CN111804422A - Stepped fluidized mineral separator and separation method - Google Patents
Stepped fluidized mineral separator and separation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111804422A CN111804422A CN202010659327.5A CN202010659327A CN111804422A CN 111804422 A CN111804422 A CN 111804422A CN 202010659327 A CN202010659327 A CN 202010659327A CN 111804422 A CN111804422 A CN 111804422A
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- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 134
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 134
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 118
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005243 fluidization Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 27
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 18
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- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000010878 waste rock Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005188 flotation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
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- NIFIFKQPDTWWGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrite Chemical compound [Fe+2].[S-][S-] NIFIFKQPDTWWGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052683 pyrite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
- B03B4/00—Separating by pneumatic tables or by pneumatic jigs
- B03B4/06—Separating by pneumatic tables or by pneumatic jigs using fixed and inclined tables ; using stationary pneumatic tables, e.g. fluidised beds
- B03B4/065—Separating by pneumatic tables or by pneumatic jigs using fixed and inclined tables ; using stationary pneumatic tables, e.g. fluidised beds having inclined portions
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D50/00—Combinations of methods or devices for separating particles from gases or vapours
- B01D50/20—Combinations of devices covered by groups B01D45/00 and B01D46/00
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
- B03B11/00—Feed or discharge devices integral with washing or wet-separating equipment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B15/00—Preventing escape of dirt or fumes from the area where they are produced; Collecting or removing dirt or fumes from that area
- B08B15/007—Fume suction nozzles arranged on a closed or semi-closed surface, e.g. on a circular, ring-shaped or rectangular surface adjacent the area where fumes are produced
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Combined Means For Separation Of Solids (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a stepped fluidized mineral separator and a separation method, the mineral separator comprises a bed surface, a horizontal vibration device and a vertical vibration device, the bed surface is in a rectangular inclined surface structure, a plurality of grid strips with certain height are arranged on the bed surface along the longitudinal direction of the bed surface, a material channel is formed between every two adjacent grid strips, the bed surface forms a feeding side and a discharging side along one longitudinal side edge, a feeding end is formed at one longitudinal end of the bed surface and is provided with a feeding port communicated with the bed surface, a discharging end is formed at the other end of the bed surface, and a plurality of collecting hoppers are arranged at the discharging end; the horizontal vibration device is connected with one end of the bed surface, and the vertical vibration device is arranged at the bottom of the bed surface and used for driving the bed surface to vibrate vertically. The invention can realize the composite motion of horizontal swing and up-and-down bounce of the bed surface, and minerals have different advancing routes according to different densities under the action of the composite motion and the air flow blown into the bottom, thereby realizing mineral separation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of mineral separation, and relates to a stepped fluidized mineral separator and a separation method, which are suitable for separating high-density and low-density mixed minerals.
Background
In the aspect of mineral separation, at present, a gravity separation method, a flotation method, a jigging method and the like exist at home and abroad. (1) And (4) reselection. The mineral separation method separates the sorted mineral particles from each other by using the difference of relative density, granularity and shape between the sorted mineral particles and the difference of the moving speed and direction of the mineral particles in a medium (water, air or other liquid with larger relative density). It is widely used for processing coal, nonferrous metals, rare metals and precious metal ores, and also used for processing non-metallic ores such as asbestos, diamond and the like. In order to enhance the sorting effect of the fine materials, gravity separation equipment such as a spiral chute, a centrifugal machine, a cyclone and the like of a centrifugal force field is also adopted in gravity separation. In a certain medium or medium flow (mainly water), the sorting process is carried out according to the specific gravity difference of the mineral raw material particles. (2) A jigging method. The materials are loosened by using vertical alternating water flow, and the processes of layering and sorting according to the specific gravity are achieved. The mixture of water and ore particles is fed into a screen of a jigging chamber from one end, the ore particles move under the action of vertical alternating water flow, and are alternately loose and compact, and finally layered according to the self specific gravity difference. The product with low specific gravity is discharged from the upper part of the upper layer along with the slurry flow; the product with high specific gravity is discharged from the lower part at the lower layer. (3) The shaking bed method. Consists of a transverse inclined bed surface with bed bars or grooves and a transmission mechanism. The transmission mechanism makes the bed surface do asymmetric reciprocating motion along the longitudinal direction. The ore particles on the bed surface are loosened, separated, layered and banded under the combined action of mechanical vibration, transverse ore pulp flow and eddy among bed strips. The specific gravity of the ore particles on the upper layer is small, the granularity is large, the specific gravity of the ore particles on the lower layer is large, the granularity is small, the flow rate of the ore pulp on the upper layer is high, and therefore the ore particles move transversely fast; the flow rate of the lower layer ore pulp is small, and the mechanical conveying force of ore particles in the lower layer ore pulp is large due to the friction between the ore particles and the bed surface, so that the longitudinal moving speed is high; the ore particles with different particle sizes and specific gravities are separated due to different movement tracks on the bed surface. (4) And (4) selecting a chute. The material sorting process is carried out by means of water flowing in the inclined trough. Under the combined action of gravity, friction force, hydrodynamic pressure, shearing force and barrier strip resistance (when barrier strips are arranged on the groove surface), the ore particles are loosened and layered, so that the ore particles are sorted according to the specific gravity.
From the above, the gravity separation method, the jigging method, the shaking bed method and the chute separation method for mineral separation belong to wet separation processes, water and slurry are consumed in the production process, the process flow is complex, and the production cost is high.
In the aspect of dry mineral separation, a mineral separator applied to industrial production at home and abroad at present mainly discloses separation of coarse ores and fine ores in Chinese patent CN1030088092, and a main separation medium is water and is used for separating materials with different particle sizes. A counter-current separator is disclosed in Toolman ltd. coal dressing technology roll published in 1988 by Greenham, USA, which is a wind power shaking table with a rectangular bed surface and a 10-degree horizontal plane. The bed surface is a punching sieve plate. A fan supplies air to the lower part of the sieve at constant wind speed and wind pressure, materials on the bed surface generate a layering effect due to upward flowing air flow, heavier gangue falls on the sieve plate through the bed layer and moves upwards along the bed surface in an inclined mode under the action of eccentric reciprocating motion, lighter coal floats on the upper part of the bed layer and is pushed to the direction that the bed surface inclines downwards by a fed material. The wind power table belongs to an air fluidized bed, the separation is carried out on the bed surface for one time, the clean coal product is discharged for one time, the coal gangue with small granularity is easy to be mixed, the separation effect is poor, the production rate is low, and meanwhile, the wind power table requires large wind power. In addition, the conventional dry type mineral separator is also provided with a dry type shaking table, wind power is not adopted, only the materials are layered by spiral motion, the large-particle-size materials are arranged on the upper layer, the small-particle-size materials are arranged on the lower layer, and the separation effect according to the density is poor. The nineties disclose a compound separation method, which adopts a gas-solid two-phase mixed medium separation formed by autogenous medium (fine coal contained in selected raw coal) and air; the sorted materials are made to make spiral rolling motion by means of mechanical vibration to form multiple sorting; and the buoyancy effect of particle interaction generated by the gradually increased density of the bed material is fully utilized for sorting. Under the condition that the materials do spiral turning motion on the surface of the sorting machine bed, bed layer loosening and ore particle density layering are caused by the comprehensive action of the vibration force and the ascending air flow. And stripping the surface low-density material under the action of gravity. In the process of multiple cycles, materials are sorted for multiple times, and multiple products with ash content from low to high are produced through layer-by-layer stripping until gangue and pyrite with the maximum density are discharged; the fine materials (called autogenous media) contained in the selected raw coal are mixed with ascending gas flow to form gas-solid two-phase mixed media for separation, in the suspension media with certain density, the low-density materials float upwards, and the high-density materials sink; and the buoyancy effect generated by the interaction of the heavy ore particles is also utilized to ensure that the coal particles mixed in the gangue layer are continuously floated out to obtain a pure gangue product.
Chinese patents CN2101532 and CN2314850 respectively disclose the above composite dry separator, which is suitable for separating solid particle mixtures with different densities. Mainly adopts the technical scheme that the device comprises a vibrator and a sorting bed which are hung on a frame to form a vibrating bed body; the lattice bars with the same material moving direction are arranged on the sorting bed, vertical air holes are uniformly distributed on the bed surface among the lattice bars, the vertical air holes are communicated with the air chamber, and the rear part of the bed surface of the sorting bed is connected with an inclined back plate. Under the action of vibration force and ascending airflow, the material makes spiral motion, and is layered according to density, and the low-density material and the high-density material are separated through multiple circulation sorting. It can be seen that the dry sorting beds disclosed in the above two patents have problems: (1) the transverse angle and the longitudinal angle of the bed surface have direct influence on the separation effect, if the transverse angle of the bed surface is too small, the thickness of the bed layer is increased, the separation speed of surface coal is reduced, and if the transverse angle is too large, the moving speed of high-density materials at the bottom of the bed layer is reduced or even fixed, so that the separation process is damaged. Too large longitudinal positive angle (the inclination angle that the waste rock discharge end is lower than the feeding end) can cause waste rock and coal to be gathered to the waste rock discharge port, and too large longitudinal negative angle (the inclination angle that the waste rock discharge end is higher than the feeding end) can cause the waste rock velocity of motion too little, and the waste rock piles up too much on the bed surface and destroys the separation. (2) The function of the parallel lattice bars on the bed surface, and the reasonable design of the height and the angle of the lattice bars have great influence on the sorting effect. Firstly, guiding high-density ore particles to move to a high-density channel; secondly, the speed of the high-density ore particles at the bottom of the bed moving to the high-density end is increased, so that the treatment capacity of the sorting bed is improved; thirdly, the lattice bars can play a certain role in sorting. The coal with small density on the upper layer of the bed layer can cross the lattice bars to move to the discharging edge, and the high-density material on the bottom layer can only move to the high-density end along the lattice bars under the blocking of the lattice bars, so that the sorting precision is improved, and therefore, the reasonable design of the height and the angle of the lattice bars has great influence on the sorting effect. (3) The ratio of the width of the feeding edge of the bed surface to the length of the bed surface is too small, so that the sorting time is short, high-density materials are easily contained in low-density materials, and the sorting precision is not easily improved. (4) The inclination angle of the back plate relative to the bed surface plays a guiding role in guiding materials to do spiral motion, and due to the reasonable design of the inclination angle, the materials have reasonable spiral motion, and the back plate plays an important role in separating light materials. (5) The bed surface vibration mode is electromagnetic vibration or low-amplitude inertia force vibration, is not favorable for sorting materials with larger granularity, has lower material carrying speed on the bottom of the bed layer on the bed surface, and is difficult to improve the production capacity.
With the requirements of modern industry for mineral separation, there is an urgent need to develop a mineral separation method that can overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art and provides a stepped fluidized mineral separator which has the advantages of high separation precision and wide application range.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for the stepwise fluidized mineral separation.
Therefore, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a stepped fluidized mineral separator comprises a bed surface, a horizontal vibration device and a vertical vibration device, wherein:
the bed surface is of a rectangular inclined plane structure, a plurality of grid strips with a certain height are longitudinally arranged on the bed surface, a material channel is formed between every two adjacent grid strips, a feeding side and a discharging side are formed on the bed surface along one longitudinal side edge, a feeding end is formed on one longitudinal end of the bed surface and is provided with a feeding port communicated with the bed surface, a discharging end is formed on the other longitudinal end of the bed surface, and a plurality of collecting hoppers communicated with the material channel are arranged at the discharging end; the height of the bed surface is gradually reduced from the feeding end to the discharging end along the length direction of the lattice bars, and is gradually reduced from the feeding side to the discharging side along the vertical direction of the lattice bars, namely, the highest point is formed at the feeding port, and the lowest point is formed at the intersection point of the discharging side and the discharging end;
the horizontal vibration device is connected with one end of the bed surface and is used for driving the bed surface to horizontally vibrate along the length direction of the lattice bars;
the vertical vibration device is arranged at the bottom of the bed surface and is used for driving the bed surface to vibrate vertically.
Furthermore, a plurality of vent holes are formed in the material channel along the length direction of the material channel, and the vent holes are connected with air supply devices used for blowing air flow into the vent holes.
Further, mineral separating centrifuge still includes the dust collection device, the dust collection device includes collection cover, dust remover and the draught fan that connects gradually through the connecting pipe, collect the cover and establish directly over the bed surface.
Furthermore, the air supply device comprises a plurality of ventilation hoods positioned below the bed surface, a ventilation main pipe communicated with the ventilation hoods and a blower, an air outlet of the blower is connected with an air inlet end of the ventilation main pipe, and a single ventilation hood is communicated with the plurality of ventilation holes and covers all the ventilation holes through adjacent arrangement.
Further, the bed surface is from the material side to arrange the material side and divide into one section bed surface, two-stage section bed surface and three-section bed surface along check vertical direction in proper order, one section bed surface area percentage is 40-60%, the area percentage of two-stage section bed surface is 15-30%, the area percentage of three-section bed surface is 20-30%, it includes that heavy material collects hopper, middle material and collects hopper and light material and collects the hopper to collect the hopper that one section bed surface corresponds heavy material, and two-stage section bed surface corresponds middle material and collects the hopper, and three-section bed surface corresponds light material and collects the hopper.
A stepped fluidized mineral separation method adopts the stepped fluidized mineral separator and comprises the following steps:
after minerals to be sorted are added from a feeding port, the minerals are spread in one side area of a feeding end and a feeding side of a bed surface under the action of gravity, then the minerals are subjected to vertical vibration force of a vertical vibration device, horizontal vibration force of a horizontal vibration device and fluidization force of airflow blown into a vent hole of an air supply device on the bed surface simultaneously, and under the combined action of self gravity component force of the minerals of an inclined bed surface, the compound motion of horizontal vibration, vertical vibration and wind fluidization of the bed surface is realized, and the minerals are fluidized under the action of the compound motion;
the mineral with lower density has higher flow state movement speed and larger corresponding amplitude or movement distance, while the mineral with higher density has lower flow state movement speed and smaller corresponding amplitude or movement distance, so that the mineral with lower density is finally gathered on the upper material layer, and the mineral with higher density is gathered on the lower material layer; minerals with lower density at the upper layer are easy to skip from the tops of the lattice bars in the vibration process of the bed surface and enter the material channels with lower adjacent heights, and are continuously sorted, so that the minerals with different densities have different sorting routes, the high-density minerals are firstly sorted out from the material layer and discharged from the discharge end of a section of the bed surface, and heavy materials are collected by a heavy material collecting hopper to obtain the heavy materials;
in a sorting area formed by a plurality of subsequent lattice bars and a bed surface, the preliminarily sorted minerals are further sorted under the actions of horizontal vibration and vertical vibration of the bed surface and air blowing at the bottom of a material layer, so that the stepped sorting of the minerals is realized; the minerals discharged through the two-section bed surface contain certain high-density minerals and low-density minerals, and the part of minerals return to the feeding port for re-sorting; and discharging the low-density materials from the discharge ends of the three sections of bed surfaces, and collecting the light materials through a light material collecting hopper to obtain the light materials.
The working principle of the mineral separator is as follows:
when the fluidized mineral separator is used for separation, minerals to be separated are added from the feeding port and then are laid in the area on one side of the feeding end and the feeding side of the bed surface under the action of gravity, and the minerals are acted in 5 directions on the bed surface: firstly, the bed surface drives the minerals on the bed surface to jump up and down under the action of the vertical vibration device; secondly, the bed surface drives the minerals on the bed surface to jump left and right under the action of the horizontal vibration device; thirdly, under the action of an air supply device, air flow is blown into the bottom of the material layer from the first section of bed surface vent hole and the second section of bed surface vent hole, so that the minerals generate upward movement buoyancy; fourthly, the height of the bed surface is sequentially reduced from the feeding end to the discharging end along the length direction of the lattice bars, so that the mineral generates component force moving from the feeding end to the discharging end along the length direction of the lattice bars; fifthly, the heights of the mineral materials decrease from the feeding side to the discharging side along the vertical direction of the grid bars in sequence, so that the mineral materials generate a component force moving from the feeding side to the discharging side along the vertical direction of the grid bars. Under the combined action of the 5 forces and the lattice bars, the compound motion of horizontal vibration, vertical vibration and wind fluidization of the bed surface is realized, and the minerals are fluidized under the action of the compound motion, so that the purposes of stepped separation and precise separation of the minerals according to density are realized. Discharging the high-density material separated by the step fluidization from a discharge end of a section of bed surface, and collecting the heavy material by a heavy material collecting hopper to obtain the heavy material; and discharging the separated low-density materials from the discharge end of the three-section bed surface, and collecting the light materials by a light material collecting hopper to obtain the light materials.
In order to improve the separation quality of minerals, a transitional two-section bed surface is arranged between a first-section bed surface and a third-section bed surface, minerals discharged through the two-section bed surface contain certain high-density minerals and low-density minerals, and the minerals return to a feeding port for re-sorting.
In the mineral separation process, in order to reduce the dust in the system from overflowing to enter the operating environment, a dust-containing gas collecting device is arranged above the bed surface to collect gas and floating dust after mineral separation, an area consisting of the bed surface and a collecting cover is set to be a negative pressure area, the dust-containing gas generated in the mineral separation process is collected by the collecting cover and then is conveyed into a cyclone separator through a pipeline, the cyclone separator separates air and most of dust to protect an impeller of a blower, and the purified air is pressurized by the blower and then returns to the separation system again for utilization, so that closed-loop recycling airflow is formed.
In the mineral separation process, a bag dust removal and discharge system is arranged in the system for a small amount of air sucked from the outside in the circulating process of a blower, a ventilation main pipe, bed surface separation, dust-containing gas collection and a cyclone separator, and the air is subjected to dust removal through the bag dust remover and then is pressurized through a draught fan and discharged.
In conclusion, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. the compound movement of horizontal swing and up-and-down bounce of the bed surface can be realized, and minerals have different advancing routes while separating layers according to different densities under the action of the compound movement and the bottom blowing air flow, so that mineral separation is realized.
2. According to the density difference or the granularity difference of the mineral to be selected, the vibration stroke and the frequency of the horizontal vibration device and the frequency and the amplitude of the vertical vibration device are determined, corresponding adjustment is carried out, meanwhile, the inclined gradient of the bed surface is adjusted through the bed surface adjusting mechanism, so that the movement speed and the movement track of particles in the mineral on the bed surface are different due to the density difference or the granularity difference, and the separation of different minerals is realized.
3. The stepped fluidized mineral separator is used for separating materials with different densities in minerals, so that the problems in the existing mineral separation are solved, the production process flow is greatly shortened, the production cost is reduced, and the stepped fluidized mineral separator has the characteristics of low production energy consumption, high classification efficiency, high separation precision and high single-machine yield.
4. The separation area of the mineral separator is set to be the negative pressure area, so that the overflow of dust-containing air in the mineral separation process can be effectively avoided, and the environment is protected; in the separation system, a small amount of dust-containing air sucked from the outside due to poor sealing is dedusted by the bag collector, and the clean air is pressurized by the air exhaust fan and then discharged into the atmosphere, so that the environment-friendly and pollution-free separation system is environment-friendly.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall arrangement of a stepped fluidized mineral separator according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a bed surface of the stepped fluidized mineral separator according to the present invention;
in the figure, 1-bed surface, 2-lattice bars, 3-material channel, 4-vent hole, 5-feeding side, 6-discharging side, 7-feeding end, 8-discharging end, 9-feeding port, 10-heavy material collecting hopper, 11-intermediate material collecting hopper, 12-light material collecting hopper, 13-driving motor, 1401-crank, 1402-connecting rod, 15-cross universal joint, 16-elastic supporting column, 17-spring, 18-spring base, 19-supporting plate, 20-fixed column, 21-ventilation cover, 22-ventilation header pipe, 23-blower, 24-collection cover, 25-cyclone separator, 26-bag dust collector and 27-draught fan.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail by the following specific examples. Other modifications and variations that may be apparent to a person of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any inventive step are also within the scope of the present invention.
The utility model provides a cascaded fluidization mineral separation machine, includes bed surface 1, vertical vibrating device, horizontal vibrating device, air feed device and dust collection device, wherein:
the bed surface 1 is in a rectangular inclined plane structure, in the embodiment, the bed surface is in a right trapezoid shape, a plurality of grid strips 2 with a certain height are arranged on the bed surface 1 along the longitudinal direction of the bed surface, a material channel 3 is formed between every two adjacent grid strips, a feeding side 5 is formed at the wider bottom edge of the right trapezoid bed surface 1, a discharging side 6 is formed at the other bottom edge of the right trapezoid bed surface, a feeding end 7 is formed at one vertical side edge, a feeding port 9 communicated with the bed surface 1 and a discharging end 8 formed at the other oblique side edge of the bed surface are arranged, the discharging end 8 is provided with a plurality of collecting hoppers communicated with the material channel 3, the feeding port 9 is specifically arranged at one corner where the feeding end; the side edges of the feeding side 5, the discharging side 6 and the feeding end 7 are respectively provided with a material baffle plate (not shown in the figure); the height of the bed surface 1 gradually decreases from the feeding end 7 to the discharging end 8 along the length direction of the lattice bars 2, and gradually decreases from the feeding side 5 to the discharging side 6 along the vertical direction of the lattice bars 2, namely, the highest point is formed at the feeding opening 9, and the lowest point is formed at the intersection point of the discharging side 6 and the discharging end 8; specifically, the included angle between the longitudinal direction of the bed surface 1 and the horizontal plane is 1-10 degrees, and the included angle between the transverse direction of the bed surface 1 and the horizontal plane is 1-15 degrees; the height of the grid bars 2 is 5-10 mm. A plurality of vent holes 4 are formed in the material channel 3 along the length direction of the material channel, the vent holes 4 are connected with an air supply device for blowing air into the vent holes 4, and the air flow blown into the vent holes 4 can blow the material to jump up and down to promote fluidization of the material; the aeration holes 4 may be of the same diameter or may be of a smaller diameter near the feed end 7 and feed side 5 and a larger diameter near the discharge end 8 and discharge side 6 (as shown in fig. 2) to optimize fluidization.
In this embodiment, the bed surface 1 can be divided into a first section bed surface, a second section bed surface and a third section bed surface (as shown in fig. 2) in sequence from the feeding side 5 to the discharging side 6 along the vertical direction of the lattice strips 2, the area percentage of the first section bed surface is 40-60%, the area percentage of the second section bed surface is 15-30%, the area percentage of the third section bed surface is 20-30%, the collecting hopper comprises a heavy material collecting hopper 10, an intermediate material collecting hopper 11 and a light material collecting hopper 12, the first section bed surface corresponds to the heavy material collecting hopper 10, the second section bed surface corresponds to the intermediate material collecting hopper 11, and the third section bed surface corresponds to the light material collecting hopper 12. The three bed surfaces can be provided with no vent holes, and the lattice bars on the three bed surfaces can be made into an arc shape for leading in the light material collecting hopper 12 for facilitating discharge, and the inner ends of the lattice bars on the three bed surfaces are connected with the lattice bars on the outermost side of the two bed surfaces (as shown in figure 2).
The horizontal vibration device is connected with one end of the bed surface 1, in the embodiment, the horizontal vibration device is connected with a bed surface feeding end 7 and is used for driving the bed surface 1 to horizontally vibrate along the length direction of the lattice bars 2. As a structural form, the horizontal vibration device is composed of a driving motor 13, a crank link mechanism and a cross universal joint 15, a motor shaft of the driving motor 13 is movably connected with one end of a crank 1401 of the crank link mechanism, the other end of the crank 1401 is movably connected with a connecting rod 1402 of the crank link mechanism, the other end of the connecting rod 1402 is fixed with the bed surface 1 through the cross universal joint 15, and when the driving motor 13 is started, the connecting rod 1402 can drive the bed surface 1 to do horizontal and transverse reciprocating motion. Of course, the horizontal vibration device may also adopt other existing structural forms capable of generating horizontal vibration, such as a horizontal vibration motor and the like.
The vertical vibration device is arranged at the bottom of the bed surface 1 and is used for driving the bed surface 1 to vibrate vertically. As a structural form, the vertical vibration device comprises an elastic support column 16, springs 17 and a support plate 19, wherein the elastic support column 16 is positioned in the center of the bottom of the bed surface 1, the springs 17 comprise a plurality of groups which are arranged on the periphery of the elastic support column 16 in parallel, a spring base 18 is arranged at the bottom of each spring 17, the top of each spring is connected with the support plate 19, the top of each elastic support column 16 is fixed with the support plate 19, the support plate 19 is fixed with the bed surface 1 through a fixing column 20, and the elastic support column 16 can be made of rubber columns or other elastic materials; of course, the vertical vibration device may also adopt other existing structural forms capable of generating vertical vibration, such as a vertical vibration motor and the like.
The air supply device comprises a plurality of ventilation hoods 21 positioned below the bed surface 1, a ventilation main pipe 22 communicated with the ventilation hoods 21 and a blower 23, wherein an air outlet of the blower 23 is connected with an air inlet end of the ventilation main pipe 22, the ventilation hoods 21 are in a conical shape with a large upper part and a small lower part, and a single ventilation hood is communicated with a plurality of ventilation holes 4 and covers all the ventilation holes through adjacent arrangement.
The dust collecting device comprises a collecting cover 24, a dust remover and a draught fan 27 which are sequentially connected through a connecting pipe, and the collecting cover 24 is arranged right above the bed surface 1. The dust remover comprises a cyclone separator 25 and a bag-type dust remover 26 which are connected in sequence, an air outlet of the cyclone separator 25 is simultaneously connected with the bag-type dust remover 26 and an air inlet of an air supply device blower 23, and a solid material outlet of the cyclone separator 25 directly discharges separated solid materials. The tail end of the bag-type dust collector 26 is connected with an induced draft fan 27, and redundant gas is emptied after dust removal.
A method for separating minerals by using the stepped fluidized mineral separator comprises the following steps:
after minerals to be sorted are added from a feeding port, the minerals are spread in one side area of a feeding end and a feeding side of a bed surface under the action of gravity, then the minerals are subjected to vertical vibration force of a vertical vibration device, horizontal vibration force of a horizontal vibration device and fluidization force of airflow blown into a vent hole of an air supply device on the bed surface simultaneously, and under the combined action of self gravity component force of the minerals of an inclined bed surface, the compound motion of horizontal vibration, vertical vibration and wind fluidization of the bed surface is realized, and the minerals are fluidized under the action of the compound motion;
the mineral with lower density has higher flow state movement speed and larger corresponding amplitude or movement distance, while the mineral with higher density has lower flow state movement speed and smaller corresponding amplitude or movement distance, so that the mineral with lower density is finally gathered on the upper material layer, and the mineral with higher density is gathered on the lower material layer; minerals with lower density at the upper layer are easy to skip from the tops of the lattice bars in the vibration process of the bed surface and enter the material channels with lower adjacent heights, and are continuously sorted, so that the minerals with different densities have different sorting routes, the high-density minerals are firstly sorted out from the material layer and discharged from the discharge end of a section of the bed surface, and heavy materials are collected by a heavy material collecting hopper to obtain the heavy materials;
in a sorting area formed by a plurality of subsequent lattice bars and a bed surface, the preliminarily sorted minerals are further sorted under the actions of horizontal vibration and vertical vibration of the bed surface and air blowing at the bottom of a material layer, so that the stepped sorting of the minerals is realized; the minerals discharged through the two-section bed surface contain certain high-density minerals and low-density minerals, and the part of minerals return to the feeding port for re-sorting; and discharging the low-density materials from the discharge ends of the three sections of bed surfaces, and collecting the light materials through a light material collecting hopper to obtain the light materials.
The mineral separator can be widely applied to separation of mineral particles such as coal, nonferrous metals, rare metals, noble metals and the like, and the feeding granularity of the mineral particles is generally not more than 30 mm. And a blower wind pressure adjusting device can be added, and a horizontal vibration device and a vertical vibration device can be respectively provided with a horizontal amplitude adjusting mechanism and a vertical amplitude adjusting mechanism. According to the density difference or the granularity difference of the mineral to be selected, the vibration stroke and the frequency of stroke of the horizontal vibration device, the frequency and the amplitude of the vertical vibration device and the air pressure of the air blower are determined, and meanwhile, the inclination gradient of the bed surface can be adjusted by adding the bed surface adjusting mechanism, so that the mineral separator has better adaptability.
Claims (10)
1. The stepped fluidized mineral separator includes one bed surface, one horizontal vibrator and one vertical vibrator, and features that:
the bed surface is of a rectangular inclined plane structure, a plurality of grid strips with a certain height are longitudinally arranged on the bed surface, a material channel is formed between every two adjacent grid strips, a feeding side and a discharging side are formed on the bed surface along one longitudinal side edge, a feeding end is formed on one longitudinal end of the bed surface and is provided with a feeding port communicated with the bed surface, a discharging end is formed on the other longitudinal end of the bed surface, and a plurality of collecting hoppers communicated with the material channel are arranged at the discharging end; the height of the bed surface is gradually reduced from the feeding end to the discharging end along the length direction of the lattice bars, and is gradually reduced from the feeding side to the discharging side along the vertical direction of the lattice bars, namely, the highest point is formed at the feeding port, and the lowest point is formed at the intersection point of the discharging side and the discharging end;
the horizontal vibration device is connected with one end of the bed surface and is used for driving the bed surface to horizontally vibrate along the length direction of the lattice bars;
the vertical vibration device is arranged at the bottom of the bed surface and is used for driving the bed surface to vibrate vertically.
2. The stepped fluidized mineral separator according to claim 1, wherein the material channel is provided with a plurality of air holes along the length direction thereof, and the air holes are connected with air supply devices for blowing air flow into the air holes.
3. The stepped fluidized mineral separator according to claim 2, wherein the air supply device comprises a plurality of air hoods under the bed surface, a main air duct communicated with the air hoods, and a blower, wherein the air outlet of the blower is connected with the air inlet end of the main air duct, and a single air hood is communicated with the plurality of air vents and covers all the air vents through adjacent arrangement.
4. The stepped fluidized mineral separator according to claim 3, further comprising a dust collecting device, wherein the dust collecting device comprises a collecting cover, a dust collector and an induced draft fan which are sequentially connected through a connecting pipe, and the collecting cover is arranged right above the bed surface.
5. The stepped fluidized mineral separator according to claim 4, wherein the dust collector comprises a cyclone separator and a bag-type dust collector which are connected in sequence, and the air outlet of the cyclone separator is further connected with the air inlet of the air supply device blower.
6. The stepped fluidized mineral separator of claim 1, wherein the vent holes are of the same diameter or of a smaller diameter near the feed end and feed side and a larger diameter near the discharge end and discharge side.
7. The stepped fluidized mineral separator according to claim 1, wherein the included angle between the longitudinal direction of the bed surface and the horizontal plane is 1-10 degrees, and the included angle between the transverse direction of the bed surface and the horizontal plane is 1-15 degrees.
8. The stepped fluidized mineral separator of claim 1, wherein the height of the grid bars is 5-10 mm.
9. The stepped fluidized mineral separator according to claim 1, wherein the bed surface is divided into a first section of bed surface, a second section of bed surface and a third section of bed surface in sequence from the feeding side to the discharging side along the vertical direction of the grid, the area ratio of the first section of bed surface is 40-60%, the area ratio of the second section of bed surface is 15-30%, the area ratio of the third section of bed surface is 20-30%, the collecting hopper comprises a heavy material collecting hopper, an intermediate material collecting hopper and a light material collecting hopper, the first section of bed surface corresponds to the heavy material collecting hopper, the second section of bed surface corresponds to the intermediate material collecting hopper, and the third section of bed surface corresponds to the light material collecting hopper.
10. A staged fluidized mineral separation method, characterized in that the staged fluidized mineral separator of any one of claims 1 to 9 is adopted, comprising the following steps:
after minerals to be sorted are added from a feeding port, the minerals are spread in one side area of a feeding end and a feeding side of a bed surface under the action of gravity, then the minerals are subjected to vertical vibration force of a vertical vibration device, horizontal vibration force of a horizontal vibration device and fluidization force of airflow blown into a vent hole of an air supply device on the bed surface simultaneously, and under the combined action of self gravity component force of the minerals of an inclined bed surface, the compound motion of horizontal vibration, vertical vibration and wind fluidization of the bed surface is realized, and the minerals are fluidized under the action of the compound motion;
the mineral with lower density has higher flow state movement speed and larger corresponding amplitude or movement distance, while the mineral with higher density has lower flow state movement speed and smaller corresponding amplitude or movement distance, so that the mineral with lower density is finally gathered on the upper material layer, and the mineral with higher density is gathered on the lower material layer; minerals with lower density at the upper layer are easy to skip from the tops of the lattice bars in the vibration process of the bed surface and enter the material channels with lower adjacent heights, and are continuously sorted, so that the minerals with different densities have different sorting routes, the high-density minerals are firstly sorted out from the material layer and discharged from the discharge end of a section of the bed surface, and heavy materials are collected by a heavy material collecting hopper to obtain the heavy materials;
in a sorting area formed by a plurality of subsequent lattice bars and a bed surface, the preliminarily sorted minerals are further sorted under the actions of horizontal vibration and vertical vibration of the bed surface and air blowing at the bottom of a material layer, so that the stepped sorting of the minerals is realized; the minerals discharged through the two-section bed surface contain certain high-density minerals and low-density minerals, and the part of minerals return to the feeding port for re-sorting; and discharging the low-density materials from the discharge ends of the three sections of bed surfaces, and collecting the light materials through a light material collecting hopper to obtain the light materials.
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| CN112871401A (en) * | 2021-01-11 | 2021-06-01 | 河北工程大学 | Coal mine associated mineral product gravity separation screening system and method |
| CN113695019A (en) * | 2021-09-03 | 2021-11-26 | 陕西科技大学 | Grain crushing and purging device |
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