、甲苯、糖类、磁性纳米颗粒与二甲基硅油的质量比为(10～12):(20～22):(52～54):(14～16):1。The mass ratio of the polydimethylsiloxane prepolymer and its curing agent, toluene, sugars, magnetic nanoparticles and simethicone oil is (10～12):(20～22):(52～ 54): (14～16): 1.
所述的磁性纳米颗粒优选为经表面活性剂处理过的粒径800nm的四氧化三铁颗粒，该表面活性剂优选为油酸钠或平均分子量为2000的聚乙二醇。The magnetic nanoparticles are preferably ferric oxide particles with a diameter of 800 nm treated with a surfactant, and the surfactant is preferably sodium oleate or polyethylene glycol with an average molecular weight of 2000.
所述的干燥固化的条件优选为在80℃下静置12小时。The drying and curing conditions are preferably standing at 80° C. for 12 hours.
所述的乙醇溶液中无水乙醇与水的体积比优选为1:(1～3)。The volume ratio of absolute ethanol to water in the ethanol solution is preferably 1:(1-3).
所述的粘附，优选采用聚二甲基硅氧烷及其固化剂作为粘附剂，其中聚二甲基硅氧烷和固化剂的质量比为(8～11):1。For the adhesion, polydimethylsiloxane and its curing agent are preferably used as the adhesive, wherein the mass ratio of polydimethylsiloxane and curing agent is (8-11):1.
所述的完全固化，优选为在80℃下静置2小时。The complete curing is preferably standing at 80° C. for 2 hours.
所述的磁流体由基液和经表面活性剂处理过的磁性纳米颗粒组成，其中基液优选为由重量百分比为80％的石蜡油和重量百分比为20％的Ⅲ级清洁环保航空煤油组成，表面活性剂优选为油酸钠或平均分子量为2000的聚乙二醇，磁性纳米颗粒优选为粒径800nm的四氧化三铁颗粒。The magnetic fluid is composed of a base liquid and magnetic nanoparticles treated with a surfactant, wherein the base liquid is preferably composed of 80% by weight of paraffin oil and 20% by weight of Grade III clean and environmentally friendly aviation kerosene, The surfactant is preferably sodium oleate or polyethylene glycol with an average molecular weight of 2000, and the magnetic nanoparticles are preferably ferric oxide particles with a particle diameter of 800 nm.
技术效果technical effect
本发明整体解决现有飞机表面结冰的问题；本发明以磁流体作为润滑剂，能极大地减小冰在表面的附着强度；使用多孔的聚合物基质，不仅能充分利用聚合物本身高强度、高弹性和高韧性的优点，还能降低加工温度、简化加工工艺，从而降低制造成本和制造难度；磁流体与多孔聚合物基质相结合的防冰表面易于规模化，适合批量生产和在飞机大型部件的应用。The present invention as a whole solves the problem of icing on the surface of the existing aircraft; the present invention uses magnetic fluid as a lubricant, which can greatly reduce the adhesion strength of ice on the surface; uses a porous polymer matrix, which can not only make full use of the high strength of the polymer itself The advantages of high elasticity and high toughness can also reduce the processing temperature and simplify the processing technology, thereby reducing manufacturing costs and manufacturing difficulties; the anti-icing surface combined with magnetic fluid and porous polymer matrix is easy to scale, suitable for mass production and in aircraft Application of large parts.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明的磁敏多孔防冰复合材料的傅立叶变换红外吸收光谱图；Fig. 1 is the Fourier transform infrared absorption spectrogram of the magnetic sensitive porous anti-icing composite material of the present invention;
图2为本发明的磁敏多孔防冰复合材料的扫描电子显微镜图像；Fig. 2 is the scanning electron microscope image of magnetic sensitive porous anti-icing composite material of the present invention;
图3为本发明的磁敏多孔防冰复合材料的磁化曲线示意图；Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the magnetization curve of the magnetic-sensitive porous anti-icing composite material of the present invention;
图4为本发明的磁敏多孔防冰复合材料和磁流体的接触角示意图；Fig. 4 is the contact angle schematic diagram of magnetic sensitive porous anti-icing composite material of the present invention and magnetic fluid;
图5为本发明的磁敏多孔防冰复合材料对磁流体的吸附-释放循环过程中的质量变化示意图；5 is a schematic diagram of the mass change during the adsorption-release cycle of the magnetic-sensitive porous anti-icing composite material of the present invention to the magnetic fluid;
图6为本发明的磁敏多孔防冰复合材料对磁场的响应特性示意图；Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the response characteristics of the magnetic-sensitive porous anti-icing composite material of the present invention to a magnetic field;
图7为本发明的磁敏多孔润滑防冰表面在无外加磁场的条件下结冰-除冰循环过程中冰附着强度的变化示意图；Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the change of ice adhesion strength during the icing-deicing cycle process of the magnetic-sensitive porous lubricated anti-icing surface of the present invention under the condition of no external magnetic field;
图8为本发明的磁敏多孔润滑防冰表面在有外加磁场的条件下结冰-除冰循环过程中冰附着强度的变化示意图。Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the change of ice adhesion strength during the icing-deicing cycle of the magnetic-sensitive porous lubricated anti-icing surface of the present invention under the condition of an external magnetic field.
图9为本发明的孔分布不同的磁敏多孔防冰复合材料对磁流体的吸附能力的比较。Fig. 9 is a comparison of the magnetic fluid adsorption capacity of the magnetic-sensitive porous anti-icing composite materials with different pore distributions of the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
实施例1Example 1
本实施例包括以下步骤：This embodiment includes the following steps:
①称取4g聚二甲基硅氧烷预聚物、0.4g固化剂和10mL甲苯于烧杯中，再在室温下搅拌均匀。向上述烧杯中加入21.0g糖类混合物(糖类组成，m葡萄糖:m蔗糖＝1:2)后，在室温下搅拌均匀。随后加入6g四氧化三铁纳米颗粒(粒径为800nm)，并充分混合。加入0.4g二甲基硅油，继续搅拌10min。待完全混合均匀后，将所得混合物转移至培养皿中，并在80℃下干燥固化12h。将完全固化的样品完全浸没在乙醇的水溶液(无水乙醇与去离子水的体积比为1:2)中，每隔一小时更换一次乙醇的水溶液。经过六次溶剂交换后，用滤纸吸干多余的水分，在室温下自然干燥，得到磁敏多孔防冰复合材料。①Weigh 4g of polydimethylsiloxane prepolymer, 0.4g of curing agent and 10mL of toluene into a beaker, then stir evenly at room temperature. After adding 21.0 g of sugar mixture (sugar composition, m glucose : m sucrose = 1:2) to the above beaker, stir evenly at room temperature. Then 6 g of iron ferric oxide nanoparticles (800 nm in particle size) were added and mixed thoroughly. Add 0.4 g of simethicone and continue stirring for 10 min. After being completely mixed and uniform, the obtained mixture was transferred to a petri dish, and dried and solidified at 80° C. for 12 h. The fully cured sample was completely submerged in an aqueous ethanol solution (the volume ratio of absolute ethanol to deionized water was 1:2), and the aqueous ethanol solution was replaced every hour. After six times of solvent exchange, the excess water was blotted with filter paper and dried naturally at room temperature to obtain a magnetically sensitive porous anti-icing composite material.
本实施例中采用的聚二甲基硅氧烷预聚物和固化剂是由道康宁公司生产的，型号是SYLGARD184。聚二甲基硅氧烷预聚物的主要成分是聚二甲基-甲基乙烯基硅氧烷预聚物和微量铂催化剂，固化剂的主要成分是带乙烯基侧链的预聚物及交联剂聚二甲基甲基氢硅氧烷。通过混合两者，乙烯基可与硅氢键发生氢化硅烷化反应，从而形成三维网络结构。通过控制预聚物和固化剂的比例，可以控制聚二甲基硅氧烷的力学性能。The polydimethylsiloxane prepolymer and curing agent used in this embodiment are produced by Dow Corning, and the model is SYLGARD184. The main component of polydimethylsiloxane prepolymer is polydimethyl-methylvinylsiloxane prepolymer and trace platinum catalyst, and the main component of curing agent is prepolymer with vinyl side chain and Cross-linking agent polydimethylmethylhydrogensiloxane. By mixing the two, vinyl groups can undergo hydrosilylation reactions with silicon-hydrogen bonds, thereby forming a three-dimensional network structure. By controlling the ratio of prepolymer and curing agent, the mechanical properties of polydimethylsiloxane can be controlled.
②以聚二甲基硅氧烷预聚物和固化剂(质量比为10:1)为粘附剂，将上述制备得到的磁敏多孔防冰复合材料粘附在具有相同面积且厚度为2mm的铝板上，粘附有磁敏多孔防冰复合材料的一面向上并放置在80℃下干燥固化足够长的时间。待样品完全固化后，将经过油酸钠表面处理过的四氧化三铁纳米颗粒(粒径800nm)分散于基液(由重量百分比为80％的石蜡油和重量百分比为20％的Ⅲ级清洁环保航空煤油组成)中，得到磁流体。将所述磁流体添加到粘附有磁敏多孔防冰复合材料的一面，待磁敏多孔防冰复合材料吸附饱和，得到磁敏多孔润滑防冰表面。②Using polydimethylsiloxane prepolymer and curing agent (mass ratio: 10:1) as adhesives, the magnetic-sensitive porous anti-icing composite material prepared above was adhered to a surface with the same area and a thickness of 2mm On the aluminum plate, the side to which the magnetic-sensitive porous anti-icing composite material is adhered faces up and placed at 80°C to dry and solidify for a long enough time. After the sample is completely cured, the iron ferric oxide nanoparticles (particle size 800nm) treated with sodium oleate are dispersed in the base fluid (80% by weight of paraffin oil and 20% by weight of grade III cleaning agent Composition of environmentally friendly aviation kerosene) to obtain the magnetic fluid. The magnetic fluid is added to the side to which the magnetically sensitive porous anti-icing composite material adheres, and the magnetically sensitive porous anti-icing composite material is absorbed and saturated to obtain a magnetically sensitive porous lubricated anti-icing surface.
实施例2Example 2
①称取4g聚二甲基硅氧烷预聚物、0.4g固化剂和10mL甲苯于烧杯中，再在室温下搅拌均匀。向上述烧杯中加入21.0g糖类混合物(糖类组成，m葡萄糖:m蔗糖＝1:1)后，在室温下搅拌均匀。随后加入6g四氧化三铁纳米颗粒(粒径为800nm)，并充分混合。加入0.4g二甲基硅油，继续搅拌10min。待完全混合均匀后，将所得混合物转移至培养皿中，并在80℃下干燥固化12h。将完全固化的样品完全浸没在乙醇的水溶液(无水乙醇与去离子水的体积比为1:2)中，每隔一小时更换一次乙醇的水溶液。经过六次溶剂交换后，用滤纸吸干多余的水分，在室温下自然干燥，得到磁敏多孔防冰复合材料。①Weigh 4g of polydimethylsiloxane prepolymer, 0.4g of curing agent and 10mL of toluene into a beaker, then stir evenly at room temperature. After adding 21.0 g of sugar mixture (sugar composition, m glucose : m sucrose = 1:1) into the above beaker, stir evenly at room temperature. Then 6 g of iron ferric oxide nanoparticles (800 nm in particle size) were added and mixed thoroughly. Add 0.4 g of simethicone and continue stirring for 10 min. After being completely mixed and uniform, the obtained mixture was transferred to a petri dish, and dried and solidified at 80° C. for 12 h. The fully cured sample was completely submerged in an aqueous ethanol solution (the volume ratio of absolute ethanol to deionized water was 1:2), and the aqueous ethanol solution was replaced every hour. After six times of solvent exchange, the excess water was blotted with filter paper and dried naturally at room temperature to obtain a magnetically sensitive porous anti-icing composite material.
②以聚二甲基硅氧烷预聚物和固化剂(质量比为10:1)为粘附剂，将上述制备得到的磁敏多孔防冰复合材料粘附在具有相同面积且厚度为2mm的铝板上，粘附有磁敏多孔防冰复合材料的一面向上并放置在80℃下干燥固化足够长的时间。待样品完全固化后，将经过油酸钠表面处理过的四氧化三铁纳米颗粒(粒径800nm)分散于基液(由重量百分比为80％的石蜡油和重量百分比为20％的Ⅲ级清洁环保航空煤油组成)中，得到磁流体。将所述磁流体添加到粘附有磁敏多孔防冰复合材料的一面，待磁敏多孔防冰复合材料吸附饱和，得到磁敏多孔润滑防冰表面。②Using polydimethylsiloxane prepolymer and curing agent (mass ratio: 10:1) as adhesives, the magnetic-sensitive porous anti-icing composite material prepared above was adhered to a surface with the same area and a thickness of 2mm On the aluminum plate, the side to which the magnetic-sensitive porous anti-icing composite material is adhered faces up and placed at 80°C to dry and solidify for a long enough time. After the sample is completely cured, the iron ferric oxide nanoparticles (particle size 800nm) treated with sodium oleate are dispersed in the base fluid (80% by weight of paraffin oil and 20% by weight of grade III cleaning agent Composition of environmentally friendly aviation kerosene) to obtain the magnetic fluid. The magnetic fluid is added to the side to which the magnetically sensitive porous anti-icing composite material adheres, and the magnetically sensitive porous anti-icing composite material is absorbed and saturated to obtain a magnetically sensitive porous lubricated anti-icing surface.
实施例3Example 3
本实施例包括以下步骤：This embodiment includes the following steps:
①称取4g聚二甲基硅氧烷预聚物、0.4g固化剂和10mL甲苯于烧杯中，再在室温下搅拌均匀。向上述烧杯中加入21.0g糖类混合物(糖类组成，m葡萄糖:m蔗糖＝1:3)后，在室温下搅拌均匀。随后加入6g四氧化三铁纳米颗粒(粒径为800nm)，并充分混合。加入0.4g二甲基硅油，继续搅拌10min。待完全混合均匀后，将所得混合物转移至培养皿中，并在80℃下干燥固化12h。将完全固化的样品完全浸没在乙醇的水溶液(无水乙醇与去离子水的体积比为1:2)中，每隔一小时更换一次乙醇的水溶液。经过六次溶剂交换后，用滤纸吸干多余的水分，在室温下自然干燥，得到磁敏多孔防冰复合材料。①Weigh 4g of polydimethylsiloxane prepolymer, 0.4g of curing agent and 10mL of toluene into a beaker, then stir evenly at room temperature. After adding 21.0 g of sugar mixture (sugar composition, m glucose : m sucrose = 1:3) into the above beaker, stir evenly at room temperature. Then 6 g of iron ferric oxide nanoparticles (800 nm in particle size) were added and mixed thoroughly. Add 0.4 g of simethicone and continue stirring for 10 min. After being completely mixed and uniform, the obtained mixture was transferred to a petri dish, and dried and solidified at 80° C. for 12 h. The fully cured sample was completely submerged in an aqueous ethanol solution (the volume ratio of absolute ethanol to deionized water was 1:2), and the aqueous ethanol solution was replaced every hour. After six times of solvent exchange, the excess water was blotted with filter paper and dried naturally at room temperature to obtain a magnetically sensitive porous anti-icing composite material.
②以聚二甲基硅氧烷预聚物和固化剂(质量比为10:1)为粘附剂，将上述制备得到的磁敏多孔防冰复合材料粘附在具有相同面积且厚度为2mm的铝板上，粘附有磁敏多孔防冰复合材料的一面向上并放置在80℃下干燥固化足够长的时间。待样品完全固化后，将经过油酸钠表面处理过的四氧化三铁纳米颗粒(粒径800nm)分散于基液(由重量百分比为80％的石蜡油和重量百分比为20％的Ⅲ级清洁环保航空煤油组成)中，得到磁流体。将所述磁流体添加到粘附有磁敏多孔防冰复合材料的一面，待磁敏多孔防冰复合材料吸附饱和，得到磁敏多孔润滑防冰表面。②Using polydimethylsiloxane prepolymer and curing agent (mass ratio: 10:1) as adhesives, the magnetic-sensitive porous anti-icing composite material prepared above was adhered to a surface with the same area and a thickness of 2mm On the aluminum plate, the side to which the magnetic-sensitive porous anti-icing composite material is adhered faces up and placed at 80°C to dry and solidify for a long enough time. After the sample is completely cured, the iron ferric oxide nanoparticles (particle size 800nm) treated with sodium oleate are dispersed in the base fluid (80% by weight of paraffin oil and 20% by weight of grade III cleaning agent Composition of environmentally friendly aviation kerosene) to obtain the magnetic fluid. The magnetic fluid is added to the side to which the magnetically sensitive porous anti-icing composite material adheres, and the magnetically sensitive porous anti-icing composite material is absorbed and saturated to obtain a magnetically sensitive porous lubricated anti-icing surface.
实施例3所述的磁敏多孔防冰复合材料的傅立叶变换红外吸收光谱如图1所示：1093cm-1和1022cm-1处的吸收峰对应Si-O的伸缩振动，865cm-1和801cm-1的吸收峰表明Si-CH3的存在，这两个基团是使磁敏多孔防冰复合材料具有亲油疏水性质的关键基团。The Fourier transform infrared absorption spectrum of the magnetic-sensitive porous anti-icing composite material described in Example 3 is shown in Figure 1: the absorption peaks at 1093cm -1 and 1022cm -1 correspond to the stretching vibrations of Si-O, and the absorption peaks at 865cm -1 and
实施例3所述的磁敏多孔防冰复合材料的扫描电子显微镜图像如图2所示：样品本身具有多层次的孔道结构，所以可以预期的是，样品能够稳定地吸附磁流体。The scanning electron microscope image of the magnetically sensitive porous anti-icing composite material described in Example 3 is shown in Figure 2: the sample itself has a multi-layered pore structure, so it can be expected that the sample can stably adsorb the magnetic fluid.
分别在300K和261K下使用综合物性测量系统测得实施例3所述磁敏多孔防冰复合材料的磁化曲线如图3所示，磁敏多孔防冰复合材料磁学性能与磁流体的一致；在300K下的饱和磁化强度比磁流体材料的高出3倍以上；在外加磁场的作用下，磁敏多孔防冰复合材料会产生激发磁场，从而使得被吸附的磁流体受到更高强度磁场作用的吸附；可以预期的是，相比无磁性的材料，磁敏多孔防冰复合材料对磁流体的吸附将会更加稳定。The magnetization curves of the magnetically sensitive porous anti-icing composite material described in Example 3 were measured using a comprehensive physical property measurement system at 300K and 261K respectively, as shown in Figure 3, and the magnetic properties of the magnetically sensitive porous anti-icing composite material are consistent with those of the magnetic fluid; The saturation magnetization at 300K is more than 3 times higher than that of the magnetic fluid material; under the action of an external magnetic field, the magnetosensitive porous anti-icing composite material will generate an exciting magnetic field, so that the adsorbed magnetic fluid is subjected to a higher intensity magnetic field It can be expected that, compared with non-magnetic materials, the magnetic-sensitive porous anti-icing composite material will be more stable in the adsorption of magnetic fluid.
在常温常压的条件下测得实施例3所述磁敏多孔防冰复合材料和磁流体的接触角为55.01°(如图4所示)，表明磁流体对磁敏多孔防冰复合材料具有良好的润湿性，磁敏多孔防冰复合材料保持了聚二甲基硅氧烷亲油疏水的性质。Under the condition of normal temperature and pressure, the contact angle of the magnetic-sensitive porous anti-icing composite material described in Example 3 and the magnetic fluid is measured to be 55.01 ° (as shown in Figure 4), which shows that the magnetic fluid has an effect on the magnetic-sensitive porous anti-icing composite material. With good wettability, the magnetically sensitive porous anti-icing composite maintains the lipophilic and hydrophobic properties of polydimethylsiloxane.
在常温常压下，称量并记录磁敏多孔防冰复合材料在对磁流体吸附-释放循环过程中的质量变化可以评估磁敏多孔防冰复合材料的耐久性，能够得到的实验数据是：如图5所示，在循环10次的过程中，磁敏多孔防冰复合材料对磁流体的吸附能力没有减弱，表现出良好的耐久性。At normal temperature and pressure, weighing and recording the mass change of the magnetic-sensitive porous anti-icing composite material during the adsorption-release cycle of the magnetic fluid can evaluate the durability of the magnetic-sensitive porous anti-icing composite material. The experimental data that can be obtained are: As shown in Fig. 5, during the 10 cycles, the magnetic-sensitive porous anti-icing composite material has no weakening ability to absorb the magnetic fluid, showing good durability.
在外加磁场的作用下，实施例3所述磁敏多孔润滑防冰表面会快速响应，在表面形成较厚的磁浮层；待磁场撤去后，磁浮层会由半固态转换为液态，并在极短的时间内被磁敏多孔润滑防冰表面完全吸收(如图6所示)。Under the action of an external magnetic field, the magnetically sensitive porous lubricating anti-icing surface described in Example 3 will respond quickly, forming a thicker magnetic levitation layer on the surface; after the magnetic field is removed, the magnetic levitation layer will be converted from a semi-solid to a liquid state, and will It is completely absorbed by the magnetically sensitive porous lubricated anti-icing surface in a short period of time (as shown in Figure 6).
在无外加磁场的情况下，实施例3所述磁敏多孔润滑防冰表面在结冰-除冰循环过程中，表现出极低的冰附着强度，并从第12次循环开始其在无外加磁场条件下的防冰性能开始趋于稳定。In the absence of an external magnetic field, the magnetically sensitive porous lubricated anti-icing surface described in Example 3 exhibited extremely low ice adhesion strength during the icing-deicing cycle, and from the twelfth cycle onwards, it was maintained without an externally applied magnetic field. The anti-icing performance under the magnetic field condition begins to tend to be stable.
在-24℃下，通过使用山度数显测力计(SH-500N)沿平行磁敏多孔润滑表面的方向推除冻结在表面的冰块，为了保证该方法的稳定性，重复进行了多次结冰-除冰循环，结果表明：如图7所示，在无外加磁场的条件下，20次结冰-除冰循环中，实施例3所述磁敏多孔润滑表面的平均冰附着强度为0.79kPa，其中最小冰附着强度0.078kPa；如图8所示，在磁场强度为110mT的条件下，实施例3所述磁敏多孔润滑表面在前180次结冰-除冰循环过程中，能保持极低的冰附着强度，表现出极佳的长效防冰性能；在补充磁流体后，在之后的180次结冰-除冰循环过程中，仍能保持极低的冰附着强度，表现出可迅速修复的特性。At -24°C, the ice cubes frozen on the surface were pushed away along the direction parallel to the magnetically sensitive porous lubricated surface by using a Santo digital display dynamometer (SH-500N). In order to ensure the stability of the method, repeated experiments The first icing-deicing cycle, the results show: as shown in Figure 7, under the condition of no external magnetic field, in 20 icing-deicing cycles, the average ice adhesion strength of the magnetic sensitive porous lubricating surface described in
在常温常压下，实施例3～3所述、通过调节糖类组成制备的、具有不同孔分布的磁敏多孔防冰复合材料对磁流体的吸附能力如图9所示，实施例3中葡萄糖与蔗糖质量比为1：3制备的磁敏多孔防冰复合材料对磁流体的吸收率最高。Under normal temperature and pressure, the magnetic-sensitive porous anti-icing composite materials prepared by adjusting the sugar composition described in Examples 3 to 3 and having different pore distributions have the adsorption capacity for magnetic fluid as shown in Figure 9. In Example 3 The magnetic-sensitive porous anti-icing composite prepared with the mass ratio of glucose to sucrose at 1:3 has the highest absorption rate of magnetic fluid.
与现有技术相比，本方法在外加磁场的作用下，磁敏多孔润滑表面在多次结冰-除冰循环过程中，能保持极低的冰附着强度；所述磁敏多孔润滑表面在多次结冰-除冰循环之后，通过补充磁流体，仍能保持极低的冰附着强度，表现出可迅速修复的特性。Compared with the prior art, under the action of an external magnetic field, the magnetically sensitive porous lubricated surface can maintain extremely low ice adhesion strength during multiple icing-deicing cycles; the magnetically sensitive porous lubricated surface is After multiple icing-deicing cycles, by supplementing the magnetic fluid, it can still maintain extremely low ice adhesion strength, showing the characteristics of rapid repair.
上述具体实施可由本领域技术人员在不背离本发明原理和宗旨的前提下以不同的方式对其进行局部调整，本发明的保护范围以权利要求书为准且不由上述具体实施所限，在其范围内的各个实现方案均受本发明之约束。The above specific implementation can be partially adjusted in different ways by those skilled in the art without departing from the principle and purpose of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is subject to the claims and is not limited by the above specific implementation. Each implementation within the scope is bound by the invention.
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