CN111795571A - Modification method of top-blown smelting facility, continuous copper smelting facility and method - Google Patents
Modification method of top-blown smelting facility, continuous copper smelting facility and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111795571A CN111795571A CN202010588955.9A CN202010588955A CN111795571A CN 111795571 A CN111795571 A CN 111795571A CN 202010588955 A CN202010588955 A CN 202010588955A CN 111795571 A CN111795571 A CN 111795571A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B15/00—Obtaining copper
- C22B15/0026—Pyrometallurgy
- C22B15/0028—Smelting or converting
- C22B15/005—Smelting or converting in a succession of furnaces
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
- F27B14/08—Details peculiar to crucible or pot furnaces
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
- F27B14/08—Details peculiar to crucible or pot furnaces
- F27B14/0806—Charging or discharging devices
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
- F27B14/08—Details peculiar to crucible or pot furnaces
- F27B14/0806—Charging or discharging devices
- F27B2014/0818—Discharging
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Abstract
The invention discloses a modification method of a top-blown smelting facility, a continuous copper smelting facility and a method, wherein the modification method of the top-blown smelting facility comprises the following steps: a converter or converting furnace with a top blowing facility eliminated; the hearth height of a top-blown smelting furnace of a top-blown smelting facility is reduced; a single immersed top-blown main spray gun of a top-blown smelting furnace is cancelled; arranging at least three top-blown smelting spray guns spaced from each other at the top of the top-blown smelting furnace; a copper matte discharge port is additionally arranged on the top-blown smelting furnace; an electrode and an electrode matching device of a settling electric furnace of a top-blown smelting facility are eliminated, and at least three top-blown converting spray guns which are spaced from each other are arranged at the top of the settling electric furnace so as to transform the settling electric furnace into a top-blown converting furnace; and connecting a copper matte discharge port of the top-blown smelting furnace with a copper matte inlet of the top-blown converting furnace through a launder. The method for improving the top-blown smelting facility not only can fully utilize the existing top-blown smelting facility, but also is beneficial to producing high-grade copper matte, creates conditions for continuous converting and can reduce the investment cost of continuous copper smelting.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of nonferrous metallurgy, in particular to a method for transforming a top-blown copper smelting facility into a continuous copper smelting facility and the continuous copper smelting facility.
Background
The top-blown smelting technology is widely used for smelting copper, nickel, lead, tin, iron and zinc slag as well as copper and lead. The top-blown smelting technology is developed in the 70 th century of 19 th century and is rapidly popularized from the end of 19 th century to the first ten years of 20 th century, and more than ten top-blown smelting plants are successively built in the field of copper smelting. However, with the development of copper smelting technology and the improvement of environmental protection standard, the operating cost advantage of top-blown smelting technology is not available, and the requirement of upgrading and modifying exists.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is based on the discovery and recognition by the inventors of the following facts and problems:
the top-blown smelting technology, also called oxygen-enriched top-blown submerged lance bath smelting technology, mainly comprises two top-blown technologies of Ausmelt method and Isaac method. In 1981, the main inventor of the top-blown smelting technology, Floiede, established Ausmelt corporation, and applied the top-blown smelting technology to smelting of copper, nickel, lead, tin, iron, zinc slag and the like, which is called Ausmelt process. At the same time, Mister Isa mining, Australia, also applied top-blown smelting technology to the smelting of copper and lead, known as the Isa process (ISA process).
The inventors of the present invention have found and recognized, by studying the characteristics of the top-blown smelting technique, that: in the existing top-blown smelting technology, no matter the ausculter method or the Isa method, a top-blown spray gun is a single gun, and the lower end of the spray gun is immersed into a slag layer of a molten pool (which is also called oxygen-enriched top-blown immersed single-spray gun molten pool smelting technology), so that the slag layer in the smelting furnace needs to be very thick, for example, the slag layer usually reaches about 1 meter, copper matte seriously corrodes the gun of the spray gun, and the air volume of the single spray gun needs to be very large, so that the stirring on the slag layer is serious when the slag layer is blown, in addition, because the spray gun sprays oxygen into the slag layer, the oxygen is transferred into the copper-sulfur layer by the slag layer, the slag layer is over-oxidized, so that high-grade copper-sulfur cannot be produced, and the height of the smelting furnace.
At present, the top-blown smelting and copper smelting used in China mainly comprises two facilities and processes, wherein the first process comprises the following steps: the specific facilities are as follows: the top-blown smelting (Austemat furnace or Isa furnace), the settling electric furnace and the PS converter are used for blowing, and the specific process comprises the following steps: copper concentrate and flux are proportioned (granulation) -top-blown smelting-electric furnace settlement separation to produce copper matte and smelting slag, and the copper matte is conveyed to a PS converter by a steel ladle to be blown to produce blister copper; the second process comprises the following steps: the specific facilities are top-blown smelting (an Ausmelt furnace or an Isa furnace), a settling electric furnace and a top-blown immersed single-lance top-blown converting furnace, and the specific process comprises the following steps: copper concentrate and flux burdening (-granulation) -top-blown smelting-electric furnace settlement separation to produce copper matte and smelting slag, and conveying the copper matte to top-blown converting to produce blister copper.
The inventor discovers and realizes from the above-mentioned existing facilities and processes that both processes require a settling electric furnace to settle copper sulfur and smelting slag discharged from a top-blown smelting furnace because, as described above, in the existing top-blown smelting technology, the stirring in the smelting furnace is severe, copper matte and slag cannot be completely separated, the settling electric furnace must be used to settle, and then the copper matte settled and separated enters a converting furnace to be converted, thereby resulting in large equipment investment, high cost and high energy consumption. In addition, in the first process, because converter blowing is used, a ladle is required to transport the molten metal to a PS converter, on one hand, low-altitude pollution is serious, and on the other hand, continuous copper smelting cannot be realized because blowing is performed discontinuously. For the second process, top-blown converting is also a single lance, which is also submerged, and therefore, continuous copper smelting in the true sense is not achieved.
Through research and analysis, in conclusion, the inventors found that the following problems exist in the related art top-blown smelting facility and process:
(1) the operation rate is low, and the service life of the spray gun is short due to the fact that a single top-blown submerged spray gun is adopted for air supply, generally the service life is 7-14 days, and the spray gun needs to be frequently lifted out of a furnace to be replaced.
(2) Because of the single top-blown submerged lance, the air volume of the lance is large and the stirring is violent.
(3) The bath splashing is serious, the hearth is high, the spray gun is too long and is easy to deform, and the service life is short.
(4) The molten pool is stirred violently, copper matte and smelting slag can not be separated completely in the molten pool, and the copper matte and the smelting slag must be separated through a settling electric furnace, so that the operation cost is high.
(5) The production of high-grade copper matte is difficult, and the production practice of producing copper matte containing more than 65 percent of copper is not available at present, so that the requirement of continuous converting cannot be met.
(6) The environmental protection effect of the matched converter is poor, most of the top-blown smelting matched PS converters are used for blowing copper matte, and SO dissipated in the processes of lifting and blowing the copper matte2The difficulty of flue gas treatment is large.
(7) The required amount of fuel is large, the operation cost is high, and a top-blown smelting furnace usually needs to add a large amount of fuel and reducing agent for heat balance and safe production, thereby increasing the operation cost.
Therefore, the embodiment of the invention provides a method for transforming a top-blown smelting facility into a continuous copper smelting facility, and by using the method, the existing top-blown smelting facility can be transformed, so that the existing top-blown smelting facility can be fully utilized, the investment cost of continuous copper smelting can be reduced, and one of the technical problems in the related art can be solved to at least a certain extent.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a continuous copper smelting facility and a continuous copper smelting method.
A method of retrofitting a top-blown smelting plant proposed according to an embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention comprises:
a converter or converting furnace which cancels the converting process;
reducing the height of a hearth of a top-blown smelting furnace in the top-blown smelting process;
canceling a single immersed top-blown lance of the top-blown smelting furnace;
arranging at least three top-blown smelting lances spaced apart from each other at the top of the top-blown smelting furnace;
a copper matte discharge port is additionally arranged on the top-blown smelting furnace;
an electrode and an electrode matching device of a settling electric furnace for canceling the top-blown smelting process are arranged, and at least three top-blown converting spray guns which are spaced from each other are arranged at the top of the settling electric furnace so as to transform the settling electric furnace into a top-blown converting furnace;
and connecting a copper matte discharge outlet of the top-blown smelting furnace with a copper matte inlet of the top-blown converting furnace through a launder.
The method for reforming the top-blown smelting facility provided by the embodiment of the invention at least has the following beneficial effects:
1. the top-blown smelting furnace adopts a plurality of spray guns for blowing smelting, so that the height of a hearth can be reduced, after the height of the hearth is reduced, the drop height of mixed concentrate falling into a molten pool in the furnace is small, the time is short, the smoke dust rate is reduced, the concentrate granulating procedure can be eliminated, the operation cost is reduced, and the water content of the mixed concentrate is reduced; after the height of the hearth of the top-blown smelting furnace is reduced, the length of the spray gun is reduced, the deformation of the spray gun is reduced, and the service life of the spray gun is prolonged.
2. A plurality of spray guns are adopted for blowing and smelting, the gas flow of a single spray gun is small, the splashing of a molten pool is small, and the required stirring radius is small, so that on one hand, the thickness of an operation slag layer can be reduced, the risk of foaming slag can be reduced, the oxygen potential in the furnace can be improved, high-grade copper matte can be produced, and conditions are created for continuous converting; on the other hand, the stirring kinetic energy of the spray gun is reduced, the sedimentation separation of the copper matte and the smelting slag is facilitated, the sedimentation electric furnace can be eliminated, and the operation cost is reduced.
3. The existing top-blown smelting facility is utilized to the maximum extent, the investment cost is reduced, the continuous converting of the high-grade copper matte is realized, the investment is saved, the construction period is short, and the intermittent period of the production stoppage and the production recovery is short.
4. The top-blown smelting furnace and the top-blown converting furnace are connected by a launder, SO that copper matte packages are prevented from being hoisted and transported to a low altitude SO2Pollution problem and good environmental protection effect.
In some embodiments, the top-blown smelting lance is a non-submerged top-blown smelting lance or a submerged top-blown smelting lance, and the top-blown smelting lance is a non-submerged top-blown smelting lance or a submerged top-blown smelting lance.
In some embodiments, the hearth height of the top-blown smelting furnace is reduced to 6-8 m, the number of top-blown smelting lances is 3-6, and the number of top-blown smelting lances is 4-12.
According to an embodiment of the second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a continuous copper smelting plant including: the top-blown smelting furnace is provided with a smelting furnace body and at least three top-blown smelting spray guns, the top-blown smelting spray guns are arranged at the top of the smelting furnace body and are spaced from each other, and the smelting furnace body is provided with a feeding opening, a smelting slag discharge opening and a copper matte discharge opening; the top-blown converting furnace is provided with a converting furnace body and at least three top-blown converting spray guns, the top-blown converting spray guns are arranged at the top of the converting furnace body and are separated from each other, the converting furnace body is provided with a flux inlet, a copper matte inlet, a converting slag discharge port and a crude copper discharge port, and the copper matte inlet is connected with the copper matte discharge port of the smelting furnace body through a launder.
The continuous copper smelting facility provided by the embodiment of the invention has at least the following beneficial effects:
1. the top-blown smelting furnace adopts a plurality of spray guns for blowing smelting, so that the height of a hearth can be reduced, after the height of the hearth is reduced, the drop height of mixed concentrate falling into a molten pool in the furnace is small, the time is short, the smoke dust rate is reduced, the concentrate granulating procedure can be eliminated, the operation cost is reduced, and the water content of the mixed concentrate is reduced; after the height of the hearth of the top-blown smelting furnace is reduced, the length of the spray gun is reduced, the deformation of the spray gun is reduced, and the service life of the spray gun is prolonged.
2. A plurality of spray guns are adopted for blowing and smelting, the gas flow of a single spray gun is small, the splashing of a molten pool is small, and the required stirring radius is small, so that on one hand, the thickness of an operation slag layer can be reduced, the risk of foaming slag can be reduced, the oxygen potential in the furnace can be improved, high-grade copper matte can be produced, and conditions are created for continuous converting; on the other hand, the stirring kinetic energy of the spray gun is reduced, the sedimentation separation of the copper matte and the smelting slag is facilitated, the sedimentation electric furnace can be eliminated, and the operation cost is reduced.
3. The top-blown smelting furnace and the top-blown converting furnace are connected by a launder, SO that copper matte packages are prevented from being hoisted and transported to a low altitude SO2Pollution problem and good environmental protection effect.
In some embodiments, the top-blown smelting lance is a non-submerged top-blown smelting lance or a submerged top-blown smelting lance, and the top-blown smelting lance is a non-submerged top-blown smelting lance or a submerged top-blown smelting lance.
In some embodiments, the number of top-blown smelting lances is 3-6 and the number of top-blown smelting lances is 4-12.
In some embodiments, one of the top-blown smelting lances is a spare top-blown smelting lance and one of the top-blown converting lances is a spare top-blown converting lance.
In some embodiments, the thickness of the slag layer in the smelting furnace body is 300 mm to 800 mm, the thickness of the slag layer in the converting furnace body is 100 mm to 500 mm, the oxygen concentration of the oxygen-enriched air injected by the top-blown smelting lance is 50% to 90%, and the oxygen concentration of the oxygen-enriched air injected by the top-blown converting lance is 20% to 50%.
According to the third aspect of the invention, the continuous copper smelting method comprises the following steps:
mixing copper concentrate, quartz, coal and mixed ingredients to prepare mixed copper concentrate;
adding the mixed copper concentrate into a top-blown smelting furnace from a charging opening of the top-blown smelting furnace;
injecting oxygen-enriched air of a first concentration into the top-blown smelting furnace through at least three top-blown smelting lances spaced apart from each other to perform smelting;
discharging the molten slag from a molten slag discharge port of the top-blown smelting furnace;
discharging copper matte into a top-blown converting furnace through a launder from a copper matte discharge port of the top-blown smelting furnace;
adding a fusing agent into the top blowing converting furnace;
blowing oxygen-enriched air of a second concentration into the top-blowing converter through at least three top-blowing converting spray guns spaced from each other to perform converting;
discharging the converting slag from a converting slag discharge port of the top-blowing converting furnace;
discharging blister copper from a blister copper discharge port of the top blow converting furnace.
According to the continuous copper smelting method provided by the embodiment of the invention, the continuous converting of high-grade copper matte is realized, the investment is saved, the construction period is short, and the production stop and production recovery interval period is short.
In some embodiments, the thickness of the slag layer in the smelting furnace body is controlled to be 300-800 mm, the thickness of the slag layer in the converting furnace body is controlled to be 100-500 mm, the oxygen concentration of the oxygen-enriched air injected by the top-blown smelting lance is 50-90%, and the oxygen concentration of the oxygen-enriched air injected by the top-blown converting lance is 20-50%.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front view of a continuous copper metallurgy facility according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a plan view of a continuous copper metallurgy facility according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals:
the top-blown smelting process comprises a top-blown smelting spray gun 1, a copper matte siphon 2, a smelting slag siphon pool 3, a smelting slag launder 4, a launder 5, a siphon pool launder 6, a top-blown smelting spray gun 7, a flux inlet 8, a smoke outlet 9, a crude copper discharge port 10, a converting slag discharge port 11, a smelting slag discharge port 12, a copper matte discharge port 13, a top-blown smelting furnace 14, a smelting furnace body 141, a top-blown smelting furnace 15, a converting furnace body 151 and a copper matte inlet 152.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, a method for retrofitting a top-blown smelting facility according to an embodiment of the present invention includes:
a converter or a converting furnace in the original converting process is eliminated, and only a top-blown smelting furnace 14 and a settling electric furnace in the original top-blown converting process are reserved.
The hearth height of the top-blown smelting furnace 14 in the original top-blown smelting process is reduced. Preferably, the hearth height of the top-blown smelting furnace 14 is lowered to 6-8 meters. The structure of the top-blown smelting furnace 14 after the hearth is lowered is unchanged, the furnace walls are connected by adopting a boiler membrane type wall, the furnace walls comprise a copper water jacket and refractory bricks, the lower part of the top-blown smelting furnace 14 is cooled by adopting a vertical water jacket, and the upper part of the top-blown smelting furnace is cooled by adopting a tooth-shaped water jacket.
The single immersed top-blown spray gun of the original top-blown smelting furnace is eliminated.
At least three top-blown smelting lances 1 spaced apart from each other are arranged at the top of the top-blown smelting furnace 14. The specification and number of the top-blown smelting lances 1 are determined in accordance with the diameter of the vessel and the production scale. Preferably, the number of top-blown smelting lances 1 may be 3 to 6.
As shown in FIG. 2, the plurality of top-blown smelting lances 1 are uniformly spaced apart along the circumference of the top-blown smelting furnace 14, and the plurality of top-blown smelting lances 1 are spaced apart from each other to define a distribution circle A concentric with the circumference of the top-blown smelting furnace 14, and the diameter of the distribution circle is 2 to 3 m. In some embodiments, four top-blown smelting lances 1 are provided, the four top-blown smelting lances 1 being evenly spaced apart from each other in the circumferential direction of the top-blown smelting furnace 14.
A copper matte discharge port 13 is additionally arranged on the top-blowing smelting furnace 14.
An electrode and an electrode matching device of a settling electric furnace in the original top-blown smelting process are eliminated, the furnace wall still has the structure of an original copper water jacket and a refractory brick, and at least three top-blown converting spray guns 7 which are spaced from each other are arranged at the top of the original settling electric furnace so as to transform the original settling electric furnace into a new top-blown converting furnace 15. The specification and number of the top-blowing lances 7 are determined in accordance with the diameter of the furnace body and the production scale, and preferably, the number of the top-blowing lances 7 may be 6 to 10.
As shown in fig. 1, the matte tap hole 13 of the top-blow smelting furnace 14 is connected to the matte inlet 152 of the top-blow converting furnace 15 by a launder 5 (matte launder).
The method for reforming the top-blown smelting facility provided by the embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the top-blown smelting furnace adopts a plurality of spray guns for blowing smelting, so that the height of a hearth can be reduced, after the height of the hearth is reduced, the drop height of mixed concentrate falling into a molten pool in the furnace is small, the time is short, the smoke dust rate is reduced, the concentrate granulating procedure can be eliminated, the operation cost is reduced, and the water content of the mixed concentrate is reduced; after the height of a hearth of the top-blown smelting furnace is reduced, the length of the spray gun is reduced, the deformation of the spray gun is reduced, and the service life of the spray gun is prolonged.
2. A plurality of spray guns are adopted for blowing and smelting, the gas flow of a single spray gun is small, the splashing of a molten pool is small, and the required stirring radius is small, so that on one hand, the thickness of an operation slag layer can be reduced, the risk of foaming slag can be reduced, the oxygen potential in the furnace can be improved, high-grade copper matte can be produced, and conditions are created for continuous converting; on the other hand, the stirring kinetic energy of the spray gun is reduced, the sedimentation separation of the copper matte and the smelting slag is facilitated, the sedimentation electric furnace can be eliminated, and the operation cost is reduced.
3. The existing top-blown smelting facility is utilized to the maximum extent, the investment cost is reduced, the continuous converting of the high-grade copper matte is realized, the investment is saved, the construction period is short, and the intermittent period of the production stoppage and the production recovery is short.
4. The top-blown smelting furnace and the top-blown converting furnace are connected by a launder, SO that SO in the hoisting process of the copper matte package is avoided2Pollution problem and good environmental protection effect.
In some embodiments, top-blown smelting lance 1 is a non-submerged top-blown smelting lance or a submerged top-blown smelting lance 1 and top-blown smelting lance 7 is a non-submerged top-blown smelting lance or a submerged top-blown smelting lance 7. The top-blown smelting spray gun 1 and the top-blown converting spray gun 7 are both non-immersed or immersed, the gas amount of each spray gun is small, each spray gun is responsible for one area, thin slag layer operation can be adopted, the grade of copper matte is improved, splashing is reduced, the height of a hearth can be reduced, and the length of an oxygen lance is shortened.
In some embodiments, the method for transforming the top-blown converting facility can also cancel a single immersed top-blown main lance of the original top-blown smelting furnace 14, change the furnace body slag line vicinity into a copper water jacket structure, and set a side-blown lance on the original top-blown smelting furnace 14, thereby transforming the original top-blown smelting furnace 14 into a side-blown smelting furnace.
The method for transforming the top-blown smelting facility can also add a flux bin, a feeding and metering device and an air and oxygen supply system on the top of a settling electric furnace of the original top-blown smelting facility.
In some embodiments, the plurality of top-blow lances 7 are arranged in a plurality of rows spaced apart in the width direction (the left-right direction shown in fig. 2) of the top-blow converting furnace 15, and the top-blow lances 7 in each row are spaced apart in the length direction (the front-rear direction shown in fig. 2) of the top-blow converting furnace 15.
Preferably, the plurality of top-blow converting lances 7 are arranged in two rows arranged at intervals in the width direction of the top-blow converting furnace 15. The top blow converting furnace has a centre line extending in its length direction, with two rows of top blow converting lances 7 being arranged symmetrically with respect to the centre line.
In the embodiment shown in fig. 2, 12 top-blow lances 7 are provided, 12 top-blow lances 7 are arranged in two rows per 6 top-blow column, and two rows of top-blow lances 7 are arranged symmetrically about a centerline of top-blow furnace 15 extending in the longitudinal direction thereof, each row of top-blow lances 7 being arranged at uniform intervals from each other in the longitudinal direction of top-blow furnace 15.
In some embodiments, the copper matte siphon channel 2 is communicated with the outside of the newly-added copper matte discharge port 13, the original siphon pool is transformed into a smelting slag siphon pool 3 for precipitating smelting slag, a smelting slag runner 4 for discharging smelting slag is additionally arranged on the transformed smelting slag siphon pool 3, two ends of the smelting slag runner 4 are respectively communicated with the smelting slag siphon pool 3 and a slag beneficiation system, a siphon pool runner 6 is additionally arranged on the transformed smelting slag siphon pool 3, and the siphon pool runner 6 is communicated with the runner 5.
A continuous copper smelting facility according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2.
As shown in fig. 1-2, a continuous copper smelting facility according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a top-blown smelting furnace 14 and a top-blown converting furnace 15.
The top-blown smelting furnace 14 has a smelting furnace body 141 and at least three top-blown smelting lances 1, the top-blown smelting lances 1 being provided at the top of the smelting furnace body 141 and spaced apart from each other. Preferably, the number of top-blown smelting lances 1 may be 3 to 6. As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the smelting furnace body 141 is cylindrical, the top-blown smelting lance 1 is vertically arranged in the vertical direction, and the top of the top-blown smelting lance 1 extends out of the smelting furnace body 141 and is connected with an air and oxygen supply system outside the smelting furnace body 141, so that oxygen-enriched air is continuously supplied to the top-blown smelting lance 1 through the air and oxygen supply system.
The smelting furnace body 141 has a charging port (not shown), a smelting slag discharge port 12, and a copper matte discharge port 13. Feed inlet department still is equipped with original bulk concentrate dosing unit, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, 12 departments of smelting slag discharge port communicate has smelting slag siphon 3, and smelting slag siphon 3 communicates with chute 5 through siphon chute 6, and smelting slag siphon 3 discharges the smelting slag through smelting slag chute 4, and copper matte discharge port 13 is connected with copper matte siphon 2, and copper matte siphon 2's the other end and chute 5 communicate.
The top-blowing converting furnace 15 has a converting furnace body 151 and at least three top-blowing converting lances 7, the top-blowing converting lances 7 being provided at the top of the converting furnace body 151 and spaced apart from each other. Preferably, the number of the top-blowing lances 7 may be 4 to 12. As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the top-blowing converting lance 7 is vertically disposed in the vertical direction, the lower end of the top-blowing converting lance 7 is disposed inside the converting furnace 151, and the upper end of the top-blowing converting lance 7 extends out of the converting furnace 151, the extension portion of the upper end of the top-blowing converting lance 7 is connected to an external air and oxygen supply system, and the air and oxygen supply system continuously supplies oxygen-enriched air to the inside of the top-blowing converting lance 7.
The converting furnace 151 has a flux inlet 8, a matte inlet 152, a converting slag discharge port 11 and a blister copper discharge port 10. Limestone, electrolytic anode scrap and other copper-containing cold materials are added into a top-blown converting furnace 15 through a flux inlet 8, a copper matte inlet is connected with a copper matte siphon 2 outside a copper matte discharge port 13 of a smelting furnace body 141 through a launder 5, a converting slag discharge port 11 is arranged at the rear end of a converting furnace body 151, and a crude copper discharge port 10 is arranged at the left side of the converting furnace body 151. It is to be understood that the locations of the slag discharge port 11 and the blister copper discharge port 10 are not limited thereto.
The continuous copper smelting facility provided by the embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the top-blown smelting furnace adopts a plurality of spray guns for blowing smelting, so that the height of a hearth can be reduced, after the height of the hearth is reduced, the drop height of mixed concentrate falling into a molten pool in the furnace is small, the time is short, the smoke dust rate is reduced, the concentrate granulating procedure can be eliminated, the operation cost is reduced, and the water content of the mixed concentrate is reduced; after the height of a hearth of the top-blown smelting furnace is reduced, the length of the spray gun is reduced, the deformation of the spray gun is reduced, and the service life of the spray gun is prolonged.
2. A plurality of spray guns are adopted for blowing and smelting, the gas flow of a single spray gun is small, the splashing of a molten pool is small, and the required stirring radius is small, so that on one hand, the thickness of an operation slag layer can be reduced, the risk of foaming slag can be reduced, the oxygen potential in the furnace can be improved, high-grade copper matte can be produced, and conditions are created for continuous converting; on the other hand, the stirring kinetic energy of the spray gun is reduced, the sedimentation separation of the copper matte and the smelting slag is facilitated, the sedimentation electric furnace can be eliminated, and the operation cost is reduced.
3. The top-blown smelting furnace and the top-blown converting furnace are connected by a launder, SO that SO in the hoisting process of the copper matte package is avoided2Pollution problem and good environmental protection effect.
In some embodiments, the top-blown smelting lance 1 is a non-submerged top-blown smelting lance 1 or a submerged top-blown smelting lance 1. The top-blown smelting spray guns 1 are non-immersed or immersed, the gas amount of each spray gun is small, each spray gun is responsible for one area, thin slag layer operation can be adopted, the grade of copper matte is improved, splashing is reduced, the height of a hearth can be reduced, and the length of an oxygen lance is shortened.
In some embodiments, the top-blowing lance 7 is a non-submerged top-blowing lance 7 or a submerged top-blowing smelting lance 7. The top blowing converting spray guns 7 are non-immersed or immersed, the gas amount of each spray gun is small, each spray gun is in charge of an area, thin slag layer operation can be adopted, the grade of copper matte is improved, splashing is reduced, the height of a hearth can be reduced, and the length of an oxygen lance is shortened.
In some embodiments, one of the top-blown smelting lances 1 is a spare top-blown smelting lance 1 and one of the top-blown smelting lances 7 is a spare top-blown smelting lance 7. The spare top-blown smelting spray gun 1 and the spare top-blown converting spray gun 7 are arranged, the top-blown smelting spray gun 1 can be replaced, and/or the top-blown converting spray gun 7 does not stop blowing, and the production efficiency is improved.
In some embodiments, the thickness of the slag layer in the smelting furnace body is 300 mm to 800 mm, and the thickness of the slag layer in the converting furnace body is 100 mm to 500 mm.
In some embodiments, the oxygen-enriched air injected by the top-blown smelting lance 1 has an oxygen concentration of 50% to 90% and the oxygen-enriched air injected by the top-blown smelting lance 7 has an oxygen concentration of 20% to 50%. The oxygen concentration in the oxygen-enriched air is improved, the water content of the bulk concentrate can be reduced, the copper matte grade is improved, the heat balance condition in the furnace can be improved, pulverized coal/fuel oil and other fuels do not need to be mixed in the spray gun, pulverized coal preparation/oil depot and other facilities can be eliminated, the operation cost is reduced, and the fuel consumption is reduced.
In some embodiments, the plurality of top-blown smelting lances 1 are evenly spaced apart along the circumference of the top-blown smelting furnace 14, and the plurality of top-blown smelting lances 1 are spaced apart from each other to define a distribution circle A concentric with the circumference of the top-blown smelting furnace 14, the distribution circle having a diameter of 2 to 3 m. In some embodiments, four top-blown smelting lances 1 are provided, the four top-blown smelting lances 1 being evenly spaced apart from each other in the circumferential direction of the top-blown smelting furnace 14.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, a plurality of top-blow converting lances 7 are arranged in two rows arranged at intervals in the width direction (the left-right direction shown in fig. 2) of the top-blow converting furnace 15, and the top-blow converting lances 7 in each row are arranged at intervals in the length direction (the front-rear direction shown in fig. 2) of the top-blow converting furnace 15. The top blow converting furnace has a centre line extending in its length direction, with two rows of top blow converting lances 7 being arranged symmetrically with respect to the centre line.
In some embodiments, the top of the converting furnace body 151 of the top-blown converting furnace 15 proposed by the embodiments of the present invention is further provided with a cover plate 16, the cover plate 16 is provided with smoke outlets 9 communicating the inner side and the outer side of the converting furnace body 151, the flux inlet 8 is also arranged on the cover plate 16, and the original bulk concentrate batching device is further arranged at the flux inlet 8.
The continuous copper smelting method provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
copper concentrate, quartz, coal and mixed burden are mixed by using the original concentrate burden mixing facility to prepare mixed copper concentrate.
The mixed copper concentrate is fed into the top-blown smelting furnace 14 from the charging opening of the top-blown smelting furnace 14 by means of the original charging facilities.
Oxygen-enriched air of a first concentration is injected into the top-blown smelting furnace 14 through at least three top-blown smelting lances 1 spaced apart from each other to perform smelting.
The molten slag is discharged from a molten slag discharge port of the top-blowing smelting furnace 14. Specifically, the smelting slag discharged through the discharge port enters a smelting slag siphon pool 3 to be precipitated, a smelting slag chute 4 used for discharging the smelting slag is arranged on the smelting slag siphon pool 3, two ends of the smelting slag chute 4 are respectively communicated with the smelting slag siphon pool 3 and a slag beneficiation system, a siphon pool chute 6 is further arranged on the smelting slag siphon pool 3 and is communicated with a chute 5, the smelting slag enters a slag ladle through the smelting slag chute 4, the slag beneficiation system is fed after slow cooling and crushing, and copper matte precipitated in the smelting slag siphon pool 3 periodically enters a chute 5 through the siphon pool chute 6 and finally enters a top-blowing furnace 15.
The matte is discharged from the matte discharge outlet of the top-blown smelting furnace 14 through the launder 5 into the top-blown converting furnace 15.
The original feeding facilities are utilized to add a fusing agent into the top blowing converting furnace 15, and the fusing agent can be limestone, electrolytic anode scrap and other copper-containing cold materials.
Oxygen-enriched air of a second concentration is blown into the top blow converting furnace 15 through at least three top blow converting lances 7 spaced apart from each other to perform converting.
The converting slag is discharged from a converting slag discharge port 11 of the converting furnace.
The blister copper is discharged from a blister copper discharge port 10 of the top blowing converting furnace 15.
According to the continuous copper smelting method provided by the embodiment of the invention, the continuous converting of high-grade copper matte is realized, the investment is saved, the construction period is short, and the production stop and production recovery interval period is short.
In some embodiments, the thickness of the slag layer in smelting furnace body 141 is controlled to be 300 mm to 800 mm. The thickness of the slag layer in the smelting furnace body 151 is controlled to be 100-500 mm. ,
in some embodiments, the thickness of the copper matte layer in melting furnace body 141 is less than 800 mm. The thickness of the blister copper layer in the smelting furnace body 151 is less than 500 mm.
In some embodiments, the oxygen-enriched air injected by the top-blown smelting lance 1 has an oxygen concentration of 50% to 90%, i.e. the first concentration is 50% to 90%. The oxygen concentration of the oxygen-enriched air injected from the top-blowing lance 7 is 20% to 50%, that is, the second concentration is 20% to 50%.
The operation temperature of the smelting slag in the smelting furnace is 1250-1300 ℃, the operation temperature of the copper matte is 1230-1280 ℃, and the iron-silicon ratio (Fe/SiO) of the smelting slag2) 1.3-2.0 percent, 3-5 percent of calcium oxide in the smelting slag, 1-3 percent of copper in the smelting slag, 1220-1260 percent of crude copper operation temperature in an converting furnace body, 1250-1300 percent of converting slag operation temperature, 97.5-99 percent of crude copper containing Cu, 0.05-0.8 percent of crude copper containing S, 0.3-0.4 percent of converting slag calcium iron ratio (CaO/Fe), and 13-25 percent of converting slag containing Cu.
Some specific exemplary continuous copper smelting facilities according to the present invention will be described below with reference to fig. 1 and 2.
The continuous copper smelting plant comprises a top-blown smelting furnace 14 and a top-blown converting furnace 15.
The top-blown smelting furnace 14 is provided with a smelting furnace body 141 and four top-blown smelting spray guns 1 arranged at the top, the upper ends of the top-blown smelting spray guns 1 extend out of the top-blown smelting furnace 14, the lower ends of the top-blown smelting spray guns 1 are vertically arranged inside the top-blown smelting furnace 14 along the vertical direction, the four top-blown smelting spray guns 1 are uniformly arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the top-blown smelting furnace 14, the top-blown smelting spray guns 1 surround a distribution circle A concentric with the circumferential direction of the top-blown smelting furnace 14 when being distributed at intervals, the smelting furnace body is provided with a charging opening (not shown), a smelting slag discharge opening 12 and a copper matte discharge opening 13 are arranged at the left side of the top-blown smelting furnace 14, the smelting slag discharge opening 12 is connected with a smelting slag pool 3, a siphon chute 6 communicated with a smelting slag siphon chute 5 is arranged on the smelting slag siphon pool 3, and a smelting slag chute 4 for discharging smelting slag is also arranged on the smelting slag siphon pool 3, the copper matte discharging port 13 is connected with a copper matte siphon 2, the other end of the copper matte siphon 2 is communicated with the launder 5, and the other end of the launder 5 is communicated with the copper matte inlet 152 of the top-blown converting furnace 15.
The top-blowing converting furnace 15 is provided with a converting furnace body 151 and 12 top-blowing converting lances 7, the upper ends of the top-blowing converting lances 7 extend out of the top-blowing converting furnace 15, the lower ends of the top-blowing converting lances 7 are vertically arranged inside the top-blowing converting furnace 15 in the up-down direction, the 12 top-blowing converting lances 7 are distributed in two rows with every 6 top-blowing converting lances 7 as one row, the two rows of top-blowing converting lances 7 are symmetrically arranged with respect to a center line extending in the length direction of the top-blowing converting furnace 15, each row of top-blowing converting lances 7 are arranged at regular intervals along the front-rear direction (the front-rear direction shown in fig. 2) of the top-blowing converting lances 7, the converting furnace body is provided with a flux inlet 8, a copper matte inlet 152, a converting slag discharge port 11 and a crude copper discharge port 10, limestone, an electrolytic residual electrode and other copper-containing cold materials are added into the top-blowing converting furnace 15 through the flux inlet 8, the copper matte inlet 152 is connected with a copper matte channel 2 outside, the converting slag discharge port 11 is provided at the rear end of the converting furnace body 151, and the blister copper discharge port 10 is provided on the left side of the converting furnace body 151. The top of the converting furnace body 151 is also provided with a cover plate 16, the cover plate 16 is provided with smoke outlets 9 communicating the inner side and the outer side of the converting furnace body, and a flux inlet 8 is also arranged on the top cover plate 16.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," "circumferential," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the invention and to simplify the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are therefore not to be considered limiting of the invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; may be mechanically coupled, may be electrically coupled or may be in communication with each other; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or they may be connected internally or in any other suitable relationship, unless expressly stated otherwise. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the first feature "on" or "under" the second feature may be directly contacting the first and second features or indirectly contacting the first and second features through an intermediate. Also, a first feature "on," "over," and "above" a second feature may be directly or diagonally above the second feature, or may simply indicate that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature may be directly under or obliquely under the first feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
In the present disclosure, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples" and the like mean that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present disclosure. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method of retrofitting a top-blown smelting facility, comprising:
a converter or converting furnace which cancels the converting process;
reducing the height of a hearth of a top-blown smelting furnace in the top-blown smelting process;
canceling a single immersed top-blown lance of the top-blown smelting furnace;
arranging at least three top-blown smelting lances spaced apart from each other at the top of the top-blown smelting furnace;
a copper matte discharge port is additionally arranged on the top-blown smelting furnace;
an electrode and an electrode matching device of a settling electric furnace for canceling the top-blown smelting process are arranged, and at least three top-blown converting spray guns which are spaced from each other are arranged at the top of the settling electric furnace so as to transform the settling electric furnace into a top-blown converting furnace;
and connecting a copper matte discharge outlet of the top-blown smelting furnace with a copper matte inlet of the top-blown converting furnace through a launder.
2. A method of retrofitting a top-blown smelting facility as claimed in claim 1, wherein the top-blown smelting lances are non-submerged top-blown smelting lances or submerged top-blown smelting lances and the top-blown smelting lances are non-submerged top-blown smelting lances or submerged top-blown smelting lances.
3. A method of retrofitting a top-blown smelting plant according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the hearth height of the top-blown smelting furnace is reduced to 6-8 m, the number of top-blown smelting lances is 3-6 and the number of top-blown converting lances is 4-12.
4. A top-blowing continuous copper smelting device is characterized by comprising:
the top-blown smelting furnace is provided with a smelting furnace body and at least three top-blown smelting spray guns, the top-blown smelting spray guns are arranged at the top of the smelting furnace body and are spaced from each other, and the smelting furnace body is provided with a feeding opening, a smelting slag discharge opening and a copper matte discharge opening;
the top-blown converting furnace is provided with a converting furnace body and at least three top-blown converting spray guns, the top-blown converting spray guns are arranged at the top of the converting furnace body and are separated from each other, the converting furnace body is provided with a flux inlet, a copper matte inlet, a converting slag discharge port and a crude copper discharge port, and the copper matte inlet is connected with the copper matte discharge port of the smelting furnace body through a launder.
5. The continuous copper smelting facility according to claim 4, wherein the top-blown smelting lances are non-submerged top-blown smelting lances and the top-blown smelting lances are non-submerged top-blown smelting lances or submerged top-blown smelting lances.
6. The continuous copper smelting facility according to claim 4, wherein the number of top-blown smelting lances is 3-6 and the number of top-blown converting lances is 4-12.
7. The continuous copper smelting facility of claim 4, wherein one of the top-blown smelting lances is a back-up top-blown smelting lance and one of the top-blown converting lances is a back-up top-blown converting lance.
8. The continuous copper smelting facility according to any one of claims 4 to 7, wherein the thickness of the slag layer in the smelting furnace body is 300 mm to 800 mm, the thickness of the slag layer in the converting furnace body is 100 mm to 500 mm, the oxygen concentration of the oxygen-enriched air injected by the top-blown smelting lance is 50% to 90%, and the oxygen concentration of the oxygen-enriched air injected by the top-blown converting lance is 20% to 50%.
9. A continuous copper smelting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
mixing copper concentrate, quartz, coal and mixed ingredients to prepare mixed copper concentrate;
adding the mixed copper concentrate into a top-blown smelting furnace from a charging opening of the top-blown smelting furnace;
injecting oxygen-enriched air of a first concentration into the top-blown smelting furnace through at least three top-blown smelting lances spaced apart from each other to perform smelting;
discharging the molten slag from a molten slag discharge port of the top-blown smelting furnace;
discharging copper matte into a top-blown converting furnace through a launder from a copper matte discharge port of the top-blown smelting furnace;
adding a fusing agent into the top blowing converting furnace;
blowing oxygen-enriched air of a second concentration into the top-blowing converter through at least three top-blowing converting spray guns spaced from each other to perform converting;
discharging the converting slag from a converting slag discharge port of the top-blowing converting furnace;
discharging blister copper from a blister copper discharge port of the top blow converting furnace.
10. The continuous copper smelting method according to claim 9, wherein the thickness of the slag layer in the smelting furnace body is controlled to be 300-600 mm, the thickness of the slag layer in the converting furnace body is controlled to be 100-500 mm, the oxygen concentration of the oxygen-enriched air injected by the top-blown smelting lance is 50-90%, and the oxygen concentration of the oxygen-enriched air injected by the top-blown converting lance is 20-50%.
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| CN113234884A (en) * | 2021-04-23 | 2021-08-10 | 甘肃酒钢集团宏兴钢铁股份有限公司 | Method for solving interference between positions of top-blown gas and bottom-blown lance of converter |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113234884A (en) * | 2021-04-23 | 2021-08-10 | 甘肃酒钢集团宏兴钢铁股份有限公司 | Method for solving interference between positions of top-blown gas and bottom-blown lance of converter |
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