CN111804006A

CN111804006A - Traditional Chinese medicine extraction device and extraction method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN111804006A
Application number: CN202010818200.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘冠诚
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2020-08-14
Filing date: 2020-08-14
Publication date: 2020-10-23

Abstract

The invention discloses a traditional Chinese medicine extraction device and an extraction method thereof, the device comprises a microwave power supply, a microwave generator, a reactor and a cyclone, wherein the microwave power supply is connected with the microwave generator through a transmission line, the microwave generator is connected with a resonant cavity through a flange plate by screws, the resonant cavity is connected with the reactor through the flange plate, an isolator is clamped between the flange plate, the cyclone is arranged corresponding to the reactor, an input port and an output port of the cyclone are respectively connected with a flow pump and a flow pump, the flow pump is communicated with a dispensing tank through a metal pipeline, the flow pump is communicated with a storage tank through the metal pipeline, the storage tank is connected with a vacuum dehydration device through a pipeline, the vacuum dehydration device is connected with a microwave concentration device through a pipeline, and the microwave concentration device is connected. The method comprises the steps of microwave cyclic irradiation, concentration, drying and the like.

Description

Traditional Chinese medicine extraction device and extraction method thereof

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicine extraction, and particularly relates to a traditional Chinese medicine extraction device and an extraction method thereof.

Background

The microwave refers to electromagnetic waves with the frequency of 300 MHZ-300 GHZ, and is the wave band with the shortest wavelength in the radio waves seen from an electromagnetic spectrum, and can be divided into decimetric waves, centimeter waves, millimeter waves and submillimeter waves according to the wavelength magnitude. The traditional heating mode mainly transfers heat from outside to inside by means of conduction and convection, microwave heating achieves consistent heating from outside to inside through the interaction of microwave energy and a heated medium, heating time is greatly shortened, microwave heats a medium material instantly, and energy consumption is low. On the other hand, the output power of the microwave can be adjusted at any time, the temperature rise of the medium can be changed without inertia, the phenomenon of waste heat does not exist, and the requirements of automatic control and continuous production are greatly met. The microwave method for extracting and separating the effective components in the plants is known as an excellent method for saving energy, reducing consumption and improving the quality of the extract, and the invention provides a new design idea on an industrial level, aiming at promoting the continuous development of the microwave technology, improving the extraction efficiency of the industrial level, reducing energy consumption, improving the quality of the extract and reducing the production cost. Because the large-area coverage of the microwaves in the reactor is unbalanced, and in addition, the penetrating power of the microwaves on an object is between 40 and 50mm, the conventional extraction method is not only a conventional high-energy-consumption heat conduction extraction method, but also the conventional microwave extraction method 1 and tank-type microwave extraction equipment have the defects that the microwaves cannot penetrate due to large volume, the irradiation reaction is carried out by stirring materials, and the energy consumption is high and the efficiency is low. 2. The gaps between the straight pipe type and the coil type pipes are large, so that the microwave energy cannot be completely utilized, and the energy consumption is increased. Therefore, the invention adopts the flat plate cyclone reactor, can carry out balanced reaction, has no local overheating phenomenon, and replaces the defects of the traditional tank type microwave extraction mode and the straight pipe type and coil type continuous microwave extraction mode. The device can extract different medicines besides the conventional medicine extraction, and has the characteristics of simple equipment, small floor area, wide application range, high extraction efficiency, good reproducibility, time saving, reagent saving, overcoming the defects of easy agglomeration and easy coking of medicinal material fine powder compared with the traditional decocting method, extremely short extraction time, extraction of target substances requiring several hours or even more than ten hours in the traditional heating process by only a few minutes, little pollution and the like. In addition, the environmental protection problem of traditional Chinese medicine extraction is a difficult problem to be solved urgently so far, the invention utilizes high-temperature plasma to crack the gas containing the medicine components emitted during the medicine drying process to generate carbon monoxide and hydrogen which can be recycled and used as the fuel for drying medicine dregs and the medicine components, the medicine dregs are oxidized by the high-temperature plasma to generate oxides which are used as the additive for soil improvement, and the zero-emission environmental protection requirement is really met.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a traditional Chinese medicine extraction device. The second purpose of the invention is to provide a method for extracting the traditional Chinese medicine.

The first purpose of the invention is realized by the following steps that the microwave power supply 1, the microwave generator 3, the reactor 6 and the swirler 7 are included, the microwave power supply 1 is connected with the microwave generator 3 through a transmission line, the microwave generator 3 is connected with the resonant cavity 4 through a flange by screws, the resonant cavity 4 is connected with the reactor 6 through a flange, the isolator 5 is clamped between the flanges, the swirler 7 is arranged corresponding to the reactor 6, the input port and the output port of the swirler 7 are respectively connected with the flow pump I11 and the flow pump II 12, the flow pump I11 is communicated with the dispensing tank 10 through a metal pipeline, the flow pump II 12 is communicated with the storage tank II 13 through a metal pipeline, the storage tank II 13 is connected with the vacuum dehydration device 15 through a pipeline, the vacuum dehydration device 15 is connected with the microwave concentration device 16 through a pipeline, the microwave concentration device 16 is connected with an atomization drying device 17.

The second object of the present invention is achieved by: step 1: cleaning the medicinal materials by using an ultrasonic cleaning machine 8, conveying the cleaned medicinal materials to a crusher 9, adding a certain proportion of water or other organic solvents, crushing the medicinal materials at a solid-liquid ratio of 5-10, crushing the medicinal materials at a solid-liquid ratio of 2-0.15 mm, conveying the medicinal materials to a medicine preparation tank 10, stirring the medicinal materials, and adjusting the solid-liquid ratio and other parameters;

step 2: closing the valve IIb, opening the valve Ia, sending the microwave radiation to the cyclone 7 after the flow pump I11, connecting the microwave radiation to the flow pump II 12 through the outlet of the cyclone 7, adjusting the flow and keeping the pressure balance with the flow pump I11 so as to avoid damaging the cyclone 7;

and step 3: opening a valve VE and a valve IVd, sending the materials processed in the step 2 to a vacuum dehydration device 15 for vacuum dehydration, sending the dehydrated liquid medicine to a microwave concentration device 16 and an atomization drying device 17 for processing respectively to obtain extracts, sending the medicine dregs dehydrated by the vacuum dehydration device 15 to a tailing drying device 18, cracking the waste gas in the drying process by a plasma cracking device 19, recovering carbon monoxide and hydrogen by a gas recovery device 20, providing the recovered waste gas for the tailing drying device 18, sending the medicine dregs dried by the tailing drying device 18 to a plasma oxidation device 21 for oxidation recovery, purifying the waste gas of the whole extraction device by an air purifier 22 to meet the environmental protection requirement, and then discharging.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: the traditional Chinese medicine extraction device is carried out in a fully-closed state, the input ports and the output ports of the reactor 6 and the cyclone 7 are connected by metal components, the incomplete microwave energy is radiated from the inlet and the outlet of the cyclone 7 and enters a metal pipeline, the energy of the radiation wave is consumed up due to the fact that the pipeline is filled with materials, and the microwave leakage index is lower than 1mw/cm square and meets the European and American indexes. Through the device extraction traditional chinese medicine, not only the extraction rate obtains very big promotion, and is fast simultaneously, and impurity is few, save time, the solvent quantity is few, the energy saving, greatly reduce cost.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;

in the figure: 1-a microwave power supply, 2-a power controller, 3-a microwave generator, 4-a resonant cavity, 5-an isolator, 6-a reactor, 7-a cyclone, 8-an ultrasonic cleaner, 9-a pulverizer, 10-a dispensing tank, 11-a flow pump I, 12-a flow pump II, 13-a storage tank II, 14-a storage tank I, 15-a vacuum dehydration device, 16-a microwave concentration device, 17-an atomization drying device, 18-a tailing drying device, 19-a plasma cracking device, 20-a gas recovery device, 21-a plasma oxidation device, 22-an air purifier, a-a valve I, b-a valve II, c-a valve III, d-a valve IV and e-a valve V.

Detailed Description

The invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the invention is not limited in any way and any variations or modifications based on the teachings of the invention are within the scope of the invention.

As shown in fig. 1, comprises a microwave power supply 1, a microwave generator 3, a reactor 6 and a swirler 7, the microwave power supply 1 is connected with a microwave generator 3 through a transmission line, the microwave generator 3 is connected with a resonant cavity 4 through a screw and a flange plate, the resonant cavity 4 is connected with the reactor 6 through a flange plate, the isolator 5 is clamped in the middle of the flange plate, the cyclone 7 is arranged corresponding to the reactor 6, the input port and the output port of the cyclone 7 are respectively connected with a flow pump I11 and a flow pump II 12, the flow pump I11 is communicated with the dispensing tank 10 through a metal pipeline, the flow pump II 12 is communicated with the storage tank II 13 through a metal pipeline, the storage tank II 13 is connected with a vacuum dehydration device 15 through a pipeline, the vacuum dehydration device 15 is connected with a microwave concentration device 16 through a pipeline, and the microwave concentration device 16 is connected with an atomization drying device 17.

The vacuum dehydration device 15 is connected with the tailings drying system 18 through a pipeline, the tailings drying system 18 is respectively connected with the plasma cracking device 19, the plasma oxidizer 21 and the air purifier 22 through pipelines, the plasma cracking device 19 is connected with the gas recovery device 20, and the gas recovery device 20 is connected with the tailings drying system 18 through a pipeline to form a loop.

The plasma oxidizer 21 is connected with an air purifier 22 through a pipeline.

Flow pump I11 and dispensing tank 10 between set up valve Ia, dispensing tank 10 and storage tank II 13 between set up storage tank I14, dispensing tank 10 and storage tank I14 between set up valve IIb, set up valve IIIc on the pipeline between storage tank I14 and the storage tank II 13, storage tank I14 passes through the overflow pipe with storage tank II 13 top and is connected, set up valve V5 and valve IVd between storage tank II 13 and flow pump II 12, the vacuum dehydration device 15 respectively.

And a power controller 2 is arranged between the microwave power supply 1 and the microwave generator 3 and is connected with the microwave power supply 1 and the microwave generator 3 through transmission lines.

The feed end of the dispensing tank 10 is connected with the discharge end of the pulverizer 9, and the feed end of the pulverizer 9 is connected with the discharge end of the ultrasonic cleaner.

And the distance between the cyclone 7 and the reactor 6 is kept between 5 and 30 centimeters.

The bottom plate of the reactor 6 is connected with the cavity body through screws, and the cyclone 7 is connected with the reactor 6 through metal components.

The extraction method of the traditional Chinese medicine comprises the following steps:

step 1: cleaning the medicinal materials by using an ultrasonic cleaning machine 8, conveying the cleaned medicinal materials to a crusher 9, adding a certain proportion of water or other organic solvents, crushing the medicinal materials at a solid-liquid ratio of 5-10, crushing the medicinal materials at a solid-liquid ratio of 2-0.15 mm, conveying the medicinal materials to a medicine preparation tank 10, stirring the medicinal materials, and adjusting the solid-liquid ratio and other parameters;

The material processed in the step 2 is further subjected to the following operation steps before the operation of the step 3: and (3) closing a valve IVd, allowing the material subjected to primary microwave irradiation in the step (2) to enter a storage tank II 13 through a valve VE, allowing the material to flow to a storage tank I14 through an overflow pipe after the tank is full, closing the valve Ia and the valve IIIc, opening the valve IIb to continue circulating irradiation, closing the valve IIb after the irradiation is finished, opening the valve IVd, and repeating the operation in the step (3).

The method of the invention is used for extracting the following materials by the device:

example 1, extraction of licoflavone: the solid-liquid ratio of 1/8, the ethanol concentration of 78 percent, the microwave power of 388 watts, the extraction time of 1 minute, and the extraction rate of 24.6mg/ml by the microwave method are obviously superior to that of the water extraction method (11.4 mg/ml).

Example 2, radix puerariae isoflavone is extracted, 77% ethanol and 1/14 solid-to-liquid ratio are used, microwave intermittent treatment is carried out for 3 times at the temperature lower than 60 ℃, each time is one minute, the total flavone leaching rate reaches more than 95%, and compared with the traditional hot leaching, the method has the advantages of high yield, high speed and energy conservation.

Example 3, the effect of microwave treatment for 5 minutes in extracting the paris polyphylla saponin basically reaches the effect of conventional heating for 2 hours, the impurities are few, and the extraction of the saponin by microwave treatment for 10 minutes can be considered to be finished.

Example 4 extraction of glycyrrhizic acid from licorice, compared with conventional methods such as hot reflux, soxhlet extraction, room temperature extraction, etc., has the advantages of efficient, rapid, complete extraction, time, solvent and energy saving, etc.

The working principle and the working process of the invention are as follows:

the traditional Chinese medicine extraction device comprises a microwave power supply 1, wherein the microwave power supply 1 is connected with a power controller 2 and a microwave generator 3 through a transmission line, the microwave power is 1 KW-100 KW, the working frequency is 2450MHz or 915MHz, the microwave generator 3 is connected with a resonant cavity 4 through a flange plate by screws, specific electromagnetic waves generated by the resonant cavity 4 pass through an isolator 5 (only the electromagnetic waves are allowed to pass through but reflected waves are not allowed to return to damage the microwave generator), the resonant cavity 4 is connected with the isolator 5 through the flange plate, the isolator 5 is clamped in the middle of the flange plate, the reactor 6 is a fully-sealed metal container, a bottom plate is connected with a reactor cavity body by screws so as to facilitate the installation of a swirler 7, the volume of the reactor 6 is designed according to the microwave power and is from 0.1 cubic meter to 3 cubic meters, and the swirler 7 is made of a material which can penetrate through the, the size of the cyclone 7 is designed according to the volume of the reactor 6, the height of the cyclone 7 from the bottom plate of the reactor 6 is 5 cm to 30 cm, the cyclone 7 is kept at a certain distance from the bottom plate of the reactor 6 according to the volume of the reactor 6, reflected wave irradiation is facilitated, microwave energy is fully utilized, and a metal component is arranged at the joint of the cyclone 7 and the reactor 6 to prevent electromagnetic wave leakage.

The extraction device also comprises an ultrasonic cleaning machine 8, because the medicinal materials can be mixed with soil and dust during collection, the medicinal materials can be extracted after being cleaned by the ultrasonic cleaning machine 8, the medicinal materials are sent to a pulverizer 9 after being cleaned, a certain proportion of water or other organic solvents (the solid-liquid ratio is between 5 and 10) are added for pulverization, the medicinal materials are pulverized to be between 2 and 0.15 mm, the medicinal materials are sent to a medicine preparation tank 10 and are stirred by an internal circulation slurry pump 23, the solid-liquid ratio and other parameters are adjusted, a valve IIb is closed, a valve Ia is opened, the flow is adjusted by a flow pump I11 according to different medicines and parameters and then sent to a swirler 7 for microwave irradiation, the flow is connected to a flow pump II 12 through an outlet of the swirler 7 to adjust the flow and keep pressure balance with the flow pump I11 so as to damage the swirler 7, the key input and output ports of the swirler 7 cannot be connected with the metal flow pump I11 and the flow pump II 12 by an, metal-to-metal connection is carried out to prevent microwave leakage, a flow pump II 12 is adjusted to be connected with a metal pipeline to open a valve VE and send the metal pipeline to a storage tank II 13, the tank flows to a storage tank I14 through an overflow pipe after being full, irradiation is divided into two to three times because the irradiation time of some medicines can not be too long each time, at the moment, a valve Ia can be closed, a valve IIb is opened to continue circular irradiation, after the irradiation is finished, a valve II and a valve VE are closed, a valve IIIc and a valve IVd are opened to be sent to a vacuum dehydration device 15 to carry out vacuum dehydration, dehydrated liquid medicine is sent to a microwave concentration device 16 and an atomization drying device 17, medicine dregs dehydrated by the vacuum dehydration device 15 are sent to a tailing drying device 18, waste gas during drying is cracked by a plasma cracking device 19 and then recovered by a carbon monoxide recovery device 20 and provided for the tailing drying device 18, the medicine dregs dried by the tailing drying device 18 are sent to an oxidation device 21 to be oxidized and recovered, the exhaust gas of the whole extraction device is purified by the air purifier 22 and discharged after reaching the environmental protection requirement.

Claims

1. A traditional Chinese medicine extraction device comprises a microwave power supply (1), a microwave generator (3), a reactor (6) and a cyclone (7), wherein the microwave power supply (1) is connected with the microwave generator (3) through a transmission line, the microwave generator (3) is connected with a resonant cavity (4) through a screw and a flange plate, the resonant cavity (4) is connected with the reactor (6) through the flange plate, an isolator (5) is clamped in the middle of the flange plate, the cyclone (7) is correspondingly arranged with the reactor (6), an input port and an output port of the cyclone (7) are respectively connected with a flow pump I (11) and a flow pump II (12), the flow pump I (11) is communicated with a medicine distribution tank (10) through a metal pipeline, the flow pump II (12) is communicated with a storage tank II (13) through a metal pipeline, the storage tank II (13) is connected with a vacuum dehydration device (15) through a pipeline, the vacuum dehydration device (15) is connected with a microwave concentration device (16) through a pipeline, and the microwave concentration device (16) is connected with an atomization drying device (17).

2. The traditional Chinese medicine extraction device according to claim 1, wherein the vacuum dehydration device (15) is connected with the tailings drying system (18) through a pipeline, the tailings drying system (18) is respectively connected with the plasma cracking device (19), the plasma oxidizer (21) and the air purifier (22) through pipelines, the plasma cracking device (19) is connected with the gas recovery device (20), and the gas recovery device (20) is connected with the tailings drying system (18) through a pipeline to form a loop.

3. The device for extracting traditional Chinese medicine according to claim 1, characterized in that the plasma oxidizer (21) is connected with the air purifier (22) through a pipeline.

4. The traditional Chinese medicine extraction device according to claim 1, characterized in that a valve I (a) is arranged between the flow pump I (11) and the dispensing tank (10), a storage tank I (14) is arranged between the dispensing tank (10) and the storage tank II (13), a valve II (b) is arranged between the dispensing tank (10) and the storage tank I (14), a valve III (c) is arranged on a pipeline between the storage tank I (14) and the storage tank II (13), the storage tank I (14) is connected with the top of the storage tank II (13) through an overflow pipe, and a valve V (5) and a valve IV (d) are respectively arranged between the storage tank II (13) and the flow pump II (12) as well as between the storage tank II (13) and the vacuum dehydration device (15).

5. The device for extracting traditional Chinese medicine according to claim 1, characterized in that a power controller (2) is arranged between the microwave power supply (1) and the microwave generator (3), and the three are connected through a transmission line.

6. The traditional Chinese medicine extracting device according to claim 1, characterized in that the feeding end of the dispensing tank (10) is connected with the discharging end of the pulverizer (9), and the feeding end of the pulverizer (9) is connected with the discharging end of the ultrasonic cleaner.

7. The device for extracting traditional Chinese medicine according to claim 1, characterized in that the distance between the cyclone (7) and the reactor (6) is kept between 5 cm and 30 cm.

8. The device for extracting traditional Chinese medicine according to claim 1, characterized in that the bottom plate of the reactor (6) is connected with the cavity body through screws, and the cyclone (7) is connected with the reactor (6) through metal components.

9. A method for extracting traditional Chinese medicine by using the device of claims 1-8, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step 1: cleaning the medicinal materials by using an ultrasonic cleaning machine (8), conveying the cleaned medicinal materials to a grinder (9), adding water or other organic solvents according to a certain proportion, grinding the medicinal materials to 2-0.15 mm in a solid-liquid ratio of 5-10, conveying the medicinal materials to a dispensing tank (10), stirring the medicinal materials from the inside, and adjusting the solid-liquid ratio and other parameters;

step 2: closing the valve II (b), opening the valve I (a), sending the flow pump I (11) to the cyclone (7) for microwave irradiation, connecting the flow pump I (11) to the flow pump II (12) through the outlet of the cyclone (7) to adjust the flow, and keeping the pressure balance with the flow pump I (11) so as to avoid damaging the cyclone (7);

and step 3: opening a valve V (e) and a valve IV (d), conveying the materials treated in the step 2 to a vacuum dehydration device (15) for vacuum dehydration, conveying the dehydrated liquid medicine to a microwave concentration device (16) and an atomization drying device (17) for treatment respectively to obtain extracts, conveying the dregs dehydrated by the vacuum dehydration device (15) to a tailing drying device (18), cracking the waste gas during drying by a plasma cracking device (19), recovering carbon monoxide and hydrogen by a gas recovery device (20), recovering, and supplying the recovered dregs to the tailing drying device (18), conveying the dregs dried by the tailing drying device (18) to a plasma oxidation device (21) for oxidation and recovery, and purifying the waste gas of the whole extraction device by an air purifier (22) to meet the environmental protection requirement and then discharging.

10. The method for extracting traditional Chinese medicine according to claim 9, characterized in that the material processed in step 2 is further subjected to the following steps before the step 3: and (3) closing a valve IV (d), allowing the material subjected to primary microwave irradiation in the step (2) to enter a storage tank II (13) through a valve V (e), allowing the material to flow to the storage tank I (14) through an overflow pipe after the tank is full, closing the valve I (a) and the valve III (c), opening the valve II (b) to continue to perform circular irradiation, closing the valve II (b) after the irradiation is completed, opening the valve IV (d), and repeating the operation in the step (3).