CN1117964C - Method and special microscopic device for measuring size of fibre - Google Patents
Method and special microscopic device for measuring size of fibre Download PDFInfo
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- CN1117964C CN1117964C CN 00105546 CN00105546A CN1117964C CN 1117964 C CN1117964 C CN 1117964C CN 00105546 CN00105546 CN 00105546 CN 00105546 A CN00105546 A CN 00105546A CN 1117964 C CN1117964 C CN 1117964C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a method and a device for measuring fibre dimension. The method comprises the steps: firstly, manufacturing a fibre sample; then, collecting a fibre image; separating the background of the fibre image; identifying fibre track; measuring fibre dimension; counting and calculating fibre dimension. The device of the present invention comprises an eye lens, an objective lens, a sample table, a light source, a camera and an interface accessory. The fibre measurement method of the present invention and the special reasonable and compact micro-measurement device make the measurement of fibre dimension rapid and accurate and the measurement error greatly decreased.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of measuring size of fibre method and device, belong to micrometering amount technical field.
Background technology
Parameters such as fibre diameter are to weigh the important symbol of its product quality, and these parameters are accepted as international standard by international wool fiber tissue (IWTO).In order to measure fibre diameter and relevant parameter, developed serial of methods in the world.Wherein the method for comparative maturity and widespread use has the projection microscopy and based on the method for computer image analysis.
The development of projection microscopy is comparatively ripe, be widely adopted in China, but there are many unsurmountable shortcomings own in it.These shortcomings are mainly:
(1) slow, the inefficiency of measuring speed.The fibre diameter of projection microscopy measure fully by artificial in the darkroom one one carry out, so its measuring speed is very slow, inefficiency.
(2) expense height.Projection microscopy measuring speed is slow and labour intensity is big, in actual measurement, need employ more people and purchase more instrument, and this has increased cost virtually.
(3) measuring accuracy is low.Measurement result can be subjected to bigger interference from human factor manually, thereby has reduced measuring accuracy and confidence level, makes that measurement result is difficult to be admitted.Under the at present more and more fierce international competition environment, the result that this measuring method of domestic employing is measured can't be admitted by the relevant manufacturer in the world.
Along with the development of technology, the especially development of computing machine and image processing techniques, it is more and more feasible to utilize computing machine to carry out the measurement of fibre diameter and correlation parameter.The optical fiber diameter analyser (OFDA) that is provided by Australian manufacturer is just used by some units at present, and from its behaviour in service, it is more convenient and much quick than sciagraphy.Its ultimate principle is that fibre image is carried out micro-amplification and and micro-enlarged image handled and measuring size of fibre.Though this instrument efficient is higher, comes with some shortcomings equally:
(1) drive motor of microscope stage is a side suspension, so discontinuity;
(2) image pick-up card of this instrument selection is a kind of high speed image card, therefore makes its cost of manufacture very expensive, and its versatility also descends greatly simultaneously;
(3) the employed light source of OFDA is a switchable light source, its objective is to produce the light and shade field so that satisfy different Flame Image Process needs.The changeable complicacy that has caused light source manufacturing and control of this light source;
(4) the software work platform is under the DOS, and data file can not be shared with other software, do not have management function;
(5) this product price is very expensive, has therefore greatly limited its widespread use.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to propose a kind of measuring size of fibre method and special microscopic device.Computing machine, control, micro-and image processing techniques are combined, developed measuring size of fibre method and apparatus based on the fiber shape feature.Owing to adopted unique technique, made it have tangible technical advance.
The measuring size of fibre method that the present invention proposes comprises following each step:
(1) fiber sample is made:
Clean and dry after fiber be that 2 millimeters catling cutting back forms length at 2 millimeters fiber through the blade spacing, it is on glass that the fiber after the cut-out is spread in uniform in sample preparation through dispenser, the spreading time was generally 30 seconds.On the glass sheet of fiber spreading, cover a sheet glass again, fiber is clamped.So just finished the making of fiber sample.
(2) fibre image collection:
Image after the fibre image collection is meant fiber sample amplified by microscope collects in the calculator memory through camera, image pick-up card.
(3) fibre image background separation:
The fibre image background separation is meant to be separated fiber imaging moiety in the fibre image with other parts.The principle of its separation is to have tangible difference according to the fibre image part with other parts on gray scale, the gray-scale value that this difference is mainly the fibre image part is bigger, and other parts are less, therefore can fiber and other parts be separated by selecting a middle dividing value.
(4) fiber tracking identification:
Fiber size is determined that by its profile information it is very crucial therefore extracting its profile information.Here the method for Cai Yonging realizes for the boundary chain code tracking, in tracing process, the border that recognizes is identified with particular color, and its coordinate figure is recorded in the calculator memory, so that subsequent treatment.
(5) measuring size of fibre:
Measuring size of fibre is the purpose of this method, and measurement parameter all calculates from the fiber border, and these parameters are:
Fibre diameter: the fiber mid point is along the distance between the outline line of fiber vertical direction measurement fiber both sides;
Fiber bending rate: the fiber bending curvature of pointing out in the fiber.
(6) fiber size statistical computation:
There is very big randomness in single fiber size in the fiber sample, therefore has only its statistical parameter and distribute to reflect its quality better.The statistical parameter that this method is given and being distributed as
(a) statistical parameter
Standard variance (all measurement parameters):
E is a mathematical expectation
5% thickest coarse fiber and average fibre diameter are poor: 5% coarse wool average fibre diameter-average fibre diameter
5% fine fibre and average fibre diameter are poor: the fine, soft fur average fibre diameter of average fibre diameter-5%
(b) distribute
Distribution of fiber diameters: fiber number is with the probability distribution of variation in fiber diameter
The fiber bending rate distributes: fiber number is with the probability distribution of fiber curved transition
The projection size distribution: fiber number is with the probability distribution of fiber initiation size
Unit length upper process distributed number: fiber number is with the probability distribution of unit length upper process quantity
The measuring size of fibre special microscopic device that the present invention proposes comprises eyepiece, object lens, sample stage, light source, and sample stage places the object lens below, and light source places the sample stage below; Also comprise camera and interface annex, described camera places the microscope equipment top by the interface annex; Described light source is a monochromatic source; Described sample stage is the step motor drive worktable, this worktable comprises base, x direction work top, y direction work top, x direction stepper motor and y direction stepper motor, and x direction stepper motor and y direction stepper motor are separately fixed at the both sides of y direction work top; Described base is fixed on the microscope equipment sample stage stand, and the base both sides have y direction sun slideway, and ball is arranged in the slideway, and a side of base is fixed with y direction tooth bar, the gearing mesh of this tooth bar and y direction stepper motor; Described y direction work top comprises table top, the cloudy slideway of x direction and the cloudy slideway of y direction, the central authorities of table top have unthreaded hole, the both sides of table top are projection, the inboard of both sides projection is the cloudy slideway of y direction, the cloudy slideway of y direction becomes to be slidingly matched by ball with the y direction sun slideway of base both sides respectively, and the cloudy slideway of x direction is perpendicular to the cloudy slideway of y direction; Described x direction work top comprises contiguous block, slideway piece and x direction tooth bar, x direction tooth bar is fixed on the slideway piece, x direction tooth bar is meshed with the gear of x direction stepper motor, the last end face relative fixed of the last end face of contiguous block and slideway piece, the following end face of contiguous block is a U type structure table top, U type table top stretches out and is in y direction work top bottom, and the both sides of slideway piece have x direction sun slideway, and x direction sun slideway becomes to be slidingly matched by ball with the cloudy slideway of the x direction on the y direction work top.
Stepper motor in the above-mentioned microscope equipment is controlled by dedicated control circuit, and this control circuit comprises two micropulsers, is used to produce rect.p.; Two eight are selected a selector switch, are used for the selection to rect.p.; And an operational amplifier, be used for voltage amplification output back control step motor.
Because advanced person's proposed by the invention fiber measurement method and reasonable, compact special-purpose micro-measurement apparatus make (1) measuring size of fibre fast, accurately; (2) fiber size of being surveyed has almost comprised the contour feature all about fiber; (3) owing to adopt advanced measuring method and rational device, make that the relative like product of its cost is much lower; (4) owing to critical component sample stage in the special microscopic device has adopted rationally, compact structure, make its life-span obtain prolonging greatly, caused measuring error is greatly reduced.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the special-purpose micro-measurement apparatus structural representation that is used for the inventive method.
Fig. 2 is the three-dimensional view from the sample stage of A to observing micro-measurement apparatus of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a y direction work top in the sample stage.
Fig. 4 is an x direction work top in the sample stage.
Fig. 5 is stepping motor control circuit figure in the microscope equipment.
1 is camera among Fig. 1 one Fig. 4, the 2nd, and utilizing camera interface annex, the 3rd, eyepiece, the 4th, object lens, the 5th, fiber sample, the 6th, sample stage, the 7th, light source, the 8th, x direction work top, the 9th, y direction work top, the 10th, y direction stepper motor, the 11st, y direction tooth bar, the 12nd, base, the 13rd, y direction sun slideway, the 14th, x direction stepper motor, the 15th, slideway ball, the 16th, slideway part, the 17th, the cloudy slideway of x direction, the 18th, unthreaded hole, the 19th, the cloudy slideway of y direction, the 20th, table top part, the 21st, contiguous block, the 22nd, end face on the contiguous block, the 23rd, the slideway piece, the 24th, U type table top, the 25th, tooth bar, the 26th, x direction sun slideway, among Fig. 5, U1 and U2 are micropulsers, and S1 and S2 eight select a selector switch, and M1 is an operational amplifier.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, the present invention is directed to the measuring size of fibre method, the special microscopic device of design comprises eyepiece 3, object lens 4, sample stage 6, light source 7, and sample stage places the object lens below, and light source 7 places sample stage 6 belows; Also comprise camera 1 and interface annex 2.Camera 1 places the microscope equipment top by interface annex 2.Light source 7 is laser or monochromatic source.Sample stage 6 is the step motor drive worktable, and this worktable comprises base 12, x direction work top 8, y direction work top 9, x direction stepper motor 14 and y direction stepper motor 10.Base 12 is fixed on the microscope equipment sample stage stand, and base 12 both sides have y direction sun slideway, and ball 13 is arranged in the slideway, and wherein a side is fixed with tooth bar 11, the gearing mesh of this tooth bar and y direction stepper motor 10.Y direction work top 9 is made up of table top 20 and slideway 16 two parts.The central authorities of table top part have unthreaded hole 18, and both sides are projection, and the inboard of both sides projection respectively has the cloudy slideway 19 of y direction, and the cloudy slideway of this y direction becomes to be slidingly matched by ball with the y direction sun slideway of base both sides respectively.Slideway part 16 is perpendicular to table top part 20, and the both sides of slideway are projection, and the inboard of both sides projection respectively has y direction sun slideway 17.X direction work top comprises contiguous block 21, table top 24 and tooth bar 25; The last end face 22 of contiguous block and the last end face relative fixed of slideway piece, the following end face of contiguous block is a U type structure table top; U type table top stretches out the bottom that is in y direction work top 9.Tooth bar 25 is housed on the end face of slideway piece, and this tooth bar is meshed with the gear of x direction stepper motor 14, and the both sides of slideway piece have x direction sun slideway 26, and this x direction sun slideway is slidingly matched for 15 one-tenth by ball with the cloudy slideway of the x direction on the y direction work top.
The fiber zoom microscope mainly contains and consists of
(1) light source
Microscope light source adopts transmitted light, and light source adopts light emitting diode.
The spectral characteristic of microscope light source will influence the micro-image quality of tested fiber.According to characteristics such as fiber shapes, it is carried out optical analysis draw, in order to obtain to help the further fibre image of processing, selected light source is monochromatic light or laser.
(2) worktable
Shown in figure three, worktable is to realize that the fiber sample be placed on it can finish the geneva motion of x and two horizontal directions of y under computer control, so this worktable essence is a two-dimentional work bench.Worktable is made up of x direction work top, x direction stepper motor, y direction work top, y direction stepper motor, table base and Stepping Motor Control circuit.The motion of x direction is that the relative motion by x direction work top and y direction work top realizes; The motion of y direction realizes by y direction work top and table base relative motion.Driving between all relative movement parts all is to realize by gear on the motor shaft and tooth bar, and the support between moving component is finished by the V-type ball slideway.
Stepper motor driving circuit is shown in figure four.It is 5V, cycle to be that tens milliseconds rect.p. or voltage is that 25V, cycle are the rect.p. about 4 seconds that control circuit produces voltage.
Two 555 micropulsers among the figure five produce rect.p., wherein oscillation period:
T
1＝(R
1+R
2)·C·ln2＝(10K+5K+10K)×1μF×ln2＝17.3ms
T
2＝(R
1+R
2)·C·ln2＝(170K+20K+50K)×22μF×ln2＝3.7s
Dutycycle
And can regulate by adjustable resistance wherein.
Rectangular pulse signal outputs to two 74,151 eight and selects on the selector switch, and by Enable and Control signal wire, 74,151 eight to select output cycle on the 5th pin of a selector switch be 3.7 seconds rect.p. constantly or at first to be controlled at certain; The output cycle is 17.3 milliseconds a rect.p. on second 74,151 eight the 5th pin that selects a selector switch.If the cycle of being output as is 3.7 seconds a rect.p., output signal is imported in the MAX578 operational amplifier, the MAX578 operational amplifier is a voltage amplifier, and the rect.p. of 5V is enlarged into the rect.p. of 25V, by pin one and through unidirectional conducting diode output signal.
(3) object lens magnification should be 4 * or 5 *.
Camera is monochromatic camera, and its imaging is face between 1/2 to 1/4.
The purpose of image acquisition be image acquisition with camera output in computing machine, make it become the accessible dot matrix image that quantizes of computing machine.Image pick-up card is the universal multimedia card.
Claims (2)
1, a kind of measuring size of fibre special microscopic device comprises eyepiece, object lens, sample stage, light source, and sample stage places the object lens below, and light source places the sample stage below; It is characterized in that also comprising camera and interface annex, described camera places the microscope equipment top by the interface annex; Described light source is a monochromatic source; Described sample stage is the step motor drive worktable, this worktable comprises base, x direction work top, y direction work top, x direction stepper motor and y direction stepper motor, and x direction stepper motor and y direction stepper motor are separately fixed at the both sides of y direction work top; Described base is fixed on the microscope equipment sample stage stand, and the base both sides have y direction sun slideway, and ball is arranged in the slideway, and a side of base is fixed with y direction tooth bar, the gearing mesh of this tooth bar and y direction stepper motor; Described y direction work top comprises table top, the cloudy slideway of x direction and the cloudy slideway of y direction, the central authorities of table top have unthreaded hole, the both sides of table top are projection, the inboard of both sides projection is the cloudy slideway of y direction, the cloudy slideway of y direction becomes to be slidingly matched by ball with the y direction sun slideway of base both sides respectively, and the cloudy slideway of x direction is perpendicular to the cloudy slideway of y direction; Described x direction work top comprises contiguous block, slideway piece and x direction tooth bar, x direction tooth bar is fixed on the slideway piece, x direction tooth bar is meshed with the gear of x direction stepper motor, the last end face relative fixed of the last end face of contiguous block and slideway piece, the following end face of contiguous block is a U type structure table top, U type table top stretches out and is in y direction work top bottom, and the both sides of slideway piece have x direction sun slideway, and x direction sun slideway becomes to be slidingly matched by ball with the cloudy slideway of the x direction on the y direction work top.
2, special microscopic device as claimed in claim 1, wherein said stepping motor control circuit comprises two micropulsers, be used to produce rect.p., two eight are selected a selector switch, be used for selection to rect.p., and an operational amplifier, be used for voltage amplification output back control step motor.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 00105546 CN1117964C (en) | 2000-03-31 | 2000-03-31 | Method and special microscopic device for measuring size of fibre |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 00105546 CN1117964C (en) | 2000-03-31 | 2000-03-31 | Method and special microscopic device for measuring size of fibre |
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| CN1264823A CN1264823A (en) | 2000-08-30 |
| CN1117964C true CN1117964C (en) | 2003-08-13 |
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| CN 00105546 Expired - Fee Related CN1117964C (en) | 2000-03-31 | 2000-03-31 | Method and special microscopic device for measuring size of fibre |
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| CN1296679C (en) * | 2004-12-14 | 2007-01-24 | 东华大学 | Length and linear density combined test method of synthesized fiber |
| US8290275B2 (en) | 2006-01-20 | 2012-10-16 | Kansai Paint Co., Ltd. | Effective pigment identification method, identification system, identification program, and recording medium therefor |
| CN101324429B (en) * | 2008-07-11 | 2011-03-30 | 中国科学院电工研究所 | High precision measurement method of scanning probe microscope |
| CN101354240B (en) * | 2008-07-15 | 2010-06-02 | 南京航空航天大学 | Micro nano-scale fiber high precision measuring method based on optical microscopy |
| CN101738169B (en) * | 2010-01-22 | 2011-07-27 | 山东省农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所 | Method for measuring diameter of swine skeletal muscle fiber |
| CN103115576B (en) * | 2011-11-16 | 2015-08-12 | 上海罗洋新材料科技有限公司 | A kind of special-shaped cross-section fiber equivalent diameter method of testing |
| CN103115923A (en) * | 2013-01-28 | 2013-05-22 | 上海新纤仪器有限公司 | High-luminous-intensity light source microscope as well as image identification and analysis device and application |
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| CN104777604A (en) * | 2015-04-16 | 2015-07-15 | 浙江大学 | Positionable microscopic imaging system on basis of USB microscopic probe and stepping scanning table |
| CN105005139A (en) * | 2015-07-08 | 2015-10-28 | 安徽瑞宏信息科技有限公司 | High-luminous-intensity light source microscope and image discrimination analyzing device and application |
| CN106091956A (en) * | 2016-04-21 | 2016-11-09 | 克拉玛依市白碱滩区林牧生态研究院 | A kind of animal fiber fineness length method for quick and system |
| CN106091955A (en) * | 2016-04-21 | 2016-11-09 | 克拉玛依市白碱滩区林牧生态研究院 | A kind of animal fiber fineness method for quick |
| CN105973157A (en) * | 2016-04-21 | 2016-09-28 | 新疆畜牧科学院畜牧业质量标准研究所（新疆维吾尔自治区种羊与羊毛羊绒质量安全监督检验中心） | Animal fiber test section partitioning and fine measurement method |
| CN107219223A (en) * | 2017-01-12 | 2017-09-29 | 北京远心科技有限责任公司 | The thick automatic content test method of chamber hair |
| CN106767439A (en) * | 2017-02-13 | 2017-05-31 | 北京和众视野科技有限公司 | Natural textile fiber length-measuring appliance and its measuring method |
| CN111336954B (en) * | 2020-02-27 | 2022-04-12 | 中国纺织工程学会 | Method for automatically classifying fiber cross sections and automatically calculating areas |
| CN113176261A (en) * | 2021-04-13 | 2021-07-27 | 浙江毅聚新材料有限公司 | Method for detecting fiber doubling rate |
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