CN111799899A - Reconfigurable rectifying antenna with bias voltage - Google Patents
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- CN111799899A CN111799899A CN202010113323.7A CN202010113323A CN111799899A CN 111799899 A CN111799899 A CN 111799899A CN 202010113323 A CN202010113323 A CN 202010113323A CN 111799899 A CN111799899 A CN 111799899A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/20—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using microwaves or radio frequency waves
- H02J50/27—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using microwaves or radio frequency waves characterised by the type of receiving antennas, e.g. rectennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q23/00—Antennas with active circuits or circuit elements integrated within them or attached to them
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of reconfigurable antennas, in particular to a reconfigurable rectifying antenna with bias voltage, which solves the problems that an additional direct-current bias power supply is needed, the integration is inconvenient and the integrated structure is large in the prior art; the reconfigurable rectifying circuit comprises a front capacitor, a reconfigurable tuning structure, a bias circuit, a rectifying topological structure, a fan-shaped output filter, a load and a one-to-two power dividing circuit. The reconfigurable structure is not limited by input power by adjusting the load and controlling the state of the switch, the rectifying antenna can realize good matching work in different modes, and can also be used for reconstructing a rectifying topological structure, so that the rectifying circuit still keeps high rectifying efficiency work under wider input power. In addition, due to the reconfigurable structure, the proposed rectenna can realize multi-mode operation, and has the advantages of easy tuning, simple structure and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of reconfigurable antennas, in particular to a reconfigurable rectifying antenna with a bias voltage.
Background
Wireless Power Transfer (WPT), refers to a technology that does not require wires for power transfer. Microwave energy transmission (MPT) can realize long-distance transmission of energy, and is an important wireless energy transmission mode. The rectifying antenna can receive electromagnetic waves and convert the electromagnetic waves into direct current, is an essential important device in a microwave energy transmission system, and has important influence on the performance of the whole MPT system.
Currently, various forms of rectennas are found in succession, such as multi-frequency (wideband) rectennas, multi-polarization rectennas, and the like. Realizing multi-mode operation has become a new development trend of the rectenna. Electromagnetic waves of different frequencies and different polarizations exist in the space where we live. If the electromagnetic waves with different frequencies or different polarizations in the space can be received by the same antenna and converted into direct current, more freedom and convenience are brought to the work and life of people. By adopting the reconfigurable technology proposed by D.Schaubert, the working frequency or polarization of the rectenna can be changed according to the frequency or polarization of electromagnetic waves available in space, so that the rectenna can be applied in more scenes and the use efficiency of the rectenna is improved.
In the reconfigurable rectifying antenna structure, the physical structure is changed by controlling the state of a switch, VladMarian, Christian Volair, et al, "locations of an Adaptive rectifying antenna Circuit," IEEE Antennas and Wireless processing Letters, Vol.10, pp.1393-1396,2011. the reconfigurable rectifying antenna structure comprises a common receiving antenna and a reconfigurable rectifying circuit with power self-Adaptive characteristic, but has the problems of larger size of a reconfigurable circuit, additional bias direct current power supply required for controlling the state of the switch and inconvenience for the integrated integration of the reconfigurable rectifying antenna;
hucheng Sun, Zheng Zhong, and Yong-Xin Guo, An Adaptive reconfiguration rectifier for Wireless Power Transmission, IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, vol.23, No.9,2013. FET field effect transistors are used as Adaptive switches, and the switching state of the FET field effect transistors is changed by controlling the magnitude of direct current output voltage on a load, so that the rectifying circuit still keeps higher rectifying efficiency under wider input Power. However, there is a problem that the reconfigurable structure of the circuit is limited by the input power because the FET transistor cannot be turned on and off when the input power is too high (the load voltage is greater than the gate-source voltage).
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a reconfigurable rectifying antenna with bias voltage, which solves the problems that an additional direct-current bias power supply is needed, integration is inconvenient, and an integrated structure is large in the prior art.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows: the reconfigurable rectifying antenna with the bias voltage comprises a receiving antenna and a reconfigurable rectifying circuit; the reconfigurable rectifying circuit comprises a pre-capacitor and a one-to-two power dividing circuit for dividing direct current rectified and output by the rectifying antenna;
furthermore, one branch of the one-to-two power dividing circuit is provided with a variable resistance load for controlling the power ratio; the other branch of the one-to-two power dividing circuit is connected with a bias circuit for providing direct-current bias voltage; the one-to-two power dividing circuit branch is a high-impedance microstrip branch connected with a variable-resistance load and a bias circuit.
Preferably, the reconfigurable rectifying circuit further comprises a reconfigurable tuning structure for reconfigurable matching branches or rectifying topological structures.
Further, the reconfigurable tuning structure comprises a tunable device requiring a biasing structure; the tunable device may be a PIN diode, a varactor, a MEMS switch.
Preferably, the reconfigurable rectifying circuit further comprises a rectifying topology; the rectifying topology comprises a rectifying diode; the rectification topological structure can be a half-wave rectification topological structure, a full-wave rectification topological structure and a bridge rectification topological structure; the rectifying topology may be a reconfigurable structure.
Further, the reconfigurable rectifying circuit further comprises a fan-shaped output filter; the fan-shaped output filter is arranged between the rectification topological structure and the one-to-two power dividing circuit.
Preferably, matching branches are further arranged among the front capacitor, the rectifying topological structure and the fan-shaped output filter; the matching branches may be reconfigurable structures.
The reconfigurable rectifying antenna with the bias voltage provided by the invention adopts the one-to-two power dividing circuit to divide the direct current obtained by rectifying the rectifying circuit per se, so that an additional direct current bias power supply is omitted for an adjustable device, and the integrated integration of the reconfigurable rectifying antenna is easy. By adjusting the load, not only can bias voltage be provided for the adjustable device, the reconfigurable structure is ensured to be kept to normally work without being limited by input power, but also the load can obtain maximum direct current energy. Meanwhile, the reconfigurable structure of the self-biased reconfigurable rectifying antenna can be used for realizing the reconfiguration of a matching circuit, so that the rectifying antenna can realize good matching work in different modes, and can also be used for the reconfiguration of a rectifying topological structure, and the rectifying antenna can still realize high rectifying efficiency work under wider input power. In addition, due to the reconfigurable structure, the proposed rectenna can realize multi-mode operation, and has the advantages of easy tuning, simple structure and the like.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1: the invention has a structure schematic diagram;
FIG. 2: the embodiment is a schematic structural diagram of a frequency reconfigurable rectifying antenna of a self-sufficient bias voltage structure;
FIG. 3: the first embodiment provides an S-parameter curve of a broadband receiving antenna;
FIG. 4: the frequency reconfigurable rectenna provided by the embodiment I is an equivalent structure diagram under two different modes (a: an equivalent rectenna structure of a low-frequency mode and b: an equivalent rectenna structure of a high-frequency mode);
FIG. 5: the rectification conversion efficiency (a: low frequency mode; b: high frequency mode) of the frequency reconfigurable rectification antenna provided by the embodiment one;
FIG. 6: the S parameter curve (a: low frequency mode; b: high frequency mode) of the frequency reconfigurable rectenna is provided by the embodiment one;
FIG. 7: the second embodiment provides a structural schematic diagram of a polarization reconfigurable rectifying antenna of a self-sufficient bias voltage structure;
FIG. 8: the S parameter curve and the axial ratio schematic diagram of the multi-polarization receiving antenna provided by the embodiment II are shown; (a: S parameter; b: axial ratio);
FIG. 9: the rectification conversion efficiency of the multi-polarization reconfigurable rectification antenna provided by the embodiment II is improved; (a: efficiency of rectification conversion in linear polarization mode; b: efficiency of rectification conversion in circular polarization mode;)
FIG. 10: the reconfigurable rectenna structure provided by the third embodiment;
FIG. 11: and the third embodiment provides the rectification conversion efficiency of the reconfigurable rectifying antenna.
Wherein: 1. a receiving antenna; 2. a reconfigurable rectifying circuit; 3. a pre-capacitor; 4. a reconfigurable tuning structure; 5. a bias circuit; 6. a rectifying topology; 7. a fan-shaped output filter; 8. a load; 9. a one-to-two power dividing circuit; 10. and matching the branches.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the structural schematic diagram of the present invention shows that a dark gray portion represents metal on the front side of a dielectric substrate, and a light gray portion represents metal on the back side of the dielectric substrate, and the reconfigurable rectifying antenna with bias voltage disclosed by the present invention includes a receiving antenna 1 and a reconfigurable rectifying circuit 2; the reconfigurable rectifying circuit 2 comprises a front capacitor 3, a reconfigurable tuning structure 4, a bias circuit 5, a rectifying topological structure 6, a fan-shaped output filter 7, a load 8 and a one-to-two power dividing circuit 9 for dividing direct current rectified and output by a rectifying antenna; the receiving antenna 1 is connected with a reconfigurable rectifying circuit 2 through a front capacitor 3.
Further, one branch of the one-to-two power dividing circuit 9 is provided with a variable resistance load 8 for controlling a power ratio; the other branch of the one-to-two power dividing circuit 9 is connected with a bias circuit 5 for providing direct-current bias voltage; a one-to-two power dividing circuit 9 is a high-impedance microstrip branch connected with a variable-resistance load 8 and a bias circuit 5; the high-impedance microstrip branch knot is used for isolating traffic direct current, further removing ripples and flattening direct current voltage.
Preferably, the reconfigurable rectification circuit 2 further comprises a reconfigurable tuning structure 4 for reconfigurable matching branches 10 or rectification topological structures 6.
Further, the reconfigurable tuning structure 4 comprises a tunable device requiring a biasing structure; the tunable device may be a PIN diode, a varactor, a MEMS switch.
Preferably, the reconfigurable rectifying circuit 2 further comprises a rectifying topology 6; the rectifying topology 6 comprises rectifying diodes; the rectification topology 6 can be half-wave rectification, full-wave rectification and bridge rectification topology; the rectifying topology 6 may be a reconfigurable structure.
Further, the reconfigurable rectification circuit 2 further comprises a fan-shaped output filter 7; the fan-shaped output filter 7 is arranged between the rectifying topology 6 and the one-to-two power dividing circuit 9.
Preferably, matching branches 10 are further arranged among the front capacitor 3, the rectifying topological structure 6 and the fan-shaped output filter 7; the matching branches 10 may be reconfigurable structures.
Embodiment one of the invention
In the first embodiment of the present invention, the reconfigurable rectenna is a frequency reconfigurable rectenna, as shown in fig. 2. The receiving antenna 1 is a broadband receiving antenna 1, the antenna is simulated by using HFSS, the S parameter curve is shown in fig. 3, and the operating frequency of the receiving antenna 1 is 4 GHz-6.55 GHz. In the reconfigurable rectifying circuit 2, the adjustable device used is a diode PIN switching device, and the diode PIN switching device has two states, namely on and off, and is installed in the matching branch 10. By controlling the on-off of the switch device, the rectifying antenna works at two different working frequencies, namely a high-frequency mode 5.8GHz (SIM frequency band) and a low-frequency mode 5.2GHz (WLAN frequency band). The embodiment of the invention adopts the L-shaped matching branch 10 to realize miniaturization.
In order to ensure that the rectenna operates in the high frequency mode, the variable resistance of the load 8 is 200 Ω at this time, almost all of the dc rectified by the rectifying circuit is supplied to the load 8, and almost no current flows through the other branch of the one-to-two power dividing circuit 9. At this time, the PIN switch of the circuit is in an off state, and the rectenna operates at 5.8 GHz. In this mode, the L-shaped matching branch 10 is not connected, the electrical length is short, and the rectifier circuit completes the matching operation at high frequency. The state of the frequency reconfigurable rectifying circuit 2 in the high frequency mode is shown in fig. 4 (a).
In order to ensure that the rectenna operates in the low frequency mode, the variable resistance of the load 8 is now 100 Ω, a part of the dc energy rectified by the rectifying circuit is supplied to the load 8, and the rest of the dc energy is supplied to the PIN switch through the other branch of the one-to-two power division. At this time, the PIN switch of the circuit is in a closed state. In this mode the rectenna operates at 5.2 GHz. In this mode, the L-shaped matching stub 10 is connected to the rectifier circuit, the electrical length is lengthened, and the rectifier circuit completes the matching operation at a low frequency. At this time, the state of the frequency reconfigurable rectifying circuit 2 in the low frequency mode is as shown in fig. 4 (b).
For the frequency reconfigurable rectenna shown in fig. 2, joint simulation of the reconfigurable rectenna was performed by using HFSS and ADS simulation. The broadband receiving antenna 1 receives radio frequency energy under frequencies of 5.2GHz and 5.8GHz, the radio frequency energy is fed into a reconfigurable rectifying circuit 2 at the rear end through a 50-ohm microstrip line, the radio frequency energy is converted into direct current energy through a front capacitor 3 and a rectifying diode, finally, the direct current energy is filtered and shaped through a fan-shaped output filter 7, a part of direct current is transmitted to a load 8 end through a one-to-two power dividing circuit 9, and a part of direct current returns to the rectifying circuit to be used as bias direct current voltage to be supplied to a switch. Finally, the L-shaped matching branch 10 is connected/disconnected by changing the resistance value of the load 8, controlling the ON-OFF state (ON/OFF) of the switch of the rectifying circuit, and realizing the matching between the low-frequency mode 5.2GHz and the high-frequency mode 5.8GHz, so that the rectifying circuit can be rectified and converted under different working frequenciesThe efficiency is maximal, which occurs at a maximum of 16.5dBm at an input power of 70.8% and 66.5%, respectively, as shown in fig. 5. Fig. 6 shows S-parameter curves of the reconfigurable rectenna in two modes. S of rectenna in low frequency mode 5.2GHz and high frequency mode 5.8GHz11The | parameter is-17.9 dB and-14.4 dB, respectively, at a power of 16.5 dBm.
Embodiment two of the invention
In the second embodiment of the present invention, the reconfigurable rectenna is a polarization reconfigurable rectenna, as shown in fig. 7. The receiving antenna 1 is a multi-polarization antenna, the antenna is simulated by using HFSS, and the S parameter curve is shown in fig. 8, it can be found that the operating frequency of the receiving antenna 1 covers WLAN (2.40-2.484 GHz) and UWB (6.0-8.5 GHz) frequency bands, wherein WLAN (2.40-2.484 GHz) is circularly polarized and UWB (6.0-8.5 GHz) is linearly polarized.
In the reconfigurable rectifying circuit 2, the adjustable device used is a diode PIN switching device, and the diode PIN switching device has two states, namely on and off, and is installed in the matching branch 10. By controlling the on-off of the switch device, the rectifying antenna works at two different working frequencies, namely a linear polarization (high-frequency UWB frequency band) mode and a circular polarization (low-frequency WLAN frequency band) mode. For the polarization reconfigurable rectenna shown in fig. 7, joint simulation of the reconfigurable rectenna was performed using HFSS and ADS simulation. The multi-polarization receiving antenna 1 feeds radio frequency energy with different polarizations under different frequencies into a reconfigurable rectifying circuit 2 at the rear end through a 50 omega microstrip line, then converts the radio frequency energy into direct current energy through a front capacitor 3 and a rectifying diode, finally, the direct current energy is filtered and shaped through a fan-shaped output filter 7, one part of direct current is transmitted to a load 8 end through a one-to-two power dividing circuit 9, and the other part of direct current returns to the rectifying circuit and is provided for a switch. Finally, the ON-OFF state (ON/OFF) of the switch of the rectifying circuit is controlled by changing the resistance value of the load 8, and the matching branch 10 is connected/disconnected, so that the conversion efficiency is maximum when the input power of the polarization reconfigurable rectifying antenna is 14.5dBm under the work of 2.45GHz (circular polarization) and 7.5GHz (linear polarization), and is respectively 56.8% and 57.5%, as shown in fig. 9.
Embodiment three of the invention
In the third embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 10, the reconfigurable rectifying antenna is composed of a receiving antenna 1 and a reconfigurable rectifying circuit 2. The receiving antenna 1 receives radio frequency energy linearly polarized at 5.8GHz in space. The reconfigurable rectifying circuit 2 adopts a PIN diode switch and is connected in parallel with the rectifying topological structure 6. Radio frequency received by the antenna is converted into direct current energy through the front capacitor 3 and the rectifying topological structure 6, finally, the direct current energy is filtered and shaped through the fan-shaped output filter 7, one part of direct current is transmitted to the end of a load 8 through the one-to-two power dividing circuit 9, and the other part of direct current returns to the rectifying circuit and is provided for the switch. The ON-OFF state (ON/OFF) of the switch of the rectifying circuit is controlled by changing the resistance value of the load 8, so that the rectifying topology structure 6 is changed, and the input power range of the rectifying antenna is widened. When the varistor load 8 is 100 Ω, the PIN switch is in a closed state. At the moment, the rectifier diodes connected in parallel with the switch are in short circuit, the rectifier topological structure 6 is a half-wave rectifier topological structure of a single parallel rectifier diode, and the rectifier antenna obtains higher rectifier conversion efficiency eta of more than 50% under low input power (4dBm-8 dBm); when the varistor load 8 is 200 Ω, the PIN switch is in the off state. The rectifying topology 6 is a half-wave rectifying topology with two parallel rectifying diodes, and the rectifying antenna obtains higher rectifying conversion efficiency eta > 50% under high input power (8dBm-14dBm), as shown in fig. 11. Due to the reconfigurable rectifying topological structure, the proposed rectifying antenna obtains higher rectifying conversion efficiency eta of more than 50% under the wider input power of 4dBm-14dBm, and the input power of the circuit is expanded compared with a single rectifying topological structure 6.
The reconfigurable rectifying antenna with the bias voltage adopts the one-to-two power dividing circuit 9 to divide direct current obtained by rectifying of the rectifying circuit, so that an additional direct current bias power supply is omitted for an adjustable device, and the reconfigurable rectifying antenna is easy to integrate. By adjusting the load 8, not only can bias voltage be provided for the adjustable device 4, the reconfigurable structure is ensured to be kept to normally work without being limited by input power, but also the load 8 can obtain maximum direct current energy. Meanwhile, the provided reconfigurable structure of the self-biased reconfigurable rectenna can be used for realizing the reconfiguration of the matching branches 10, so that the rectenna can realize good matching work in different modes, can also be used for the reconfiguration of the rectifying topological structure 6 and can realize high-efficiency rectifying work under wider input power. In addition, due to the reconfigurable structure, the proposed rectenna can realize multi-mode operation, and has the advantages of easy tuning, simple structure and the like.
It is understood that various changes and modifications may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and it is intended to cover in the appended claims all such changes and modifications.
Claims (7)
1. From reconfigurable rectenna of taking bias voltage, including receiving antenna, its characterized in that: the reconfigurable rectifying circuit is also included; the reconfigurable rectifying circuit comprises a pre-capacitor and a one-to-two power dividing circuit used for dividing direct current output by rectifying of the rectifying antenna.
2. The reconfigurable rectenna with bias voltage of claim 1, wherein: one branch of the one-to-two power dividing circuit is provided with a variable resistance load for controlling the power ratio; the other branch of the one-to-two power dividing circuit is connected with a bias circuit for providing direct-current bias voltage;
the one-to-two power dividing circuit branch is a high-impedance microstrip branch connected with a variable-resistance load and a bias circuit.
3. A self-biased reconfigurable rectenna as in claims 1 or 2, wherein: the reconfigurable rectifying circuit also comprises a reconfigurable tuning structure used for reconfigurable matching branches or a rectifying topological structure.
4. The self-biased reconfigurable rectenna of claim 3, wherein: the reconfigurable tuning structure comprises an adjustable device requiring a biasing structure; the tunable device may be a PIN diode, a varactor, a MEMS switch.
5. The self-biased reconfigurable rectenna of claim 4, wherein: the reconfigurable rectifying circuit also comprises a rectifying topological structure; the rectifying topology comprises a rectifying diode; the rectification topological structure can be a half-wave rectification topological structure, a full-wave rectification topological structure and a bridge rectification topological structure;
the rectifying topology may be a reconfigurable structure.
6. The self-biased reconfigurable rectenna of claims 4 or 5, wherein: the reconfigurable rectifying circuit also comprises a fan-shaped output filter; the fan-shaped output filter is arranged between the rectification topological structure and the one-to-two power dividing circuit.
7. The self-biased reconfigurable rectenna of claim 6, wherein: matching branches are also arranged among the front capacitor, the rectifying topological structure and the fan-shaped output filter; the matching branches may be reconfigurable structures.
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Application publication date: 20201020 |