CN111799837A - Photovoltaic system and control method thereof - Google Patents

Photovoltaic system and control method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111799837A
CN111799837A CN202010658969.3A CN202010658969A CN111799837A CN 111799837 A CN111799837 A CN 111799837A CN 202010658969 A CN202010658969 A CN 202010658969A CN 111799837 A CN111799837 A CN 111799837A
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China
Prior art keywords
inverter
voltage
current side
current
area
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CN202010658969.3A
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Inventor
曾建友
周党生
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Shenzhen Hopewind Electric Co Ltd
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Shenzhen Hopewind Electric Co Ltd
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Priority to CN202010658969.3A priority Critical patent/CN111799837A/en
Publication of CN111799837A publication Critical patent/CN111799837A/en
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/381Dispersed generators
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/22The renewable source being solar energy
    • H02J2300/24The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
    • H02J2300/26The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin involving maximum power point tracking control for photovoltaic sources
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)

Abstract

The application discloses a photovoltaic system and a control method thereof, wherein the method comprises the following steps: acquiring direct-current side voltage and alternating-current side output current of an inverter; judging whether the inverter operates in a safe working area or not according to the voltage at the direct current side and the output current at the alternating current side; when the inverter does not operate in the safe operating area, at least one of the plurality of switching units is controlled to be turned off to reduce the input power of the inverter and to operate the inverter in the safe operating area. According to the method and the device, the inverter is controlled to operate in a safe working area by detecting the voltage at the direct current side and the output current at the alternating current side of the inverter, so that the reliability of the operation of the photovoltaic system is ensured, and the problems that the inverter operates under a high direct current bus and the reliability and the service life of the inverter are greatly reduced when the output power of a photovoltaic module of the photovoltaic system is far greater than the power required by the inverter are solved.

Description

Photovoltaic system and control method thereof
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of power electronics, in particular to a photovoltaic system and a control method thereof.
Background
Along with the popularization of photovoltaic power generation, the application of a photovoltaic power station is wider and wider, and the price of a photovoltaic module is greatly reduced. In order to improve the overall yield of the power station, the large capacity of the photovoltaic module is over-distributed, so that the full power output of the power station becomes a necessary choice more times. However, the PV curve of the photovoltaic module has the characteristics that the output voltage is high and the power is high when the temperature is low in winter, so that the design and selection of the photovoltaic module is usually over-matched by 20% at the ambient temperature (25 ℃), the photovoltaic system with 1MW can reach the module power with 1.2MW, and the photovoltaic system with 1MW can output the power with 1.4MW at the low temperature of minus 20 ℃. However, for the inverter and the box transformer in the 1MW photovoltaic system, only 1.1MW of power can be output at maximum, so that the power needs to be reduced for operation. In addition, when AGC (automatic generation Control) is operated, an inverter is required to automatically adjust power and limit power operation, and at this time, the inverter also needs to reduce power output.
Under the super-distribution condition, especially under the condition that the temperature is low in winter, if the power output of the photovoltaic module needs to be limited and the energy output of the photovoltaic module is reduced, the output voltage of the photovoltaic module needs to be raised, and the inverter works under the continuous high bus voltage, so that the reliability and the service life of the inverter are greatly influenced. If the inverter is used for self reliability, the overvoltage protection method can cause the system to stop, and further the power generation is stopped.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, an object of the present invention is to provide a photovoltaic system and a control method thereof, so as to solve the problem that when the output power of a photovoltaic module is much larger than the power required by an inverter, the inverter operates under a high dc bus, and the reliability and the service life are greatly reduced.
The technical scheme adopted by the application for solving the technical problems is as follows:
according to one aspect of the application, a photovoltaic system is provided, and comprises an inverter, a controller and a plurality of switch units, wherein the input end of each switch unit is connected with at least one photovoltaic module, the output ends of the switch units are parallelly connected and converged to the direct current side of the inverter, and the controller is connected with the switch units;
the controller is configured to:
acquiring the direct-current side voltage and the alternating-current side output current of the inverter;
judging whether the inverter operates in a safe working area or not according to the voltage at the direct current side and the output current at the alternating current side;
when the inverter does not operate in the safe operating area, at least one of the plurality of switching units is controlled to be turned off to reduce the input power of the inverter and to operate the inverter in the safe operating area.
According to another aspect of the present application, a control method of a photovoltaic system is provided, the photovoltaic system includes an inverter, a controller, and a plurality of switch units, an input end of each switch unit is connected to at least one photovoltaic module, output ends of the switch units are connected in parallel and converged to a direct current side of the inverter, and the controller is connected to the switch units; the method comprises the following steps:
acquiring the direct-current side voltage and the alternating-current side output current of the inverter;
judging whether the inverter operates in a safe working area or not according to the voltage at the direct current side and the output current at the alternating current side;
when the inverter does not operate in the safe operating area, at least one of the plurality of switching units is controlled to be turned off to reduce the input power of the inverter and to operate the inverter in the safe operating area.
According to the photovoltaic system and the control method thereof, the inverter is controlled to operate in the safe working area by detecting the voltage at the direct current side and the output current at the alternating current side of the inverter, so that the operation reliability of the photovoltaic system is ensured, and the problems that the inverter operates under a high direct current bus and the reliability and the service life of the inverter are greatly reduced when the output power of a photovoltaic module of the photovoltaic system is far greater than the power required by the inverter are solved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a photovoltaic system provided in an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of another photovoltaic system provided by an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of another photovoltaic system provided by an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a PV curve of a photovoltaic module provided in an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an IU curve of an inverter provided in an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 6 is a schematic flowchart of a control method of a photovoltaic system according to an embodiment of the present application.
The implementation, functional features and advantages of the objectives of the present application will be further explained with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects to be solved by the present application clearer and clearer, the present application is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application.
In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are only for convenience in describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present application. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present application provides a photovoltaic system, which includes an inverter DC/AC, a controller, and a plurality of switch units K1-Kn, an input end of each switch unit is connected to at least one photovoltaic module, output ends of the plurality of switch units are connected in parallel and converged to a DC side of the inverter, and the controller is connected to the plurality of switch units.
Wherein the switching unit comprises a mechanical electrical switch or a semiconductor electronic switch.
As shown in fig. 2-3, the present application provides another photovoltaic system, which includes an inverter DC/AC, a controller, a plurality of DC/DC converters, and a plurality of switching units K1-Kn, wherein an input terminal of each switching unit is connected to at least one photovoltaic module, output terminals of the switching units are connected in parallel and converged to a DC side of the inverter, and the controller is connected to the switching units. Each DC/DC converter is connected in series between each switching unit and the DC side of the inverter, or each DC/DC converter is connected in series between the photovoltaic module and each switching unit.
Wherein the switching unit comprises a mechanical electrical switch or a semiconductor electronic switch.
Based on the photovoltaic system of fig. 1-3, the controller is configured to:
acquiring the direct-current side voltage and the alternating-current side output current of the inverter;
judging whether the inverter operates in a safe working area or not according to the voltage at the direct current side and the output current at the alternating current side;
when the inverter does not operate in the safe operating area, at least one of the plurality of switching units is controlled to be turned off to reduce the input power of the inverter and to operate the inverter in the safe operating area.
In one embodiment, the safe operating area is a closed area formed by a rated operating voltage U4, a first maximum overload voltage U1, a first maximum operating voltage U3, an intersection point I3 of the first maximum overload voltage U1 and a maximum overload current Imax, and an intersection point I1 of the rated operating voltage U4 and the maximum overload current Imax on an IU curve of the inverter.
In an embodiment, the controller is further configured to:
after at least one of the plurality of switching units is controlled to be switched off, the direct-current side voltage and the alternating-current side output current of the inverter are obtained again;
judging whether the inverter operates in a preset closed area in a safe working area or not according to the acquired direct current side voltage and the acquired alternating current side output current;
when the inverter operates in the preset closed region, controlling at least one switching unit in the plurality of switching units to be conducted so as to boost the input power of the inverter;
when the inverter operates in the safe working area and does not operate in the preset closed area, the step of obtaining the voltage of the direct current side and the output current of the alternating current side of the inverter again is continuously executed.
In one embodiment, the predetermined closed region is a closed region formed by a rated operating voltage U4, a second maximum overload voltage U5, a second maximum operating voltage U2, an intersection point I2 of the second maximum overload voltage U5 and a maximum overload current Imax, and an intersection point I1 of the rated operating voltage U4 and the maximum overload current Imax on an IU curve of the inverter.
In an embodiment, the controller is further configured to:
when the inverter operates in the safe working area, the step of obtaining the direct-current side voltage and the alternating-current side output current of the inverter is continuously executed.
The following description is made in conjunction with fig. 4-5:
as shown in the graph of the PV module PV curve in fig. 4, k1 is the PV module PV curve at high temperature, and k2 is the PV module PV curve at low temperature. The output power P at low temperature is larger, while the operating point voltage U at low temperature is higher with the same output power. Under normal conditions, the photovoltaic system operates in Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT), operates at a point A of a curve at low temperature, operates at a point D of the curve at high temperature, and needs to reduce power when the power output of the point A or the point D is greater than the power required by the photovoltaic system, so that the operating point operates along the points A-B-C or D-E-F on the curve, and the system requirements are met in a mode of reducing the power step by step. Meanwhile, when the inverter operates along the point A-B-C or the point D-E-F on the curve, the direct-current working voltage of the inverter DC/AC is gradually increased.
As shown in the IU graph of the inverter in fig. 5, the ordinate represents the ac output current of the inverter, and the abscissa represents the dc bus voltage of the inverter. Imax is the maximum overload current, U4 is the rated operating voltage, U1 is the first maximum overload voltage, U3 is the first maximum operating voltage, U2 is the second maximum operating voltage, U5 is the second maximum overload voltage, I3 is the intersection point of the first maximum overload voltage U1 and the maximum overload current Imax on the coordinate, I2 is the intersection point of the second maximum overload voltage U5 and the maximum overload current Imax on the coordinate, I1 is the intersection point of the rated operating voltage U4 and the maximum overload current Imax on the coordinate.
In fig. 5, the closed area formed by I1, I3, U3, U1 and U4 is the safe working area of the inverter DC/AC. When the inverter DC/AC is judged not to operate in the safe working area according to the direct-current side voltage and the alternating-current side output current of the inverter DC/AC, at least one of the plurality of switch units K1-Kn is controlled to be switched off so as to reduce the input power of the inverter DC/AC and enable the inverter DC/AC to operate in the safe working area.
When the inverter DC/AC operates in a safe working area, whether the inverter DC/AC operates in a preset closed area in the safe working area, namely whether the inverter DC/AC operates in the closed area formed by I1, I2, U2, U5 and U4 is further judged according to the direct-current side voltage and the alternating-current side output current of the inverter DC/AC. And if the inverter runs in a closed area formed by I1, I2, U2, U5 and U4, controlling at least one switching unit in the plurality of switching units K1-Kn to be conducted so as to boost the input power of the inverter DC/AC.
The following description will be made of a safety working area and a preset closed area with reference to specific cases:
the rated power of the photovoltaic system is 1MW, the rated output voltage is 520V, the rated output current of the alternating current side corresponding to the inverter is 1000/1.732/520 to 1110A, the maximum overload current Imax output by the alternating current side is designed to be 1.3 to 1110 to 1443A in consideration of the margin, the input rated working voltage U4 of the direct current side of the inverter is 780Vdc, meanwhile, the first maximum overload voltage U1 corresponding to the maximum overload current Imax which the inverter can endure is 880Vdc, and the first maximum working voltage U3 of the inverter is 1010V. In the process from the first maximum overload voltage U1(880V) to the first maximum operating voltage U3(1010V), for every 10V increase of the dc input voltage, the corresponding ac-side output current decreases by 10% from Imax (1.3 × In, i.e., 1.3 times the rated current) until the current output is prohibited after the input voltage increases to 1010V. Assuming that there are 12 switching units, i.e., K1 to K12, in the 1MW system, the power corresponding to each switch is 1000/12 — 83.3kw, and considering the overload coefficient, the power variation corresponding to each input reaches about 100kw, corresponding to about 10% of the rated power. Considering that in the system, on the PV curve, the dc voltage fluctuation of 20-30V corresponds to the power fluctuation of about 100kw, the second maximum operating voltage U2 is selected to be 1010-30-980V, and the second maximum overload voltage U5 is 880-30-850V.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 6, an embodiment of the present application provides a control method for a photovoltaic system, and the photovoltaic system may refer to the content described in embodiment 1.
The method comprises the following steps:
and step S11, acquiring the direct current side voltage and the alternating current side output current of the inverter.
And step S12, judging whether the inverter operates in a safe working area or not according to the direct current side voltage and the alternating current side output current.
Step S13, when the inverter is not operating in the safe operating area, controlling at least one of the plurality of switching units to be turned off to reduce the input power of the inverter and to cause the inverter to operate in the safe operating area.
When the inverter operates in the safe operating region, the process proceeds to step S11.
Step S14, after controlling at least one of the plurality of switch units to be turned off, re-acquiring the dc side voltage and the ac side output current of the inverter;
and judging whether the inverter operates in a preset closed area in a safe working area or not according to the acquired direct current side voltage and the acquired alternating current side output current.
And step S15, when the inverter operates in the preset closed region, controlling at least one of the switch units to be conducted so as to boost the input power of the inverter.
When the inverter operates in the safe working area and does not operate in the preset closed area, the method continues to execute step S11.
By repeatedly executing the steps until the inverter DC/AC of the photovoltaic system always runs in a safe working area, the running reliability of the photovoltaic system is ensured.
The preferred embodiments of the present application have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, and are not intended to limit the scope of the claims of the application accordingly. Any modifications, equivalents and improvements which may occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the present application are intended to be within the scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims (10)

1. A photovoltaic system comprises an inverter, a controller and a plurality of switch units, wherein the input end of each switch unit is connected with at least one photovoltaic component, the output ends of the switch units are connected in parallel and converged to the direct current side of the inverter, and the controller is connected with the switch units; it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
the controller is configured to:
acquiring the direct-current side voltage and the alternating-current side output current of the inverter;
judging whether the inverter operates in a safe working area or not according to the voltage at the direct current side and the output current at the alternating current side;
when the inverter does not operate in the safe operating area, at least one of the plurality of switching units is controlled to be turned off to reduce the input power of the inverter and to operate the inverter in the safe operating area.
2. Photovoltaic system according to claim 1, characterized in that the safe operating area is a closed area formed on the IU curve of the inverter by a rated operating voltage U4, a first maximum overload voltage U1, a first maximum operating voltage U3, an intersection point I3 of the first maximum overload voltage U1 and the maximum overload current Imax, an intersection point I1 of the rated operating voltage U4 and the maximum overload current Imax.
3. The photovoltaic system of claim 2, wherein the controller is further configured to:
after at least one of the plurality of switching units is controlled to be switched off, the direct-current side voltage and the alternating-current side output current of the inverter are obtained again;
judging whether the inverter operates in a preset closed area in a safe working area or not according to the acquired direct current side voltage and the acquired alternating current side output current;
when the inverter operates in the preset closed region, controlling at least one switching unit in the plurality of switching units to be conducted so as to boost the input power of the inverter;
when the inverter operates in the safe working area and does not operate in the preset closed area, the step of obtaining the voltage of the direct current side and the output current of the alternating current side of the inverter again is continuously executed.
4. The photovoltaic system according to claim 3, characterized in that the predetermined enclosed area is an enclosed area formed by the rated operating voltage U4, the second maximum overload voltage U5, the second maximum operating voltage U2, the intersection point I2 of the second maximum overload voltage U5 and the maximum overload current Imax, and the intersection point I1 of the rated operating voltage U4 and the maximum overload current Imax on the IU curve of the inverter.
5. The photovoltaic system of any of claims 1-4, wherein the controller is further configured to:
when the inverter operates in the safe working area, the step of obtaining the direct-current side voltage and the alternating-current side output current of the inverter is continuously executed.
6. The photovoltaic system of any of claims 1-4, further comprising a plurality of DC/DC converters,
each DC/DC converter is connected in series between each switching unit and the DC side of the inverter, or each DC/DC converter is connected in series between the photovoltaic module and each switching unit.
7. A control method of a photovoltaic system comprises an inverter, a controller and a plurality of switch units, wherein the input end of each switch unit is connected with at least one photovoltaic module, the output ends of the switch units are connected in parallel and converged to the direct current side of the inverter, and the controller is connected with the switch units; characterized in that the method comprises:
acquiring the direct-current side voltage and the alternating-current side output current of the inverter;
judging whether the inverter operates in a safe working area or not according to the voltage at the direct current side and the output current at the alternating current side;
when the inverter does not operate in the safe operating area, at least one of the plurality of switching units is controlled to be turned off to reduce the input power of the inverter and to operate the inverter in the safe operating area.
8. The control method of a photovoltaic system according to claim 7, wherein the safe operating area is a closed area formed on an IU curve of the inverter by a rated operating voltage U4, a first maximum overload voltage U1, a first maximum operating voltage U3, an intersection point I3 of the first maximum overload voltage U1 and a maximum overload current Imax, and an intersection point I1 of the rated operating voltage U4 and the maximum overload current Imax.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the controlling at least one of the plurality of switching units to open further comprises:
after at least one of the plurality of switching units is controlled to be switched off, the direct-current side voltage and the alternating-current side output current of the inverter are obtained again;
judging whether the inverter operates in a preset closed area in a safe working area or not according to the acquired direct current side voltage and the acquired alternating current side output current;
when the inverter operates in the preset closed region, controlling at least one switching unit in the plurality of switching units to be conducted so as to boost the input power of the inverter;
when the inverter operates in the safe working area and does not operate in the preset closed area, the step of obtaining the voltage of the direct current side and the output current of the alternating current side of the inverter again is continuously executed.
10. The control method of the photovoltaic system according to claim 9, wherein the preset enclosed region is an enclosed region formed on an IU curve of the inverter by a rated operating voltage U4, a second maximum overload voltage U5, a second maximum operating voltage U2, an intersection point I2 of the second maximum overload voltage U5 and a maximum overload current Imax, and an intersection point I1 of the rated operating voltage U4 and the maximum overload current Imax.
CN202010658969.3A 2020-07-09 2020-07-09 Photovoltaic system and control method thereof Pending CN111799837A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114157231A (en) * 2021-11-27 2022-03-08 深圳市禾望科技有限公司 Photovoltaic inverter and control method thereof
CN116760107A (en) * 2023-08-16 2023-09-15 锦浪科技股份有限公司 Method, system and storage medium for over-distribution load limiting of photovoltaic inverter

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107017665A (en) * 2017-06-08 2017-08-04 阳光电源股份有限公司 A kind of super distribution controlling method of inversion system and inverter

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107017665A (en) * 2017-06-08 2017-08-04 阳光电源股份有限公司 A kind of super distribution controlling method of inversion system and inverter

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114157231A (en) * 2021-11-27 2022-03-08 深圳市禾望科技有限公司 Photovoltaic inverter and control method thereof
CN116760107A (en) * 2023-08-16 2023-09-15 锦浪科技股份有限公司 Method, system and storage medium for over-distribution load limiting of photovoltaic inverter
CN116760107B (en) * 2023-08-16 2023-12-12 锦浪科技股份有限公司 Method, system and storage medium for over-distribution load limiting of photovoltaic inverter

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