CN111798087A - Rural environment quality comprehensive evaluation supervision system and method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a rural environment quality comprehensive evaluation and supervision system and a method thereof. The rural environment quality comprehensive evaluation supervision method comprises the following steps: (1) acquiring ecological environment quality parameter values of a target area; (2) carrying out normalization processing on the data; (3) calculating a rural environment quality comprehensive index value; (4) grading the environmental quality of a target area according to the rural environmental quality comprehensive index value, analyzing the reason of the overproof environmental quality parameters, and diagnosing environmental problems; (5) and the system outputs a corresponding environment supervision scheme according to the diagnosed environmental problems. The invention fills the blank of ecological environment big data in the rural environment supervision field, can reflect the basic condition of rural environment quality in China in a multi-scale, multi-angle, multi-mode and multi-application way, and provides technical support for the formulation of rural environment management policies and standards, and the screening and evaluation of rural environment improvement technology.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a rural environment quality comprehensive evaluation and supervision system and a method.
Background
The six tasks of the ecological environment big data overall architecture comprise: the method has the advantages of promoting comprehensive integration and sharing of data resources, strengthening scientific decision of ecological environment, innovating an ecological environment supervision mode, perfecting ecological environment public service, overall building of a big data platform and promoting big data trial. The rural areas are wide in area, low in population density and high in environmental supervision difficulty, and in addition, the environmental protection focus is concentrated on industrial pollution prevention and control and urban ecological environment protection for a long time, so that the rural environmental protection work in China is always lagged, the rural environmental supervision capability is seriously insufficient, and an effective environmental supervision means is lacked.
The existing ecological environment supervision aiming at rural areas has the following two problems:
firstly, the supervision capability is seriously insufficient, most environmental supervision measures are made aiming at the pollution prevention and control of cities and industrial point sources, the development degree of the cities and the countryside is greatly different under the condition of the special urban and rural binary structure of China, and the population distribution, the social structure, the operation form and the like of the countryside area have the special attributes obviously different from the cities, such as diversity, independence, openness and the like. Although relevant departments already recognize the particularity of rural environmental problems and the importance of rural environmental protection work, and come out of a series of rural environmental protection policies, specifications and regulations, the method is only a specific supplement to the existing environmental management system, and no integral rural environmental management system is formed, so that the rural environmental supervision capability in China is seriously insufficient, and the prominent performance is shown in the following aspects: (1) as a basic organization of rural environment supervision, 95 percent of villages and towns do not have special environment supervision mechanisms and personnel and also lack necessary vehicles and equipment, so that rural environment pollution and ecological destruction behaviors cannot be effectively prevented. (2) Most of the existing environmental protection laws and regulations, standards and normative documents mainly aim at industrial pollution prevention and control and urban ecological environment protection, aim at less rural environments, basically have concurrent functions in addition to primary supervision personnel, and generally lack of professional knowledge, so that the operability of the current rural environment supervision means is poor. (3) Rural areas are large in population, large in area and scattered in pollution sources, so that the weak basic level supervision is tired of life, and the full coverage of supervision is difficult to realize.
Secondly, the existing environmental protection information supervision method is single and is not suitable for rural environment supervision: (1) because the informatization construction of each region is constructed according to the self requirement, the function is relatively single, such as a critique examination and approval platform, a public participation platform and the like, the top-level design of systematicness is lacked, and the system can not be used for rural environment supervision. (2) Because the rural environment relates to a plurality of departments, the data resources are dispersed, the level of data sharing and common development is low, and multi-level and multi-structure data cannot be provided for the information platform.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention aims to provide a comprehensive and highly targeted rural environment quality comprehensive evaluation and supervision system and method.
The technical scheme is as follows:
1. the invention relates to a rural environment quality comprehensive evaluation and supervision system which comprises a communication network layer, a data center layer, an application supporting layer, an application service layer and an application presentation layer, wherein the data center layer is used for receiving a monitoring request;
the communication network layer is used for communication between the system platform and the environment monitoring sensor;
the data center layer comprises a basic geographic database, a remote sensing database, a conventional ground monitoring database and a thematic database and is used for storing different types of data; the basic geographic database stores data of countries, provincial levels, land levels, county level administrative boundaries, rivers, roads, terrains, land utilization current situations and the like. The remote sensing database stores multi-temporal high-resolution remote sensing images. The conventional ground monitoring database stores environment monitoring point locations and corresponding monitoring data. The thematic database comprises a human living environment construction condition database, an environmental law and regulation standard database and the like.
The application supporting layer comprises a GIS platform and a middleware, and the GIS platform manages, analyzes and displays the geographic distribution data; the middleware is used for aggregating scattered and heterogeneous data, realizing seamless access and integration across databases through a uniform access entrance, and providing an integrated environment supporting information access, transmission and cooperation.
The application service layer comprises a data management subsystem and a data analysis and evaluation subsystem; the data management subsystem is used for preprocessing data in the data center layer according to the service function and integrating the data according to service requirements such as regions, time and the like; the data analysis and evaluation subsystem comprises data space analysis and time analysis functions. The spatial analysis is to display monitoring data according to the classification of atmosphere, water, soil, ecology and human living environment, automatically mark corresponding monitoring point positions in a map according to different categories and realize data comparison display in a data list in a chart form; the time analysis is to display or screen different data information of all time, a period of time and a certain time point of the target area, and the data evaluation is to evaluate the environmental air, soil environment, water environment, ecological environment and human living environment conditions of the target area and finally calculate the rural environment comprehensive quality index of the target area.
The application presentation layer comprises information management and sharing, environment quality supervision and decision support. Information management and sharing, including inquiry, browsing and screening, realize the open sharing of rural ecological environment information; the environment quality supervision function is used for calculating the rural environment quality evaluation result, accurately mastering the rural environment condition of a target area, judging whether each environment quality parameter exceeds the standard or not according to the environmental law and regulation standards in the special database, the regional environment characteristics and the past case experience, outputting the corresponding reason for exceeding the standard, and identifying the environmental problem of the location. The decision support is based on a knowledge experience base accumulated in long-term practice, and outputs a targeted supervision scheme according to an environmental problem recognition result, so that a streamlined and specific supervision content suggestion is provided.
The value and the overproof reason of the ecological environment parameter are one-to-one or one-to-many; the out-of-compliance reason and supervision schemes are one-to-one or one-to-many.
2. The invention relates to a rural environment quality comprehensive evaluation and supervision method, which is based on the rural environment quality comprehensive evaluation and supervision system and comprises the following steps:
(1) the method comprises the steps of obtaining environmental air, soil environment, water environment, ecological environment and human living environment parameter values reflecting the environmental quality of a target area, calculating the parameter values according to conventional evaluation indexes and characteristic evaluation indexes aiming at rural areas, and fully considering the characteristics of rural ecological systems and the availability of index data. The method specifically comprises the following steps: evaluation indexes of environmental air quality: SO (SO)2、NO2、PM10(ii) a Surface water quality assessment index: pH, CODMn、NH3-N, TP index value; and thirdly, underground water quality assessment index: pH, visual, olfactory, nitrate; fourthly, water quality assessment indexes of the surface water centralized drinking water source: 29 indexes in table 1 and table 2 of the standard for the quality of surface water environment (GB 3838-; and fifthly, evaluating the water quality of the underground water centralized drinking water source: 1-37 indexes in table 1 of groundwater quality standard (GB/T14848-2017); sixthly, soil environment quality assessment indexes are as follows: pH, cation exchange capacity, hexachloro cyclohexane and dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane, cadmium, mercury, arsenic, copper, lead, chromium, zinc, nickel and organic matter content; and the vegetation cover index is as follows: forest land area, grassland area, arable land area, land area; the invasion indexes of the foreign harmful species are: number of foreign harmful species, ecological hazards; ninthly, indexes in the aspect of rural living environment construction are reflected: the system comprises a rural domestic garbage harmless treatment rate, a domestic sewage treatment rate, a drinking water centralized water supply rate, a large-scale livestock and poultry farm excrement comprehensive utilization rate and a proportion of the number of residents using clean energy.
The characteristic evaluation index mark at least comprises the following components according to different categories: firstly, water environment quality indexes are as follows: pH, visual, olfactory and taste and nitrate; second, soil environment quality index: pesticides, heavy metals, and organic matter; thirdly, ecological environment quality index; vegetation cover and number of foreign harmful species, ecological hazards, the vegetation cover including woodland area, grassland area, arable area, land area; fourthly, the quality index of human living construction: the system comprises a rural domestic garbage harmless treatment rate, a domestic sewage treatment rate, a drinking water centralized water supply rate, a large-scale livestock and poultry farm excrement comprehensive utilization rate and a proportion of the number of residents using clean energy.
(2) Respectively carrying out normalization processing on the heterogeneous data obtained in the step (1) to obtain numerical values of an ambient air quality index, a water environment quality index, a soil environment quality index, an ecological environment quality index and a human living environment construction quality index; the calculation method is as follows:
wherein Q isairIs an air environment quality index; qsoilThe soil environment quality index is obtained; n isa、nsRespectively the standard-reaching frequency of the air environment quality parameter and the soil environment quality parameter; n is a radical ofa、NsRespectively monitoring the air environment quality parameter and the soil environment quality parameter; f is a normalization coefficient and is taken as 100;
wherein Q iswaterThe water environment quality index; n is1、n2、n3Monitoring the quality of the centralized drinking water source land, the surface water and the underground water environment respectively for reaching the standard frequency; n is a radical of1、N2、N3Monitoring frequency of centralized drinking water source, surface water and underground water environment quality respectively; w1、W2、W3Respectively taking the values of 0.5, 0.25 and 0.25 for corresponding weights, and if no surface water body exists in the region, then W is1、W2、W3Respectively taking the values of 0.5, 0 and 0.5;
Qeco＝0.7×Qveg+0.3×Qspe
wherein Q isecoIs an ecological environment quality index, QvegIs the vegetation coverage index, QspeAn index of invasion by a foreign harmful species; the vegetation coverage index is calculated according to the proportion of the total area of the forest land, the grassland and the cultivated land in the target area to the land area, and the value is between 0 and 100; the invasion index of the foreign harmful species is calculated according to the following three conditions: presence of foreign harmful species and causing ecological damage, presence of foreign harmful species and not causing ecological damage, and absence of foreign harmful species, the index values being 0, 60, 100 in order.
Qp＝20×(Q1+Q2+Q3+Q4+Q5) (1)
Qp＝25×(Q1+Q2+Q3+Q5) (2)
Wherein Q ispEstablishing an index for the human residential environment; q1The harmless treatment rate of the domestic garbage is high; q2The domestic sewage treatment rate; q3Centralized water supply rate of drinking water; q4The comprehensive utilization rate of the excrement of the large-scale livestock and poultry breeding is increased; q5The proportion of the number of residents using clean energy; under normal conditions, the calculation is carried out by using a formula (1), and the calculation is carried out by using a bulletin (2) for the area of the random modeling livestock and poultry farm.
Wherein M is1Is the number of harmless treated domestic garbage, M'1Generating total amount of domestic garbage; m2Is domestic sewage quantity, M 'treated by a sewage treatment facility'2The total amount of domestic sewage discharge; m3M 'of the population for obtaining drinking water in the form of a centralized water supply'3Is the general population; m4Comprehensive utilization amount of livestock and poultry breeding excrement, M'4The production amount of livestock and poultry breeding excrement; m5Is clean energy house number, M'5Is the total number of households.
(3) Calculating the rural environment quality comprehensive index values by respective weights for the data obtained by normalization;
and evaluating the 5 element index weights by adopting an expert consultation method. Through 3 rounds of expert consultation, opinion feedback and data analysis of 10 experts in the fields of environmental science, geography, ecology and the like, the weight of each element index is obtained, and the weights of the environmental air quality index, the water environment quality index, the soil environment quality index, the ecological environment quality index and the human living environment construction index are respectively 0.2, 0.3, 0.2 and 0.1. The overall environmental quality index Q is calculated according to the following formula:
Q＝0.2×Qair+0.3×Qwater+0.2×Qsoil+0.2×Qeco+0.1×Qp
(4) and grading the environmental quality of the target area according to the comprehensive index value of the rural environmental quality, and accurately mastering the rural environmental condition of the target area.
The environmental quality grades comprise five grades of excellent, good, medium, poor and poor, and the corresponding comprehensive environmental quality indexes are respectively: q is more than or equal to 90, Q is more than or equal to 75 and less than 90, Q is more than or equal to 60 and less than 75, Q is more than or equal to 40 and less than 60, and Q is less than or equal to 40.
(5) According to the result obtained in the step (4), identifying the problems existing in the rural environment of the target area, analyzing the reason of parameter exceeding standard based on a knowledge and experience base accumulated in long-term practice, outputting a corresponding environment supervision scheme with pertinence, and providing a flow-based and specific supervision content suggestion, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(51) the standard values of all parameters are preset in the application performance layer, the collected parameter data are compared with the standard values to obtain standard exceeding parameters, and standard exceeding reasons prestored in the system are output, wherein the standard exceeding reasons and the standard exceeding parameters are one-to-many, one-to-one or many-to-one;
(52) and the application expression layer outputs a preset supervision scheme according to the overproof reasons, wherein the supervision scheme and each overproof reason are one-to-many, one-to-one or many-to-one.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable advantages:
(1) the invention can solve the problems of shortage of basic data of rural environmental monitoring in China, lack of informatization and systematization management and the like, and promotes the sharing of rural environmental quality data across administrative boundaries and administrative departments through the construction of the platform; integrating the prior data of laws and regulations, technical policies, standards, practical technologies, regional typical cases and the like related to the rural environment, and providing information technical support for rural environment supervision, scientific research and the like; the system provides data support and technical support for monitoring, early warning and dynamic supervision of rural environment quality, and provides powerful tongs and a feasible path for deep development of rural environment supervision.
(2) The invention fills the blank of ecological environment big data in the rural environment supervision field, can reflect the basic situation of the rural environment quality in China in a multi-scale, multi-angle, multi-mode and multi-application way, provides technical support for the rural environment policy standard formulation, technical screening and evaluation, provides scientific and accurate basis for the user decision and management, and plays a positive role in promoting the improvement of the rural environment quality and the transformation of the current situation of the rural environment supervision.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained by combining the attached drawings.
Example 1
In the embodiment, a Yixing city is taken as a research object, and the rural environment quality comprehensive evaluation, environment problem diagnosis and supervision scheme generation process is described in detail.
1. Rural environment quality comprehensive assessment
Obtaining an environmental air evaluation index value SO2、NO2、PM10(ii) a Acquiring 29 index values in table 1 and table 2 of the surface water centralized drinking water source region 'surface water environment quality standard' (GB 3838-; obtaining a soil environment quality evaluation index value; acquiring index values of forest land area, grassland area, arable land area and land area; acquiring the number of foreign harmful species and an ecological hazard index value; acquiring indexes of the quantity of the harmless household garbage and the total quantity of the household garbage; acquiring index values of domestic sewage amount and domestic sewage discharge total amount treated by sewage treatment plants and other rural domestic sewage treatment facilities recommended by technical specifications; acquiring population and general population for obtaining drinking water in a centralized water supply mode; acquiring the livestock and poultry breeding excrement amount comprehensively utilized by a large-scale livestock and poultry farm or a breeding community and the total livestock and poultry breeding excrement generation amount of the large-scale livestock and poultry farm or the breeding community; and acquiring the number of the households using clean energy and the total number of the households.
Yixing city SO in environment monitoring data2The concentration range is 0.007-0.074 mg/m3，NO2The concentration range is 0.013-0.080 mg/m3，PM10The concentration range is 0.026-0.051 mg/m3The average concentration per day of the air meets the second-level standard of the average concentration in the environmental air quality standard (GB 3095-2012). In the aspect of water environment, the standard reaching rate of the water quality of a centralized drinking water source of a mountain crossing reservoir and an oil vehicle reservoir is 100%, 197 times of routine monitoring of the surface water quality are not up to the standard, and the standard reaching rate of the underground water environment quality is 50%. In the aspect of soil environment, each monitoring factor meets the corresponding requirement. In terms of ecological environment, the total area of Yixing forest land, grassland and cultivated land accounts for 60.42% of the land area, and foreign harmful invasive species such as alternanthera philoxeroides and solidago virgaurea exist, but do not cause ecological harm. In the aspect of human living environment, the harmless treatment rate of the domestic garbage is 100%, the treatment rate of the domestic sewage is 28.26%, the centralized water supply rate of the drinking water is 100%, the comprehensive utilization rate of the large-scale livestock and poultry breeding excrement is 96%, and the proportion of the number of residents using clean energy is 31.66%.
Data processing and calculation are carried out according to the steps of the method, and the result of comprehensive evaluation of rural environments in Yixing city is analyzed: (1) from the analysis of the conditions of the individual subentries, the environmental air quality index is 100, the water environment quality index is 70.225, the soil environment quality index is 100, the ecological environment quality index is 88, and the human living environment construction index score is 71.194. (2) The Yixing rural environment has better quality, the rural environment quality index is 85.79, and the evaluation grade is good.
Meanwhile, the evaluation and supervision system of the invention shows that the evaluation grade is good for the comprehensive evaluation score 85.79 of the environment quality in the Yixing countryside, wherein the environmental air quality index is 100, the water environment quality index is 70.225, the soil environment quality index is 100, the ecological environment quality index is 88, and the human living environment construction index score is 71.194.
2. Environmental problem diagnostics
According to the rural environment quality comprehensive evaluation result and monitoring index values of the construction of environmental air, water environment, soil environment, ecological environment and human living environment, the problems existing in the rural environment are identified by contrasting corresponding standards, and corresponding overproof reasons are analyzed according to the regional environment characteristics and long-term accumulated cases and experiences.
(1) And (3) diagnosis: the Yixing rural environment quality comprehensive evaluation score is 85.79, the evaluation grade is good, the overall situation is good, and the water environment quality and human living environment construction index score is low and needs to be further improved.
(2) Ambient air problem diagnosis
1) And (3) a diagnosis process: comparing standards such as environmental air quality standard (GB3095-2012), modification bill, environmental impact evaluation technology guide-atmospheric environment (HJ 2.2-2018) appendix D and the like, and judging whether an environmental air monitoring factor exceeds the standard; and secondly, if the monitoring factors exceed the standard, judging the reason of the exceeding of the environmental air monitoring factors according to the table 1.
Table 1 summary table of experience of reasons for excessive environmental air quality
2) Example diagnostic results: the environmental air monitoring factors in Yixing rural areas all reach the standard, and the environmental air quality problem is avoided.
(3) Diagnosis of water environmental problems
1) And (3) a diagnosis process: judging whether the water quality monitoring factors exceed standards by referring to the surface water environment quality standard (GB3838-2002) and the underground water environment quality standard (GB/T14848-2017); and secondly, if the monitoring factors exceed the standard, judging the reason of the exceeding of the monitoring factors of the water environment according to tables 2 and 3.
Table 2 empirical summary table of reasons why surface water environment quality exceeds standard
TABLE 3 summary table of experience of reasons for overproof groundwater environment quality
2) Example diagnostic results: surface water and underground water in rural areas in Yixing city have environmental problems. Recognizing that the permanganate in the surface water exceeds the standard, and judging possible reasons for exceeding the standard comprises the following steps: discharging organic industrial wastewater, domestic sewage, livestock and poultry breeding pollutants and drainage basin pollution; identifying that the ammonia nitrogen in the surface water exceeds the standard, and judging possible reasons for exceeding the standard comprises the following steps: discharging nitrogen-containing industrial wastewater, domestic sewage, livestock and poultry breeding pollutants and drainage basin pollution; identifying that the nitrate in the underground water exceeds the standard, and judging possible reasons for exceeding the standard comprise: underground sewage discharge of nitrate-containing industrial wastewater, leakage of livestock and poultry breeding pollutants, leakage of excessive chemical fertilizer along with irrigation and rainwater, and leakage of domestic sewage.
(4) Soil environmental problem diagnosis
1) And (3) a diagnosis process: relevant standards such as management and control standards (GB36600-2018) for soil pollution risk of soil environment quality construction land (trial), management and control standards (GB 15618-2018) for soil pollution risk of soil environment quality agricultural land (trial), and soil general survey nutrient grading for the second time in China are compared to judge whether the soil environment monitoring factor reaches the standard or not; and secondly, if the monitoring factors do not reach the standard, judging the pollution reasons of the soil environment monitoring factors according to the table 4.
TABLE 4 summary table of experience of causes of soil environment not reaching standards
2) Example diagnostic results: soil environment monitoring factors in Yixing rural areas all meet corresponding requirements, and the problem of soil environment quality does not exist.
(5) Diagnosis of ecological environmental problems
1) And (3) a diagnosis process: comparing the vegetation coverage index and the foreign harmful species invasion index value with a historical value and a government target value respectively, and judging whether the index value score is reduced or not; if the index value score is reduced or lower than the government target value, judging the possible reason of the ecological environment deterioration according to the table 5.
TABLE 5 summary of experience of causes of deterioration of ecological environment
2) Example diagnostic results: the vegetation cover and the index score of the external pests in the Yixing rural areas are not reduced and are not lower than the expected value of the government, and the ecological environment quality problem is avoided.
(5) Human living environment construction problem diagnosis
1) And (3) a diagnosis process: the method comprises the steps of firstly, comparing a statistical value of the harmless treatment rate of domestic garbage, the treatment rate of domestic sewage, the centralized water supply rate of drinking water, the comprehensive utilization rate of excrement of large-scale livestock and poultry farms and the proportion of the number of residents using clean energy with a historical statistical value and a government target value, and secondly, if the statistical value is reduced or is lower than the government target value, determining that the statistical value exceeds the standard, wherein the corresponding reasons are as follows.
TABLE 6 summary of experience of construction lag reasons for human settlements
3) Example diagnostic results: the domestic waste harmless treatment rate, the domestic sewage treatment rate, the drinking water centralized water supply rate, the large-scale livestock and poultry farm excrement comprehensive utilization rate and the proportion of the number of residents using clean energy in the Yixing rural areas are not reduced, but the proportion of the domestic sewage treatment rate and the number of residents using the clean energy is lower than the expected value of the government.
The reason for the lag in the domestic sewage treatment rate is as follows: the toilet changing rate of the rural sanitary toilet is not up to standard, the rural domestic sewage collecting pipe network is not sound, the rural domestic sewage treatment facility is not sound, the rural domestic sewage operation team is not sound, and the rural domestic sewage management mechanism is not sound.
The reason why the proportion of the number of the residents using the clean energy is lagged is as follows: the method comprises the following steps of firstly, few clean energy supply facilities are not provided in an area, secondly, an area clean energy supply pipe network is not sound, thirdly, an area clean energy popularization mechanism is not sound, and fourthly, an area clean energy policy is not sound, and an area clean energy policy is not sound.
3. Supervisory scheme generation
And outputting a targeted environment supervision scheme based on a knowledge experience base accumulated in long-term practice according to the environmental problem diagnosis result in the decision support system, and providing a streamlined and specific supervision content suggestion.
Aiming at the problem that the permanganate in the surface water of Yixing rural areas exceeds the standard, a supervision scheme is output: 1) checking enterprise online monitoring data; 2) investigating the running condition of the environmental protection facilities of the organic wastewater discharge enterprises; 3) investigating the operating condition of the domestic sewage treatment facility; 4) and (5) investigating the discharge of livestock and poultry breeding pollutants.
Aiming at the problem that the ammonia nitrogen in the surface water exceeds the standard in the Yixing rural areas, a supervision scheme is output: 1) investigating the running condition of the nitrogen-containing wastewater discharge enterprise environmental protection facilities; 2) investigating the operating condition of the domestic sewage treatment facility; 3) and (5) investigating the discharge of livestock and poultry breeding pollutants.
Aiming at the problem of overproof nitrate in underground water in Yixing rural areas, a supervision scheme is output: 1) investigating nitrate-containing industrial wastewater discharge enterprises; 2) investigating the stacking and treatment conditions of livestock and poultry breeding wastes; 3) investigating leakage conditions of domestic sewage treatment facilities; 4) and (5) agricultural non-point source pollution discharge investigation.
The supervision scheme knowledge bases accumulated according to long-term practice are all preset in the system, and are specifically shown in the following tables 7-15.
TABLE 7 ambient air supervision schemes
TABLE 8 supervision scheme for surface water environment
TABLE 9 groundwater supervision scheme
TABLE 10 soil Environment supervision protocols
TABLE 11 ecological environment supervision scheme
Table 12 domestic refuse collection and treatment monitoring scheme
Table 13 domestic sewage treatment supervision scheme
Table 14 centralized drinking water supervision scheme
TABLE 15 supervision scheme for feces of large-scale livestock and poultry farm
Claims (8)
1. A rural environment quality comprehensive assessment and supervision system is characterized by comprising a communication network layer, a data center layer, an application support layer, an application service layer and an application presentation layer;
the communication network layer is used for communication between the system platform and the environment monitoring sensor;
the data center layer comprises a basic geographic database, a remote sensing database, a conventional ground monitoring database and a thematic database and is used for storing different types of data;
the application supporting layer comprises a GIS platform and a middleware, and the GIS platform manages, analyzes and displays the geographic distribution data; the middleware is used for aggregating dispersed and heterogeneous data and realizing seamless access and integration across databases through a uniform access entrance;
the application service layer comprises a data management subsystem and a data analysis and evaluation subsystem; the data management subsystem preprocesses data in the data center layer according to the service function and integrates the data according to service requirements such as region, time and the like; the data analysis and evaluation subsystem is used for data time analysis, space analysis and rural environment quality evaluation;
the application presentation layer comprises information management and sharing, environment quality supervision and decision support, wherein the information management and sharing comprises data inquiry, browsing and screening; the environment quality supervision is used for displaying rural environment quality evaluation results and outputting environmental problem diagnosis results; the decision support is to output an environment supervision scheme according to an environment problem diagnosis result.
2. The rural environmental quality comprehensive assessment and supervision system according to claim 1, wherein the spatial analysis is to display monitoring data by classification according to atmospheric, water, soil, ecological, and human living environment, automatically mark corresponding monitoring points in a map according to different categories, and implement data comparison display in a data list in the form of a chart; the time analysis is to display or screen different data information of all time, a period of time and a certain time point of a target area; and the rural environment quality evaluation is used for evaluating the environmental air, soil environment, water environment, ecological environment, human living environment condition and rural environment comprehensive quality of the target area.
3. A rural environment quality comprehensive assessment and supervision method is based on the rural environment quality comprehensive assessment and supervision system of claims 1-2, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) acquiring index data of environmental air, soil environment, water environment, ecological environment and human living environment reflecting the environmental quality of a target area, wherein the index data comprises conventional evaluation indexes and characteristic evaluation indexes aiming at rural areas;
(2) respectively carrying out normalization processing on the heterogeneous data obtained in the step (1) to obtain an ambient air quality index, a water environment quality index, a soil environment quality index, an ecological environment quality index and a human living environment construction quality index;
(3) calculating the rural environment quality comprehensive index values by respective weights for the data obtained by normalization;
(4) grading the environmental quality of the target area according to the rural environmental quality comprehensive index value;
(5) and (4) identifying the problems existing in the rural environment of the target area according to the result obtained in the step (4), analyzing the reason, and outputting a corresponding environment supervision scheme.
4. The rural environmental quality comprehensive assessment and supervision method according to claim 3, wherein the characteristic assessment index comprises at least: (1) water environment quality index: pH, visual, olfactory and taste and nitrate; (2) the soil environment quality index is as follows: pesticides, heavy metals, and organic matter; (3) ecological environment quality index; vegetation cover and number of foreign harmful species, ecological hazards, the vegetation cover including woodland area, grassland area, arable area, land area; (4) human settlement construction indexes: the system comprises a rural domestic garbage harmless treatment rate, a domestic sewage treatment rate, a drinking water centralized water supply rate, a large-scale livestock and poultry farm excrement comprehensive utilization rate and a proportion of the number of residents using clean energy.
5. The rural environmental quality comprehensive assessment and supervision method according to claim 3, characterized in that the index corresponding to each parameter is obtained by normalizing each ecological environmental quality index according to the following formula:
wherein Q isairIs an air environment quality index; qsoilThe soil environment quality index is obtained; n isa、nsRespectively the standard-reaching frequency of the air environment quality index and the soil environment quality index; n is a radical ofa、NsRespectively monitoring the air environment quality index and the soil environment quality index; f is a normalization coefficient and is taken as 100;
wherein Q iswaterThe water environment quality index; n is1、n2、n3Monitoring the standard-reaching frequency for quality indexes of a centralized drinking water source area, surface water and underground water environment respectively; n is a radical of1、N2、N3Monitoring frequency for quality indexes of centralized drinking water source areas, surface water and underground water environment respectively; w1、W2、W3Respectively taking the values of 0.5, 0.25 and 0.25 for corresponding weights, and if no surface water body exists in the region, then W is1、W2、W3Respectively taking the values of 0.5, 0 and 0.5; f is a normalization coefficient and is taken as 100;
Qeco＝0.7×Qveg+0.3×Qspe
wherein Q isecoIs an ecological environment quality index, QvegIs the vegetation coverage index, QspeAn index of invasion by a foreign harmful species; the vegetation coverage index is calculated according to the proportion of the total area of the forest land, the grassland and the cultivated land in the target area to the land area, and the value is between 0 and 100; the invasion index of the foreign harmful species is calculated according to the following three conditions: the presence of foreign harmful species and causing ecological damage, the presence of foreign harmful species and not causing ecological damage, and the absence of foreign harmful species, the values being in the order of 0, 60, 100.
Qp＝20×(Q1+Q2+Q3+Q4+Q5) (1)
Qp＝25×(Q1+Q2+Q3+Q5) (2)
Wherein Q isPEstablishing an index for the human residential environment; q1The harmless treatment rate of the domestic garbage is high; q2The domestic sewage treatment rate; q3Centralized water supply rate of drinking water; q4The comprehensive utilization rate of the excrement of the large-scale livestock and poultry breeding is increased; q5The proportion of the number of residents using clean energy; under normal conditions, the calculation is carried out by using a formula (1), and the calculation is carried out by using a bulletin (2) for the area of the random modeling livestock and poultry farm.
Wherein M is1Is the number of harmless treated domestic garbage, M'1Generating total amount of domestic garbage; m2Is domestic sewage quantity, M 'treated by a sewage treatment facility'2The total amount of domestic sewage discharge; m3M 'of the population for obtaining drinking water in the form of a centralized water supply'3Is the general population; m4Comprehensive utilization amount of livestock and poultry breeding excrement, M'4The production amount of livestock and poultry breeding excrement; m5Is counted by clean energy house, M'5Is a main householdAnd (4) counting.
6. The rural environmental quality comprehensive assessment and supervision method according to claim 3, wherein the comprehensive environmental quality index Q in the step (3) is calculated according to the following formula:
Q＝0.2×Qair+0.3×Qwater+0.2×Qsoil+0.2×Qeco+0.1×Qp
7. the rural environmental quality comprehensive assessment and supervision method according to claim 3, wherein the ecological environmental quality classification in step (4) comprises five grades of excellent, good, medium, poor and poor, and the corresponding rural environmental quality comprehensive index values are respectively: q is more than or equal to 90, Q is more than or equal to 75 and less than 90, Q is more than or equal to 60 and less than 75, Q is more than or equal to 40 and less than 60, and Q is less than or equal to 40.
8. The rural environmental quality comprehensive assessment and supervision method according to claim 3, wherein the step (5) specifically comprises:
(51) the standard values of all parameters are preset in an application performance layer of the system, collected parameter data are compared with the standard values to obtain standard exceeding parameters, and standard exceeding reasons prestored in the system are output, wherein the standard exceeding reasons and the standard exceeding parameters are one-to-many, one-to-one or many-to-one;
(52) and the application performance layer of the system outputs a preset supervision scheme according to the overproof reasons, wherein the supervision scheme and each overproof reason are one-to-many, one-to-one or many-to-one.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112579978A (en) * | 2020-12-18 | 2021-03-30 | 创意信息技术股份有限公司 | Urban ecological environment comprehensive analysis method |
| CN113222543A (en) * | 2021-05-06 | 2021-08-06 | 陕西欣合信息技术有限公司 | Human living environment improvement and supervision platform |
| CN113283809A (en) * | 2021-06-29 | 2021-08-20 | 重庆交通大学 | Logistics monitoring system for rural industry |
| CN116720752A (en) * | 2023-08-07 | 2023-09-08 | 济宁金虹装配式建筑科技有限公司 | Assembled building quality information supervision system based on big data |
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2020
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112579978A (en) * | 2020-12-18 | 2021-03-30 | 创意信息技术股份有限公司 | Urban ecological environment comprehensive analysis method |
| CN113222543A (en) * | 2021-05-06 | 2021-08-06 | 陕西欣合信息技术有限公司 | Human living environment improvement and supervision platform |
| CN113283809A (en) * | 2021-06-29 | 2021-08-20 | 重庆交通大学 | Logistics monitoring system for rural industry |
| CN116720752A (en) * | 2023-08-07 | 2023-09-08 | 济宁金虹装配式建筑科技有限公司 | Assembled building quality information supervision system based on big data |
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