CN111796008B - Evaluation solidified Cu 2+ Method for repairing effect of polluted kaolin - Google Patents
Evaluation solidified Cu 2+ Method for repairing effect of polluted kaolin Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for evaluating solidified Cu 2+ The method for repairing the effect of the polluted kaolin comprises the seven processes of preparation of a polluted soil sample, preparation of a test specimen, test of an electrochemical impedance spectrum, test evaluation of the electrochemical impedance, fitting of an equivalent circuit diagram of the polluted soil, evaluation of a fitting result, comprehensive evaluation of corrosivity of the polluted soil and the like. In the method, the intersection point of a Nyquist curve of the polluted soil sample and a real impedance part under the same test condition is compared with the capacitive reactance arc radius of the curve, and the larger the intersection point is, the smaller the capacitive reactance arc radius is, the better the remediation effect of the polluted soil is; the smaller the intersection point is, the larger the radius of the capacitive reactance arc is, the poorer the repair effect is; from the Bode diagram, the smaller the impedance modulus value is, the better the repairing effect is, and conversely, the effect is worse. The method for evaluating the corrosivity of the polluted soil has the advantages of simple required testing device, high measuring precision and convenience in operation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of polluted soil restoration tests, in particular to a method for evaluating solidified Cu 2+ A method for repairing the effect of polluted kaolin.
Background
The evaluation and treatment of the polluted soil relate to the multidisciplinary fields of geotechnical engineering, environmental engineering, soil science, chemical and chemical engineering, testing technology and the like, and are hot problems which are not completely solved internationally. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy is widely applied to multiple disciplines and gradually becomes a powerful means for researching the durability of building materials, so that a new idea is provided for the application research of the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy theory in the field of geotechnical engineering; based on the theory of electrochemical impedance spectrum, the relationship among mineral components, macroscopic performance and electrochemical characteristics in different types of polluted soil is tested by adopting various testing methods such as physics, chemistry, electrochemistry and the like to evaluate the repairing effect of the copper ion polluted soil. The achievement can further deepen the traditional soil mechanics theory, expand the application range of the electrochemical impedance spectrum testing method in environmental geotechnical engineering, provide important basic data and scientific basis for the repair effect evaluation of the polluted soil field, and have great economic and social benefits.
At present, methods for evaluating the remediation effect of the polluted soil mainly comprise ion leaching rate testing and unconfined compressive strength testing of samples. A large number of samples need to be manufactured, the samples are disposable samples, a large number of resources and energy are wasted, and the influence of a single factor on the repairing effect is only considered. The electrochemical testing technology is a convenient, accurate and nondestructive testing technology and is suitable for multi-dimensional evaluation of the repairing effect.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a novel method for evaluating solidified Cu, which aims to solve the problems that the existing evaluation method has more contents of solidified effect evaluation tests, longer test time, unstable influence factors, inconvenient operation, and incapability of comprehensively evaluating the restored soil by considering single factor, and the like 2+ A method for repairing the effect of polluted kaolin.
The invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
evaluation solidified Cu 2+ The method for repairing the effect of the polluted kaolin comprises the following steps:
(1) and preparing a polluted soil sample: preparing same Cu from unpolluted soil sample by manual mixing method 2+ A plurality of groups of different polluted soil samples with different pollution concentrations and different curing agent ratios;
(2) stirring by using a stirrer: preparing test blocks, preparing 3 parallel test blocks for each group of samples, standing the test blocks for 24 +/-2 hours at the temperature of 20 +/-5 ℃, then putting the test blocks into a curing box at the temperature of 20 +/-2 ℃ and the relative humidity of more than 90 percent for curing, and curing to the age to be tested to perform various tests;
(3) and testing electrochemical impedance spectrum: electrodes are arranged at two ends of the polluted soil sample and connected to an electrochemical workstation through leads, and the test frequency range is 10 5 ~10 -2 Hz, collecting 10 points in each order of magnitude, measuring an electrochemical impedance spectrogram, namely a Nyquist curve and a Bode diagram, of the polluted soil sample, wherein the amplitude of an alternating current sinusoidal signal is 10 mV;
(4) and electrochemical impedance test evaluation: comparing the intersection point of the Nyquist curve and the real impedance part of the soil sample with different repairing effects under the same test condition with the capacitive reactance arc radius of the curve, wherein the smaller the capacitive reactance arc radius is, the better the repairing effect of the polluted soil is; the larger the radius of the capacitive reactance arc is, the poorer the repair effect is; from the Bode diagram, the smaller the impedance modulus value is, the better the repairing effect is;
(5) fitting an equivalent circuit diagram of the polluted soil: fitting the test result obtained in the step (3) by using Zview2 software to obtain fitting data, and selecting the fitting data and the test resultIf the error is controlled within the range of 10%, a fitting circuit diagram obtained by applying the fitting data is used as a circuit of the equivalent contaminated soil sample; the equivalent circuit diagram of the polluted soil is as follows: r s （C d R g ）（QR b ) Wherein R is s For polluting the pore liquid resistance of the soil sample, C d In order to pollute the double electric layer capacitance between the soil particle surfaces in the soil sample, Q (CPE) is a constant phase angle element formed by the electrode and the soil surface, R g Is a resistance describing the ease of curing, R b Resistance generated by the interface of solid phase and liquid phase;
(6) and evaluating a fitting result: judging the polluted soil remediation effect rule according to the equivalent circuit diagram as follows: curing Effect with R S Is increased and R g 、R b 、C d Is increased with a decrease in R S Reduction of R g 、R b 、C d Is increased and decreased;
(7) comprehensive evaluation of the remediation effect of the polluted soil: evaluating according to electrochemical impedance tests and fitting results, wherein the test and fitting results comprise: a Nyquist diagram and an equivalent circuit diagram of the contaminated soil; shows that: r s The larger R g 、R b The smaller the size, the better the repairing effect of the copper ion polluted soil is comprehensively shown; and on the contrary, the worse the remediation effect of the polluted soil is.
Preferably, the non-contaminated soil sample is Kaolin, Cu 2+ The concentration of the contamination of (a) was 0.4% (i.e., the content of copper ions was 0.4% by mass of kaolin).
Further preferably, the curing agent is red mud-fly ash, quicklime, cement and water, and the doping amount of the red mud-fly ash is 35% of the mass of kaolin, wherein: the mass ratio of the red mud to the fly ash is 1:1, 3:7, 7:3, 2:8, 8:2, 4:6 and 6: 4; the adding amount of CaO (quicklime) is 10 percent of the total mass of the red mud and the fly ash, the adding amount of cement is 7 percent of the mass of kaolin, and the water content of the test block is 45 percent.
The invention discloses a polluted soil restoration testing method, and relates to the test of an electrochemical system of a polluted soil material, namely an electrochemical equivalent circuit diagram model R s （C d R g ）（QR b ) The contamination remediation process can be characterized. These areThe effective circuit model consists of the following parameters: r s For polluting the pore liquid resistance of the soil sample, C d For contaminating double layer capacitance between the soil particle surfaces in the soil sample, CPE (Q) is the constant phase angle element formed by the electrode and the soil surface, R g Is a resistance describing the ease of curing, R b Resistance generated by the interface of solid phase and liquid phase; because the parameters of the elements in the equivalent circuit diagram regularly change along with the change of the curing effect, the repaired polluted soil material is represented by the appropriate equivalent circuit diagram, and the repairing effect of the polluted soil is reflected by the regular change of the electrochemical parameters, so that the defects of more measurement parameters, long time and larger error are avoided, and the dynamics, the electrical parameters and the content of the repairing mechanism in the polluted soil repairing process can be comprehensively reflected. The electrochemical impedance spectrum test method can effectively represent the microstructure of the polluted soil restoration process, has high sensitivity, good test repeatability and short test time, belongs to a nondestructive test means, and is a quick and effective method for researching the polluted soil restoration process and mechanism and evaluating the restoration performance of the polluted soil.
Evaluation of cured Cu according to the invention 2+ The method for repairing the effect of the polluted kaolin comprises seven processes of preparation of a polluted soil sample, preparation of a test specimen, test of an electrochemical impedance spectrum, evaluation of an electrochemical impedance test, fitting of an equivalent circuit diagram of the polluted soil, evaluation of a fitting result, comprehensive evaluation of corrosivity of the polluted soil and the like; comparing the intersection point of the Nyquist curve of the polluted soil sample and the real impedance part under the same test condition with the capacitive reactance arc radius of the curve, wherein the larger the intersection point is, the smaller the capacitive reactance arc radius is, the better the remediation effect of the polluted soil is; the smaller the intersection point is, the larger the radius of the capacitive reactance arc is, the poorer the repair effect is; from the Bode diagram, the smaller the impedance modulus value is, the better the repairing effect is, and conversely, the effect is worse.
The method for evaluating the corrosivity of the polluted soil has the advantages of reasonable design, simple required testing device, good testing repeatability, high measuring precision, convenience in operation and good practical application value.
Drawings
FIG. 1a is a Nyquist plot of a contaminated soil sample containing 0.4% copper ions measured by the method at seven different hardener ratios.
FIG. 1b1 shows Bode plots (frequency vs. impedance) of contaminated soil samples containing 0.4% copper ions measured by the method at seven different curing agent ratios.
FIG. 1b2 shows Bode plots (frequency vs. phase angle) of contaminated soil samples containing 0.4% copper ions measured by the method at seven different curing agent ratios.
Fig. 2 shows a circuit analysis diagram of the restored soil sample.
FIG. 3 shows an equivalent circuit diagram of a repaired contaminated soil sample fitted with test data according to the method.
In the figure: 1-lead, 2-electrochemical workstation, 3-electrode, 4-polluted soil sample, 5-electrode and soil surface constant phase angle element CPE, 6-polluted soil sample pore liquid resistance R s 7-resistance R generated by solid-phase and liquid-phase interface in polluted soil sample b 8-resistance R describing ease of curing g 9-double layer capacitance C between the soil particle surfaces inside the contaminated soil sample d 。
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of specific embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings.
Evaluation solidified Cu 2+ The method for repairing the effect of the polluted kaolin comprises the following steps:
(1) and preparing a polluted soil sample: preparing same Cu from unpolluted soil sample by manual mixing method 2+ A plurality of different polluted soil samples with different pollution concentrations and different curing agent ratios;
specifically, the non-polluted soil sample is kaolin, which is produced by platinum casting materials of Henan, Ltd. The curing agents used in the test are red mud-fly ash, quicklime, cement and water, the doping amount of the red mud-fly ash is 35% of the mass of kaolin (the ratio of the mass of the red mud-fly ash to the mass of dry soil), and the mass ratio of the red mud to the fly ash is 1:1, 3:7, 7:3, 2:8, 8:2, 4:6 and 6: 4; the CaO content is 10% of the total mass of the red mud and the fly ash, the cement content is 7% of the mass of the kaolin, the copper ion content is 0.4% of the mass of the kaolin, and the water content of the test block is 45% (namely the water addition amount is 45% of the mass of the kaolin).
(2) And preparing a test sample: weighing kaolin, copper nitrate crystals, red mud, fly ash, quicklime, cement and water required by the test according to the designed mixing proportion, fully mixing, and uniformly stirring to prepare a sample of simulated polluted soil; stirring with a stirrer. Preparation of a size of 70.7X 70.7mm 3 The test block of (2). During manufacturing, the uniformly mixed material is filled into the test mold at one time, the test mold is placed on a vibration table to vibrate for 5-10 s, the part higher than the test mold is scraped and leveled, 3 parallel samples are prepared by each test block, and the mold is removed after 48 h. Standing the prepared sample in an environment of 20 +/-5 ℃ for 24 +/-2 h, demolding, putting the sample into a curing box of 20 +/-2 ℃ and over 90% of relative humidity, curing to the age to be tested, and carrying out various tests.
(3) And testing electrochemical impedance spectrum: electrodes are arranged at two ends of the polluted soil sample, the electrodes are copper sheets with the diameter of 87.2mm and the thickness of 1mm, the electrodes are connected to an electrochemical workstation through leads, and the test frequency range is 10 5 ~10 -2 Hz, 10 points per order of magnitude were taken, the AC sinusoidal signal amplitude was 10mV, and the electrochemical impedance spectra of the contaminated soil samples, i.e., the Nyquist plot (shown in FIG. 1 a) and the Bode plot (shown in FIG. 1b1 and FIG. 1b 2), were measured.
(4) And electrochemical impedance test evaluation: comparing the intersection point of the Nyquist curve and the real impedance part of the soil sample with different repairing effects under the same test condition with the capacitive reactance arc radius of the curve, wherein the smaller the capacitive reactance arc radius is, the better the repairing effect of the polluted soil is; the larger the radius of the capacitive reactance arc is, the poorer the repair effect is; from the Bode diagram, the smaller the impedance modulus value is, the better the repairing effect is, and conversely, the effect is worse.
(5) And fitting an equivalent circuit diagram after polluted soil restoration: fitting the test result obtained in the step (3) by using Zview2 software to obtain fitting data, selecting the fitting data and the test result with the error controlled within 10% (indicating that the error of each element parameter in the fitting circuit and the test result is within 10%), selecting the fitting data with the minimum error, and using a fitting circuit diagram obtained by using the fitting data as a circuit of the equivalent contaminated soil sample, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3; the equivalent circuit of the polluted soilThe figure is as follows: r s （C d R g ）（QR b ) Wherein Rs is a polluted soil sample pore liquid resistance, C d In order to pollute the electric double layer capacitance between the surfaces of soil particles in the soil sample, CPE is a constant phase angle original formed by an electrode and the surface of the soil body, Rg is resistance describing the curing difficulty, and Rb is resistance generated by a solid-phase and liquid-phase interface.
(6) And evaluating a fitting result: judging the curing effect rule of the polluted soil according to the equivalent circuit diagram as follows: curing Effect with R S Is increased and R g 、R b 、C d Is increased with a decrease in R S Reduction of R g 、R b 、C d Is increased and decreased.
(7) Comprehensively evaluating the remediation effect of the polluted soil: evaluating according to electrochemical impedance tests and fitting results, wherein the test and fitting results comprise: the larger the intersection point (R) between the Nyquist diagram and the equivalent circuit diagram of the contaminated soil s Larger), smaller two capacitive reactance arc radii (R) g 、R b The smaller the copper ion polluted soil is), the better the repairing effect of the copper ion polluted soil is comprehensively shown; otherwise, the repairing effect of the polluted soil is poor.
The component parameters are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
The contaminated soil solidification effect was evaluated according to the fitting data in table 1: curing Effect with R S Is increased and R g 、R b 、C d Is increased with a decrease in R S Reduction of R g 、R b 、C d Is increased and decreased.
As can be seen from fig. 1a and fig. 1b1 and 1b2, the curing effect is best when the ratio of red mud to fly ash in the curing agent is 7: 3.
Similarly, as with the method for evaluating the repairability of the copper ion polluted soil, the corrosivity of the polluted soil is comprehensively evaluated by using the size of the capacitive reactance arc and the size of each element parameter in the circuit diagram according to the Nyquist diagram and the Bode diagram of the repair of various types of polluted soil samples and the equivalent circuit diagram of the fitting result.
The evaluation method can conveniently and quickly carry out comparative evaluation on the remediation effect of various types of polluted soil.
It should be noted that modifications and applications may occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. Evaluation solidified Cu 2+ The method for repairing the effect of the polluted kaolin is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) and preparing a polluted soil sample: preparing same Cu from unpolluted soil sample by manual mixing method 2+ A plurality of groups of different polluted soil samples with different pollution concentrations and different curing agent ratios;
(2) stirring by using a stirrer: preparing test blocks, preparing 3 parallel test blocks for each group of samples, standing the test blocks for 24 +/-2 hours at the temperature of 20 +/-5 ℃, then putting the test blocks into a curing box at the temperature of 20 +/-2 ℃ and the relative humidity of more than 90 percent for curing, and curing to the age to be tested to perform various tests;
(3) and testing electrochemical impedance spectrum: electrodes are arranged at two ends of the polluted soil sample and connected to an electrochemical workstation through leads, and the test frequency range is 10 5 ～10 -2 Hz, collecting 10 points in each order of magnitude, measuring an electrochemical impedance spectrogram, namely a Nyquist curve and a Bode diagram, of the polluted soil sample, wherein the amplitude of an alternating current sinusoidal signal is 10 mV;
(4) and electrochemical impedance test evaluation: comparing the intersection point of the Nyquist curve and the impedance real part of the soil sample with the capacitive reactance arc radius of the curve under the same test condition, wherein the smaller the capacitive reactance arc radius is, the better the remediation effect of the polluted soil is; the larger the radius of the capacitive reactance arc is, the poorer the repair effect is; from the Bode diagram, the smaller the impedance modulus value is, the better the repairing effect is;
(5) fitting an equivalent circuit diagram of the polluted soil: fitting the test result obtained in the step (3) by using Zview2 software to obtain fittingData, selecting fitting data and controlling the error of the test result within a range of 10%, and using a fitting circuit diagram obtained by the fitting data as a circuit of the equivalent polluted soil sample; the equivalent circuit diagram of the polluted soil is as follows: r s （C d R g ）（QR b ) Wherein R is s For polluting the pore liquid resistance of the soil sample, C d In order to pollute the electric double layer capacitance between the surfaces of soil particles in the soil sample, CPE is a constant phase angle original formed by the electrode and the soil surface, R g Is a resistance describing the ease of curing, R b Resistance generated by the interface of solid phase and liquid phase;
(6) and evaluating a fitting result: judging the polluted soil remediation effect rule according to the equivalent circuit diagram as follows: curing Effect with R S Is increased and R g 、R b 、C d Is increased with a decrease in R S Reduction of R g 、R b 、C d Is increased and decreased;
(7) comprehensive evaluation of the remediation effect of the polluted soil: evaluating according to electrochemical impedance tests and fitting results, wherein the test and fitting results comprise: a Nyquist diagram and an equivalent circuit diagram of the contaminated soil; shows that: r s The larger R g 、R b The smaller the size, the better the repairing effect of the copper ion polluted soil is comprehensively shown; and on the contrary, the worse the remediation effect of the polluted soil is.
2. The method of claim 1 for evaluating cured Cu 2+ The method for repairing the effect of the polluted kaolin is characterized by comprising the following steps: the non-polluted soil sample is kaolin.
3. An evaluation of cured Cu according to claim 2 2+ The method for repairing the effect of the polluted kaolin is characterized by comprising the following steps: in step (1), Cu 2+ The concentration of contaminants of (2) was 0.4%.
4. An evaluation of cured Cu according to claim 3 2+ The method for repairing the effect of the polluted kaolin is characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step (1), the curing agent is red mud-fly ash, quicklime and cement, and red mud-the fly ash is incorporated in an amount of 35% by mass of kaolin, wherein: the mass ratio of the red mud to the fly ash is 1:1, 3:7, 7:3, 2:8, 8:2, 4:6 and 6: 4; the adding amount of CaO is 10 percent of the total mass of the red mud and the fly ash, and the adding amount of cement is 7 percent of the mass of kaolin.
5. An evaluation of cured Cu according to claim 4 2+ The method for repairing the effect of the polluted kaolin is characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step (2), the water content of the test block is 45%.
6. An evaluation of cured Cu according to claim 5 2+ The method for repairing the effect of the polluted kaolin is characterized by comprising the following steps: the test block has dimensions of 70.7 × 70.7 × 70.7 mm.
7. An evaluation of cured Cu according to claim 6 2+ The method for repairing the effect of the polluted kaolin is characterized by comprising the following steps: the electrode (5) is a copper sheet with the diameter of 87.2mm and the thickness of 1 mm.
8. An evaluation of cured Cu according to claim 4 2+ The method for repairing the effect of the polluted kaolin is characterized by comprising the following steps: the mass ratio of the red mud to the fly ash is 7: 3.
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| CA2645091A1 (en) * | 2007-11-26 | 2009-05-26 | Tanya L. Michailuck | Assessment and remediation process for contaminated sites |
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| CN104090001A (en) * | 2014-07-29 | 2014-10-08 | 太原理工大学 | Method for evaluating corrosivity of polluted soil |
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| US6086744A (en) * | 1997-08-27 | 2000-07-11 | Ecochem, Aktiengesellschaft | Production of electrolytic copper from dilute solutions contaminated by other metals |
| KR100803724B1 (en) * | 2007-03-29 | 2008-02-15 | (주)대우건설 | Apparatus and method for remediation of contaminated soil and groundwater by electric resistance heating with closed sectional shape steel electrode |
| CA2645091A1 (en) * | 2007-11-26 | 2009-05-26 | Tanya L. Michailuck | Assessment and remediation process for contaminated sites |
| CN102331392A (en) * | 2010-07-14 | 2012-01-25 | 中原工学院 | Method for evaluating rock permeability |
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Inventor after: Sun Funan Inventor after: Lan Yu Jie Inventor after: Ma Fuli Inventor after: Wang Jie Inventor after: Han Pengju Inventor after: Bai Xiaohong Inventor after: He Bin Inventor after: Liu Yan Inventor after: Wang Jingxia Inventor after: Tang Longhai Inventor after: Liang Xiaorui Inventor after: Li Du Inventor after: Liang Weipeng Inventor after: Chang Honglin Inventor before: He Bin Inventor before: Lan Yu Jie Inventor before: Ma Fuli Inventor before: Wang Jie Inventor before: Han Pengju Inventor before: Bai Xiaohong Inventor before: Liu Yan Inventor before: Sun Funan Inventor before: Wang Jingxia Inventor before: Tang Longhai Inventor before: Liang Xiaorui Inventor before: Li Du Inventor before: Liang Weipeng Inventor before: Chang Honglin |
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| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |